Shaddravya Vivechan

Publisher: Z_Mahendrakumar_Jain_Nyayacharya_Smruti_Granth_012005.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/212088/1

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Sadravya vivecana chaha dravya dravyakA sAmAnya lakSaNa yaha hai-jo maulika padArtha apanI paryAyoMko kramazaH prApta ho vaha dravya hai / dravya utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyase yukta hotA hai| usake mUla chaha bheda haiM-1. jIva, 2. pudgala, 3. dharma, 4. adharma, 5. AkAza aura 6. kAla / ve chahoM dravya prameya hote haiN| 1. jIva dravya jIva dravyako, jise AtmA bhI kahate hai, jainadarzanameM eka svataMtra maulika mAnA hai| usakA sAmAnyalakSaNa upayoga hai / upayoga arthAta caitanyapariNati / caitanya hI jIvakA asAdhAraNa guNa hai jisase vaha samasta jar3a dravyoMse apanA pRthak astitva rakhatA hai| bAhya aura Abhyantara kAraNoMse isa caitanyake jJAna aura darzana rUpase do pariNamana hote haiN| jisa samaya caitanya 'sva' se bhinna kisI jJeyako jAnatA hai usa samaya vaha 'jJAna' kahalAtA hai aura jaba caitanyamAtra caitanyAkAra rahatA hai, taba vaha 'darzana' kahalAtA hai| jIva asaMkhyAta pradezavAlA hai| cUMki usakA anAdikAlase sUkSma kArmaNa zarIrase sambandha hai, ataH vaha karmodayase prApta zarIrake AkArake anusAra choTe-bar3e AkArako dhAraNa karatA hai| isakA svarUpa nimnalikhita gAthAmeM bahuta spaSTa batAyA gayA hai-- "jIvo uvaogamao amutti kattA sdehprimaanno| bhottA saMsArattho siddho so visssoddddhgii||" -dravyasaMgraha gAthA 2 arthAt-~-jIva upayogarUpa hai, amUrtika hai, kartA hai, svadehaparimANa hai, bhoktA hai, saMsArI hai, siddha hai aura svabhAvase Urdhvagamana karanevAlA hai / yadyapi jIvameM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza ye cAra pudgalake dharma nahIM pAye jAte, isalie vaha svabhAvase amatika hai| phira bhI pradezoM meM saMkoca aura vistAra honese vaha apane choTe-bar3e zarIrake parimANa ho jAtA hai| AtmAke AkArake viSayameM bhAratIya darzanoMmeM mukhyatayA tIna mata pAye jAte hai / upaniSadeM AtmAke sarvagata aura vyApaka honekA jahA~ ullekha milatA hai, vahA~ usake aMguSThamAtra tathA aNurUpa honekA bhI kathana hai| 1. "aparicattasahAveNuppAyanvayadhuvattasaMjuttaM / guNavaM ca sapajjAyaM jaM taM davvaM ti buccaM ti ||3||"-prvcnsaar / "daviyadi gacchadi tAI tAI sbbhaavpjjyaaii|"-pNcaa0 gA0 9 / 2. "upayogo lakSaNam'-tattvArthasUca 2 / 8 / 3. "sarvavyApinamAtmAnam |'"-shve0 1 / 16 / 4. "aguSThamAtraH puruSaH"-zve0 3 / 13 / kttho04|12| "aNIyAn brIhervA yavAdvA""-chAndo0 3 / 14 / 3 /

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284 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha vyApaka AtmavAda vaidika darzanoMmeM prAyaH AtmAko amarta aura vyApI svIkAra kiyA hai| vyApaka honepara bhI zarIra aura manake sambandhase zarorAvacchinna ( zarIrake bhItarake ) AtmapradezoM meM jJAnAdi vizeSa guNoMkI utpatti hotI hai| amartta honeke kAraNa AtmA niSkriya bhI hai| usameM gati nahIM hotii| zarIra aura mana calatA hai, aura apanese sambaddha AtmapradezoMmeM jJAnAdikI anubhatikA sAdhana banatA jAtA hai| isa vyApaka AtmavAdameM sabase bar3A prazna yaha hai ki-eka akhaNDa dravya kucha bhAgoMmeM saguNa aura kucha bhAgoMmeM nirgaNa kaise raha sakatA hai ? phira jaba saba AtmAoMkA sambandha sabake zarIroMke sAtha hai, taba apaneapane sukha, duHkha aura bhogakA niyama bananA kaThina hai| adaSTa bhI niyAmaka nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki pratyekake adRSTakA sambandha umakI AtmAkI taraha anya zeSa AtmAoMke sAtha bhI hai| zarIrase bAhara apanI AtmAkI sattA siddha karanA atyanta duSkara kArya hai / vyApaka-pakSameM ekake bhojana karanepara dUsareko tRpti honI cAhie, aura isa taraha samasta vyavahAroMkA sAMkarya ho jaaygaa| mana aura zarIrake sambandhakI vibhinnatAse vyavasthA baiThAnA bhI kaThina hai| sabase bar3I bAta to yaha hai ki isameM saMsAra aura mokSakI vyavasthAe~ hI caupaTa ho jAtI haiM / yaha sarvasammata niyama hai ki jahA~ guNa pAye jAte haiM, vahIM usake AdhArabhUta dravyakA sadbhAva mAnA jAtA hai / guNoMke kSetrase guNIkA kSetra na to bar3A hotA hai, aura na choTA hI / sarvatra AkRtimeM guNIke barAbara ho guNa hote haiN| aba yadi hama vicAra karate haiM to jaba jJAnadarzanAdi AtmAke guNa hameM zarIrake bAhara upalabdha nahIM hote taba guNoMke binA guNIkA sadbhAva zarIrake bAhara kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? aNu AtmavAda isI taraha AtmAko aNurUpa mAnanepara, a~gUThemeM kA~TA cubhanese sAre zarIrake AtmapradezoM meM kampana aura duHkhakA anubhava honA asambhava ho jAtA hai| aNurUpa AtmAkI sAre zarIrameM atizIghra gati mAnanepara bhI isa zaMkAkA ucita samAdhAna nahIM hotA; kyoMki krama anubhavameM nahIM aataa| jisa samaya aNu AtmAkA cakSuke sAtha sambandha hotA hai, usa samaya bhinnakSetravartI rasanA Adi indriyoMke sAtha yugapata sambandha honA asaMbhava hai| kintu nIbUko A~khase dekhate hI jihvA indriyameM pAnIkA AnA yaha siddha karatA hai ki donoM indriyoM ke pradezoMse AtmA yugapata sambandha rakhatA hai| sirase lekara paira taka aNurUpa AtmAke cakkara lagAne meM kAlabheda honA svAbhAvika hai jo ki sarvAMgINa romAJcAdi kAryase jJAta honevAlI yugapat sukhAnubhUtike viruddha hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadarzanameM AtmAke pradezoMmeM saMkoca aura vistArakI zakti mAnakara use zarIraparimANavAlA svIkAra kiyA hai| eka hI prazna isa sambandhameM uThatA hai ki-'amUrtika AtmA kaise choTe-bar3e zarIrameM bharA raha sakatA hai, use to vyApaka hI honA cAhie yA phira aNurUpa ?' kintu jaba anAdikAlase isa AtmAmeM paudgalika karmoMkA sambandha hai, taba usake zuddha svabhAvakA Azraya lekara kiye jAnevAle tarka kahA~ taka saMgata haiM ? 'isa prakArakA eka amUrtika dravya hai jisameM ki svabhAvase saMkoca aura vistAra hotA hai|' yaha mAnanemeM yuktikA bala adhika hai; kyoMki hameM apane jJAna aura sukhAdi guNoMkA anabhava apane zarIrake bhItara hI hotA hai| bhUta-caitanyavAda cArvAka pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu isa bhUtacatuSTayake viziSTa rAsAyanika mizraNase zarIrako utpattikI taraha AtmAkI bhI utpatti mAnate haiN| jisa prakAra mahaA Adi padArthoMke saDAnese hai aura usameM mAdaka zakti svayaM A jAtI hai usI taraha bhUtacatuSTayake viziSTa saMyogase caitanya zakti bhI

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4 / viziSTa nibandha : 285 utpanna ho jAtI hai / ataH caitanya AtmAkA dharma na hokara zarIrakA hI dharma hai aura isalie jIvanakI dhArA garbhase lekara maraNaparyanta hI calatI hai / maraNa - kAla meM zarIrayantra meM vikRti A jAnese jIvana-zakti samApta ho jAtI hai / yaha dehAtmavAda bahuta prAcIna kAla se pracalita aura isakA ullekha upaniSadoMmeM bhI dekhA jAtA hai / dehase bhinna AtmAkI sattA siddha karaneke lie 'aham ' pratyaya hI sabase bar3A pramANa hai, jo 'ahaM' sukhI, ahaM duHkhI' Adike rUpameM pratyeka prANIke anubhavameM AtA hai / manuSyoMke apane-apane janmAntarIya saMskAra hote haiM, jinake anusAra ve isa janma meM apanA vikAsa karate haiN| janmAntarasmaraNakI anekoM ghaTanAe~ sunI gaI haiM, jinase yaha siddha hotA hai ki isa vartamAna zarIrako chor3akara AtmA naye zarIrako dhAraNa karatA hai / yaha ThIka hai ki -- isa karmaparataMtra AtmAkI sthiti bahuta kucha zarIra aura zarIra ke avayavoMke adhIna ho rahI hai / mastiSkake kisI rogase vikRta ho jAnepara samasta arjita jJAna vismRtike garbha meM calA jAtA hai / raktacApakI kamI - bezI honepara usakA hRdayakI gati aura manobhAvoMke Upara prabhAva par3atA hai / Adhunika bhUtavAdiyoMne bhI thAirAiDa aura picuyeTarI (Thyroyd and Pituatury ) granthiyoM meM se utpanna honevAle haoNramona ( Hormone ) nAmaka dravyake kama ho jAnepara jJAnAdiguNoMmeM kamI A jAtI hai, yaha siddha kiyA hai / kintu yaha saba dehaparimANavAle svatantra Atmatatva ke mAnanepara hI saMbhava ho sakatA hai; kyoMki saMsArI dazAmeM AtmA itanA paratantra hai ki usake apane nijI guNoMkA vikAsa bhI binA indriyAdike sahAre nahIM ho pAtA / ye bhautika dravya usake guNavikAsameM usI taraha sahArA dete haiM, jaise ki jharokhese dekhane - vAle puruSako dekhane meM jharokhA sahArA detA hai / kahIM-kahIM jaina granthoMmeM jIvake svarUpakA varNana karate samaya pudgala vizeSaNa bhI diyA hai, yaha eka naI bAta hai| vastutaH vahA~ usakA tAtparyaM itanA hI hai ki jIvakA vartamAna vikAsa aura jIvana jina AhAra, zarIra, indriya, bhASA aura mana paryAptiyoMke sahAre hotA hai ve saba paudgalika haiN| isa taraha nimittakI dRSTise usameM 'pudgala' vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai, svarUpako dRSTise nahIM / AtmavAdake prasaMga meM jainadarzanakA use zarIrarUpa na mAnakara pRthak dravya svIkAra karake bhI zarIraparimANa mAnanA apanI anokhI sUjha hai aura isase bhautikavAdiyoMke dvArA diye jAnevAle AkSepoMkA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai / icchA Adi svatantra AtmAke dharmaM haiM icchA, saMkalpazakti aura bhAvanAe~ kevala bhautika mastiSkakI upaja nahIM kahI jA sakatoM; kyoMki kisI bhI bhautika yantra meM svayaM calane, apane Apako TUTanepara sudhArane aura apane sajAtIyako utpanna karanekI kSamatA nahIM dekhI jAtI / avasthAke anusAra bar3hanA, ghAvakA apane Apa bhara jAnA, jIrNa ho jAnA ityAdi aise dharma haiM, jinakA samAdhAna kevala bhautikatAse nahIM ho sktaa| hajAroM prakAra ke choTe-bar3e yantroM kA AviSkAra, jagat ke vibhinna kArya-kAraNabhAvoMkA sthira karanA, gaNitake AdhArapara jyotiSavidyAkA vikAsa, manorama kalpanAoMse sAhityAkAzako raMga-biraMgA karanA Adi bAteM, eka svayaM samartha, svayaM caitanya - zAlI dravyakA hI kArya ho sakatI hai / prazna usake vyApaka, aNu-parimANa yA madhyama pariNAmakA hamAre sAmanehai / anubhava siddha kAryakAraNabhAva hameM use saMkoca aura vistAra svabhAvavAlA svabhAvataH amUrtika dravya mAnane prerita karatA hai / kisI asaMyukta akhaNDa dravyake guNoMkA vikAsa niyata pradezoMmeM nahIM ho sakatA / 1. " jIvo kattA ya vattA ya pANI bhottA ya poggalo / " - uddhRta, dhavalA TI0 pra0 pu0, pRSTha 118 /

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286 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha yaha prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra AtmAko zarIraparimANa mAnanepara bhI dekhanekI zakti A~khameM rahanevAle AtmapradezoMmeM hI mAnI jAtI hai aura saMghanekI zakti nAkame rahanevAle AtmapradezoMmeM hI, usI taraha AtmAko vyApaka mAna karake zarIrAntargata AtmapradezoMmeM jJAnAdi guNoMkA vikAsa mAnA jA sakatA hai ? parantu zarIrapramANa AtmAmeM dekhane aura sUMghanekI zakti kevala una-una AtmapradezameM hI nahIM mAnI gaI hai, apitu sampUrNa AtmAmeM / vaha AtmA apane pUrNa zarIrameM sakriya rahatA hai, ataH vaha una-una cakSu, nAka Adi upakaraNoMke jharokhoMse rUpa aura gaMdha AdikA parijJAna karatA hai / apanI vAsanAoM aura karma-saMskAroMke kAraNa usakI ananta zakti isI prakAra chinna-vicchinna rUpase prakaTa hotI hai / jaba karmavAsanAoM aura sUkSma karmazarIrakA saMparka chUTa jAtA hai, taba yaha apane ananta caitanya svarUpa meM lIna ho jAtA hai| usa samaya isake Atmapradeza antima samayake AkAra raha jAte haiN| kyoMki unake phailane aura sikur3anekA kAraNa jo karma thA, vaha naSTa ho cukA hai| isalie unakA antima zarIrake AkAra raha jAnA svAbhAvika hI hai| ___ saMsAra avasthAmeM usakI itanI parataMtra dazA ho gaI hai ki vaha apanI kisI bhI zaktikA vikAsa binA zarIra aura indriyoM ke sahAre nahIM kara sakatA hai / aura to jAne dojie, yadi upakaraNa naSTa ho jAtA hai, to vaha apanI jAgrata zaktiko bhI upayogameM nahIM lA sktaa| dekhanA, sUMghanA, cakhanA, sunanA aura sparza karanA ye kriyAyeM jaise indriyoMke binA nahIM ho sakatI, usI prakAra vicAranA, saMkalpa aura icchA Adi bhI binA manake nahIM ho pAte; aura manakI gati vidhi samagra zarIra-yantrake cAla rahanepara nirbhara karatI hai| isI atyanta paranirbharatAke kAraNa jagatke aneka vicAraka isakI svataMtra sattA mAnaneko bhI prastuta nahIM mAna zarIrake naSTa hote hI jIvanabhArakA upArjita jJAna, kalA-kauzala aura cirabhAvita bhAvanAe~ saba apane sthUlarUpameM samApta ho jAtI hai / inake atisUkSma saMskAra-bIja hI zeSa raha jAte haiN| ataH pratIti, anubhava aura yukti hameM sahaja hI isa natIjepara pahu~cA detI haiM, ki AtmA kevala bhUtacatuSTayarUpa nahIM hai, kintu unase bhinna, para unake sahAre apanI zaktiko vikasita karanevAlA, svataMtra, akhaNDa aura amUrtika padArtha hai / isako Ananda aura saundaryAnubhUti svayaM isake svatantra astitvake khAse pramANa haiM / rAga aura dveSakA honA tathA unake kAraNa hiMsA Adike ArambhameM juTa jAnA bhautikayaMtrakA kAma nahIM ho sakatA / koI bhI yantra apane Apa cale, svayaM bigar3a jAya aura bigar3ane para apanI marammata bhI svayaM kara le, svayaM preraNA le, aura samajha-bUjhakara cale, yaha asaMbhava hai| kartA aura bhoktA AtmA svayaM karmoMkA kartA hai aura unake phaloMkA bhoktA hai| sAMkhyakI taraha vaha akartA aura apariNAmI nahIM hai aura na prakRtike dvArA kiye gae karmoMkA bhoktA hii| isa sarvadA pariNAmI jagata meM pratyeka padArthakA pariNamana-cakra prApta sAmagrIse prabhAvita hokara aura anyako prabhAvita karake pratikSaNa cala rahA hai| AtmAkI koI bhI kriyA, cAhe vaha manase vicArAtmaka ho, yA vacanavyavahArarUpa ho, yA zarIrakI pravRttirUpa ho, apane kArmaNa zarIrameM aura AsapAsake vAtAvaraNameM nizcita asara DAlatI hai / Aja yaha vastu sUkSma kaimarA yantrase pramANita kI jA cukI hai| jisa kursIpara eka vyakti baiThatA hai, usa vyaktike uTha jAneke bAda amuka samaya taka vahA~ke vAtAvaraNameM usa vyaktikA pratibimba kaimarese liyA gayA hai / vibhinna prakArake vicAroM aura bhAvanAoMkI pratinidhibhUta rekhAe~ mastiSkameM par3atI hai| yaha bhI prayogoMse siddha kiyA jA cukA hai| caitanya indriyoMkA dharma bhI nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki indriyoMke bane rahanepara caitanya naSTa ho jAtA hai| yadi pratyeka indriyakA dharma caitanya mAnA jAtA hai to eka indriyake dvArA jAne gaye padArthakA indriyAntarase

