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________________ sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra meM pratyakSa pramANa DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya pravaktA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI...by tattvArthAdhigamasUtra-bhASya vAcaka umAsvAti (I. san 365- uttarArddha) dvArA uddhRta tattvArtha ke eka sUtra, 400) dvArA racita svopajJa kRti hai| tattvArthAdhigamasUtra jaina 'tahagiddhapiMchAiriyAppayAsida taccatthasuttevi vartanA pariNAmakriyAH Agamika-dArzanika sAhitya kA eka atyaMta mahattvapUrNa grantha paratvA paratve ca kAlasya',2 vidyAnanda (9vIM zatI uttarArddha) dvArA hai| pUre jaina vAGmaya meM yadi koI eka grantha cunanA ho jo unake tattvArthazlokavArtika meM 'etena gRddhapicchAcAryaparyanta jainadarzana ke lagabhaga pratyeka AyAma para prakAza DAlatA ho to munisUtreNa vyabhicAratA nirastA' ke AdhAra para tattvArtha ke kartA vaha vAcaka umAsvAti-racita tattvArthAdhigamasUtra hI hai, jise jaina ke rUpa meM 'gRdhrapiccha' kA ullekha evaM vAdirAjasUri dvArA pArzvanAtha vAGmaya kA prathama saMskRta grantha hone kA gaurava bhI prApta hai| carita meM gRdhrapiccha nato'smi kie gae ina tIna ullekhoM ko sUtrazaulI meM nibaddha dazAdhyAyAtmaka isa laghukAya grantha meM AcArya apanA AdhAra banAyA hai| inameM do pramANa navIM zatI ke uttarArddha umAsvAti ne samasta jaina-tattvajJAna ko saMkSepa meM gAgara meM sAgara evaM eka pramANa gyArahavIM zatI kA hai| paraMtu jahA~ digaMbara paraMparA kI taraha bhara diyA hai jo unakI asAdhAraNa prajJA, kSamatA evaM meM tattvArtha ke kartA ke rUpa meM 9vIM zatI ke uttarArddha se gRdhrapicchAcArya unake vizAla jJAnabhaMDAra kA paricAyaka hai| jaina paraMparA ke sabhI ke aura 13vIM zatI se 'gRdhrapiccha umAsvAti' aise ullekha saMpradAyoM meM isa grantha ko samAnarUpa se mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA milate haiM, vahA~ zvetAmbara paraMparA meM tattvArthabhASya (tIsarI-cauthI hai| zvetAmbara evaM digaMbara donoM sampradAyoM ke AcAryoM ne isa grantha zatI) tathA siddhasenagaNi (8vIM zatI) aura haribhadra (8vIM zatI) para bhASya, vRttiyA~ evaM TIkAe~ likhIM tathA sUtroM kA avalambana kI prAcIna TIkAoM meM bhI usake kartA ke rUpa meM umAsvAti lekara apane-apane abhISTa matapradarzaka katipaya siddhAnta kA spaSTa nirdeza pAyA jAtA hai| yahI nahIM, unake vAcaka vaMza aura pratiphalita kie| paraMtu isa sabake bAvajUda eka vastu nirvivAda uccairnAgara zAkhA kA bhI ullekha hai, jise zvetAmbara paraMparA apanA rahI hai aura vaha hai grantha kI lokpriytaa| mAnatI hai| tattvArthasUtra ke kartA umAsvAti hI haiM aura gRdhrapiccha tattvArthAdhigamasUtra kA saMkalana Agamika dRSTi se jitanA unakA vizeSaNa hai isa bAta ko digambara vidvAn paM. jugalakizora adhika saMdara aura AkarSaka haA hai. usake racayitA ke viSaya mukhtAra ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai / paM. nAthUrAma premI jaise taTastha meM utanA hI adhika vivAda hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja bhI isa vidvAnoM ne bhI tattvArthabhASya ko svopajJa mAnakara usake kartA ke grantha ke raciyatA umAsvAti haiM yA umAsvAmI yA gRdhrapiccha isako rUpa meM umAsvAti ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| paM. phUlacaMda zAstrI lekara vivAda kAyama hai| usI prakAra tattvArthAdhigama sUtrabhASya saMbhavata: isa bhaya ke kAraNa ki tattvArtha ke kartA umAsvAti ko racanA ko lekara bhI vivAda ke bAdala pUrvavat chAye hue haiN| svIkAra karane para kahIM bhASya ko bhI svopajJa na mAnanA par3e, usake kartA ke rUpa meM gRdhrapicchAcArya kA ullekha kiyA hai| tattvArthAdhimagasUtra aura usake svopajJabhASya ke kartA ke ata: yaha spaSTa hai ki tattvArdhAdhigamasUtrabhASya vAcaka umAsvAti rUpa meM umAsvAti kA nAma sAmAnyatayA zvetAmbara paraMparA meM dvArA racita prastuta zAstra para unhIM kI svopajJa kRti hai| sarvamAnya hai| kintu paM. phUlacaMdajI siddhAntazAstrI prabhRti digambara vidvAnoM ne tattvArtha ke kartA ke rUpa meM umAsvAti ke sthAna para cU~ki hamArA mukhya vivecya grantha kA kartA aura usakA samaya gRdhrapicchAcArya ko svIkAra kiyA hai| unake zabdoM meM vAcaka nahIM hai, isalie ina vivAdoM meM na par3akara apane mUla vivecya umAsvAti ne tattvArthAdhigama kI racanA kI thI kintu yaha nAma tattvArthAdhigamasUtrabhASya ke anusAra pratyakSa pramANa kA vivecana kreNge| tattvArthasUtra kA na hokara tattvArtha ke bhASya kA hai| isa sandarbha meM dArzanika ciMtanadhArA meM pramANa ko eka atyaMta vicAragarbha unhoMne SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalATIkA meM vIrasena (9vIM zatI viSaya mAnA gayA hai| isIlie sabhI dArzanika nikAyoM meM pramANa
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smArakagrantha - jaina darzadA ko lekara vistRta vicAra huA hai| 'pramIyate'neneti pramANam' pramANa hai, indiyA~ nahIM, kyoMki heya yA upAdeya vastu ke tyAga jisake dvArA pramA (ajJAnanivRtti) ho vaha pramANa hai| pramANa zabda yA grahaNa karane kA atizaya sAdhana jJAna hI hai ataH vahI pramANa kI isa vyutpatti ke anusAra hI nyAyadarzana ke bhASyakAra hai| isa prakAra bauddha jJAna ko pramANa mAnate haiM kintu unake anusAra vAtsyAyana ne jJAnopalabdhi ke sAdhanoM ko pramANa kahA hai| jJAna ke do bheda haiM--nirvikalpaka aura sviklpk| bauddha mata isakI vyAkhyA karane vAloM meM matabheda haiN| nyAyavArtikakAra meM pratyakSarUpa jJAna nirvikalpaka hotA hai aura anumAnarUpa jJAna udyotakara artha kI upalabdhi meM sannikarSa ko sAdhakatama mAnakara sviklpk| ye do hI pramANa bauddha mAnate haiM, kyoMki unake use hI pramANa mAnate haiN| unake anusAra artha kA jJAna karAne meM anusAra viSaya bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai- (1) svalakSaNarUpa sabase adhika sAdhaka sannikarSa haiN| kyoMki cakSu kA ghaTa ke evaM (2) saamaanylkssnnruup| svalakSaNa kA artha hai vastu kA sAtha saMyoga hone para hI ghaTa kA jJAna hotA hai, jisa artha kA svarUpa jo zabda Adi ke binA hI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| indriya ke sAtha sannikarSa nahIM hotA, usakA jJAna nahIM hotaa| sAmAnyalakSaNa kA artha hai--aneka vastuoM ke sAtha gRhIta naiyAyika saMyoga, saMyuktasamavAya, saMyuktasamavetasamavAya, samavAya, vastu kA sAmAnya rUpa jisameM zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| svalakSaNa samavetasamavAya aura vizeSaNavizeSyabhAva ina chaha prakAra ke pratyakSa kA viSaya hai aura sAmAnyalakSaNa anumAna kaa| jo sannikarSoM ke AdhAra para pramANa kI vyAkhyA karate haiN| isake kalpanA se rahita nirdhAnta jJAna hotA hai, use bauddha darzana meM pratyakSa atirikta naiyAyika kAraka-sAkalya ko bhI pramA kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| mAnate haiN| jo sAdhakatama hotA hai vaha karaNa hai aura artha kA __ jaina dArzanikoM ne pramANa ke saMbaMdha meM ukta matoM ko vyAbhicArarahita jJAna karAne meM jo karaNa hai, vaha pramANa hai| unakI asvIkAra kiyA hai| jainoM ke anusAra naiyAyikoM dvArA mAnya mAnyatA hai ki jJAna kisI eka kAraka se nahIM hotA apitu samagra sannikarSAdi ko pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kyoMki ukta kArakoM ke hone para niyama se hotA hai| isalie kAraka-sAkalya kalya sannikarSAdi (jar3a) ajJAnarUpa haiM aura ajJAna se ajJAnanivRtti hI jJAna kI utpatti meM karaNa hai, ata: vahI pramANa hai| rUpa pramA saMbhava nahIM hai| ajJAna nivRtti meM ajJAna kA virodhI sAMkhya artha kI pramiti meM indriya-vRtti ko sAdhakatama mAnate jJAna hI kAraNa ho sakatA hai, jisa prakAra aMdhakAra kI nivRtti meM hue use hI pramANa mAnatA hai| indriyA~ jaba viSaya ke AkAra pariNamana aMdhakAra kA virodhI prkaash| indriyasannikarSAdi jJAna kI utpatti karatI haiM tabhI ve apane pratiniyata zabda Adi kA jJAna karAtI meM sAkSAt kAraNa ho sakate haiM para pramA meM sAdhakatama to jJAna hI haiN| iMdriyoM kI viSayAkAra-pariNita vRtti hI pramANa hai| ho sakatA hai| dUsare, jisake hone para jJAna ho aura nahIM hone para na mImAMsaka jJAtRvyApAra ko pramANa mAnate haiN| unakA mAnanA ho, vaha usameM sAdhakatama mAnA jAtA hai| jabaki sannikarSa meM aisI bAta nahIM hai| kahIM-kahIM sannikarSa ke hone para bhI jJAna nahIM hotA. hai ki jJAtRvyApara ke binA padArtha jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| kAraka tabhI kAraka kahA jAtA hai, jaba usameM kriyA hotI hai| isalie jaise ghaTa kI taraha AkAza Adi ke sAtha bhI cakSa kA saMyoga kriyA se yakta dravya ko kAraka kahA gayA hai. jaise-rasoI pakAne rahatA hai, phira bhI AkAza kA jJAna nahIM hotaa| eka jJAna hI hai jo ke lie cAvala, pAnI, Aga Adi aneka kAraka jo pahale se binA kisI vyavadhAna ke apane viSaya kA bodha karAtA hai| ataH taiyAra hote haiM, unake mela se rasoI hotI hai, usI prakAra AtmA, vahI pramiti meM sAdhakatama hai aura isalie vahI pramANa hai, mana, indriya aura padArtha ina cAroM kA mela hone para jJAtA kA sannikarSAdi nhiiN| tIsare, yadi satrikarSAdi ko pramANa mAnA jAe vyApAra hotA hai, jo padArtha ke jJAna meM sAdhakatama kAraNa hai| to sUkSma vyavahita aura viprakRSTa padArthoM ke sAtha indriyoM kA ataH jJAtRvyApAra hI pramANa hai| saMbaMdha na hone se unake dvArA una padArthoM kA jJAna asaMbhava hai, ___ phalataH sarvajJatA kA abhAva ho jaaegaa| isake atirikta indriyA~ bauddhoM ke anusAra pramANa kA lakSaNa hai--arthsaaruupy| ve alpa - kevala sthUla, vartamAna aura Asanna viSayaka haiM aura jJeya mAnate haiM ki artha ke sAtha jJAna kA jo sAdRzya hotA hai, vahI sUkSma aparimiti hai| aisI sthiti meM iMdriyoM aura satrikarSa se pramANa hai| unake sArUpya lakSaNa pramANa kA tAtparya hai ki buddhi samasta jJeyoM kA jJAna kabhI nahIM ho sktaa| cakSa aura mana ye
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________________ yatIndrasUri smArakagrantha jaina darzana donoM aprApyakArI hone ke kAraNa sabhI iMdriyoM kA padArthoM ke sAtha sannikarSa bhI saMbhava nahIM / cakSu spRSTa kA grahaNa na karane aura yogya dUra sthita aspRSTa kA grahaNa karane se aprApyakArI hai| yadi cakSu prApyakArI ho to use svayaM meM lage aMjana ko bhI dekha lenA caahie"| ataH sannikarSa aura iMdriyAdi pramANa nahIM ho skte| usI prakAra kAraka - sAkalya ko bhI pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kAraka - sAkalya ko pramANa mAnane para prazna uThatA hai ki kArakasAkalya mukhya rUpa se pramANa hai yA upacAra se| vaha mukhya rUpa se pramANa nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki kAraka - sAkalya ajJAna rUpa hai aura jo ajJAna rUpa hai, vaha sva aura para kI pramiti meM mukhya rUpeNa sAdhakatama nahIM ho sakatA / pramiti meM mukhya sAdhakatama to ajJAna kA virodhI jJAna hI ho sakatA hai| kyoMki jJAna aura pramiti ke bIca meM kisI dUsare kA vyavadhAna nahIM hai| jJAna ke hote hI padArtha kI pramiti ho jAtI hai| kintu kAraka - sAkalya meM yaha bAta nahIM hai| kAraka - sAkalya jJAna ko utpanna karatA hai, taba padArtha kI pramiti yA jAnakArI hotI hai| ataH kAraka sAkalya aura pramiti ke bIca meM jJAna kA vyavadhAna hone se kAraka - sAkalya ko mukhya rUpa se pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA 12 / supta aura jAgrat avasthA meM koI aMtara nahIM rhegaa| yadi vRtti ko indriya se bhinna mAneM to indriya vRtti kI hI upapatti nahIM ho pAtI to phira use pramANa kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai| bauddhoM ke nirvikalpaka jJAna ko bhI pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki nirvikalpaka jJAna ko pramANa mAnane para vikalpa ke AdhAra para jAne vAle loka - vyavahAra Adi saMbhava nahIM ho skeNge| yadi bauddha yaha kaheM ki nirvikalpaka jJAna meM savikalpaka jJAna utpanna karane kI zakti hai, ataH vaha pravartaka hai aura pravartaka hone se pramANa hai, to prazna uThatA hai ki jo svayaM nirvikalpaka hai vaha vikalpa ko kaise utpanna kara sakatA hai, kyoMki nirvikalpaka hone aura vikalpa utpanna karane kI sAmarthya kA paraspara virodha hai| yadi kahA jAe ki vikalpa vAsanA kI apekSA lekara nirvikalpaka pratyakSa vikalpaka ko utpanna kara sakatA hai, to vikalpavAsanA sApekSa artha hI vikalpa ko utpanna kara degA, donoM ke bIca meM eka nirvikalpaka pratyakSa kI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai14 aura yadi nirvikalpaka, vikalpa ko utpanna nahIM karatA to bauddhoM kA yaha kathana ki- "yatraiva janayedenAM tatraivAsya pramANatA " arthAt, jisa viSaya meM nirvikalpaka pratyakSa savikalpaka buddhi ko utpanna kara sakatA hai, usI viSaya meM vaha pramANa hai, unakI hI mAnyatA ke virodha meM AtA hai| phira bhI yadi savikalpaka buddhi ko utpanna karane para hI nirvikalpaka kA prAmANya abhISTa hai to savikalpaka ko hI bauddha pramANa kyoM nahIM mAna lete, kyoMki vaha saMvAhaka hai, artha kI prApti meM sAdhakatama hai aura anizcita artha kA nizcAyaka hai| ataH nirvikalpaka jJAna ko bhI sannikarSa kI taraha pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa"| sAMkhyoM kI indriyavRtti ko bhI pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki indriyavRtti acetana hai aura jo acetana hai, vaha padArtha ke jJAna meM sAdhakatama nahIM ho sakatA / indriyavRtti kyA hai ? indriyoM kA padArtha ke pAsa jAnA, padArtha kI ora abhimukha honA athavA padArthoM ke AkAra kA ho jaanaa| prathama pakSa ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki indriyoM padArtha ke pAsa nahIM jAtIM anyathA dUra se hI kisI padArtha ke jJAna kI upapatti nahIM ho jaaegii| dUsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki indriyoM kA padArtha kI ora abhimukha honA jJAna kI utpatti meM kAraNa hone se upacAra se pramANa ho sakatA hai, vAstava meM to pramANa jJAna hI hai| tIsarA pakSa bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki indriyoM kA padArtha ke AkAra kA honA pratItiviruddha hai| jaise darpaNa padArtha ke AkAra ko apane meM dhAraNa karatA hai, vaise zrotra Adi indriyA~padArtha ke AkAra ko dhAraNa karate nahIM dekhI jaatiiN| phira bhI yadi indriyavRtti hotI hai aisA mAna bhI liyA jAe to prazna uThatA ki vRtti indriya se bhinna hai yA abhinna / yadi abhinna hai to use indriya hI kahA jAnA cAhie, kyoMki taba indriya aura unakI vRtti eka hI huii| paraMtu nidrAvasthA meM yadi indriya aura usake vyApAra yA vRtti kI abhinnatA mAnI jAe to B 28 usI prakAra mImAMsakoM ke jJAtRvyApAra ko bhI pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kyoMki jJAtRvyApAra kI sattA pratyakSa anumAnAdi kisI bhI pramANa se siddha nahIM ho sakatI / phira bhI yadi jJAtRvyApAra kA astitva mAneM to prazna uThatA hai ki vaha kArakoM se janya hai yA ajny| ajanya to ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki vaha eka vyApAra hai / vyApAra to kArakoM se hI janya huA karatA hai| yadi janya hai to vaha bhAvarUpa hai yA abhaavruup| abhAvarUpa ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki yadi abhAvarUpa jJAtRvyApAra se bhI padArthoM kA bodha ho jAtA hai to usake lie kArakoM kI khoja karanA hI vyartha hai /