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4/ viziSTa nibandha : 287 anusandhAna nahIM honA cAhie / para imalIko yA AmakI phAMkako dekhate hI jIbhameM pAnI A jAtA hai / ataH jJAta hotA hai ki A~kha aura jIbha Adi indriyoMkA prayoktA koI pRthak sUtra-saMcAlaka hai / jisa prakAra zarIra acetana hai usI taraha indriyA~ bhI acetana hai, ataH acetanase caitanyakI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / yadi ho; to usake rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza AdikA anvaya caitanyameM usI taraha honA cAhie, jaise ki miTTIke rUpAdikA anvaya miTTIse utpanna ghar3e meM hotA hai| turanta utpanna hue bAlakameM dUdha pIne AdikI ceSTAe~ usake pUrvabhavake saMskAroM ko sUcita karatI haiM / kahA bhI hai "tadaharjastanehAto rakSodRSTaH bhvsmRteH| bhUtAnanvayanAt siddhaH prakRtijJaH sanAtanaH // " -uddhRta, prameyaratnamAlA 4/8 / arthAt-tatkAla utpanna hue bAlakakI stanapAnakI ceSTAse, bhUta, rAkSasa Adike sadbhAvase, paralokake smaraNase aura bhautika rUpAdi guNoMkA caitanyameM anvaya na honese eka anAdi ananta AtmA pRthak dravya siddha hotA hai, jo sabakA jJAtA hai / rAgAdi vAtapittAdike dharma nahIM rAga, dveSa, krodha Adi vikAra bhI caitanyake hI hote haiN| ve vAta, pitta aura kapha Adi bhautika dravyoMke dharma nahIM hai, kyoMki' vAtaprakRtivAleke bhI pittajanya dveSa aura pittaprakRtivAleke bhI kaphajanya rAga aura kapha-prakRtivAleke bhI vAtajanya moha Adi dekhe jAte haiN| vAtAdikI vRddhimeM rAgAdikI vRddhi nahIM dekhI jAtI, ataH inheM vAta, pitta AdikA dharma nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yadi ye rAgAdi vAtAdijanya hoM to sabhI vAtAdi-prakRtivAloMke samAna rAgAdi hone caahiye| para aisA nahIM dekhA jaataa| phira vairAgya, kSamA aura zAnti Adi pratipakSI bhAvanAoMse rAgAdikA kSaya nahIM honA caahiye| vicAra vAtAvaraNa banAte haiM isa taraha jaba AtmA aura bhautika padArthoMkA svabhAva hI pratikSaNa pariNamana karanekA hai aura vAtAvaraNake anusAra prabhAvita honekA tathA vAtAvaraNako bhI prabhAvita karanekA hai; taba isa bAtake siddha karanekI vizeSa AvazyakatA nahIM rahato ki hamAre amUrta vyApAroMkA bhautika jagatpara kyA asara par3atA hai ? hamArA choTe-se choTA zabda ItharakI taraMgoM meM apane vegake anusAra, gaharA yA uthalA kampana paidA karatA hai| yaha jhanajhanAhaTa reDiyo-yantroMke dvArA kAnoMse sunI jA sakatI hai / aura jahA~ preSaka reDiyo-yantra maujUda hai, vahA~se to yatheccha zabdoMko nizcita sthAnoMpara bhejA jA sakatA hai / ye saMskAra vAtAvaraNapara sUkSma aura sthUla rUpameM bahuta kAlataka bane rahate haiN| kAlakI gati unheM dhuMdhalA aura naSTa karatI hai| isI taraha jaba AtmA koI acchA yA burA vicAra karatA hai, to usakI isa kriyAse Asa-pAsake vAtAvaraNameM eka prakArakI khalabalI maca jAtI hai, aura usa vicArakI zaktike anusAra vAtAvaraNameM kriyA-pratikriyA hotI hai| jagatke kalyANa aura maMgala-kAmanAke vicAra cittako halakA aura prasanna rakhate haiM / ve prakAzarUpa hote haiM aura unake saMskAra vAtAvaraNapara eka rozanI DAlate haiM, tathA apane anurUpa pudgala paramANuoMko apane zarIrake bhItarase hI, yA zarIrake bAharase khIMca lete haiN| una vicAroMke saMskAroMse prabhAvita una pudgala dravyoMkA sambandha amuka kAla 1. 'vyabhicArAnna vAtAdidharmaH, prakRti saMkarAt |'-prmaannvaa0 1 / 150 /

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288 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha taka usa AtmAke sAtha banA rahatA hai| isIke paripAkase AtmA kAlAntarameM acche aura bure anubhava aura preraNAoMko pAtA hai / jo padagala dravya eka bAra kinhIM vicAroMse prabhAvita hokara khicA yA ba~dhA hai, usameM bhI kAlAntarameM dUsare-dUsare vicAroMse barAbara heraphera hotA rahatA hai| antameM jisa-jisa prakArake jitane saMskAra bace rahate haiM; usa-usa prakArakA vAtAvaraNa usa vyaktiko upasthita ho jAtA hai| vAtAvaraNa aura AtmA itane sUkSma pratibimbagrAhI hote haiM ki jJAta yA ajJAta bhAvase honevAle pratyeka spandanake saMskAroMko ve pratikSaNa grahaNa karate rahate haiN| isa paraspara pratibimba grahaNa karanekI kriyAko hama 'prabhAva' zabdase kahate haiM / hameM apane samAna svabhAvavAle vyaktiko dekhate hI kyoM prasannatA hotI hai ? aura kyoM acAnaka kisI vyaktiko dekhakara jI ghRNA aura krodhake bhAvoMse bhara jAtA hai ? isakA kAraNa cittakI vaha pratibimbagrAhiNI sUkSma zakti hai, jo A~khoMkI dUrabInase zarIrakI sthUla dIvArako pAra karake sAmanevAleke manobhAvoMkA bahuta kucha AbhAsa pA letI hai / isIlie to eka premIne apane mitrake isa praznake uttarameM ki "tuma mujhe kitanA cAhate ho?' kahA thA ki "apane hRdayameM dekha lo|" kavizreSTha kAlidAsa tathA vizvakavi Taigorane premakI vyAkhyA ina zabdoM meM kI hai ki jisako dekhate hI hRdaya kisI anirvacanIya bhAvoMmeM bahane lage vahI prema hai aura sauMdarya vaha hai jisako dekhate hI A~kheM aura hRdaya kahane lage ki 'na jAne tuma kyoM majhe acche lagate ho ?" isIlie prema aura sauMdarya kI bhAvanAoMke kampana ekAkAra hokara bhI unake bAhya AdhAra paraspara itane bhinna hote hai ki sthUla vicArase unakA vizleSaNa kaThina ho jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki prabhAvakA paraspara AdAna-pradAna pratikSaNa cAlU hai| isameM deza, kAla aura AkArakA bheda bhI vyavadhAna nahIM de sktaa| paradezameM gaye patike Upara Apatti Anepara patiparAyaNA nArIkA sahasA anamanA ho jAnA isI prabhAvasUtrake kAraNa hotA hai| isIlie jagatke mahApuruSoMne pratyeka bhavyako eka hI bAta kahI hai ki 'acchA vAtAvaraNa banAo; maMgalamaya bhAvoMko cAroM ora bikhero|' kisI prabhAvazAlI yogIke acintya prema aura ahiMsAkI vizvamaitrI rUpa saMjIvana dhArAse AsapAsakI vanaspatiyoMkA asamayameM puSpita ho jAnA aura jAtivirodhI sA~pa-nevalA Adi prANiyoMkA apanA sAdhAraNa vaira bhalakara unake amRtapUta vAtAvaraNameM paraspara maitrIke kSaNoMkA anubhava karanA koI bahuta anahonI bAta nahIM hai, yaha to prabhAvakI acintya zaktikA sAdhAraNa sphuraNa hai| jaisI karanI vaisI bharanI niSkarSa yaha hai ki AtmA apanI mana, vacana aura kAyakI kriyAoMke dvArA vAtAvaraNase uma pudgala paramANaoMko khIMca letA hai, yA prabhAvita karake karmarUpa banA detA hai, jinake samparka meM Ate hI vaha phira usI prakArake bhAvoMko prApta hotA hai / kalpanA kIjie ki eka nirjana sthAnameM kisI hatyArene dRSTabaddhise kisI nirdoSa vyaktiko hatyA kii| marate samaya usane jo zabda kahe aura ceSTAe~ kI ve yadyapi kisI dUsarene nahIM dekhIM, phira bhI hatyAreke mana aura usa sthAnake vAtAvaraNameM unake phoTo barAbara aMkita hue haiN| jaba kabhI bhI vaha hatyArA zAntike kSaNoMmeM baiThatA hai, to usake cittapara par3A huA vaha pratibimba usakI A~khoMke sAmane jhUlatA hai, aura ve zabda usake kAnoMse TakarAte haiN| vaha usa sthAnameM jAnese ghabar3AtA hai aura svayaM apane meM parezAna hotA hai / isIko kahate haiM ki 'pApa sirapara car3hakara bolatA hai| isase yaha bAta spaSTa samajhameM A jAtI hai ki hara padArtha eka kaimarA hai, jo dUsareke prabhAvako sthUla yA sUkSma rUpase grahaNa karatA rahatA hai aura unhIM prabhAvoMkI ausatase citra-vicitra vAtAvaraNa aura aneka prakArake acche-bure manobhAvoMkA sarjana hotA hai / yaha eka sAmAnya siddhAnta hai ki hara padArtha apane sajAtIyameM dhula-mila jAtA hai, aura vijAtIyase saMgharSa

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4 / viziSTa nibandha : 289 karatA hai| jahA~ hamAre vicAroMke anukUla vAtAvaraNa hotA hai, yAnI dUsare loga bhI karIba-karIba hamArI vicAra-dhArAke hote haiM vahA~ hamArA citta unameM raca-paca jAtA hai, kintu pratikUla vAtAvaraNameM cittako AkulatA-vyAkulatA hotI hai / hara citta itano pahacAna rakhatA hai| use bhulAvemeM nahIM DAlA jA sakatA / yadi tumhAre cittameM dUsareke prati ghaNA hai, to tumhArA ceharA, tumhAre zabda aura tumhArI ceSTAe~ sAmanevAle vyaktimeM sadbhAvakA saMcAra nahIM kara sakatIM aura vAtAvaraNako nirmala nahIM banA sakatIM / isake phalasvarUpa tumheM bhI ghRNA aura tiraskAra hI prApta hotA hai| ise kahate haiM-'jaisI karanI taisI bhrno|' hRdayase ahiMsA aura sadbhAvanAkA samudra koI mahAtmA ahiMsAkA amRta liye kyoM khUkhAra aura barbaroMke bIca chAtI kholakara calA jAtA hai ? use isa siddhAntapara vizvAsa rahatA hai ki jaba hamAre manameM inake prati lezamAtra durbhAva nahIM hai aura hama inheM premakA amRta pilAnA cAhate haiM to ye kaba taka hamAre sadbhAvako ThukarAya~ge / usakA mahAtmatva yahI hai ki vaha sAmanevAle vyaktike lagAtAra anAdara karanepara bhI sacce hRdayase sadA usakI hita-cintanA hI karatA hai| hama saba aisI jagaha khar3e hue haiM jahA~ cAroM ora hamAre bhItara-bAharake prabhAvako grahaNa karanevAle kaimare lage haiM, aura hamArI pratyeka kriyAkA lekhA-jokhA prakRtikI usa mahAbahImeM aMkita hotA jAtA hai, jisakA hisAba-kitAba hameM hara samaya bhugatanA par3atA hai| vaha bhugatAna kabhI tatkAla ho jAtA hai aura kabhI kaalaantrmeN| pApakarmA vyakti svayaM apane zaMkita rahatA hai, aura ne hI manobhAvoMse parezAna rahatA hai| usakI yaha parezAnI hI bAharI vAtAvaraNase usakI iSTasiddhi nahIM karA paatii| cAra vyakti eka hI prakArake vyApArameM juTate haiM, para cAroMko alaga-alaga prakArakA jo naphAnukasAna hotA hai, vaha akAraNa hI nahIM hai| kucha purAne aura kucha tatkAlIna bhAva vAtAvaraNoMkA nicor3a una-una vyaktiyoM ke saphala, asaphala yA ardhasaphala hone meM kAraNa par3a jAte hai / puruSakI baddhimA puruSArtha yahI hai ki vaha sadbhAva aura prazasta vAtAvaraNakA nirmANa kare / isIke kAraNa vaha jinake samparkameM AtA hai unakI sadabuddhi aura hRdayakI rujhAnako apanI ora khIMca letA hai, jisakA pariNAma hotA haiusako laukika kAryoMkI siddhi meM anukUlatA milnaa| eka vyaktike sadAcaraNa aura sadvicAroMkI zoharata jaba cAroM ora phailato hai, to vaha jahA~ jAtA hai, Adara pAtA hai, use sanmAna milatA aura aisA vAtAvaraNa prastuta hotA hai, jisase use anukUlatA hI anukUlatA prApta hotI jAtI hai| isa vAtAvaraNase jo bAhya vibhUti yA anya sAmagrIkA lAbha huA hai usameM yadyapi paramparAse vyaktike purAne saMskAroMne kAma liyA hai; para sIdhe una saMskAroMne una padArthoMko nahIM khIMcA hai / hA~, una padArthoke juTane aura juTAne meM purAne saMskAra aura usake pratinidhi pudgala dravyake vipAkane vAtAvaraNa avazya banAyA hai / usase una-una padArthoM kA saMyoga aura viyoga rahatA hai / yaha to balAbalakI bAta hai| manuSya apanI kriyAoMse jitane gahare yA uthale saMskAra aura prabhAva, vAtAvaraNa aura apanI AtmApara DAlatA hai usIke tAratamyase manuSyoMke iSTAniSTakA cakra calatA hai / tatkAla kisI kAryakA ThIka kAryakAraNabhAva hamArI samajha meM na bho Aye, para koI bhI kArya akAraNa nahIM ho sakatA, yaha eka aTala siddhAnta hai| isI taraha jovana aura maraNake kramameM bhI kucha hamAre purAne saMskAra aura kucha saMskAraprerita pravRttiyA~ tathA ihalokakA jIvana-vyApAra saba milAkara kAraNa banate haiN| nUtana zarIra dhAraNako prakriyA jaba koI bhI prANI apane pUrva zarIrako chor3atA hai, to usake jIvana bharake vicAroM, vacana-vyavahAroM aura zarIrakI kriyAoMse jisa-jisa prakArake saMskAra AtmApara aura AtmAse cirasaMyukta kArmaNa-zarIrapara