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smArakagranya - jaina darzana punaH jJAtRrUpa vyApAra, jJAnarUpa hai yA ajnyaanruup| yadi vaha jJAnarUpa nirvivAda rUpa se cale A rahe haiN| yadi hama pramANa bheda kI carcA ko hai to atyaMta parokSa nahIM ho sakatA jaisA ki mImAMsaka mAnate haiM aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi meM dekheM to Agamika sAhitya meM sthAnAMgare3 aura yadi jAtarUpa vyApAra ajJAnarUpa hai. to vaha ghaTa-paTa kI aura bhagavatIsatra meM pratyakSa evaM parokSa ina do pramANoM kA ullekha taraha pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| milatA hai, jinameM ina do mukhya pramANoM ke aMtargata hI paJcajJAnoM kI uparyakta sabhI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna heta jaina dArzanika yojanA kI gaI hai, paraMtu sAtha hI inameM cAra pramANoM kA bhI ullekha jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnate haiN| 'pramIyate'staiiriti pramANAni'16 milatA hai| isameM aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pramANoM ke ye do bheda ina arthAt jisake dvArA padArthoM ko bhalI prakAra se jAnA jAe, vaha donoM granthoM meM niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ke bAda hI dAkhila hue hoMge, pramANa hai| isa vyatpatti ke AdhAra para AcArya umAsvAti ne kyoki Avazyakaniyukti jo bhadrabAhukRta mAnI jAtI hai aura samyAjJAna ko pramANa kahA hai| unhoMne mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyAya jisakA AraMbha hI jJAna-carcA se hotA hai, usameM mati, zruta Adi aura kevala ina pA~ca jJAnoM ko samyak jJAna kahakara unheM spaSTatayA vibhAga se jJAnacarcA to hai paraMtu pratyakSAdi pramANabheda kI carcA kA pramANa pratipAdita kiyA hai| umAsvAti ke paravartI AcArya / sUcana taka nahIM hotA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki niyukti ke samaya samantabhadra (I. san 575-625) ne apane pramANa kI paribhASA . taka jainAcArya jJAnacarcA karate the to paJcajJAna ke hI rUpa meM, kintu meM umAsvAti kA hI AdhAra grahaNa karate hue tattvajJAna ko pramANa anyadarzanoM meM pratiSThita pramANa carcA se pUrNataH anabhijJa bhI nahIM the| mAnA hai| pramANa ko unhoMne do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai--(1) isakA pramANa hameM usI bhadrabAhukRta dazavaikAlikaniyukti meM mila yugapatsarvabhAsI (2) kramabhAsI jo syAdvAda naya se susaMskRta jAtA hai jisameM parArthAnumAna kI carcA kI gaI hai, yadyapi vaha avayavAMza hotA hai| yadi dhyAna diyA jAe to umAsvAti aura samantabhadra ke na meM anya darzanoM kI parArthAnumAna zailI se anokhI hai| pramANa lakSaNoM meM zabdabheda ko chor3akara koI maulika arthabheda saMbhavataH sabase pahale anuyogadvAra meM nyAyasammata pratyakSa, pratIta nahIM hotA kyoMki samyaktva aura tattva kA eka hI artha hai anumAnAdi cAra pramANoM ko dAkhila kiyA gyaa| isase pUrva to satya - yathArtha / AcArya samantabhadra ne tattvajJAna ko anyatra jainAcAryoM kI mukhya vicAra-dizA pramANadvaya vibhAga kI ora hI 'svaparAvabhAsakaM yathA pramANaM bhuvibuddhilakSaNam' kahakara rahI hai| isI paraMparA ke anusAra AcArya umAsvAti ne svaparAvabhAsaka jJAna ke rUpa meM upanyasta kiyA hai| vastutaH tattvArthAdhigamasUtrabhASya meM pratyakSa evaM parokSa do pramANoM kI hI svaparAvabhAsaka jJAna kA abhiprAya bhI samyagjJAna hI hai, kyoMki carcA kI hai aura pramANacatuSTaya vibhAga jo mUlataH nyAyadarzana29 jJAna kA sAmAnya dharma hI hai apane svarUpa ko jAnate hue parapadArtha kA hai, ko 'nayavAdAntareNa30 kahakara pramANadvaya vibhAga ko hI ko jaannaa| samantabhadra kI isa paribhASA meM nyAyAvatArakartA jaina paraMparA sammata mAnA hai| unhoMne ina do pramANoM meM hI darzanAntarIya (nyAyavatAra ke kartA siddhasena divAkara nahIM haiM)18 ne bAdhavivarjita anya pramANoM ko bhI antarbhUta mAnA hai| pada jor3akara 'pramANaM svaparabhAsi jJAnaM bAdhavivarjitam19' khaa| bhAratIya darzana ke anya dArzanika nikAyoM meM cArvAka eka kintu bAdhavivarjita pada vizeSaNa se jisa artha kI utpatti hotI hai, mAtra pratyakSa ko hI pramANa mAnatA hai| bauddha aura vaizeSika pratyakSa usakA saMketa AcArya umAsvAti ne samyagjJAna meM prayukta aura anumAna ye do pramANa mAnate haiN| sAMkhya pratyakSa, anumAna aura 'samyakzabda' ke dvArA hI kara diyA thaa| umA svAti ke samyagjJAna zabda ina tIna pramANoM ko mAnatA hai| naiyAyika sAMkhya ke tIna bhedoM pramANa kI uparyukta paribhASA ko hI AdhAra mAnakara sarvArthasiddhikAra meM upamAna ko joDakara cAra bheda svIkAra karate haiN| mImAMsakoM meM pUjyapAda, 20 bhaTTaakalaMka 21 (7vIM zatI), vidyAnandi (vi. 10vIM prabhAkarAnuyAyI cAra bhedoM meM arthApatti ko jor3akara pA~ca evaM zatI), mANikyanaMdI 22 (vi.10vIM zatI), hemacandra tathA anaMtavIrya kumArila bhaTTAnuyAyI aura vedAntI pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna, zabda, Adi paravartI AcAryoM ne bhI apanI pramANa saMbaMdhI paribhASAe~ diiN| arthApatti aura anupalabdhi ye chaha pramANa mAnate haiN| paurANika pramANa ke prakAra loga sambhava aura etihya ko milAkara ATha evaM tAMtrika isameM ceSTA nAmaka eka pramANa jor3akara nau pramANoM ko svIkAra karate haiN| prAcInakAla se hI pramANa ke pratyakSa aura parokSa ye do bheda
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________________ - yatIndrasUri mArarict - jaina darzana - umAsvAti ne ina sAre pramANoM kA antarbhAva jaina darzana ke pratyakSa va rahita kevala AtmA ke prati jo niyata hai yA jo jJAna bAhya parokSa ina do pramANoM meM hI mAnA hai| indriyAdi kI apekSA na hokara kevala kSayopazamavAle yA parokSa- AcArya umAsvAti ne mati zrata avadhi manaHparyAya aura AvaraNarahita AtmA se hotA hai, vaha pratyakSa jJAna kahalAtA hai| kevala ina pA~ca jJAnoM meM 'Adye parokSam'33 kahakara Adi ke 'akSaM pratiniyatimiti parApekSA nivRttiH' arthAt pratyakSa jJAna meM matijJAna aura zrutajJAna ko parokSa pramANa mAnA hai| inako parokSa na ko pozAsana para para kI apekSA nahIM hotii| pramANa kyoM kahate haiM? isake uttara meM unakA kahanA hai ki ye donoM hI AcArya umAsvAti ne isI AdhAra para AtmasApekSa aura jJAna nimitta kI apekSA rakhate haiM, isalie ye parokSa haiN| parokSa jJAna meM indriyAdi kI apekSA ke binA hone vAle jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA indriya aura mana ina donoM ko nimitta mAnA gayA hai| hai| tattvArthAdhigamasUtrabhASya meM unhoMne indriya aura mana ke nimitta pratyakSa - pratyakSazabda kI vyutpatti do zabdoM se milakara huI hai - se hone vAle jJAna ko parokSa kahA hai aura matijJAna aura zruta jJAna prati + akSa = prtykss| akSa zabda kI vyutpatti az dhAtu se / ko chor3akara avadhi, manaHparyAya aura kevala ko pratyakSa kahA hotI