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290 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha par3e haiM, arthAt kArmaNa-zarIrake sAtha una saMskAroMke pratinidhibhUta pudgala dravyoMkA jisa prakArake rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparzAdi pariNamanoMse yukta hokara sambandha huA hai, kucha usI prakArake anukUla pariNamanavAlI paristhitimeM yaha AtmA nUtana janma grahaNa karanekA avasara khoja letA hai aura vaha purAne zarIrake naSTa hote ho apane sUkSma kArmaNa zarIrake sAtha usa sthAna taka pahu~ca jAtA hai / isa kriyAmeM prANIke zarIra chor3aneke samayake bhAva aura preraNAeM bahuta kucha kAma karatI haiN| isIlie jaina parampara meM samAdhimaraNako jIvanakI antima parIkSAkA samaya kahA hai; kyoMki eka bAra nayA zarIra dhAraNa karaneke bAda usa zarIrakI sthiti taka lagabhaga eka jaisI paristhitiyAM banI rahanekI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| maraNakAlakI isa utkrAntiko samhAla lenepara prApta paristhitiyoM ke anusAra bahuta kucha purAne saMskAra aura ba~dhe hue karmoM meM hInAdhikatA honekI sambhAvanA bhI utpanna ho jAtI hai| jaina zAstroMmeM eka mAraNAntika samudghAta nAmakI kriyAkA varNana AtA hai| isa kriyAmeM maraNakAlake pahale isa AtmAke kucha pradeza apane vartamAna zarIrako chor3akara bhI bAhara nikalane haiM aura apane agale janmake yogya kSetrako sparza kara vApisa A jAte haiN| ina pradezake sAtha kArmaNa zarIra bhI jAtA hai aura usameM jisa prakArake rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza Adike pariNamanoMkA tAratamya hai, usa prakArake anukala kSetrakI ora hI usakA jhukAva hotA hai / jisake jIvanameM sadA dharma aura sadAcArakI paramparA rahI hai, usake kArmaNa zarIrameM prakAzamaya, laghu aura svaccha paramANuoMkI bahulatA hotI hai| isalie usakA gamana laghu honeke kAraNa svabhAvataH prakAzamaya lokakI ora hotA hai / aura jisake jIvana meM hatyA, pApa, chala, prapaJca, mAyA, marchA Adike kAle, guru aura maile paramANuoMkA sambandha vizeSarUpase huA hai, vaha svabhAvataH andhakAralokakI ora nIcekI tarapha jAtA hai| yahI bAta sAMkhya zAstroMmeM"dharmeNa gamanamUvaM gamanamadhastAt bhavatyadharmeNa / " / -sAMkhyakA0 44 / isa vAkyake dvArA kahI gaI hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki AtmA pariNAmI honeke kAraNa pratisamaya apanI mana, vacana aura kAyakI kriyAoMse una-una prakArake zabha aura azabha saMskAroMmeM svayaM pariNata hotA jAtA hai, aura vAtAvaraNako bhI usI prakArase prabhAvita karatA hai| ye AtmasaMskAra apane pUrvabaddha kArmaNa zarIrameM kucha naye karmaparamANuoMkA sambandha karA dete haiM, jinake paripAkase ve saMskAra AtmAmeM acche yA bure bhAva paidA karate hai| AtmA svayaM una saMskAroMkA kartA hai aura svayaM hI unake phaloMkA bhoktA hai| jaba yaha apane mala svarUpako ora dRSTi pheratA hai, taba isa svarUpadarzanake dvArA dhIre-dhIre purAne kusaMskAroMko kATakara svarUpasthitirUpa mukti pA letA hai / kabhI-kabhI kinhIM vizeSa AtmAoMmeM svarUpajJAnakI itanI tIvra jyoti jaga jAtI hai, ki usake mahAprakAzameM kusaMskAroMkA piNDa kSaNabharameM hI vilIna ho jAtA hai aura vaha AtmA isa zarIrako dhAraNa kiye hue bhI pUrNa vItarAga aura pUrNa jJAnI bana jAtA hai / yaha jIvanmukta avasthA hai| isa avasthAmeM AtmaguNoMke ghAtaka saMskAroMkA samUla nAza ho jAtA hai / mAtra zarIrako dhAraNa karane meM kAraNabhata kucha aghAtiyA saMskAra zeSa rahate haiM, jo zarIrake sAtha samApta ho jAte haiN| taba yaha AtmA pUrNarUpase siddha hokara apane svabhAvAnusAra Urdhvagati karake lokake UparI chorameM jA pahu~catA hai / isa taraha yaha AtmA svayaM kartA aura svayaM bhoktA hai, svayaM apane saMskAroM aura baddhakarmoke anusAra asaMkhya jIva-yoniyoMmeM janmamaraNake bhArako DhotA rahatA hai / yaha sarvathA apariNAmo aura nirlipta nahIM hai, kintu pratikSaNa pariNAmI hai aura vaibhAvika yA svAbhAvika kisI bhI avasthAmeM svayaM badalanevAlA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki eka bAra

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4 / viziSTa nibandha : 291 svAbhAvika avasthAmeM paha~canepara phira vaibhAvika pariNamana nahIM hotA, sadA zuddha pariNamana hI hotA rahatA hai / ye siddha kRtakRtya hote haiM / unheM sRSTi-kartRtva AdikA koI kArya zeSa nahIM rahatA / sRSTicakra svayaM cAlita hai saMsArI jIva aura pudagaloMke paraspara prabhAvita karanevAle saMyoga-viyogoMse isa sRSTikA mahAcakra svayaM cala rahA hai| isake lie kisI niyaMtraka, vyavasthApaka, suyojaka aura nirdezakakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| bhautika jagatakA cetana jagata svayaM apane balAbalake anusAra nirdezaka aura prabhAvaka bana jAtA hai| phira yaha Avazyaka bhI nahIM hai ki pratyeka bhautika pariNamanake lie kisI cetana adhiSThAtAkI nitAnta AvazyakatA ho / cetana adhiSThAtAke binA bhI asaMkhya bhautika parivartana svayameva apanI kAraNasAmagroke anusAra hote rahate haiM / isa svabhAvataH pariNAmI dravyoMke mahAsamudAyarUpa jagatko kisIne sarvaprathama kisI samaya calAyA ho, aise kAlakI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| isIlie usa jagatako svayaMsiddha aura anAdi kahA jAtA hai / ataH na to sarvaprathama isa jagat-yantrako calAneke lie kisI cAlakakI AvazyakatA hai aura na isake antargata jIvoMke puNya-pApakA lekhA-jokhA rakhanevAle kisI mahAlekhakakI, aura acchebure karmoMkA phala denevAle aura svarga yA naraka bhejanevAle kisI mahAprabhukI ho| jo vyakti zarAba piyegA usakA nazA tIvra yA manda rUpameM usa vyaktiko apane Apa AyagA hii| eka Izvara saMsArake pratyeka aNu-paramANukI kriyAkA saMcAlaka bane aura pratyeka jIvake acche-bare kAryoMkA bhI svayaM vahI preraka ho aura phira vahI baiThakara saMsArI jIvoMke acche-bure karmokA nyAya karake unheM sugati aura durgatimeM bheje, unheM sukha-duHkha bhoganeko vivaza kare yaha kaisI krIr3A hai ! durAcArake lie preraNA bhI vahI de, aura daNDa bhI vahI / yadi sacamuca koI eka aisA niyantA hai to jagatkI viSamasthitike lie malataH vahI javAbadeha hai / ataH isa bhUla-bhulaiyAke cakrase nikalakara hameM vastusvarUpakI dRSTise hI jagatakA vivecana karanA hogA aura usa AdhArase hI jaba taka hama apane jJAnako sacce darzanakI bhUmipara nahIM pahu~cAyeMge, taba taka tattvajJAnakI dizAmeM nahIM bar3ha sakate / yaha kaisA andhera hai ki Izvara hatyA karanevAleko bhI preraNA detA hai, aura jisakI hatyA hotI hai use bhI; aura jaba hatyA ho jAtI hai, to vahI ekako hatyArA ThaharAkara daNDa bhI dilAtA hai| usakI yaha kaisI vicitra lIlA hai| jaba vyakti apane kAryameM svatantra hI nahIM hai, taba vaha hatyAkA kartA kaise ? ataH pratyeka jIva apane kAryoMkA svayaM prabhu hai, svayaM kartA hai aura svayaM bhoktA hai| ataH jagata-kalyANakI dRSTise aura vastuke svAbhAvika pariNabhanakI sthitipara gaharA vicAra karanese yahI siddhAnta sthira hotA hai ki yaha jagat svayaM apane pariNAmI svabhAvake kAraNa prApta sAmagrIke anasAra parivartamAna hai / usameM vibhinna vyaktiyoMkI anukUlatA aura pratikalatAse acchepana aura barepanakI kalpanA hotI rahatI hai / jagat to apanI gatise calA jA rahA hai| 'jo karegA, vahI bhogegA / jo boyegA. vahI kaattegaa|' yaha eka svAbhAvika vyavasthA hai| dravyoMke pariNamana kahIM cetanase prabhAvita hote hai. kahIM acetanase prabhAvita aura kahIM paraspara prabhAvita / inakA koI nizcita niyama nahIM hai, jaba jaisI sAmagrI prastuta ho jAtI hai, taba vaisA pariNamana bana jAtA hai / jIvoMke bheda saMsArI aura mukta jaisA ki Uparake vivecanase spaSTa hotA hai, ki yaha jIva apane saMskAroMke kAraNa svayaM ba~dhA hai aura apane puruSArthase svayaM chaTakara mukta ho sakatA hai, usIke anusAra jIva do zreNiyoMmeM vibhAjita ho

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292 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha jAte haiN| eka saMsArI-jo apane saMskAroMke kAraNa nAnA yoniyoMmeM zaroroMko dhAraNakara janma-maraNa rUpase saMsaraNa kara rahe haiM / (2) dUsare mukta-jo samasta karmasaMskAroMse chUTakara apane zuddha caitanyameM sadA parivartamAna haiM / jaba jIva mukta hotA hai, taba vaha dIpazikhAkI taraha apane Urdhva-gamana svabhAvake kAraNa zarIrake bandhanoMko tor3akara lokAgrameM jA pahu~catA hai, aura vahIM anantakAla taka zuddhacaitanyasvarUpameM lIna rahatA hai| usake AtmapradezoMkA AkAra antima zarIrake AkArake samAna banA rahatA hai; kyoMki Age usake vistArakA kAraNa nAmakarma nahIM rhtaa| jIvoM ke pradezoMkA maMkoca aura vistAra donoM hI karmanimittase hote haiM / nimittake haTa jAnepara jo antima sthiti hai, vahI raha jAtI hai| yadyapi jIvakA svabhAva Uparako gati karanekA hai, kintu gati karanemeM sahAyaka dharmadravya cUMki lokake antima bhAga taka ho hai, ataH mukta jIvakI gati lokAgra taka ho hoto hai, Age nhiiN| isIlie siddhoMko 'lokAgranivAsI' kahate hai| siddhAtmAe~ cUMki zuddha ho gaI hai, ataH unapara kisI dUsare dravyakA koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA; aura na ve paraspara hI prabhAvita hotI haiN| jinakA saMsAracakra eka bAra ruka gayA, phira unheM saMsArameM rulanekA koI kAraNa zepa nahIM rahatA / igalie inheM anantasiddha kahate haiN| jIvakI 'saMsAra-yAtrA kabase zurU haI, yaha nahIM batAyA jA sakatA; para 'kaba samApta hogI' yaha nizcita batAyA jA sakatA hai| asaMkhya jIvoMne apanI saMsArayAtrA samApta karake mukti pAI bhI hai| ina siddhoMke sabhI guNoMkA pariNamana sadA zuddha hI rahatA hai| ye kRtakRtya haiM, niraMjana haiM aura kevala apane zuddhacitpariNamanake svAmI haiN| inakI yaha siddhAvasthA nitya isa artha meM hai ki vaha svAbhAvika pariNamana karate rahanepara bhI kabhI vikRta yA naSTa nahIM hotii| yaha prazna prAyaH uThatA hai ki 'yadi siddha sadA ekase rahate haiM, to unameM pariNamana mAnanekI kyA AvazyakatA hai ?' parantu isakA unara atyanta sahaja hai| aura vaha yaha hai ki jaba dravyakI mala sthiti hI utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyarUpa hai, taba kisI bhI dravyako cAhe vaha zuddha ho yA azuddha, isa mala svabhAvakA apavAda kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? use to apane mUla svabhAvake anusAra pariNamana karanA hI hogaa| cUMki unake vibhAva pariNamanakA koI hetu nahIM hai, ataH unakA sadA svabhAvarUpase hI pariNamana hotA rahatA hai| koI bhI dravya kabhI bhI pariNamanacakrase bAhara nahIM jA sakatA / 'taba pariNamanakA kyA prayojana ?' isakA sIdhA uttara hai-svabhAva' / cUMki pratyeka dravyakA yaha nija svabhAva hai, ataH use anantakAla taka apane svabhAvameM rahanA hI hogA / dravya apane agurulaghuguNake kAraNa na kama hotA hai aura na bar3hatA hai| vaha pariNamanakI tIkSNa dhArapara car3hA rahanepara bhI apanA dravyatva naSTa nahIM hone detaa| yahI anAdi ananta avicchinnatA dravyatva hai, aura yahI usakI apanI maulika vizeSatA hai / agurulaghuguNake kAraNa usake na to pradezoM meM ho nyUnAdhikatA hotI hai, aura na guNoMmeM hii| usake AkAra aura prakAra bhI santulita rahate hai| siddha kA svarUpa nimnalikhita gAthAmeM bahuta spaSTa rUpase kahA gayA hai "NikkammA aTThaguNA kiMcUNA caramadehado siddhaa| loyagga-ThidA NiccA uppAdavaehiM saMjuttA // " -niyamasAra gA0 72 arthAt-siddha jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karmoMse rahita haiM / samyaktva, jJAna, darzana, vIrya, sUkSmatva, avagAhanatva, agurulaghutva aura avyAbAdha ina ATha guNoMse yukta haiM / apane pUrva antima zarIrase kucha nyUna AkAravAle haiN| nitya hai aura utpAda-vyayase yukta hai, tathA lokake agrabhAgameM sthita haiN|

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4 / viziSTa nibandha : 293 isa taraha jIvadravya saMsArI aura mukta do prakAroMmeM vibhAjita hokara bhI mUla svabhAvase samAna guNa aura samAnazaktivAlA hai / pudgala dravya 'pudgala' dravyakA sAmAnya lakSaNa' hai-rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza se yukta honA / jo dravya skandha avasthAmeM pUraNa arthAt anya anya paramANuoMse milanA aura galana arthAt kucha paramANuoMkA bichur3anA, isa taraha upacaya aura apacayako prApta hotA hai, vaha 'pudgala' kahalAtA hai / samasta dRzya jagat isa 'pudgala' kAhI vistAra hai / mUla dRSTise pudgaladravya paramANurUpa hI hai / aneka paramANuoMse milakara jo skandha banatA hai, vaha saMyuktadravya ( anekadravya ) hai / skandhaparyAya skandhAntargata sabhI pudgala - paramANuoM kI saMyukta paryAya hai / ve pudgala - paramANu jaba taka apanI baMdhazaktise zithila yA nibir3arUpa meM eka-dUsarese juTe rahate haiM, taba taka skandha kahe jAte haiM / ina skandhoMkA banAva aura bigAr3a paramANuoM kI baMdhazakti aura bhedazakti ke kAraNa hotA hai / pratyeka 2 paramANu meM svabhAvase eka rasa, eka rUpa, eka gandha aura do sparza hote haiM / lAla, pIlA, nIlA, sapheda aura kAlA ina pA~ca rUpoMmeMse koI eka rUpa paramANu meM hotA hai jo badalatA bhI rahatA hai / tItA, kaDuvA, kaSAyalA, khaTTA aura mIThA ina pA~ca rasoMmeMse koI eka rasa paramANu meM hotA hai, jo parivartita bhI hotA rahatA hai / sugandha aura durgandha ina do gandhoM meM se koI eka gandha paramANu meM avazya hotI hai| zIta aura uSNa, snigdha aura rUkSa, ina do yugaloMmeMse koI eka-eka sparza arthAt zIta aura uSNameMse eka aura snigdha tathA rUkSameMse eka, isa taraha do sparza pratyeka paramANu meM avazya hote haiM / bAkI mRdu, karkaza, guru aura laghu ye cAra sparza skandha-avasthAke haiM / paramANu-avasthA meM ye nahIM hote / yaha ekapradezI hotA hai / yaha skandhoMkA kAraNa bhI hai aura skandhoMke bhedase utpanna honeke kAraNa unakA kArya bhI hai| pudgalakI paramANu- avasthA svAbhAvika paryAya hai, aura skandha-avasthA vibhAva-paryAya hai / skandhoM ke bheda -- skandha apane pariNamanoMkI apekSA chaha prakArake hote haiM (1) atisthUla - sthUla ( bAdara - bAdara ) -- jo skandha chinna-bhinna honepara svayaM na mila sakeM, ve lakar3I, patthara, parvata, pRthvI Adi atisthUla-sthUla haiM / (2) sthUla ( bAdara ) - jo skandha chinna-bhinna honepara svayaM Apasa meM mila jAya~, ve sthUla skandha haiN| jaise ki dUdha, ghI, tela, pAnI Adi / (3) sthUla sUkSma ( bAdara - sUkSma ) - jo skandha dikhane meM to sthUla hoM, lekina chedane - bhedane aura grahaNa karane meM na AyeM, ve chAyA, prakAza, andhakAra, cA~danI Adi sthUla sUkSma skandha haiM / (4) sUkSma-sthUla ( sUkSma-bAdara ) - jo sUkSma hokarake bhI sthUla rUpa meM dikheM, ve pA~coM indriyoMke viSaya -- sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa aura zabda sUkSma sthUla skandha haiM / 1. 2. 3. 'sparza' rasagandhavarNavantaH pudgalAH " tattvArthasU0 5 / 23 / "eyarasavaNNagaMdhaM do phAsaM saddakAraNamasadaM / " "aithUlathUlathUlaM thUlaM suhumaM ca suhumathUlaM ca / sumaM aisumaM iti dharAdigaM hoi chanbheyaM // " -- paMcAstikAya gA0 81 / - niyamasAra gA0 21-24 /