hai jisakA artha vyApta honA hai| hai|9| bAda ke sabhI jainAcAryoM ne umAsvAti kI isI paribhASA ko AdhAra banAkara pratyakSa aura parokSa pramANa kA vivecana kiyA hai| isa prakAra 'aznute vyApnoti viSa yAn svavRttyA saMyogena vA akSa sa' pada prApta hotA hai jisakA artha hai jo jJAna rUpa se nyAyavatArakartA ne aparokSa rUpa se grahaNa kie jAne vAle sabhI vastaoM meM vyApta yA vidyamAna hotA hai arthAta jiiv| jJAna kA pratyakSa kahA ha az dhAtu se bhI akSa zabda kI utpatti saMbhava hai| az kA aparokSatayA'rthasya grAhakaM jnyaanmiidRshm| artha hai bhojana krnaa| cU~ki jIva sabhI padArthoM kA bhoktA hai, pratyakSamitirajjJeyaM parokSaM grhnnekssyaa|40 isalie vyutpattilabhya artha ke anusAra bhI akSa kA artha AtmA parokSa kyA hai, asAkSAdarthagrAhakaM jJAnaM parokSamiti 1 arthAt hI huaa| asAkSAt artha kA grAhaka parokSa hai, evaM jo aparokSa arthAt akSa zabda kA artha indriya bhI kiyA jAtA hai| nyAyadarzana sAkSAt artha kA grAhaka hai vaha pratyakSa hai| meM pratyakSa kI jo paribhASA dI gaI hai, usameM prayukta akSa zabda bhaTTa akalaMka ke anusAra 'indriya aura mana kI apekSA ke indriya artha kA hI dyotaka hai- 'akSasyA'kSasya prativiSayaM vRttiH binA jo vyabhicAra rahita sAkAra grahaNa hotA hai, use pratyakSa prtykssm|' yahAM akSa zabda kA artha indriya aura vRtti kA artha kahate haiM' 42, nyAyavinizcaya meM unhoMne 'pratyakSalakSaNaM prAhuH spaSTaM hai sannikarSa arthAt indriya kA artha ke sAtha saMbaMdha hone para utpanna sAkAramaJjasA'43 kahakara pratyakSa ko paribhASita kiyA hai, arthAt jJAna pratyakSa hai, aisA nyAyadarzana35 kA mata hai| jo jJAna spaSTa hai vahI pratyakSa hai| isa paribhASA meM uparyukta paribhASA - jaina paraMparA akSa zabda kA artha jIva yA AtmA karatI meM Ae sAkAra pada ke sAtha aJjasA pada bhI AyA hai| hai aura tadanusAra indriya nirapekSa aura kevala AtmaparokSa jJAna / sAkAra kA artha hai savikalpakaMjJAna kyoMki nirvikalpakajJAna ko hI pratyakSa mAnatI hai aura iMdriyAzrita jJAna ko prokss| kahIM ko jaina darzana meM pramANa nahIM mAnA gayA hai| ajasA pada kahIM akSa zabda kA indriya artha lekara bhI vyutpatti kA AzrayaNa / pAramArthika dRSTi kA sUcaka hai| pratyakSa jJAna ke lie yaha Avazyaka kiyA gayA hai, para vaha darzanAntara prasiddha paraMparA tathA loka hai ki vaha paramArtha meM bhI vizada ho| vaizadya kA lakSaNa karate hue vyavahAra ke saMgraha kI dRSTi se| pUjyapAda akSa zabda kI vyAkhyA ' laghIyatraya meM unhoMne kahA hai ki--- karate hue likhate haiM ki 'akSNoti vyApnoti jAnatItyakSa aatmaa'37| anumAnAdyati rekeNa vishessprtibhaasnm| akSa, vyApa aura jJA ye dhAtue~ ekArthaka haiM, isalie akSa kA artha tadvaizadyaM mataM buddheravaizadyamata: prm||" AtmA hotA hai aura 'tamevaprAptavRkSayopazamaM prakSINAvaraNaM vA arthAt anumAnAdi se adhika niyata deza, kAla aura pratiniyataM vA pratyakSama38' arthAt kSamopazama vAle yA AvaraNa , __ AkAra rUpa meM pracuratara vizeSoM ke pratibhAsana ko vaizadya kahate
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________________ - catIndrasUri smArakagrantha - jaina darzana haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM jisa jJAna meM kisI anya jJAna kI sahAyatA binA kisI anya pramANa ke hotA hai, yA yaha idantayA pratibhAsita apekSita na ho vaha jJAna vizada kahalAtA hai| anumAna meM liMgAdi hotA hai use vaizadya kahate haiN| 'pramANAntarAnpekSedantayA pratibhAso kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai, paraMtu pratyakSa meM kisI anyajJAna kI vA vaizadyam' arthAt pramANAntara kI apekSA nahIM hone kA kathana AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| mANikyanandI evaM prabhAcandra kA anusaraNa pratIta hotA hai, kintu avadheya hai ki bauddha dArzanika bhI vizada jJAna ko pratyakSa idantayA pratibhAsa pratyakSa meM hI hotA hai, anumAnAdi meM nahIM mAnate haiM45 paraMta ve kevala nirvikalpaka jAna ko hI pratyakSa kI ataH vizadatA kI yaha naI vizeSatA kahI jA sakatI hai| prazna sImA meM rakhate haiM 46 / pratyakSa kI unakI paribhASA hai 'kalpanApoDham uThatA hai ki jaina darzana meM indriya vyApAra se janita jJAna ko bhrAntaM pratyakSam' arthAt pratyakSa jJAna ko kalpanA svabhAva, aura / anya bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI bhAMti pratyakSa evaM vyApAra se rahita kisI bhI prakAra ke viparyaya yA bhrAMti se rahita honA caahie| jJAna ko parokSa kyoM nahIM kahA gayA? pUjyapAda ne jaina jJAna jainadArzanika paraMparA ko bauddhoM kA ukta nirvikalpaka yA mImAMsA ke AdhAra para isakA samAdhAna prastuta kiyA hai| jaina kalpanApoDha pratyakSa lakSaNa mAnya nahIM hai| bhaTTa akalaMka, vidyAnandI, darzana meM sarvajJa AptapuruSa pratyakSa jJAna dvArA samasta padArthoM ko prabhAcandra aura hemacandrAcArya tathA abhinavabhUSaNa ne bauddhoM ke jAnatA hai| yadi sarvajJa kA pratyakSa indriya ke nimitta se ho to ukta pratyakSa kAkhaNDana kiyA hai| kalpanApoDha arthAt nirvikalpaka sarvajJa samasta padArthoM ko pratyakSapUrvaka nahIM jAna sakegA, arthAt pratyakSa yadi sarvathA kalpanApoDha hai to pramANa jJAna hai, pratyakSa usakI sarvajJatA siddha nahIM ho sakegI, kintu AptapuruSa sarvajJa hai kalpanApoDha hai, ityAdi kalpanAe~ bhI usameM nahIM kI jA sakeMgI tathA vaha samasta padArthoM kA pratikSaNa pratyakSa karatA hai| usakI aura isa prakAra usake astitva Adi kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI yaha yaha pratyakSatA tabhI siddha ho sakatI hai, jaba vaha mAtra AtmA dvArA jA skegii| usakA 'asti' isa prakAra se bhI sadbhAva siddha nahIM / samasta arthoM ko jAnatA ho| pUjyapAda ke samAdhAna ko akalaMka hogA, evaM yadi usameM ina kalpanAoM kA sadbhAva mAnA jAtA hai ne bhI vistRtarUpeNa prastuta kara puSTa kiyA hai| to vaha svavacana-vyAghAta hai| aba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki indriyAdi ke binA AtmA ko ata: jaina dArzanika savikalpaka jJAna ko pramANa mAnakara bAhyArthoM kA pratyakSa kisa prakAra hotA hai? akalaGka ne isakA vizada jJAna ko pratyakSa kI koTi meM rakhate haiN| vizadatA aura samAdhAna prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki jisa prakAra ratha kA nizcayatA vikalpa kA apanA dharma hai aura vaha jJAnAvaraNa ke nirmAtA tapovizeSa ke prabhAva se RddhivizeSa prApta karake bAhya kSayopazama ke anusAra isameM pAyA jAtA hai| ata: jina vikalpa upakaraNAdi ke binA bhI ratha kA nirmANa karane meM sakSama hotA hai, jJAnoM kA viSayabhUta padArtha bAhya meM nahIM milatA ve vikalpAbhAsa usI prakAra AtmA bhI jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama vizeSa haiM, pratyakSa nhiiN| maNikyanandI, vAdidevasUri tathA hemacandra ne athavA sampUrNakSaya se iMdriyAdi bAhyasAdhanoM ke binA hI bAhyArthoM pratyakSa ko kramaza: nimnaprakAra se paribhASita kiyA hai-- ko jAnane meM sakSama hotA hai| (ka)vizadaM pratyakSamiti saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai Agamika paraMparA ke anusAra pratyakSa pramANa AtmAzrita hai tathA jJAnAvaraNa karma ke ... (kha)spaSTaM pratyakSaM kSayopazama athavA kSaya se bAhayArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai, isameM (ga) vizadaH pratyakSaM indriyAdi ke sahayoga kI apekSA nahIM hotI hai| mANikyanandI vizada kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM-- isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki pratyakSa pramANa kA mukhya lakSaNa pratItyannarAvyavadhAnena vizeSaNatayA yA pratibhAsanaM 'AtmasApekSa evaM vizada yA spaSTa jJAna' hI jaina paraMparA meM mAnya hai| vaizadyamiti'arthAt vaha jJAna jo anyajana ke vyavadhAna se rahita pratyakSa ke prakAra-- hotA hai tathA jo vizeSaNoM ke sAtha pratibhAsita hotA hai, use vaizadya kahate haiN| hemacandracArya ke anusAra jisakA pratibhAsana tattvArthAdhigama sUtra meM umAsvAti ne pratyakSa pramANa meM tooardwariyanararianardaridratariwarodrividi3 1 dmirikardinianiramidnidaridaridrbarsaarddada