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294 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha (5) sUkSma-jo sUkSma honeke kAraNa indriyoMke dvArA grahaNa na kiye jA sakate hoM, ve karmavargaNA Adi sUkSma skandha haiN| (6) atisUkSma-karmavargaNAse bhI choTe dvayaNuka skandha taka sUkSmasUkSma hai / paramANu paramAtisUkSma hai / vaha avibhAgI hai / zabdakA kAraNa hokara bhI svayaM azabda hai, zAzvata hokara bhI utpAda aura vyayavAlA hai yAnI trayAtmaka pariNamana karanevAlA hai| skandha Adi cAra bheda padagala dravyake skandha, skandhadeza, skandhapradeza aura paramANu ye cAra vibhAga bhI hote haiM / anantAnanta paramANuoMse skandha banatA hai, usase AdhA skandhadeza aura skandhadezakA AdhA skandhapradeza hotA hai| paramANu sarvataH avibhAgI hotA hai| indriyA~, zarIra, mana, indriyoMke viSaya aura zvAsocchavAsa Adi saba kucha pudgala dravyake hI vividha pariNamana haiN| bandhakI prakriyA ina paramANuoMmeM svAbhAvika snigdhatA aura rUkSatA honeke kAraNa paraspara bandha hotA hai, jisase skandhoMkI utpatti hotI hai| snigdha aura rUkSa guNoMke zaktyaMzakI apekSA asaMkhya bheda hote haiM, aura unameM tAratamya bhI hotA rahatA hai| eka zaktyaMza ( jaghanyaguNa ) vAle snigdha aura rUkSa paramANuoMkA paraspara bandha ( rAsAyanika mizraNa ) nahIM hotaa| snigdha aura snigdha, rUkSa aura rUkSa, snigdha aura rUkSa, tathA rUkSa aura snigdha paramANuoMmeM bandha tabhI hogA, jaba inameM paraspara guNoMke zaktyaMza do adhika hoM, arthAt do guNavAle snigdha yA rUkSa paramANukA bandha cAra guNavAle snigdha yA rUkSa paramANuse hogA / bandhakAlameM jo adhika guNavAlA paramANu hai, vaha kama guNavAle paramANukA apane rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza rUpase pariNamana karA letA hai| isa taraha do paramANuoMse dvayaNuka, tIna paramANuoMse tryaNuka aura cAra, pA~ca Adi paramANuoMse caturaNuka, paJcANuka Adi skandha utpanna hote rahate haiM / mahAskandhoMke bhedase bhI do alpaskandha ho sakate haiM / yAnI skandha, saMghAta aura bheda donoMse banate haiN| skandha avasthAmeM paramANuoMkA paraspara itanA sUkSma pariNamana ho jAtA hai ki thor3I-sI jagahameM asaMkhya paramANu samA jAte haiN| eka sera rUI aura eka sera lohemeM sAdhAraNatayA paramANuoMkI saMkhyA barAbara honepara bhI unake niviDa aura zithila bandhake kAraNa rUI thalathalI hai aura lohA Thosa / rUI adhika sthAnako rokatI hai aura lohA kama sthAnako / ina pudgaloke isI sUkSma pariNamanake kAraNa asaMkhyAtapradezo lokameM anantAnanta paramANu samAe hue hai / jaisA ki pahale 1. 'khaMdhA yA khaMdhadesA khaMdhapadesA ya hoMti paramANU / iti te cadubviyappA puggalakAyA muNeyavvA / ' -paJcAstikAya gA0 74-75 / 2. "zarIravAGmanaHprANApAnAH pudgalAnAm / " -tattvArthasUtra 5/19 / 3. "snigdharUkSatvAd bandhaH / na jaghanyaguNAnAm / guNasAmye sadRzAnAm / dvayadhikAdiguNAnAM tu / bandhe'dhiko pAriNAmikau ca / " -tattvArthasUtra 5 / 33-37 /

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4/ viziSTa nibandha : 295 likhA jA cukA hai ki pratyeka dravya pariNAmI hai| usI taraha ye pudgala dravya bhI usa pariNamanake apavAda nahIM haiM aura pratikSaNa upayukta sthUla-bAdarAdi skandhoMke rUpa meM banate-bigar3ate rahate haiM / zabda Adi pudgalakI paryAya haiM 'zabda, bandha, sUkSmatA, sthalatA, saMsthAna, bheda, andhakAra, chAyA, prakAza, udyota aura garmoM Adi pudgala dravyakI hI paryAyeM hai| zabdako vaizeSika Adi AkAzakA guNa mAnate hai, kintu Ajake vijJAnane apane reDiyo aura grAmophona Adi vividha yantroMse zabdako pakar3akara aura use iSTa sthAnameM bhejakara usakI paudgalikatA prayogase siddha kara dI hai| yaha zabda pudgalake dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, pudgalase dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, pudgaloMse rukatA hai, pudgaloMko rokatA hai, pudgala kAna Adike pardoko phAr3a detA hai aura paudgalika vAtAvaraNameM anukampana paidA karatA hai, ataH paudgalika hai / skandhoMke paraspara saMyoga, saMgharSaNa aura vibhAgase zabda utpanna hotA hai / jihvA aura tAlu Adike saMyogase nAnA prakArake bhASAtmaka prAyogika zabda utpanna hote haiM / isake utpAdaka upAdAna kAraNa tathA sthUla nimitta kAraNa donoM hI paudgalika haiN| jaba do skandhoMke saMgharSase koI eka zabda utpanna hotA hai, to vaha Asa-pAsake skandhoMko apanI zaktike anusAra zabdAyamAna kara detA hai, arthAta usake nimittase una skandhoMmeM bhI zabdaparyAya utpanna ho jAtI hai / jaise jalAzayameM eka kaMkar3a DAlane para jo prathama lahara utpanna hotI hai, vaha apanI gatizaktise pAsake jalako kramazaH taraMgita karatI jAtI hai aura yaha 'vIcItaraMganyAya' kisI-na-kisI rUpameM apane vegake anusAra kAphI dUra taka cAla rahatA hai| zabda zaktirUpa nahIM hai zabda kevala zakti nahIM hai, kintu zaktimAn pudgalaMdravya-skandha hai, jo vAyu skandhake dvArA dezAntarako jAtA huA AsapAsake vAtAvaraNako jhanajhatA jAtA hai| yantroMse usakI gati bar3hAI jA sakatI hai aura usakI sUkSma laharako sudUra dezase pakar3A jA sakatA hai / vaktAke tAlu Adike saMyogase utpanna huA eka zabda mukhase bAhara nikalate hI cAroM taraphake vAtAvaraNako usI zabdarUpa kara detA hai / vaha svayaM bhI niyata dizAmeM jAtA hai aura jAte-jAte, zabdase zabda paidA karatA jAtA hai| zabdake jAnekA artha paryAyavAle skandhakA jAnA hai aura zabdakI utpattikA bhI artha hai AsapAsake skandhoMmeM zabdaparyAyakA utpanna honA / tAtparya yaha ki zabda svayaM dravyakI paryAya hai, aura isa paryAyake AdhAra haiM pudgala skandha / amUrtika AkAzake guNameM ye saba nATaka nahIM ho sakate / amarta dravyakA guNa to amatta hI hogA, vaha marttake dvArA gRhIta nahIM ho sktaa| vizvakA samasta vAtAvaraNa gatizIla pudgalaparamANu aura skandhoMse nirmita hai / usImeM paraspara saMyoga Adi nimittoMse garmI, sardI, prakAza, andhakAra, chAyA Adi paryAyeM utpanna hotIM aura naSTa hotI rahatI haiN| garmI, prakAza aura zabda ye kevala zaktiyAM nahIM hai, kyoMki zaktiyA~ nirAzraya nahIM raha sakatIM / ve to kisI-na-kisI AdhArameM raheMgI aura unakA AdhAra hai-yaha pudgala dravya / paramANukI gati eka samayameM lokAnta taka ( caudaha rAju ) ho sakatI hai, aura vaha gatikAlameM AsapAsake vAtAvaraNako prabhAvita karatA hai| prakAza aura zabdakI gatikA jo lekhA-jokhA Ajake vijJAnane lagAyA hai, vaha paramANakI isa svAbhAvika gatikA eka alpa aMza hai / prakAza aura garmIke skandha ekadezase sudUra deza taka jAte hue apane vega ( force) 1. "zabdabandhasokSamyasthaulyasaMsthAnabhedatamazchAyAtapodyotavantazca / " -tattvArthasUtra 5 / 24

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296 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha ke anusAra vAtAvaraNako prakAzamaya aura garmI paryAyase yukta banAte hue jAte haiN| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki jo prakAza Adi skandha bijalIke TArca Adise nikalate haiM, ve bahuta dUra taka svayaM cale jAte haiM aura anya gatizIla pudgala skandhoMko prakAza, garmI yA zabdarUpa (paryAya dhAraNa karAke unheM Age calA dete haiN| Ajake vaijJAnikoMne betArakA tAra aura binA tArake TelIphonakA bhI AviSkAra kara liyA hai / jisa taraha hama amerikAmeM bole gaye zabdoMko yahA~ suna lete haiM, usI taraha aba bolanevAleke phoToko bhI sunate samaya dekha skeNge| pudgalake khela yaha saba zabda, AkRti, prakAza, garmI, chAyA, andhakAra AdikA parivahana tIvra gatizIla pudgalaskandhoMke dvArA hI ho rahA hai| paramANu-bamakI vinAzaka zakti aura haoNiDrojana bamakI mahApralaya zaktise hama pudgalaparamANukI ananta zaktiyoMkA kucha andAja lagA sakate haiM / / eka dUsareke sAtha ba~dhanA, sUkSmatA, sthUlatA, caukoNa, SaTkoNa Adi vividha AkRtiyA~, suhAvanI cA~danI, maMgalamaya uSAkI lAlI Adi sabhI kucha padgala skandhoMkI paryAyeM haiM / nirantara gatizIla aura utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka pariNamanavAle anantAnanta paramANuoMke paraspara saMyoga aura vibhAgase kucha naisargika aura kucha prAyogika pariNamana isa vizvake raMgamaJcapara pratikSaNa ho rahe hai / ye saba mAyA yA avidyA nahIM haiM, Thosa satya haiM / svapnakI taraha kAlpanika nahIM haiM, kintu apanemeM vAstavika astitva rakhanevAle padArtha haiM / vijJAnane eTamameM jina ilekTrona aura proTonako avirAma gatise cakkara lagAte hue dekhA hai, vaha sUkSma yA atisUkSma pudgala skandhameM ba~dhe hue paramANuoMkA hI gaticakra hai / saba apane-apane kramase jaba jaisI kAraNasAmagrI pA lete haiM, vaisA pariNamana karate hue apanI ananta yAtrA kara rahe haiN| puruSakI kitanI-sI zakti ! vaha kahA~ taka ina dravyoMke pariNamanoMko prabhAvita kara sakatA hai ? hA~, jahA~ taka apanI sUjha-bUjha aura zaktike anusAra vaha yantroMke dvArA inheM prabhAvita aura niyantrita kara sakatA thA, vahA~ taka usane kiyA bhI hai| padgalakA niyantraNa paudgalika sAdhanoMse hI ho sakatA hai aura ve sAdhana bhI pariNamanazIla haiN| ataH hameM dravyakI mala sthitike AdhArase hI tattvavicAra karanA cAhiye aura vizvavyavasthAkA AdhAra DhUMr3hanA cAhie / chAyA pudgalakI hI paryAya hai sUrya Adi prakAzayakta dravyake nimittase Asa-pAsa padagalaskandha bhAsurarUpako dhAraNakara prakAzaskandha bana jAte haiM / isI prakAzako jitanI jagaha koI sthUla skandha yadi roka letA hai to utanI jagahake skandha kAle rUpako dhAraNa kara lete haiM, yahI chAyA yA andhakAra hai / ye sabhI pudgala dravyake khela hai / kevala mAyAkI A~khamicaunI nahIM hai aura na 'eko'haM bahu syAm' kI liilaa| ye to Thosa vajanadAra paramArthasat pudagala paramANaoMkI avirAma gati aura pariNatike vAstavika dRzya haiN| yaha A~kha mUMdakara kI jAnevAlI bhAvanA nahIM hai, kintu prayogazAlAmeM rAsAyanika prakriyAse kiye jAnevAle prayogasiddha padArtha haiM / yadyapi pudgalANuoMmeM samAna ananta zakti hai, phira bhI vibhinna skandhoMmeM jAkara unakI zaktiyoMke bhI jude-jude ananta bheda ho jAte haiM / jaise pratyeka paramANumeM sAmAnyataH mAdakazakti honepara bhI usakI prakaTatAkI yogyatA mahuvA, dAkha aura kodoM Adike skandhoMmeM hI sAkSAt hai, so bhI amuka jalAdike rAsAyanika mizraNase / ye paryAyayogyatAeM kahalAtI hai. jo una-una sthala paryAyoMmeM prakaTa hotI haiN| aura ina sthala paryAyoMke ghaTaka sUkSma skandha bhI apanI usa avasthAmeM viziSTa zaktiko dhAraNa karate haiN|

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eka hI pudgala maulika hai Adhunika vijJAnane pahale 92 maulika tattva ( Elements ) khoje the / unhoMne inake vajana aura zaktike aMza nizcita kiye the / maulika tattvakA artha hotA hai - 'eka tattvakA dUsare rUpa na honA / ' parantu aba eka eTama ( Atom) hI mUla tattva baca gayA hai / yahI eTama apane meM cAroM ora gatizIla ilekTrona aura proTonakI saMkhyAke bhedase oNksIjana, haoNiDrojana, cA~dI, sonA, lohA, tA~bA, yUreniyama, reDiyama Adi avasthAoMko dhAraNa kara letA hai / oNksIjanake amuka ilekTrona yA proTonako tor3ane yA milAnepara vahI hAiDrojana bana jAtA hai / isa taraha oNksIjana aura hAiDrojana do maulika na hokara eka tattvakI avasthAvizeSa hI siddha hote haiM / mUlatattva kevala aNu ( Atom ) hai / 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 297 pRthivI Adi svatantra dravya nahIM naiyAyika - vaizeSika pRthvIke paramANuoMmeM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi cAroM guNa, jala paramANuoMmeM rUpa, rasa aura sparza ye tIna guNa; agni ke paramANuoMmeM rUpa aura sparza ye do guNa aura vAyumeM kevala sparza, isa taraha guNabheda mAnakara cAroMko svatantra dravya mAnate haiM / kintu jaba pratyakSa se sIpameM par3A huA jala, pArthiva motI bana jAtA hai, pArthiva lakar3I agni bana jAtI hai, agni kasna bana jAtI hai, pArthiva hima pighalakara jala ho jAtA hai aura oNksIjana aura hAiDrojana donoM vAyu milakara jala bana jAtI haiM, taba inameM paraspara guNabhedakRta jAtibheda mAnakara pRthak dravyatva kaise siddha ho sakatA hai ? jainadarzanane pahale se hI samasta pudgalaparamANuoMkA paraspara pariNamana dekhakara eka hI pudgala dravya svIkAra kiyA hai / yaha to ho sakatA hai ki avasthAvizeSameM koI guNa prakaTa hoM aura koI aprakaTa / agnimeM rasa aprakaTa raha sakatA hai, vAyumeM rUpa aura jalameM gandha, kintu ukta dravyoMmeM una guNoMkA abhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / yaha eka sAmAnya niyama hai ki 'jahA~ sparza hogA vahA~ rUpa, rasa aura gandha avazya hI hoNge|' isI taraha jina do padArthoMkA eka-dUsare ke rUpase pariNamana ho jAtA hai ve donoM pRthak jAtIya dravya nahIM ho sakate / isIlie Ajake vijJAnako apane prayogoMse usI ekajAtika aNuvAdapara AnA par3A hai / prakAza aura garmI bhI zaktiyA~ nahIM yadyapi vijJAna prakAza, garmI aura zabdako abhI kevala ( Energy ) zakti mAnatA hai / para, baha zakti nirAdhAra na hokara kisI-na-kisI Thosa AdhAra meM rahanevAlI hI siddha hogI; kyoMki zakti yA guNa nirAzraya nahIM raha sakate / unheM kisI-na-kisI maulika dravyake AzrayameM rahanA hI hogA / ye zaktiyA~ jina mAdhyamoMse gati karatI haiM, una mAdhyamoMko svayaM usa rUpase pariNata karAtI huI hI jAtI haiM / ataH yaha prazna manameM uThatA hai ki jise hama zaktikI gati kahate haiM vaha AkAzameM nirantara pracita paramANuoMmeM avirAma gatise utpanna honevAlI zaktiparaMparA hI to nahIM hai ? hama pahale batA Aye haiM ki zabda, garmI aura prakAza kisI nizcita dizAko gati bhI kara sakate haiM aura samIpake vAtAvaraNako zabdAyamAna, prakAzamAna aura garama bhI kara dete haiM / yoM to jaba pratyeka paramANu gatizIla hai aura utpAda vyayasvabhAva ke kAraNa pratikSaNa nUtana paryAyoMko dhAraNa kara rahA hai, taba zabda, prakAza aura garmIko inhIM paramANuoMkI paryAya mAnanemeM hI vastusvarUpakA saMrakSaNa raha pAtA hai / 9 jaina granthoM meM pudgala dravyoMkI jina - karma vargaNA, nokarmavagaMNA, AhAravargaNA, bhASAvargaNA, Adi rUpase--23 prakArako vargaNAoM kA varNana milatA hai, ve svatantra dravya nahIM haiN| eka hI pudgalajAtIya 1. dekho, gommaTasAra jIvakANDa gAthA 593-94 / 4-38