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smArakagrantha - jaina darzana avadhi, manaHparyAya evaM kevala ina tInoM jJAnoM kA hI samAveza umAsvAti ne jo yathAyogya 54 zabda kA nirdeza kiyA hai usakA kiyA hai aura inhIM kI vyAkhyA pratyakSa ke rUpa meM kI hai| 'akSa' tAtparya hai ki sabhI deva athavA nArakiyoM kA avadhijJAna samAna zabda kA artha AtmA mAna lene para evaM tadanusAra kevala Atma nahIM hotaa| jisameM jitanI yogyatA hai usake anusAra unheM utanA -sApekSa jJAna ko pratyakSa mAna lene para lokavyavahAra meM pratyakSa hI hotA hai| avadheya hai ki tIrthaMkaroM ko janma se avadhi jJAna rUpa se prasiddha indriya-pratyakSa mAnasa - pratyakSa kI samasyA ke hone para bhI unake avadhijJAna ko bhavapratyaya nahIM mAnate, kyoMki samanvaya hetu umAsvAti ke uttaravartI AcAryoM ne pratyakSa ke ukta avadhi meM tIrthaMkara kI AtmA ke guNa kAraNabhUta haiN| sAMvyavahArika-pratyakSa evaM pAramArthika-pratyakSa ye do bheda kie| prazna uThatA hai ki devoM tathA nArakoM ko usa bhava meM janmagrahaNa ina donoM bhedoM kA koI sUcana tattvArthAdhigamasUtra yA bhASya meM samAna avadhinAta pApta ho jAtA hai unheM niyamATi nahIM miltaa| umAsvAti ne spaSTa rUpa se indriyAdi nimitta se pAlana karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, to manuSyAdi ko isake hone vAle jJAna ko parokSa kI saMjJA dI hai, pratyakSa kI nhiiN| aisA / lie prayAsa kyoM karanA par3atA hai? pratIta hotA hai ki bAda ke AcAryoM ne kamobeza naiyAyikoM se prabhAvita hokara apanI pramANamImAMsA meM indriya-pratyakSa kA vastuta: kSayopazama to sabhI ke lie Avazyaka hai| aMtara samAveza kiyA aura umAsvAti ke batAe avadhi, mana:paryAya sAdhana meM hai| jo jIva kevala janma mAtra se kSayopazama kara sakate evaM kevala ko pAramArthika pratyakSa kI saMjJA dii| ata: hama prathamatayA haiM, unakA avadhijJAna bhavapratyaya hai evaM jinheM isake lie vizeSa avadhi, manaHparyaya kI aura kevala kI hI vivecanA kareMge evaM prayatna karanA par3atA hai, unakA avadhijJAna kSayopazama nimittaka yA guNapratyaya hai| umAsvAti 'devanArakANAm' pada se samyagdRSTiyoM yathAsthAna sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kI bhI saMkSipta vyAkhyA kreNge| kA grahaNa karate haiM, kyoMki sUtra meM avadhipada kA grahaNa hai| (1) avadhijJAna mithyAdRSTiyoM kA jJAna vibhaMgajJAna kahalAtA hai| ataH umAsvAti avadhi kA artha hai - sImA yA maryAdA, arthAt vaha yaha mAnate haiM ki deva va nArakiyoM meM bhI unhIM ko bhava ke prathama maryAdita jJAna jo dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA indriya samaya meM avadhijJAna hotA hai, jo samyagdRSTi hote haiN| mithyAdRSTiyoM aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA kevala rUpI padArthoM ko spaSTa rUpa ko vibhaMgajJAna hotA hai|6|| se jAnatA hai, avadhijJAna hai| yaha jJAna avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke (2) guNa pratyaya (kSayopazamanimittaka)- kSayopazamanimittaka kSayopazama se utpanna hotA hai| jJAna zeSa do gativAle jIva tiryaJca aura manuSya ko hotA hai| .. avadhijJAna do prakAra kA haiM51- (1) bhavapratyaya (2) guNa avadhijJAnAvaraNa karma ke dezaghAtI spardhakoM kA udaya rahate hue sarvaghAtI spardhakoM kA udayabhAvI kSaya aura anudaya prApta inhIM ke pratyaya (kSayopazamanimittika) sadvasthArUpa upazama ina donoM ke nimitta se jo hotA hai vaha (1) bhavapratyaya- nAraka aura devoM ko jo avadhijJAna hotA hai, kSayopazamanimittaka avadhijJAna hai| tiryaJca aura manuSya ko use bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna kahate haiN52| bhava kahate haiM--AyunAma hone vAlA yaha guNa pratyaya avadhijJAna sabako nahIM hotA, unameM karma ke udaya kA nimitta pAkara hone vAlI jIva kI paryAyoM ko bhI jinako sAmarthya hai unhIM ko hotA hai| asaMjJI aura aparyAptakoM aura pratyaya zabda kA artha hai - hetu athavA nimitta kaarnn| ataH ko yaha sAmarthya nahIM hai| saMjJI aura paryAptakoM meM bhI sabako yaha bhava hI jisameM nimitta ho, vaha bhavapratyaya hai| nAraka aura devoM ke sAmarthya nahIM hotI kevala unako, jinake samyagdarzanAdi nimittoM avadhijJAna meM usa bhava meM utpanna honA hI kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| ke milane para avadhijJAnAvaraNa karma zAMta evaM kSINa ho gayA jaise pakSiyoM kA AkAza meM gamana karanA svabhAva se yA usa bhava ho59| kSayopazama nimittaka avadhijJAna chaha prakAra kA hotA hai / meM janma lene mAtra se hI A jAtA hai, usake lie zikSA yA tapa kAraNa nahIM hai, usI prakAra jo jIva narakagati yA devagati ko (1) anAnugAmI (2) AnugAmI (3) hIyamAnaka (4) prApta hote haiM, unheM avadhijJAna bhI svataH hI prApta ho jAtA hai|3| ' 13 vardhamAnaka (5) anavasthita aura (6) avsthit| AcArya umAsvAti ne ina chaha jJAnoM ko isI krama meM rakhA hai| pUjyapAda
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________________ - yatIndasUri smArakAsa jaina darzana evaM bhaTTaakalaMka ne kramazaH sarvArthasiddhi aura tattvArthavArtika kevala jJAna kI prApti na ho jAe yA usakA vartamAna manuSyajanma meM ise bhinna krama meM rakhA hai yathA - anugAmI, ananugAmI, chUTakara use bhavAntara kI prApti na ho jAe, avasthita avadhijJAna vardhamAna, hIyamAna, avasthita evaM anvsthit| kahalAtA hai| arthAt jise avasthita avadhijJAna hotA hai, usase (1) anAnagAmI63- jo avadhijJAna kevala apane utpatti vaha taba taka nahIM chUTatA jaba taka ki usako kevalajJAnAdi kI sthala meM hI yogya viSayoM ko jAnatA hai-anAnugAmI avadhijJAna prApti na ho jAe kyoMki kevala jJAna kSAyika hai, usake sAkSa: hai| jaise kisI jyotiSI yA nimittajJAnI Adi ke viSaya meM dekhA kSAyopazamika jJAna nahIM raha sktaa| yadi usI janma meM kevala jAtA hai ki vaha eka nizcita sthAna para hI praznoM kA uttara de zAna jJAna ho, to vaha janmAntara meM bhI usa jIva ke sAtha hI jAtA hai| sakatA hai sarvatra nhiiN| usI prakAra anAnugAmI avadhijJAna jisa gommaTasAra meM avadhijJAna ke sAmAnya se tIna bheda kie sthAna para utpanna hotA hai usase anyatra vaha kAma nahIM kara paataa| gae haiM-dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi aura srvaavdhi| bhavapratyaya-avadhi (2) AnugAmI64- jo avadhijJAna apane utpatti-sthala aura / nA AramAna aura niyama se dezAvadhi hI hotA hai tathA paramAvadhi evaM sarvAvadhi sthAnAntara donoM hI jagaha apane yogya viSayoM ko jAnatA hai, vaha niyama se kSayopazamanimittaka yA gaNapratyaya hI hote haiN| gommaTasAra AnugAmI avadhijJAna hai| jaise sUrya pUrva dizA ke sAtha-sAtha meM drava, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ko