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298 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha skandhoMmeM ye vibhinna prakArake pariNamana, vibhinna sAmagrIke anusAra vibhinna paristhitiyoMmeM bana jAte haiN| yaha nahIM hai ki jo paramANu eka bAra karmavargaNArUpa hue haiM; ve sadA karmavargaNArUpa hI raheMge, anyarUpa nahIM hoMge, yA anya-paramANu karmavargaNArUpa na ho sakeMge / ye bheda to vibhinna skandha-avasthAmeM vikasita zaktibhedake kAraNa haiN| pratyeka dravyameM apanI-apanI dravyagata mala yogyatAoMke anusAra, jaisI-jaisI sAmagrIkA juTAva ho jAtA hai, vaisA-vaisA pratyeka pariNamana sambhava hai / jo paramANu zarIra-avasthAke nokarmavargaNA banakara zAmila hae the, vahI paramANu mRtyuke bAda zarIrake khAka ho jAnepara anya vibhinna avasthAoMko prApta ho jAte haiM / ekajAtIya dravyoMmeM kisI bhI dravyazaktike pariNamanoMkA bandhana nahIM lagAyA jA sktaa| yaha ThIka hai ki kucha pariNamana kisI sthUlaparyAyako prApta pudgaloMse sAkSAt ho sakate haiM, kisIse nahIM / jaise miTTI-avasthAko prApta pudgala paramANu hI ghaTa-avasthAko dhAraNa kara sakate haiM, agni-avasthAko prApta pudgala paramANu nahIM, yadyapi agni aura ghaTa donoM hI pudgalakI hI paryAyeM hai| yaha tI sambhava hai ki agnike paramANu kAlAntarameM miTTI bana jAyeM aura phira ghar3A baneM; para sIdhe agnise ghar3A nahIM banAyA jA sakatA / malataH pudgalaparamANu oMmeM na to kisI prakArakA jAtibheda hai, na zaktibheda hai aura na AkAra: bheda hI / ye saba bheda to bIcakI skandha paryAyoMmeM hote haiN| gatizIlatA pudgala paramANu svabhAvataH kriyAzIla hai| usakI gati tIvra, manda aura madhyama aneka prakArakI hotI hai / usameM vajana bhI hotA hai, kintu usakI prakaTatA skandha avasthAmeM hotI hai / ina skandhoMmeM aneka prakArake sthUla, sUkSma, pratighAtI aura apratighAtI pariNamana avasthAbhedake kAraNa sambhava hote haiM / isa taraha yaha jagat apanI bAhyAbhyantara sAmagrIke anusAra dRzya aura adRzya aneka prakArako avasthAoMko svayameva dhAraNa karatA rahatA hai / usameM jo kucha bhI niyatatA yA aniyatatA, vyavasthA yA avyavasthA hai, vaha svayameva hai| bIcake par3AvameM puruSakA prayala inake pariNamanoMko kucha kAlataka kisI vizeSa rUpa meM prabhAvita aura niyantrita bhI karatA hai| bIca meM honevAlI aneka avasthAoMkA adhyayana aura darzana karake jo sthala kAryakAraNabhAva niyata kiye jAte haiM, ve bhI ina dravyoMkI mala-yogyatAoMke hI AdhArase kiye jAte haiN| dharma dravya aura adhamaM dravya ananta AkAzameM lokake amuka AkArako nizcita karaneke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki koI aisI vibhAjaka rekhA kisI vAstavika AdhArapara nizcita ho, jisake kAraNa jIva aura pudgaloMkA gamana vahIM taka ho sake; bAhara nahIM / AkAza eka amUrta, akhaNDa aura anantapradezI dravya hai| usakI apanI saba jagaha eka sAmAnya sattA hai / ataH usake amuka pradezoM taka pudgala aura jIvoMkA gamana ho aura Age nahIM, yaha niyantraNa svayaM akhaNDa AkAzadravya nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki usameM pradezabheda hokara bhI svabhAvabheda nahIM hai| jIva aura padgala svayaM gatisvabhAvavAle haiM, ataH yadi ve gati karate haiM to svayaM rukanekA prazna hI nahIM hai| isalie jaina AcAryoMne loka aura alokake vibhAgake lie lokavartI AkAzake barAbara eka amatika, niSkriya aura akhaNDa dharmadravya mAnA hai, jo gatizIla jIva aura pudgaloMko gamana karane meM sAdhAraNa kAraNa hotA hai| yaha kisI bhI dravyako preraNA karake nahIM calAtA; kintu jo svayaM gati karate haiM, unako mAdhyama banakara sahArA detA hai| isakA astitva lokake bhItara to sAdhAraNa hai para lokakI sImAoMpara niya rUpameM hai| sImAoMpara patA calatA hai ki dharmadravya bhI koI astitvazAlI dravya hai; jisake kAraNa samasta jIva aura pudgala apanI yAtrA usI sImA taka samApta karaneko vivaza haiM, usake Age nahIM jA sakate /

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4 / viziSTa nibandha : 299 jisa prakAra gatike lie eka sAdhAraNa kAraNa dharmadravya apekSita hai; usI taraha jIva aura pudgaloMkI sthitike lie bhI eka sAdhAraNa kAraNa honA cAhie aura vaha hai-adharma dravya / yaha bhI lokAkAzake barAbara hai, rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza aura zabdase rahita-amUrtika hai; niSkriya hai aura utpAda-vyayarUpase pariNamana karate hue bhI nitya hai / apane svAbhAvika santulana rakhanevAle ananta agurulaghuguNoMse utpAda-vyaya karatA huA. ThaharanevAle jIva-pudgaloMko sthitimeM sAdhAraNa kAraNa hotA hai| isake astitvakA patA bhI lokakI sImAoMpara hI calatA hai / jaba Age dharmadravya na hone ke kAraNa jIva aura pudgala dravya gati nahIM kara sakate taba sthitike lie isakI sahakAritA apekSita hotI hai| ye donoM dravya svayaM gati nahIM karate: karanevAle aura ThaharanevAle jIva aura pudgaloMkI gati aura sthitimeM sAdhAraNa nimitta hote haiN| loka aura alokakA vibhAga hI inake sadbhAvakA acaka pramANa hai| yadi AkAzako hI sthitikA kAraNa mAnate haiM, to AkAza to alokameM bhI maujada hai| vaha ki akhaNDa dravya hai, ataH yadi vaha lokake bAharake padArthoMkI sthitimeM kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA; to lokake bhItara bhI usakI kAraNatA nahIM bana sktii| isalie sthitike sAdhAraNa kAraNake rUpameM adharmadravyakA pRthaka astitva hai| ye dharma aura adharma dravya, puNya aura pApake paryAyavAcI nahIM haiM-svataMtra dravya haiN| inake asaMkhyAta pradeza hai, ataH bahupradezI honeke kAraNa inheM 'astikAya' kahate hai aura isalie inakA 'dharmAstikAya' aura 'adharmAstikAya' ke rUpa meM bhI nirdeza hotA hai / inakA sadA zuddha pariNamana hotA hai| dravyake mUla pariNAmIsvabhAvake anusAra pUrva paryAyako chor3ane aura uttara paryAyako dhAraNa karanekA krama apane pravAhI astitvako banAye rakhate hue anAdikAlase calA A rahA hai aura ananta kAla taka cAla rhegaa| AkAza dravya samasta jIva-ajIvAdi dravyoMko jo jagaha detA hai arthAt jisameM ye samasta jIva-pudgalAdi dravya yugapat avakAza pAye hue haiM, vaha AkAza dravya hai| yadyapi pudgalAdi dravyoMmeM bhI paraspara hInAdhika rUpameM eka dusareko avakAza denA dekhA jAtA hai, jaise ki Tebila para kitAba yA bartanameM pAnI AdikA, phira bhI samasta dravyoMko eka sAtha avakAza denevAlA AkAza hI ho sakatA hai| isake ananta pradeza hai / isake madhya bhAgameM caudaha rAjU U~cA puruSAkAra loka hai, jisake kAraNa AkAza lokAkAza aura alokAkAzake rUpameM vibhAjita ho jAtA hai / lokAkAza asaMkhyAta pradezoMmeM hai, zeSa ananta aloka hai, jahA~ kevala AkAza hI AkAza hai / yaha niSkriya hai aura rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza aura zabdAdise rahita honeke kAraNa amUrtika hai| 'avakAza dAna' hI isakA eka asAdhAraNa guNa hai, jisa prakAra ki dharmadravyakA gamanakAraNatva aura adharmadravyakA sthitikAraNatva / yaha sarvavyApaka hai aura akhaNDa hai| dizA svatantra dravya nahIM isI AkAzake pradezoMmeM sUryodayakI apekSA pUrva, pazcima Adi dizAoMkI kalpanA kI jAtI hai| dizA koI svatantra dravya nahIM hai| AkAzake pradezoMkI paMktiyA~ saba tarapha kapaDemeM tantakI trh| eka paramANu jitane AkAzako rokatA hai use pradeza kahate haiM / isa nApase AkAzake ananta pradeza hai / yadi pUrva, pazcima Adi vyavahAra honeke kAraNa dizAko eka svatantra dravya mAnA jAtA hai, to pUrvadeza, pazcimadeza Adi vyavahAroMse 'deza dravya' bhI svatantra mAnanA par3egA / phira prAnta, jilA, tahasIla Adi bahatase svatantra dravyoMkI kalpanA karanI pdd'egii|

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300 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha zabda AkAzakA guNa nahIM __ AkAzameM zabda guNakI kalpanA bhI Ajake vaijJAnika prayogoMne asatya siddha kara dI hai| hama pudgala dravyake varNanameM use paudgalika siddha kara Aye haiM / yaha to moTI-sI bAta hai ki jo zabda paudgalika indriyoMse gRhIta hotA hai pudgaloMse TakarAtA hai, pudgaloMse rokA jAtA hai, pudgaloMko rokatA hai, pudgaloMmeM bharA jAtA hai, vaha paudgalika hI ho sakatA hai / ataH zabda guNake AdhArake rUpa meM AkAzakA astitva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / na 'pudgala dravya' kA hI pariNamana AkAza ho sakatA hai; kyoMki eka hI dravyake marta aura amattaM, vyApaka aura avyApaka Adi do viruddha pariNamana nahIM ho sakate / AkAza prakRtikA vikAra nahIM sAMkhya eka prakRti tattva mAnakara usIke pathivI Adi bhUta tathA AkAza ye donoM pariNamana mAnate hai / parantu vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki-eka prakRtikA ghaTa, paTa, pRthivI, jala, agni aura vAyu Adi aneka rUpI bhautika kAryoM ke AkArameM hI pariNamana karanA yukti aura anubhava donoMse viruddha hai, kyoMki saMsArake ananta rUpI bhautika kAryoMkI apanI pRthaka-pRthak sattA dekhI jAtI hai| sattva. raja aura tama ina tIna guNoMkA sAdRzya dekhakara ina sabako ekajAtIya yA samAnajAtIya to kahA jA sakatA hai, para eka nhiiN| kiJcit samAnatA hone ke kAraNa kAryoMkA eka kAraNase utpanna honA bhI Avazyaka nahIM hai| bhinna-bhinna kAraNoMse utpanna honevAle saikar3oM ghaTa-paTAdi kArya kucha-na-kucha jaDatva Adike rUpase samAnatA rakhate hI haiN| phira mUrtika aura amUrtika, rUpI aura arUpI, vyApaka aura avyApaka, sakriya aura niSkriya Adi rUpase viruddha dharmavAle pRthivI Adi aura AkAzako eka prakRtikA pariNamana mAnanA brahmavAdako mAyAmeM hI eka aMzase samA jAnA hai| brahmavAda kucha Age bar3hakara cetana aura acetana sabhI padArthoMko eka brahmakA vivarta mAnatA hai, aura ye sAMkhya samasta jar3oMko eka jaDa prakRtikI paryAya / yadi triguNAtmakatvakA anvaya honese saba eka triguNAtmaka kAraNase samutpanna haiM, to AtmatvakA anvaya sabhI AtmAoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai, aura sattAkA anvaya sabhI cetana aura acetana padArthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai; to ina sabako bho eka 'advaitasat' kAraNase utpanna huA mAnanA par3egA, jo ki pratIti aura vaijJAnika prayoga donoMse viruddha hai| apane-apane vibhinna kAraNoMse utpanna honevAle svatantra jar3acetana aura mUrta-amUrta Adi vividha padArthoM meM aneka prakArake para-apara sAmAnyoMkA sAdRzya dekhA jAtA hai, para itanemAtrase saba eka nahIM ho sakate / ataH AkAza prakRtikI paryAya na hokara eka svatantra dravya hai, jo amartta, niSkriya, sarvavyApaka aura ananta hai| jala Adi pudgala dravya apanemeM jo anya pudgalAdi dravyoMko avakAza yA sthAna dete haiM, vaha unake tarala pariNamana aura zithila bandhake kAraNa banatA hai| antataH jalAdike bhItara rahanevAlA AkAza hI avakAza denevAlA siddha hotA hai| ___ isa AkAzase hI dharmadravya aura adharmadra vyakA gati aura sthitirUpa kAma nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA, kyoMki yadi AkAza hI pudgalAdi dravyoMkI gati aura sthitimeM nimitta ho jAya to loka aura alokakA vibhAga hI nahIM bana sakegA, aura mukta jIva, jo lokAntameM Thaharate haiM, ve sadA ananta AkAzameM UparakI ora ur3ate raheMge / ataH AkAzako gamana aura sthitimeM sAdhAraNa kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yaha AkAza bhI anya dravyoMkI bhA~ti 'utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya' isa sAmAnya dravyalakSaNase yukta