lekara bhI avadhi jJAna kA anya dizAoM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai| vivecana milatA hai jisake anusAra jaghanya bheda se lekara utkRSTa bheda paryanta avadhijJAna ke jo asaMkhyAta lokapramANa bheda haiM ve (3) hIyamAnaka5 - asaMkhyAta dvIpa samudra, pRthvI, vimAna saba hI dravya, kSetra, kAla bhAva kI apekSA se pratyakSatayA rUpI aura tiryaka, Upara athavA nIce jitane kSetra kA pramANa lekara dravya ko hI grahaNa karate haiM tathA usake saMbaMdha meM saMsArI jIva utpanna huA hai, krama se usa pramANa se ghaTate-ghaTate jo avadhijJAna dravya ko bhI jAnate haiM kintu sarvAvadhijJAna meM jaghanya utkRSTa aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga pramANa taka ke kSetra ko viSaya karane Adi bheda nahIM haiN| vaha nirvikalpa eka prakAra kA hai| vAlA raha jAe to use hIyapAlaka avadhijJAna kahate haiN| jaise Avazyakaniyukti meM avadhijJAna ko kSetra, saMsthAna, avasthita, agni prajjvalita ho jAne para bhI yadi usase yogya IMdhana Adi tIvra, maMda ityAdi caudaha dRSTakoNoM se vivecita kiyA gayA hai| na mila to dhIre-dhIre bujhane yA kama hone lagatI hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva (4) vardhamAnaka 6 - jo avadhijJAna aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM evaM bhava ina sAta nikSepoM ke mAdhyama se avadhijJAna ko vizleSita bhAga Adi ke barAbara pramANa lekara utpanna huA ho aura usa kiyA gayA hai| pramANa se bar3hatA hI calA jAe to use vardhamAnaka avadhijJAna , 2) mana:paryAyajJAna tatvArthAdhigama sUtra bhASya ke anusAra kahate haiN| manaHparyAya jJAna ke saMbaMdha meM jaina dArzanikoM meM do mata haiM-prathamamata (5) anavasthita 7- jo avadhijJAna eka rUpa na rahakara aneka nandIsUtra, Avazyakaniyukti evaM tattvArthAdhigama mUla bhASya para rUpa dhAraNa kare vaha anavasthita avadhijJAna hai| yaha avadhijJAna AdhArita hai, jisake anusAra manaH paryAya jJAna ke dvArA dUsare ke utpanna pramANa se kabhI ghaTatA hai, kabhI bar3hatA hai aura kabhI chUTa mana meM ciMtyamAna arthoM ko jAnA jAtA hai, dUsarA mata bhI jAtA hai| jaise kisI jalAzaya kI lahareM vAyuvega kA nimitta vizeSAvazyakabhASya nandIcUrNi Adi para AdhArita hai, jisake pAkara kabhI U~cI-nIcI yA naSTotpanna huA karatI haiM usI prakAra anusAra manaH paryAya jJAna dvArA mAtra dUsare kI mana kI paryayoM ko zubha athavA azubharUpa jaise bhI pariNAmoM kA isako nimitta jAnA jAtA hai aura usameM ciMtyamAna padArthoM kA jJAna anumAna ke milatA hai usake anusAra isa avadhijJAna kI hAni, vRddhi Adi dvArA hotA hai| jIva ke dvArA grahIta aura mana ke AkAra meM pariNata aneka avasthAe~ huA karatI haiN| dravyavizeSarUpa manovargaNAoM ke AlaMbana se vicArarUpa paryAyoM (6) avasthita8 - vaha avadhijJAna jo jitane pramANa kSetra ke ko binA indriyAdi sAdhanoM ke sAkSAt jAna lenA manaHparyaya jJAna viSaya meM utpanna ho. usase vaha taba taka nahIM chaTatA jaba taka ki hai| saMpUrNa pramAdoM se rahita aura jise manaHparyAya jJAnAvaraNa kA
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________________ - cIndrasari smArakagranyaya jaina darzana kSayopazama prApta ho cukA hai use hI yaha atyaMta viziSTa avadhijJAna aura manaH paryAyajJAna meM aMtara - kSAyopazamika kintu pratyakSa jJAna prApta hotA hai| jisase vaha manuSya lokavartI manaHparyApti dhAraNa karane vAle paMcendriya umAsvAti ne ina donoM jJAnoM meM vizuddhikRta, kSetrakRta, svAmIkRta prANimAtra ke trikAlavI manogata vicAroM ko binA indriya aura aura viSayakRta ina cAra bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai-- mana kI sahAyatA se hI jAna sakatA hai| Avazyakaniyukti5 ke (1) vizuddhikRta - vizuddhi kA artha nirmalatA hai| avadhijJAna anasAra mana:paryAya jJAna kA adhikArI kevala manuSya hI hotA kI apekSA mana:paryAyajJAna kI vizaddhi yA nirmalatA adhika hai aura manuSyoM meM bhI vaha caritravAna hotA hai| nandIsUtra meM dravya, hotI hai, kyoMki vaha apane viSaya ko avadhijJAna se adhika kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI apekSA se manaH paryAyajJAna kA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki dravyAdi kI dRSTi se mana:paryAyajJAna ke aMtargata ve pudgala dravya jo mana ke rUpa meM parivartita hote haiM, Ate (2) kSetrakRta - donoM meM kSetrakRta vizeSatA yaha hai ki avadhijJAna / haiM, kSetra kI dRSTi se yaha manuSyakSetra meM pAyA jAtA hai. kAla kI kA kSetra aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga se lekara saMpUrNa loka paryaMta dRSTi se yaha asaMkhyAta kAla taka sthita rahatA hai aura bhAva kI hai| jabaki manaHparyAyajJAna kA kSetra manuSyaloka pramANa hai, vaha utane dRSTi se inameM manovargaNAoM kI ananta avasthAeM dekhI jA sakatI kSetra ke bhItara hI saMjJI jIvoM kI manogata paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai| haiN| saMyama kI vizuddhatA manaH paryAyajJAna kA bahiraMga kAraNa hai (3) svAmIkRta - avadhijJAna saMyamI, sAdhu, asaMyamI jIva aura manaHparyAyajJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama aMtaraMga kAraNa hai| in| tathA saMyatAsaMyata zrAvaka ina sabhI ko ho sakatA hai tathA cAroM donoM kAraNoM ke milane para utpanna hone vAlA jJAna iMdriya anindriya hI gati vAle jIvoM ko ho sakatA hai, jabaki manaHparyAyajJAna sahAyatA ke binA manuSya ke manogata vicAroM ko jAna letA hai| pramatta saMyata se lekara kSINakaSAya-guNasthAna taka ke utkRSTa viSayabheda kI apekSA se isa jJAna ke do bheda haiM - cAritra se yukta jIvoM meM hI pAyA jAtA hai| (1) Rjumati (2) vipulamati77 (4) viSayakRta - jJAna dvArA jo padArtha jAnA jAe use jJeya Rjumati, jIva ke dvArA grahaNa meM AI huI aura mana ke athavA viSaya kahate haiN| viSaya kI dRSTi se avadhijJAna rUpI AkAra meM pariNata dravya vizeSa rUpa manovargaNAoM ke avalaMbana dravyoM82 evaM usakI asaMpUrNa paryAyoM ko jAnatA hai paraMtu avadhi se vicAra rUpa paryAyoM ko iMdriya aura anindriya kI apekSA ke ke viSaya kA anantavA~ bhAga manaHparyAya kA viSaya hai.3 ata: binA hI jAnatA hai| Rjumati, Rju-sAmAnya do tIna evaM kevala avadhi kI apekSA mana:paryAyajJAna kA viSaya ati sUkSma hai| vartamAna paryAyoM ko hI grahaNa karatA hai| jabaki vipulamati (3) kevalajJAna kevala jJAna sakala pratyakSa jJAna hai| moha mana:paryAya jJAna trikAlavartI, manuSya ke dvArA ciMtita, aciMtita jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa evaM aMtarAya karma ke kSaya se yaha jJAna evaM arddhaciMtita aise tInoM prakAra kI paryAyoM ko jAna sakatA hai| prakaTa hotA hai| kevalajJAna kA viSaya saMpUrNa dravya aura unakI ye donoM hI prakAra ke jJAna darzanapUrvaka nahIM huA karate jabaki sabhI paryAyeM haiN| jIva, ajIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura avadhijJAna pratyakSa hokara bhI darzanapUrvaka hotA hai| kAla ina sabhI dravyoM kI pRthak-pRthak tInoM kAloM meM hone mana:paryAya jJAna ke ina donoM bhedoM meM umAsvAti ne do vAlI anaMtAnanta paryAyeM haiN| ata: jo jJAna ina sabako jAnatA hai vizeSatAe~ aura batAI haiM--(1) vizuddhakRta (2) apratipAtakRta vaha kevala jJAna hai| vaha dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva viziSTa tathA Rjumati-mana:paryAyajJAna kI apekSA vipulamati paryAyajJAna utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya yukta sabhI padArthoM ko grahaNa karatA hai aura adhika vizuddha huA karatA hai tathA vipulamati apratipAtI hai| saMpUrNa loka-aloka ko viSaya karatA hai| isase utkRSTa aura kyoMki Rjumati mana:paryAyajJAna utpanna hokara chUTa bhI jAtA hai, koI bhI jJAna nahIM hai aura na hI koI aisA jJeya hai jo kevalajJAna aura eka hI bAra nahIM aneka bAra utpanna hokara chUTa jAtA hai, paraMtu kA viSaya na ho| kevala jJAna kI prApti ke pazcAt vyakti ko vipulamati apratipAtI hone se utpanna hone ke anaMtara jaba taka kucha bhI jAnanA zeSa nahIM rahatA, ata: use sarvajJa kahA jAtA hai| kevala jJAna prakaTa na ho taba taka nahIM chuutttaa| sarvajJa vizva ke samasta padArthoM ke tInoM kAloM kI samasta paryAyoM