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4 / viziSTa nibandha : 301 hai, aura isameM pratikSaNa apane aguru-laghu guNake kAraNa pUrva paryAyakA vinAza aura uttara paryAyakA utpAda hote hue bhI satata avicchinnatA banI rahatI hai| ataH yaha bhI pariNAmI nitya hai / AjakA vijJAna prakAza aura zabdakI gati ke lie jisa IthararUpa mAdhyamakI kalpanA karatA hai, vaha AkAza nahIM hai / vaha to eka sUkSma pariNamana karanevAlA lokavyApI pudgala skandha hI hai; kyoMki mUrtadravyoMkI gatikA antaraMga AdhAra amUrta padArthaM nahIM ho sakatA / AkAzake ananta pradeza isalie mAne jAte haiM ki jo AkAzakA bhAga kAzI meM hai, vahI paTanA AdimeM nahIM hai, anyathA kAzI A jAyeMge / aura paTanA eka hI kSetrameM bauddha paramparA meM AkAzakA svarUpa bauddha paramparA meM AkAzako asaMskRta dharmomeM ginAyA hai aura usakA 'varNana 'anAvRti' (AvaraNAbhAva ) rUpase kiyA hai / yaha kisIko AvaraNa nahIM karatA aura na kisIse AvRta hotA hai / saMskRtakA artha hai, jisameM utpAdAdi dharma pAye jaayeN| kintu sarvakSaNikavAdI bauddhakA, AkAzako asaMskRta arthAt utpAdAdi dharmase rahita mAnanA kucha samajha meM nahIM aataa| isakA varNana bhale hI anAvRti rUpase kiyA jAya, para vaha bhAvAtmaka padArtha hai, yaha vaibhASikoMke vivecanase siddha hotA hai / koI bhI bhAvAtmaka padArtha bauddhake matase utpAdAdizUnya kaise ho sakatA hai ? yaha to ho sakatA hai ki usameM honevAle utpAdAdikA hama varNana na kara sakeM, para svarUpabhUta utpAdAdise inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura na kevala vaha AvaraNAbhAvarUpa hI mAnA jA sakatA hai / 'abhidhammattha saMgaha' meM AkAzadhAtuko paricchedarUpa mAnA hai / vaha cAra mahAbhUtoMkI taraha niSpanna nahIM hotA, kintu anya pRthvI Adi dhAtuoMke pariccheda-darzanamAtra se isakA jJAna hotA hai, isalie ise paricchedarUpa kahate haiM; para AkAza kevala paricchedarUpa nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki vaha arthakriyAkArI hai / ata: vaha utpAdAdi lakSaNoMse yukta eka saMskRta padArtha hai / kAladravya samasta dravyoM ke utpAdAdirUpa pariNamanameM sahakArI 'kAladravya' hotA hai / isakA lakSaNa hai vartanA / yaha svayaM parivartana karate hue anya dravyoMke parivartanameM sahakArI hotA hai aura samasta lokAkAzameM ghar3I, ghaMTA, pala, dina, rAta Adi vyavahAroMmeM nimitta hotA hai / yaha bhI anya dravyoMkI taraha utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvya lakSaNavAlA hai / rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adise rahita hone ke kAraNa amUrtika hai / pratyeka lokAkAzake pradezapara eka-eka kAla-dravya apanI svatantra sattA rakhatA hai| dharma aura adharma dravyakI taraha vaha lokAkAzavyApI ekadravya nahIM hai; kyoMki pratyeka AkAza pradezapara samayabheda ise anekadravya mAne binA nahIM bana sakatA | laMkA aura kurukSetra meM dina rAta AdikA pRthak-pRthak vyavahAra tattatsthAnoMke kAlabhedake kAraNa hI hotA hai / eka akhaNDa dravya mAnanepara kAlabheda nahIM ho sakatA / dravyoMmeM paratva - aparatva ( lahurA-jeTha ) Adi vyavahAra kAlase hI hote haiM / purAnApana - nayApana bhI kAlakRta hI haiM / atIta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya ye vyavahAra bhI kAlakI kramika paryAyoMse hote haiN| kisI bhI padArtha ke pariNamanako atIta, vartamAna yA bhaviSya kahanA kAlakI apekSAse hI ho sakatA hai / 1. " tatrAkAzamanAvRtiH " - abhidharmakoza 1 / 5 / 2. "chidramAkAzadhAtvAkhyam AlokatamasI kila / " - abhidharmakoza 1 / 28 /

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302 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha vaizeSikakI mAnyatA vaizeSika kAlako eka aura vyApaka dravya mAnate haiM, parantu nitya aura eka dravyameM jaba svayaM atItAdi bheda nahIM haiM, taba usake nimittase anya padArthoM meM atItAdi bheda kaise nApe jA sakate haiM ? kisI bhI dravyakA pariNamana kisI samaya meM ho to hotA hai / binA samayake usa pariNamanako atIta, anAgata yA vartamAna kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? tAtparya yaha hai ki pratyeka AkAza-pradezapara vibhinna dravyoMke jo vilakSaNa pariNamana ho rahe haiM, unameM eka sAdhAraNa nimitta kAla hai, jo aNurUpa hai aura jisakI samayaparyAyoMke samudAya meM hama ghar3I, ghaMTA Adi sthUla kAlakA nApa banAte haiM / alokAkAzameM jo atItAdi vyavahAra hotA hai, vaha lokAkAzavartI kAlake kAraNa hI / cU~ki loka aura alokavartI AkAza, eka akhaNDa dravya hai, ataH lokAkAzameM honevAlA koI bhI pariNamana samUce AkAzameM hI hotA hai / kAla ekapradezI honeke kAraNa dravya hokara bhI 'astikAya ' nahIM kahA jAtA; kyoMki bahupradezI dravyoMkI hI 'astikAya' saMjJA hai / zvetAmbara jaina paramparAmeM kucha AcArya kAlako svatantra dravya nahIM mAnate / bauddha paramparAmeM kAla bauddha paramparAmeM kAla kevala vyavahArake lie kalpita hotA hai / yaha koI svabhAvasiddha padArtha nahIM hai, prajJaptimAtra hai / ( aTThazAlinI 1 / 3 / 16 ) / kintu atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna Adi vyavahAra mukhya kAlake binA nahIM ho sakate / jaise ki bAlaka meM zerakA upacAra mukhya zerake sadbhAvameM hI hotA hai, usI taraha samasta kAlika vyavahAra mukhya kAladravyake binA nahIM bana sakate / isa taraha jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharmaM, AkAza aura kAla ye chaH dravya anAdi-siddha maulika haiM / sabakA eka hI sAmAnya lakSaNa hai-utpAda-vyaya- provyayuktatA / isa lakSaNakA apavAda koI bhI dravya kabhI bhI nahIM ho sakatA / dravya cAhe zuddha hoM yA azuddha, ve isa sAmAnya lakSaNase hara samaya saMyukta rahate haiM / vaizeSikakI dravyamAnyatAkA vicAra vaizeSika pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, AkAza, kAla, dizA, AtmA aura mana ye nava dravya mAnate haiM / inameM pRthvI Adika cAra dravya to 'rUpa-rasa- gandha-sparza-vattva' isa sAmAnya lakSaNase yukta hone ke kAraNa pudgala dravyameM antarbhUta haiM / dizAkA AkAza meM antarbhAva hotA hai / mana svatantra dravya nahIM hai, vaha yathAsambhava jIva aura pudgalakI hI paryAya hai / mana do prakArakA hotA hai - eka dravyamana aura dUsarA bhAvamana / dravyamana AtmAko vicAra karane meM sahAyatA denevAle pudgala - paramANuoMkA skandha hai / 'zarIra ke jisa-jisa bhAga meM AtmAkA upayoga jAtA hai; vahA~-vahA~ke zarIrake paramANu bhI tatkAla manarUpase pariNata ho jAte haiM / athavA, hRdayapradezameM aSTadala kamalake AkArakA dravyamana hotA hai, jo hitAhitake vicAra meM AtmAkA upakaraNa banatA hai / vicAra-zakti AtmAkI hai / ataH bhAvamana AtmarUpa hI hotA hai / jisa prakAra bhAvendriyA~ AtmAkI hI vizeSa zaktiyA~ haiM, usI taraha bhAvamana bhI noindriyAvaraNakarmake kSayopazamase prakaTa honevAlI AtmAkI eka vizeSa zakti hai; atirikta dravya nahIM / 1. " dravyamanazca jJAnAvaraNavIryAntarAyakSayopazamalAbhapratyayAH guNadoSavicArasmaraNAdipraNidhAnAbhimukhasyAtmano'nugrAhakAH pudgalAH vIrya vizeSAvarjanasamarthAH manastvena pariNatA iti kRtvA paudgalikam manastvena hi pariNatAH pudgalAH guNadoSavicArasmaraNAdikAryaM kRtvA tadanantarasamaya eva manastvAt pracyavante / " - tattvArthavA0 5 / 19 /

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4 / viziSTa nibandha : 303 bauddha-paraMparAmeM hRdaya-vastuko eka pRthak dhAtu mAnA hai', jo ki dravyamanakA sthAnIya ho sakatA hai / 'abhidharmakoza' meM chaha jJAnoMke samAnAntara kAraNabhUta pUrvajJAnako mana kahA hai / yaha bhAvamanakA sthAna grahaNa kara sakatA hai, kyoMki cetanAtmaka hai| indriyA~ manakI sahAyatAke binA apane viSayoMkA jJAna nahIM kara sakatIM, paranta mana akelA hI gaNadoSavicAra Adi vyApAra kara sakatA hai| manakA koI nizcita viSaya nahIM hai, ataH vaha sarvaviSayaka hotA hai| guNa Adi svatantra padArtha nahIM vaizeSikane dravyake sivAya guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa, samavAya aura abhAva ye chaha padArtha aura mAne hai / vaizeSikakI mAnyatA pratyayake AdhArase calatI hai| cUMki 'guNaH guNaH' isa prakArakA pratyaya hotA hai, ataH guNa eka padArtha honA cAhie / 'karma karma' isa pratyayake kAraNa karma eka svatantra padArtha mAnA gayA hai| 'anugatAkAra, pratyayase para aura apara rUpase aneka prakArake sAmAnya mAne gaye haiM / 'apRthasiddha' padArthoke sambandha sthApanake lie 'samavAya' kI AvazyakatA huI / nitya paramANuoMmeM, zuddha AtmAoMmeM, tathA mukta oMke manoMmeM paraspara vilakSaNatAkA bodha karAneke lie pratyeka nitya dravyapara eka vizeSa padArtha mAnA gayA hai| kAryotpattike pahale vastuke abhAvakA nAma prAgabhAva hai / utpattike bAda honevAlA vinAza pradhvaMsAbhAva hai / paraspara padArthoMke svarUpakA abhAva anyonyAbhAva aura kAlika saMsargakA niSedha karanevAlA atyantAbhAva hotA hai / isa taraha jitane prakArake pratyaya padArthoM meM hote haiM, utane prakArake padArtha vaizeSikane mAne haiN| vaizeSikako 'sampratyayopAdhyAya' kahA gayA hai| usakA yahI artha hai ki vaizeSika pratyayake AdhArase padArthakI kalpanA karanevAlA upAdhyAya hai| parantu vicArakara dekhA jAya to guNa, kriyA, sAmAnya, vizeSa, samavAya aura abhAva ye saba dravyakI paryAyeM hI haiM / dravyake svarUpase bAhara guNAdiko koI sattA nahIM hai / dravyakA lakSaNa hai guNaparyAyavAlA honA / jJAnAdiguNoMkA AtmAse tathA rUpAdi guNoMkA pudgalase pRthak astitva na to dekhA hI jAtA hai, aura na yukti siddha hI hai / guNa aura guNIko, kriyA aura kriyAvAnko, sAmAnya aura sAmAnyavAnko, vizeSa aura nitya dravyoMko svayaM vaizeSika ayutasiddha mAnate haiM, arthAt ukta padArtha paraspara pRthaka nahIM kiye jA sakate / guNa Adiko chor3akara dravyakI apanI pRthak sattA kyA hai ? isI taraha dravyake binA guNAdi nirAdhAra kahA~ raheMge? inakA dravyake sAtha kathaMcit tAdAtmya sambandha hai| isIlie kahIM "guNasandrAvo dravyam" yaha bhI dravyakA lakSaNa milatA hai| eka hI dravya jisa prakAra aneka guNoMkA akhaNDa piNDa hai, usI taraha jo dravya sakriya hai unameM honevAlI kriyA bhI usI dravyakI paryAya hai, svataMtra nahIM hai| kriyA yA karma kriyAvAnase bhinna apanA astitva nahIM rkhte| isI taraha pRthvItvAdi bhinna dravyavartI sAmAnya sadRzapariNAmarUpa hI haiM / koI eka, nitya aura 1. tAmraparNIyA api hRdayavastu manovijJAnadhAtorAzrayaM kalpayanti / " -sphuTArtha abhi0, pR0 49 / 2. "SaNNAmanantarAtItaM vijJAnaM yaddhi tanmanaH |"-abhidhrmkosh 1 / 17 / 3. "guNaparyayavadravyam |"-tttvaarthsuutr 5 / 38 / 4. "anvartha khalvapi nirvacanaM guNasandrAvo dravyamiti |"-paat0 mahAbhASya 5 / 1 / 119 /

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304 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha vyApaka sAmAnya aneka dravyoMmeM motiyoMmeM sUtakI taraha piroyA huA nahIM hai| jina dravyoMmeM jisa rUpase sAdRzya pratIta hotA hai, una dravyoMkA vaha sAmAnya mAna liyA jAtA hai / vaha kevala buddhikalpita bhI nahIM hai, kintu sAdRzya rUpase vastuniSTha hai; aura vastukI taraha hI utpAdavinAzadhrauvyazAlI hai / samavAya sambandha hai / yaha jinameM hotA hai una donoM padArthoMkI hI paryAya hai / jJAnakA sambandha AtmAmeM mAnanekA yahI artha hai ki jJAna aura usakA sambandha AtmAkI hI sampatti hai, AtmAse bhinna usakI svatantra sattA nahIM hai| koI bhI sambandha apane sambandhiyoMkI avasthArUpa hI ho sakatA hai| do svatantra padArthomeM honevAlA saMyoga bhI domeM na rahakara pratyekameM rahatA hai, isakA saMyoga usameM aura usakA saMyoga isameM / yAne saMyoga pratyekaniSTha hokara bhI doke dvArA abhivyakta hotA hai| vizeSa padArthako svatantra mAnanekI AvazyakatA isalie nahIM hai ki jaba sabhI dravyoMkA apanA-apanA svatantra astitva hai, taba unameM vilakSaNapratyaya bhI apane nijI vyaktitvake kAraNa hI ho sakatA hai / jisa prakAra vizeSa padArthoM meM vilakSaNa pratyaya utpanna karaneke lie anya vizeSa padArthoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, vaha svayaM unake svarUpase hI ho jAtA hai, usI taraha dravyoMke nijarUpase hI vilakSaNapratyaya mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| isI taraha pratyeka dravyakI pUrvaparyAya usakA prAgabhAva hai, uttaraparyAya pradhvaMsAbhAva hai, pratiniyata nijasvarUpa anyonyAbhAva hai aura asaMsargIyarUpa atyantAbhAva hai / abhAva bhAvAntararUpa hotA hai, vaha apane meM koI svatantra padArtha nahIM hai / eka dravyakA apane svarUpameM sthira honA hI usameM pararUpakA abhAva hai / eka hI dravyakI do bhinna paryAyoMmeM paraspara abhAva-vyavahAra karAnA itaretarAbhAvakA kArya hai aura do dravyoMmeM paraspara abhAva atyantAbhAvase hotA hai / ataH guNAdi pRthak sattA rakhanevAle svatantra padArtha nahIM haiM, kintu dravyakI hI paryAyeM haiM / bhinna pratyayake AdhArase hI yadi padArthokI vyavasthA kI jAya; to padArthoM kI ginatI karanA hI kaThina hai| isI taraha avayavI dravyako avayavoMse judA mAnanA bhI pratItiviruddha hai| tantu Adi avayava hI amuka AkArameM pariNata hokara paTasaMjJA pA lete haiM / koI alaga paTa nAmakA avayavI tantu nAmaka avayavoMmeM samavAya-sambandhase rahatA ho, yaha anubhavagamya nahIM hai; kyoMki paTa nAmake avayavIkI sattA tanturUpa avayavoMse bhinna kahIM bhI aura kabhI bhI nahIM mAlama hotI / skandha avasthA paryAya hai, dravya nhiiN| jina miTTIke paramANuoMse ghar3A banatA hai, ve paramANu svayaM ghar3eke AkArako grahaNa kara lete haiM / ghar3A una paramANuoMkI sAmudAyika abhivyakti hai / aisA nahIM hai ki ghar3A pRthak avayavI banakara kahIMse A jAtA ho, kintu miTTI, ke paramANuoMkA amuka AkAra, amuka paryAya aura amuka prakArameM kramabaddha pariNamanoMkI ausatase hI ghaTake rUpameM ho jAtA hai aura ghaTavyavahArakI saMgati baiTha jAtI hai| ghaTa-avasthAko prApta paramANa dravyoMkA apanA nijI svatantra pariNamana bhI usa avasthAmeM barAbara cAla rahatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ghaTake amuka-amuka hissoMmeM rUpa, sparza aura TikAUpana AdikA antara dekhA jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki pratyeka paramANu apanA svatantra astitva aura svatantra pariNamana rakhanepara bhI sAmudAyika samAna pariNamanakI dhArAmeM apane vyaktigata pariNamanako vilIna-sA kara detA hai aura jaba taka yaha samAna pariNamanakI dhArA avayavabhUta paramANuoMmeM cAla rahatI hai, taba taka usa padArthakI eka-jaisI sthiti banI rahatI hai / jaise-jaise una paramANuoMmeM sAmudAyika dhArAse asahayoga prArambha hotA hai, vaise-vaise usa sAmudAyika abhivyaktimeM nyUnatA, zithilatA aura jIrNatA Adi rUpase vividhatA A calatI hai / tAtparya yaha ki mUlataH guNa aura paryAyoMkA AdhAra jo hotA hai vahI

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4 / viziSTa nibandha : 305 dravya kahalAtA aura usIkI sattA dravyarUpameM ginI jAtI hai| aneka dravyoMke samAna yA asamAna pariNamanoMkI ausatase jo vibhinna vyavahAra hote haiM, ve svatantra dravyako saMjJA nahIM pA sakate / jina paramANuoMse ghaTa banatA hai una paramANuoMmeM ghaTa nAmake niraMza avayavIko svIkAra karane meM anekoM dUSaNa Ate haiN| yathA-niraMza avayavI apane avayavoMmeM ekadezase rahatA hai, yA sarvAtmanA ? yadi ekadezase rahatA hai; to jitane avayava haiM, utane ho deza avayavIke mAnanA hoMge / yadi sarvAtmanA pratyeka avayavameM rahatA hai; to jitane avayava hai utane ho avayavI ho jaayege| yadi avayavI niraMza hai; to vastrAdike eka hisseko DhaMkanepara sampUrNa vastra DhaMkA jAnA cAhiye aura eka avayava meM kriyA hone para pUre avayavoMmeM kriyA honI cAhie, kyoMki avayavI niraMza hai / yadi avayavI atirikta hai; to cAra chaTA~ka sUtase taiyAra hue vastrakA vajana bar3ha jAnA cAhiye, para aisA dekhA nahIM jAtA / vastrake eka aMzake phaTa jAnepara phira utane paramANuoMse naye avayavIkI utpatti mAnane meM kalpanAgaurava aura pratItibAdhA hai, kyoMki jaba pratisamaya kapar3akA upacaya aura apacaya hotA hai taba pratikSaNa naye avayavIkI utpatti mAnanA pdd'egii| __ vaizeSikakA ATha, nava, dasa Adi kSaNoMmeM paramANuko kriyA, saMyoga Adi kramase avayavIkI utpatti aura vinAzakA varNana eka prakriyAmAtra hai| vastutaH jaise-jaise kAraNakalApa milate jAte haiM, vaise-vaise una paramANuoMke saMyoga aura viyogase usa-usa prakArake AkAra aura prakAra banate ora bigar3ate rahate haiN| paramANuoMse lekara ghaTa taka aneka svataMtra avayaviyoMkI utpatti aura vinAzakI prakriyAse to yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki jo drabya pahale nahIM haiM, ve utpanna hote haiM aura naSTa hote haiM, jabaki kisI naye dravyakA utpAda aura usakA sadAke lie vinAza vastusiddhAntake pratikUla hai / yaha to saMbhava hai aura pratItisiddha hai ki una-una paramANuoMkI vibhinna avasthAoMmeM piNDa, sthAsa, koza, kuzUla Adi vyavahAra hote hue pUrNa kalaza-avasthAmeM ghaTavyavahAra ho / isameM kisI naye dravyake utpAda bAta nahIM hai, aura na vajana bar3hanekI bAta hai| yaha ThIka hai ki pratyeka paramANu jaladhAraNa nahIM kara sakatA aura ghaTameM jala bharA jA sakatA hai, para itane mAtrAse use pRthaka dravya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / ye to paramANuoMke viziSTa saMgaThanake kArya haiM; jo usa prakArake saMgaThana honepara svataH hote haiM / eka paramANu A~khase nahIM dikhAI detA, para amuka paramANukA samudAya jaba viziSTa avasthAko prApta ho jAtA hai, to vaha dikhAI dene lagatA hai / snigdhatA aura rUkSatAke kAraNa paramANuoMke aneka prakArake sambandha hote rahate haiM, jo apanI dRr3hatA aura zithilatAke anusAra adhika TikAU yA kama TikAU hote haiM / skandha-avasthAmeM cUMki paramANuoMkA svatantra dravyatva naSTa nahIM hotA, ataH una-una hissoMke paramANuoMmeM pRthak rUpa aura rasAdikA pariNamana bhI hotA jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki eka kapar3A kisI hisse meM adhika mailA, kisImeM kama malA aura kisImeM ujalA banA rahatA hai| ..yaha avazya svIkAra karanA hogA ki jo paramANu kisI sthala ghaTa Adi kArya rUpase pariNata hae haiM, ve apanI paramANu-avasthAko chor3akara skandha-avasthAko prApta hue hai| yaha skandha-avasthA kisI naye dravyakI nahIM, kintu una sabhI paramANuoMkI avasthAoMkA yoga hai| yadi paramANaoMko sarvathA pRthak aura sadA paramANurUpa hI svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, to jisa prakAra eka paramANu A~khoMse nahIM dikhAI detA usI taraha saikar3oM paramANuoMke ati-samIpa rakhe rahanepara bhI, ve indriyoMke gocara nahIM ho sakeMge / amuka skandha-avasthAmeM Anepara unheM apanI adRzyatAko tyAgakara dRzyatA svIkAra karanI hI caahie| kisI bhI vastuko majabUtI yA kamajorI usake ghaTaka avayavoMke dRr3ha aura zithila baMdhake Upara nirbhara karatI hai| ve hI paramANu loheke skandhakI avasthAko prAptakara kaThora aura cirasthAyI banate haiM, jabaki rUI avasthA mudu aura acira 4-39

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306 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha sthAyI rahate haiN| yaha saba to unake bandhake prakAroMse hotA rahatA hai| yaha to samajhameM AtA hai ki pratyeka pudgala paramANu-dravyameM pudgalakI sabhI zaktiyAM hoM, aura vibhinna skandhoMmeM unakA nyUnAdhikarUpameM aneka tarahakA vikAsa ho| ghaTameM hI jala bharA jAtA hai kapaDe meM nahIM, yadyapi paramANa donoM meM hI haiM aura paramANaoMse donoM hI bane haiM / vahI paramANu candana-avasthAmeM zItala hote haiM aura ve hI jaba agnikA nimitta pAkara Aga bana jAte haiM, taba anya lakar3iyoMkI AgakI taraha dAhaka hote haiM / pudgaladravyoMke paraspara nyUnAdhika sambandhase honevAle pariNamanoMkI na koI ginatI nirdhArita hai aura na AkAra aura prakAra hii| kisI bhI paryAyakI ekarUpatA aura cirasthAyitA usake pratisamayabhAvI samAnapariNamanoMpara nirbhara karatI hai / jaba taka usake ghaTaka paramANuoMmeM samAnaparyAya hotI rahegI, taba taka vaha vastu eka-so rahegI aura jyoM hI kucha paramANuoMmeM paristhitike anusAra asamAna pariNamana zurU hogA; taise hI vastuke AkAra-prakArameM vilakSaNatA AtI jAyagI / Ajake vijJAnase jaldI sar3anevAle Alako baraphameM yA baddhavAyu ( Airtite ) meM rakhakara jaldI sar3anese bacA liyA hai| tAtparya yaha ki satata gatizIla pudgala-paramANaoMke AkAra aura prakArakI sthiratA yA asthiratAkI koI nizcita javAbadArI nahIM lI jA sakatI / yaha to paristhiti aura vAtAvaraNapara nirbhara hai ki ve kaba, kahA~ aura kaise rheN| kisI lambe-caur3e skandhake amuka bhAgake kucha paramANu yadi vidroha karake skandhatvako kAyama rakhanevAlI pariNatiko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM to usa bhAgameM turanta vilakSaNatA A jAtI hai / isIlie sthAyI skandha taiyAra karaneke samaya isa bAtakA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai ki una paramANuoMkA paraspara ekarasa milAva huA hai yA nhiiN| jaisA mAvA taiyAra hogA vaisA hI to kAgaja banegA / ataH na to paramANuoMko sarvathA nitya yAnI aparivartanazIla mAnA jA sakatA hai aura na itanA svatantra pariNamana karanevAle ki jisase eka samAna paryAyakA vikAsa hI na ho sake / avayavIkA svarUpa yadi bauddhoMkI taraha atyanta samIpa rakhe hue kintu paraspara asambaddha paramANuoMkA puJja hI sthala pATi rUpase pratibhAsita hotA hai. yaha mAnA jAya: to binA sambandhake tathA sthala AkArakI hI vaha aNupuJja skandha rUpase kaise pratibhAsita ho sakatA hai ? yaha kevala bhrama nahIM hai, kintu prakRtikI prayogazAlAmeM honevAlA vAstavika rAsAyanika mizraNa hai, jisameM sabhI paramANu badalakara eka naI ho avasthAko dhAraNa kara rahe haiN| yadyapi 'tattvasaMgraha' (pR0 195 ) meM yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki paramANuoMmeM viziSTa avasthAkI prApti ho jAnese ve sthalarUpameM indriyagrAhya hote haiM, to bhI jaba sambandhakA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai, taba isa 'viziSTa avasthAprApti' kA kyA artha ho sakatA hai ? antataH usakA yahI artha sambhava hai ki jo paramANu paraspara vilaga aura atIndriya the ve hI parasparabaddha aura indriyagrAhya bana jAte hai / isa prakArakI pariNatike mAne binA bAlake puJjane ghaTake paramANuoMke sambandhameM koI vizeSatA nahIM batAI jA sktii| paramANuoMmeM jaba snigdhatA aura rUkSatAke kAraNa amuka prakArake rAsAyanika bandhake rUpa meM sambandha hotA hai, tabhI ve paramANa skandha-avasthAko dhAraNa kara sakate haiM; kevala paraspara nirantara avasthita honeke kAraNa hI nhiiN| yaha ThIka hai ki usa prakArakA bandha honepara bhI koI nayA dravya utpanna nahIM hotA, para naI avasthA to utpanna hotI hI hai, aura vaha aisI avasthA hai, jo kevala sAdhAraNa saMyogase janya nahIM hai, kinta vizeSa prakArake ubhayapAriNAmika rAsAyanika bandhase utpanna hotI hai| paramANaoMke saMyoga-sambandha aneka prakArake hote haiM-kahIM mAtra pradezasaMyoga hotA hai, kahIM niviDa, kahI zithila aura kahIM rAsAyanika bandharUpa /

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4| viziSTa nibandha : 307 bandha-avasthAmeM hI skandhakI utpatti hotI hai aura acAkSuSa skandhako cAkSuSa bananeke lie dUsare skandhake viziSTa saMyogakI usa rUpameM AvazyakatA hai. jisa rUpase vaha usakI sUkSmatAkA vinAzakara sthalatA lA sake; yAnI jo skandha yA paramANu apanI sakSma avasthAkA tyAgakara sthUla avasthAko dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha indriyagamya ho sakatA hai / pratyeka paramANu meM akhaNDatA aura avibhAgitA honepara bhI yaha khuzI to avazya hai ki apanI svAbhAvika lacakake kAraNa ve eka dUsareko sthAna de dete hai, aura asaMkhya paramANu milAkara apane sakSma pariNamanarUpa svabhAvake kAraNa thor3I-sI jagahameM samA jAte haiM / paramANuoMkI saMkhyAkA adhika honA hI sthalatAkA kAraNa nahIM / bahutase kamasaMkhyAvAle paramANu bhI apane sthala pariNamanake dvArA sthala skandha bana jAte haiM, jaba ki unase kaI gune paramANu kArmaNa zarIra AdimeM sUkSma pariNamanake dvArA indriyaagrAhya skandhake rUpameM hI raha jAte haiM / tAtparya yaha ki indriyagrAhyatAke lie paramANuoMkI saMkhyA apekSita nahIM hai, kintu unakA amuka rUpameM sthala pariNamana hI vizeSarUpase apekSaNIya hotA hai| ye aneka prakArake bandha paramANuoMke apane snigdha aura rUkSa svabhAvake kAraNa pratikSaNa hote rahate haiM, aura paramANuoMke apane nijI pariNamanoMke yogase usa skandhase rUpAdikA tAratamya ghaTita ho jAtA hai| eka sthala skandhameM saikar3oM prakArake bandhavAle choTe-choTe avayava-skandha zAmila rahate haiM; aura unameM pratisamaya kisI avayavakA TUTanA, nayekA jur3anA tathA aneka prakArake upacaya-apacayarUpa parivartana hote haiM / yaha nizcita hai ki skandha-avasthA binA rAsAyanika bandhake nahIM hotii| yoM sAdhAraNa saMyogake AdhArase bhI eka sthUla pratIti hotI hai aura usameM vyavahArake lie naI saMjJA bhI kara lI jAtI hai, para itanemAtrase skandha avasthA nahIM bntii| isa rAsAyanika bandhake lie puruSakA prayatna bhI kvacit kAma karatA hai aura binA prayatna ke bhI anekoM bandha prApta sAmagrIke anusAra hote haiM / puruSakA prayatna unameM sthAyitA aura sundaratA tathA vizeSa AkAra utpanna karatA hai| saikar3oM prakArake bhautika AviSkAra isI prakArakI prakriyAke asaMkhyAta pradezI lokameM ananta pudgala paramANuoMkA samA jAnA AkAzakI avagAhazakti aura pudgalANuoMke sUkSmapariNamanake kAraNa sambhava ho jAtA hai| kitanI bhI susambaddha lakar3ImeM kIla ThokI jA sakatI hai / pAnImeM hAthIkA DUba jAnA hamArI pratItikA viSaya hotA hI hai| paramANuoMkI ananta zaktiyA~ acintya haiN| Ajake eTama bamane usakI bhISaNa saMhAraka zaktikA kucha anubhava to hama logoMko karA hI diyA hai| guNa Adi dravyarUpa hI haiM pratyeka dravya sAmAnyatayA yadyapi akhaNDa hai, parantu vaha aneka sahabhAvI guNoMkA abhinna AdhAra hotA hai| ataH usameM guNakRta vibhAga kiyA jA sakatA hai / eka pudgalaparamANu yugapat rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi aneka guNoMkA AdhAra hotA hai / pratyeka guNakA bhI pratisamaya pariNamana hotA hai| guNa aura dravyakA kathaJcit tAdAtmya sambandha hai| dravyase guNa pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, isalie vaha abhinna hai| aura saMjJA, saMkhyA, prayojana Adike bhedase usakA vibhinnarUpase nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai; ataH vaha bhinna hai| isa dRSTise dravyameM jitane guNa haiM, utane utpAda aura vyaya pratisamaya hote haiN| hara guNa apanI pUrva paryAyako chor3akara uttara paryAyako dhAraNa karatA hai, para ve saba haiM apRthaksattAka hI, unakI dravyasattA eka hai / bArIkose dekhA jAya to paryAya aura guNako chor3akara dravyakA koI pRthak astitva nahIM hai, yAnI guNa aura paryAya hI dravya hai aura paryAyoMmeM parivartana honepara bhI jo eka avicchinnatAkA niyAmaka aMza hai, vahI to guNa

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308 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha hai| hA~, guNa apanI paryAyoMmeM sAmAnya ekarUpatAke prayojaka hote haiM / jisa samaya pudgalANu meM rUpa apanI kisI naI paryAyako letA hai, usI samaya rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi bhI badalate haiM / isa taraha pratyeka dravyameM pratisamaya guNakRta aneka utpAda aura vyaya hote haiN| ye saba usa guNakI sampatti ( Property ) yA svarUpa haiN| rUpAdi guNa prAtibhAsika nahIM haiM eka pakSa yaha bhI hai ki paramANameM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi guNoMkI sattA nahIM hai| vaha to eka aisA avibhAgI padArtha hai, jo A~khoMse rUpa, jIbhase rasa, nAkase gandha aura hAtha Adise sparza ke rUpameM jAnA jAtA hai, yAnI vibhinna indriyoMke dvArA usameM rUpAdi guNoMkI pratIti hotI hai, vastutaH usameM ina guNoMkI sattA nahIM hai| kintu yaha eka moTA siddhAnta hai ki indriyAM jAnanevAlI haiM, guNoMkI utpAdaka nhiiN| jisa samaya hama kisI Amako dekha rahe haiM, usa samaya usameM rasa, gandha yA sparza hai hI nahIM, yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| hamAre na sUMghanepara bhI usameM gandha hai aura na cakhane aura na chunepara bhI usameM rasa aura sparza hai. bAta pratidinake anubhava kI hai. ise samajhAnekI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isa taraha cetana AtmAmeM eka sAtha jJAna, sukha, zakti, vizvAsa, dhairya aura sAhasa Adi anekoM guNoMkA yugapat sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai, aura inakA pratikSaNa parivartana hote hue bhI usameM eka avicchinnatA banI rahatI hai| caitanya inhIM aneka rUpoMmeM vikasita hotA hai / isIliye guNoMko sahabhAvI aura anvayI batAyA hai, paryAyeM vyatirekI aura kramabhAvI hotI haiM / ve inhIM guNoMke vikAra yA pariNAma hotI hai / eka cetana dravyameM jisa kSaNa jJAnako amuka paryAya ho rahI hai, usI kSaNa darzana, sukha aura zakti Adi aneka guNa apanI-apanI paryAyoMke rUpase barAbara pariNata ho rahe haiM / yadyapi ina samasta guNoM meM eka caitanya anusyata hai; phira bhI yaha nahIM hai ki eka hI caitanya svayaM nirguNa hokara vividha guNoMke rUpameM kevala pratibhAsita ho jAtA ho| guNoMkI apanI sthiti svayaM hai aura yahI ekasattAka guNa aura paryAya dravya kahalAte haiN| dravya inase judA koI svatantra padArtha nahIM hai, kintu inhIM sabakA tAdAtmya hai| guNa kevala dRSTi-sRSTi nahIM haiM ki apanI-apanI bhAvanAke anusAra usa dravyameM kabhI pratibhAsita ho jAte hoM aura pratibhAsake bAda yA pahale astitva-vihIna hoN| isa taraha pratyeka cetana-acetana dravyameM apane sahabhAvI guNoMke pariNamanake rUpameM anekoM utpAda aura vyaya svabhAvase hote haiM aura dravya unhIM meM apanI akhaNDa anusyUta sattA rakhatA hai, yAnI akhaNDa-sattAvAle guNa-paryAya hI dravya hai / guNa pratisamaya kisI-na-kisI paryAya rUpase pariNata hogA hI aura aise aneka guNa anantakAla taka jisa eka akhaNDa sattAse anusyata rahate hai, vaha dravya hai / dravyakA artha hai, una-una kramabhAvI paryAyoMko prApta honA / aura isa taraha pratyeka guNa bhI dravya kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha apanI kramabhAvI paryAyoMmeM anusyUta rahatA hI hai, kintu isa prakAra guNameM aupacArika dravyatA hI banatI hai, mukhya nhiiN| eka dravyase tAdAtmya rakhaneke kAraNa sabhI guNa eka tarahase dravya hI haiM, para isakA yaha artha kadApi nahIM hai ki pratyeka guNa utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya svarUpa sat honeke kAraNa svayaM eka paripUrNa dravya hotA hai / arthAt guNa vastutaH dravyAMza kahe jA sakate haiM, dravya nhiiN| yaha aMzakalpanA bhI vastusthitipara pratiSThita hai, kevala samajhAne ke lie hI nahIM hai| isa taraha dravya guNa-paryAyoMkA eka akhaNDa, tAdAtmya rakhanevAlA aura apane haraeka pradezameM sampUrNa guNoMkI sattAkA AdhAra hotA hai| . isa vivecanakA yaha phalitArtha hai ki eka dravya aneka utpAda aura vyayoMkA aura guNarUpase dhrauvyakA yugapata AdhAra hotA hai| yaha apane vibhinna guNa aura paryAyoMmeM jisa prakArakA vAstavika tAdAtmya rakhatA hai,

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4/ viziSTa nibandha : 309 usa prakArakA tAdAtmya do dravyoMmeM nahIM ho sktaa| ataH aneka vibhinna sattAke paramANu oMke bandha-kAlameM jo skandha-avasthA hotI hai, vaha unhIM paramANaoMke sadaza pariNamanakA yoga hai, unameM koI eka nayA dravya nahIM AtA, apitu viziSTa avasthAko prApta ve paramANu hI vibhinna skandhoMke rUpa meM vyavahRta hote haiM / yaha viziSTa avasthA unakI kathaJcit ekatva-pariNatirUpa hai| kAryotpatti vicAra sAMkhyakA satkAryavAda kAryotpattike sambandhameM mukhyatayA tIna vAda haiN| pahalA satkAryavAda, dUsarA asatkAryavAda aura tIsarA sat-asatkAryavAda / sAMkhya satkAryavAdI haiM / unakA yaha Azaya hai ki pratyeka kAraNameM usase utpanna honevAle kAryoMkI sattA hai kyoMki sarvathA asat kAryakI kharaviSANakI taraha utpatti nahIM ho sktii| gehU~ke aMkurake lie gehU~ke bIjako hI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, yavAdike bIjako nhiiN| ataH jJAta hotA hai ki upAdAnameM kAryakA sadbhAva hai / jagatmeM saba kAraNoMse saba kArya paidA nahIM hote, kintu pratiniyata kAraNoMse pratiniyata kArya hote haiM / isakA sIdhA artha hai ki jina kAraNoMmeM jina kAryoMkA sadbhAva hai, ve hI unase paidA hote haiM, anya nahIM / isI taraha samartha bhI kAraNa zakya ho kAryako paidA karatA hai, azakyako nahIM / yaha zakyatA kAraNameM kAryake sadabhAvake sivAya aura kyA ho sakatI hai ? aura yadi kAraNameM kAryakA tAdAtmya svIkAra na kiyA jAya to saMsArameM koI kisIkA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA / kAryakAraNabhAva svayaM hI kAraNameM kisI rUpase kAryakA sadbhAva siddha kara detA hai| sabhI kArya pralayakAlameM kisI eka kAraNameM lIna ho jAte haiN| ve jisameM lIna hote haiM, usameM unakA sadbhAva kisI rUpase rahA AtA hai| ye kAraNoMmeM kAryakI sattA zaktirUpase mAnate haiM, abhivyaktirUpase nhiiN| inakA kAraNatattva eka pradhAna-prakRti hai, usIse saMsArake samasta kAryabheda utpanna ho jAte haiN| naiyAyikakA asatkAryavAda naiyAyikAdi asatkAryavAdI haiN| inakA yaha matalaba hai ki jo skandha paramANuoMke saMyogase utpanna hotA hai vaha eka nayA hI avayavI dravya hai| una paramANuoMke saMyogake bikhara jAnepara vaha naSTa ho jAtA hai| utpattike pahale usa avayavI dravyakI koI sattA nahIM thii| yadi kAryakI sattA kAraNameM svIkRta ho to kAryako apane AkAra-prakArameM usI samaya milanA cAhie thA, para aisA dekhA nahIM jAtA / avayava dravya aura avayavI dravya yadyapi bhinna dravya hai, kintu unakA kSetra pRthak nahIM hai, ve ayutasiddha hai / kahIM bhI avayavIkI upalabdhi yadi hotI hai, to vaha kevala avayavoMmeM hii| avayavoMse bhinna arthAt avayavoMse pRthak avayavIko judA nikAlakara nahIM dikhAyA jA sktaa| bauddhoMkA asatkAryavAda bauddha pratikSaNa nayA utpAda mAnate haiN| unakI daSTimeM pUrva aura uttarake sAtha vartamAnakA koI sambandha nahIM / jisa kAlameM jahA~ jo hai, vaha vahIM aura usI kAlameM naSTa ho jAtA hai / sadRzatA hI kArya-kAraNa bhAva Adi vyavahAroMkI niyAmikA hai / vastutaH do kSaNoMkA paraspara koI vAstavika sambandha nahIM hai| .... 1. "asadakaraNAdupAdAnagrahaNAt sarvasambhavAbhAvAt / kAraNakAryavibhAgAdavibhAgAta vaishvruupysy|" -sAMkhyakA0 9 /

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310 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcAryaM smRti grantha jainadarzanakA sadasatkAryavAda jainadarzana 'sadasatkAryavAdI' hai / usakA siddhAnta hai ki pratyeka padArtha meM mUlabhUta dravyayogyatAe~ honepara bhI kucha tatparyAya yogyatAe~ bhI hotI haiM / ye paryAyayogyatAe~ mUla dravyayogyatAoMse bAhara kI nahIM haiM, kintu unhIMmeMse vizeSa avasthAoM meM sAkSAt vikAsako prApta honevAlI haiM / jaise miTTIrUpa pudgala ke paramANuoM meM pudgalakI ghaTa-paTa AdirUpase pariNamana karanekI sabhI dravyayogyatAe~ haiM, para miTTIkI tatparyAyayogyatA ghaTako hI sAkSAt utpanna kara sakatI hai, paTa Adiko nahIM / tAtparya yaha hai ki kArya apane kAraNadravyameM dravyayogyatA ke sAtha hI tatparyAyayogyatA yA zaktike rUpameM rahatA hai| yAnI usakA astitva yogyatA arthAt dravyarUpase hI hai, paryAyarUpase nahIM hai / sAMkhya yahA~ kAraNadravya to kevala eka 'pradhAna' hI hai, jisameM jagat ke samasta kAryoMke utpAdanakI zakti hai / aisI dazAmeM jabaki usameM zaktirUpase saba kArya maujUda haiM, taba amuka samayameM amuka hI kArya utpanna ho yaha vyavasthA nahIM bana sakatI / kAraNake eka honepara parasparavirodhI aneka kAryoMkI yugapat utpatti sambhava hI nahIM hai / ataH sAMkhyake yaha kahane kA koI vizeSa artha nahIM rahatA ki 'kAraNameM kArya zaktirUpase hai, vyaktirUpase nahIM', kyoMki zaktirUpase to saba saba jagaha maujUda hai / 'pradhAna' cUMki vyApaka aura niraMza hai, ataH usase eka sAtha vibhinna dezoMmeM paraspara virodhI aneka kAryoMkA AvirbhAva honA pratItiviruddha hai| sIdhA prazna to yaha hai ki jaba sarvazaktimAn 'pradhAna' nAmakA kAraNa sarvatra maujUda hai, to miTTI ke piNDase ghaTakI taraha kapar3A aura pustaka kyoM nahIM utpanna hote ? jainadarzanakA uttara to spaSTa hai ki miTTIke paramANuoMmeM yadyapi pustaka aura paTarUpase pariNamana karanekI mUla dravyayogyatA hai, kintu miTTIkI piNDarUpa paryAya meM sAkSAt kapar3A aura pustaka banAnekI tatparyAyayogyatA nahIM hai, isalie miTTIkA piNDa pustaka yA kapar3A nahIM bana pAtA / phira kAraNa dravya bhI eka nahIM, aneka haiM; ataH sAmagrI ke anusAra paraspara viruddha aneka kAryoMkA yugapat utpAda bana jAtA hai / mahattA tatparyAyayogyatA kI hai / jisa kSaNa meM kAraNadravyoM meM jitanI tatparyAyayogyatAe~ hoMgI unameMse kisI ekakA vikAsa prApta kAraNasAmagrI ke anusAra ho jAtA hai / puruSakA prayatna use iSTa AkAra aura prakAra meM pariNata karAneke lie vizeSa sAdhaka hotA hai / upAdAnavyavasthA isI tatparyAyayogyatA ke AdhArapara hotI mAtra dravyayogyatAke AdhArase nahIM; kyoMki dravyayogyatA to gehU~ aura kodoM donoM bIjoMke paramANuoM meM sabhI aMkuroM ko paidA karanekI samAnarUpase hai parantu tatparyAyayogyatA kodoMke bIjameM kodoMke aMkurako hI utpanna karane kI hai / tathA gehU~ke bIjameM gehU~ke aMkurako hI utpanna karane kI hai| isIlie bhinna-bhinna kAryoMkI utpattike lie bhinna-bhinna upAdAnoMkA grahaNa hotA hai / dharmakIrti AkSepakA samAdhAna ataH bauddhakA' yaha dUSaNa ki "dahIko khAo, yaha kahanepara vyakti U~Tako kyoM nahIM khAne daur3atA ? jabaki dahI aura U~Take pudgaloM meM pudgaladravyarUpase koI bheda nahIM hai / " ucita mAlUma nahIM hotA; kyoMki jagatkA vyavahAramAtra dravya-yogyatAse nahIM calatA, kintu tatparyAyayogyatAse calatA hai / U~Take zarIrake pudgala aura 1. sarvasyobhayarUpatve tadvizeSanirAkRteH / codito dadhi khAdeti kimuSTraM nAbhidhAvati // " -pramANavA0 3 / 181

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4 / viziSTa nibandha : 311 dahIke pudgala, dravyarUpase samAna honepara bhI 'eka' nahIM haiM aura caki ve sthala paryAyarUpase bhI apanA paraspara bheda rakhate haiM tathA unakI tatparyAyayogyatAe~ bhI judI-judI hai, ataH dahI hI khAyA jAtA hai, U~TakA zarIra nahIM / sAMkhyake matase yaha samAdhAna nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki jaba eka hI pradhAna dahI aura U~Ta donoM rUpase vikasita huA hai, taba unameM bhedakA niyAmaka kyA hai ? eka tattvameM eka hI samaya vibhinna dezoMmeM vibhinna prakArake pariNamana nahIM ho sakate / isI taraha yadi ghaTa avayavI aura usake utpAdaka miTTIke paramANu paraspara sarvathA vibhinna haiM: to kyA niyAmaka hai jo ghar3A vahIM utpanna ho anyatra nahIM ? pratiniyata kArya-kAraNa kI vyavasthAke lie kAraNameM yogyatA yA zaktirUpase kAryakA sadbhAva mAnanA Avazyaka hai| yAnI kAraNameM kAryotpAdAnakI yogyatA yA zakti rahanI hI cAhie / yogyatA, zakti aura sAmarthya Adi ekajAtIya mUladravyoM meM samAna honepara bhI vibhinna avasthAoMmeM unakI sImA niyata ho jAtI hai aura isI niyatatAke kAraNa jagatmeM aneka prakArake kAryakAraNabhAva banate haiN| yaha to huI aneka pudgaladravyoMke saMyukta skandha kI bAta / eka dravyakI apanI kramika avasthAoMmeM amuka uttara paryAyakA utpanna honA kevala dravyayogyatApara hI nirbhara nahIM karatA, kintu kAraNabhUta paryAyakI tatparyAya-yogyatApara bhI / pratyeka dravyake pratisamaya svabhAvataH utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya rUpase pariNAmI honeke kAraNa sArI vyavasthAe~ sadasatkAryavAdake AdhArase jama jAtI haiN| vivakSita kArya apane kAraNameM kAryAkArase asat hokara bhI yogyatA yA zaktike rUpameM sat hai / yadi kAraNadravyameM vaha zakti na hotI to usase vaha kArya utpanna ho nahIM ho sakatA thaa| eka avicchinna pravAhameM calanevAlI dhArAbaddha paryAyoMkA paraspara aisA koI viziSTa sambandha to honA hI cAhie, jisake kAraNa apanI pUrva paryAya hI apanI uttara paryAyameM upAdAna kAraNa ho sake, dUsarekI uttara paryAyameM nahIM / yaha anubhavasiddha vyavasthA na to sAMkhyake satkAryavAdameM sambhava hai, aura na bauddha tathA naiyAyika Adike asatkAryavAdameM hii| sAMkhyake pakSa meM kAraNake eka honese itanI abhinnatA hai ki kAryabhedako siddha karanA asambhava hai, aura bauddhoMke yahA~ itanI bhinnatA hai ki amuka kSaNake sAtha amuka kSaNakA upAdAna-upAdeyabhAva bananA kaThina hai| isI taraha naiyAyikoMke avayavI dravyakA amuka avayavoMke hI sAtha samavAyasambandha siddha karanA isalie kaThina hai ki unameM paraspara atyanta bheda mAnA gayA hai / isa taraha jainadarzanameM ye jIvAdi chaha dravya pramANake prameya mAne gaye haiN| ye sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka aura guNaparyAyAtmaka hai / guNa aura paryAya dravyase kathaJcittAdAtmya sambandha rakhaneke kAraNa sat to hai, para ve dravya kI taraha maulika nahIM hai, kintu dravyAMza haiN| ye hI anekAntAtmaka padArtha prameya haiM aura inhIMke eka-eka dharmoMmeM nayoMkI pravRtti hotI hai| jainadarzanakI dRSTimeM dravya hI ekamAtra maulika padArtha hai, zeSa guNa, karma, sAmAnya, samavAya Adi usI dravyakI paryAyeM haiM, svataMtra padArtha nahIM haiN|