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________________ - gatIndrasUri smArakagratya - jaina darzana - ko jAnatA hai| ise kevala, paripUrNa, samagra, asAdhAraNa, nirapekSa, tadindriyAnindriyanimittam9 kahakara ise matijJAna kI zreNI meM vizuddha, sarvabhAvajJApaka lokAloka viSaya aura anantaparyAyajJAna rakhA hai aura ise pratyakSa na mAnakara parokSa jJAna kahA hai| indriya bhI kahate haiN| yaha apanI taraha kA akelA jJAna hai isalie ise nimittaka aura anindrinimittaka jJAnarUpa matijJAna ke 4 bheda90 kevala jJAna kahate haiN| kie gae haiM--(1) avagraha, (2) IhA, (3) avAya (apAya) sAMvyavahArika evaM pAramArthika - pratyakSa-umAsvAmi ne pratyakSa Ara (4) dhaarnnaa| ke aMdara avadhi, mana:paryAya evaM kevala ina tIna Atma sApekSa indriya aura artha ke saMbaMdhita hone para jo sAmAnyajJAna hotA evaM indriya anindriya kI sahAyatA ke binA hone vAle jJAnoM ko hai, jisameM koI vizeSaNa, nAma yA vikalpa nahIM hotA use avagraha hI liyA hai| bAda meM jaba Agamika vicAra prakriyA meM tArkikatA kahate haiN| yaha do prakAra kA hai - vyaJjanA avagraha evaM arthaavgrh| kA praveza huA to aisA mahasUsa kiyA jAne lagA ki lokavyavahAra IhA - avagraha dvArA gahIta jAna ko vizeSa rUpa se jAnane meM prasiddha indriyapratyakSa aura mAnasapratyakSa kI samasyA ke samanvaya kI icchA IhA hai| hetu inheM bhI pratyakSa meM zAmila kiyA jAnA caahie| nandIsUtrakAra 5 ne saMbhavataH sabase pahale ina donoM jJAnoM ko pratyakSa meM zAmila avAya (apAya) - IhA ke dvArA jAne hue padArtha ke kara pratyakSa ke iMdriyapratyakSa aura noindriyapratyakSa nAmaka do viSaya meM nirNayAtmaka jJAna avAya hai| vibhAga kie| isake bAda jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne apane dhAraNA - avAya se jisa artha kA bodha hotA hai, usakA ativistRta bhASya meM dvividha pramANa vibhAga meM Agamika paJcajJAna adhika kAla taka sthira rahanA yA smRtirUpa ho jAnA dhAraNA hai| vibhAga (mati, zruta, avadhi, mana:paryAya, kevala) kA tarkapuraHsara (2) pAramArthika yA makhya pratyakSa - pAramArthika pratyakSa samAveza kiyA aura anuyogadvArakartA evaM naMdIkAra dvArA svIkRta parNarUpeNa vizada hotA hai| jo jJAna apanI utpatti meM mAtra AtmA iMdriyajanya evaM noindriyajanyarUpa se vividha pratyakSa ke varNana meM ke hI vyApAra kI apekSA rakhatA hai. mana aura indriyoM kI sahAyatA Ane vAle usa virodha kA parihAra sAMvyavahArika evaM pAramArthika jisameM apekSita nahIM hai. vaha pAramArthika pratyakSa he52| pratyakSa aise do nAma dekara sarvaprathama karane kA prayAsa kiyA jise pAramArthika pratyakSa ke tIna bheda haiM--(1) avadhi, (2) bhaTTaakalaMka 6, hemacandrAcArya87 Adi paravartI vidvAnoM ne bhI manaH paryAya aura (3) kevala jisakA vivecana hama pUrva pRSThoM meM apanI pramANamImAMsA meM sthAna diyaa| ina donoM pratyakSoM kA saMkSipta kara cuke haiN| paricaya yahAM aprAsaMgika nahIM hogaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra meM (1) sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa - bAdhArahita pravRtti-nivRtti aura pratyakSapramANa kI jo vyAkhyA AcArya umAsvAti ne kI hai, usakA logoM kA bolacAla rUpa vyavahAra saMvyavahAra kahalAtA hai| isa mukhya AdhAra Agamika paraMparA-mAnya pramANadvaya hI rahA hai, saMvyavahAra ke lie jo pratyakSa mAnA jAe vaha sAMvyavahArika isIlie unhoMne pramANa ke pratyakSa aura parokSa do hI bheda kie| pratyakSa hai| yaha aparamArthika pratyakSa pA~ca indriyoM evaM mana kI pratyakSa ke aMtargata unhoMne sIdhe AtmA se hone vAlI avadhi, sahAyatA se utpanna hotA hai| yaha do prakAra kA hai-- manaHparyAya evaM kevala ina tIna jJAnoM ko hI liyA aura indriya - (1) iMdriyaja (2) anindriyj| tathA mana kI sahAyatA se hone vAle jJAna ko parokSa kI koTi meM cakSu Adi indriyoM se utpanna hone vAle ko indriyaja aura rkhaa| paravartI AcAryoM ne iMdriya aura manasApekSa ko sAMvyavahArika manojanita ko anindriyaja kahate haiN| dhyAtavya hai ki indriyajanita pratyakSa kI saMjJA dI evaM avadhi, manaHparyAya aura kevala ko jJAna meM bhI mana kA vyApAra hotA hai tathApi mana vahA~ sAdhAraNa pAramArthika pratyakSa khaa| dekhA jAe to yaha iMdriya mana-pratyakSa kAraNa evaM indriya asAdhAraNa kAraNa hone se use indriyaja yA bhI anumAna ke samAna parokSa hI hai, kyoMki umeM saMzaya, viparyaya indriyasAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahate haiN| indriya aura anindriya kI aura anadhyavasAya ho sakate haiM jaise asiddha, viruddha aura sahAyatA se hone vAle jJAna ko AcArya umAsvAti ne anekAntika anumaan| jaise zabda-jJAna saMketa kI sahAyatA se
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________________ yatIndrasUri smArakagrantha jaina darzana hotA hai aura anumAna vyApti ke smaraNa se utpanna hotA hai, ataeva ve parokSa haiM usI prakAra sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa indriya aura mana tathA AtmavyApAra kI sahAyatA se utpanna hotA hai ataH vaha bhI parokSa hI hai| saMbhavataH umAsvAti ko ina tathyoM kA jJAna thA isalie unhoMne iMdriya aura mana ke nimitta se hone vAle jJAna ko 'tadindriyAnindriyanimittam' kahakara use parokSa kI koTi rakhA / bhaTTa akalaMka, hemacandra Adi AcArya jinhoMne iMdriyamanonimittaka pratyakSa ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kI saMjJA dI una para nandIsUtrakAra indriya anindriya rUpa se kie gae pratyakSa vibhAga tathA naiyAyikoM ke 'iMdriyArthasannikarSotpannaM jJAnamavyapadezyamavyabhicAri vyavasAyAtmakaM pratyakSam rUpa se kI gaI pratyakSa kI paribhASA kA prabhAva spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotA hai| aisA nahIM thA ki umAsvAti naiyAyikoM kI pramANamImAMsA se paricita nahIM the, kyoMki nayavAdAntareNa94 kahakara tathA pratyakSa aura parokSa ke atirikta anumAna upamAnAdi pramANoM ko naiyAyikoM kA kahakara, una sAre pramANoM ko inhIM do mukhya pramANoM meM aMtarbhUta mAnA hai, para yaha jarUra thA ki unase ve prabhAvita nahIM the| phira umAsvAti kI pratyakSa kI paribhASA meM aisA koI doSa parilakSita nahIM hotA jisakA parihAra sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ko mAna lene mAtra se ho gayA ho| kyoMki paravartI AcArya bhI avadhi, manaHparyAya aura kevala ko pAramArthika pratyakSa to mAnate hI haiN| ataH umAsvAti dvArA pratyakSapramANa-vivecana jo tattvArthAdhigamasUtrabhASya meM huA hai, vaha apane Apa meM pUrNa hai, isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai| sandarbha (1) sarvArthasiddhi sampA. paM. phUlacaMda siddhAntazAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI 1991, prastAvanA pR. 62 (2) SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA TIkA evaM hindI anuvAda sahita ) - puSpadanta bhUtabali, jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaNDa kAryAlaya, amarAvatI, prathama AvRtti 1959 / (3) tattvArthazlokavArtika, sampA zrI vidyAnaMda manoharalAla zA., rAmacaMdra natharaMgajI gAMdhI, mAMDavI, baMbaI 1918, pR. 6 (4) paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizad prakAza, vIrasevA maMdira sarasAvA, sahAranapura 1956, pR. 202 (5) sAgaramala jaina, tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paraMparA, pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI 1994, pR. 4 (6) pramANaparIkSA, sampA. darabArIlAla koThiyA, vIrasevA maMdira TrasTa prakAzana, vArANasI 1977, pR. 9 (a) pramiNoti pramIyate'nena pramitimAtraM vA pramANaM pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi, 1/10, pR. 70 (ba) pramIyante'yastairiti pramANAni umAsvAti, sabhASya tattvArthAdhigamasUtra, zrImad rAjacaMdra Azrama agAsa 1932, 1/12 (7) nyAyabhASya, sampA. AcArya DhuMDhirAja zAstrI, caukhambhA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI vi.saM. 2039, pR. 18 (8) nyAyamaJjarI, jayaMta bhaTTa, saMpA. ke. esa. varadAcArya, orieMTala risarca iMsTITyUTa, maisUra 1969, pR. 12 (9) nyAyabindu, caukhambhA sirIja kAzI, pR. 13 (10) arthasaMnnikarSe pramANe sati indriye vA ko doSaH / yadi sannikarSaH pramANam, sUkSmavyavahitaprakRSTAnAmarthAnAm grahaNaprasaMga: / sarvArthasiddhi, 1/10, pR. 69. (11) sarvArthasiddhi - 1/19 (12) jainanyAya, sampA. paM. kailAzacaMdra zAstrI, zrI gaNezavarNI digambara jaina saMsthAna, vArANasI 1988, pR. 27 noTa : saMdarbha 13 se 29 taka aprApta / (30) sabhASyatattvArthAdhigama sUtra - 1/6 (31) (a) vaizeSikasUtra, sampA. AcArya DhuMDhirAja zAstrI, caukhaMbhA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI 1977, 9/2/3 (ba) saMkhyakArikA, IzvarakRSNa, sampA. ramAzaMkara tripAThI, bhadainI, vArANasI 1978, kArikA-4 ( sa ) (da) nyAyasUtra 1/1/3 prakaraNapaMcikA - zAlikanAtha saMskRta sirIja, vArANasI, pR. 44 (ya) zAstradIpikA, sampA. pArthasArathi mizra, nirNayasAgara, baMbaI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1915, pR. 246 (32)sarvANyetAnimatizrutayorantarbhUtAnIndriyArthasannikarSanimitattvAt / sabhASyatattvArthadhigamasUtra - 1 / 12. msmenims 3 & mobimovoyaebyxom For Private Personal Use Only
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________________ catIndrasUri smArakagrantha - jaina darzana (33) vahI, 1/11 (48) pramANa-naya-tattvAloka, anuvAdaka paM. zobhAcaMdra bhArilla, (34) nyAyadarzanam (vAtsyAyanabhASya), sampA. AcArya DhuMDhirAja nyAyatIrtha, AtmajAgRti kAryAlaya, byAvara 1942, 2.2 zAstrI, caukhaMbhA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI vi.saM. 2039, (49) pramANamImAMsA, hemacandrAcArya, sampA. jinavijayajI, siMdhI jaina 1/1/3. jJAnapITha, ahamadAbAda, kalakattA 1939, 1/1/13. (35) iMdriyArthasannikarSotpatraM jnyaan...prtykssm| nyAyadarzanam 1/ (50) (a) pramANAntaramapekSate ityekaM vaishdylkssnnm| idantayA 1/4 pratibhAso vA iti idantayA vizeSaniSThatayA yaH pratibhAsaH (36) (a) sarvArthasiddhi 1/12 samyagarthanirNayasya so'pi vaizadyam-- (ba) 'jIvo akkho atthavvAvaNabhoyaNa gaNaNNio jeNa' pramANamImAMsA 1/1/14 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya sampA. paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA evaM (ba) tttvaarthaadhiH| 1/28 paM. becaradAsa dosI, lA.da.mA.saM.vi. maMdira, ahamadAbAda (51) dvividho'vdhiH| sabhASya tattvArthAdhigamasUtra 1/21 1968, pR.89 (52) nArakANAM devAnAM ca yathAtvaM bhavapratyayamavadhijJAnaM (sa) tathA ca bhagavAna bhadrabAhu jIvo akkho taM paI jaM vaTTai taM tu bhvti|vhii 1/22 hoipaccakkhaM nyAyAvatAra Ti.pR. 95. (53) vahI 1/22 (da) akSNoti vyApnoti jAnAti veti akSa aatmaa| (54) yathAsvaM bhavapratyayamavadhijJAnaM bhvti| vahI 1/22 tattvArthavArtika 1/12 (55) devAnAmapi yad yasya sambhavati tacca yathAsvamiti vijJeyam (37) sarvArthasiddhi- 1/12 bhavapratyayaM bhavakAraNaM adho'dho vistRtaviSayamavadhijJAnaM (38) vahI 1/12 bhvti| tattvArthAdhigamasUtra para siddharSiTIkA-seTha devacaMda (39) sabhASya tattvArthAdhigamasUtra 1/12 lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra graMthAMka 67- baMbaI 1926, (40) nyAyAvatAra-kArikA-4 bhAga-1, 1/22, pR. 96 (41) nyAyAvatAravivRtti 4, pR. 3 (56) tattvArthAdhigamasUtra 1/32 (42) iMdriyAnindriyAnapekSamatItavyabhicAraM sAkAragrahaNaM prtykssm| (57) zeSANamiti nAraka devebhyaH zeSANAM tiryagyonijAnAM manuSyANAM tattvArthavArtika, siMdhI jaina graMthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, c| sabhASya tattvArthAdhigamasUtra, 1/23 kalakattA 1939, 1/12 (58) sarvArthasiddhi 1/22, pR. 90 (43) nyAyavinizcaya, zloka-3 (59) yathokta samyagdarzanAdimittasaMnidhAne sati zAMtakSINa karmaNAM (44) laghIyastraya, sampA nyAyakumudacaMdra, siMdhI jaina graMthamAlA, tsyoplbdhirbhvti| vahI-1/22, pR. 90 ahamadAbAda, kalakattA 1939, 4 (60) tadyathA anAnugAmikaM, AnugAmikaM, hIyamAnaka, vardhamAnakaM, (45) pratyakSaM kalpanApoDaM vedyate'ti prisphuttm| tattvasaMgraha, anavasthitam avasthitamiti. sabhASyatattvArthAdhi. 1/23 'kamalazIta, sampA. dvArikAdAsa zAstrI, bauddha bhAratI, (61) sarvArthasiddhi 1/22 vArANasI prathama saMskaraNa, 1968, kArikA 1234. (62) tattvArthavArtika 1/22 (46) tacca jJAnarUpavedanamAtmanaH sAkSAtkAri nirvikalpaM abhrAMtaM (63) sabhASyatattvArthAdhi. 1/22 c| tataH prtykssN| nyAyabindu, sampA. pI.AI. tarkasa, nUtana (64) vahI. 1/22 mudraNAlaya, akolA 1952, 1/10 (65) vahI. 1/22 (47) parIkSAmukha-2-3 (66) vahI. 1/22 saasudridrbaridroidroidroidroinsanilaodindow37 Hardranitronidanitariandidroidisaoratdadadaudra
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________________ -catIndrasUri smArakagranya - jaina darzada (67) vahI. 1/22 (82) sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra. 1/28 (68) vahI. 1/22 (83) tddntbhaagemnHpryaaysy| vahI-1/29. (69) desohI, paramohI, savvohi ti ya tighA ohii| (84) sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra-1/30. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 372 zrIparamazruta prabhAvaka maMDala (85) nandIsUtra-3 zrImad rAjacaMdra Azrama, agAsa vi.saM. 2041 (86) eganteNa parokkhaM liMgiya mohAiyaM ca pcckkhN| iMdriya (70) gommaTasAra, jIvakAMDa - 376 maNomavaM jaM taM saMvavahAra pcckkhN|| vizeSAvazyakabhASya (71) Avazyakaniyukti zrI bherUlAla kanhaiyAlAla koThArI gA. 95. dhArmika TrasTa muMbaI, vi.saM. 2038, 26-28.76. (87) (a) tatra sAMvyAvahArika indriyAnindriyam prtykssN| (72) vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA. 578 laghIyastraya-4 (73) sabhASya tattvArthAdhigamasUtra 1/24, pR. 42 (ba) mukhyasAMvyavahArikabhedena dvaividhyaM pratyakSasya .... pramANa (74) AhArasarIriMdiyapajjattI ANapANabhAsa maanno| gommaTasAra mImAMsA-1/14 jIvakANDa 118. (sa) pratyakSaM dvividhaM-sAMvyavahArikaM pAramArthikaM ceti| jaina (75) aavshykniyukti-76| tarkabhASA, sampA. paM. sukhalAlajI saMghavI, sarasvatI pustaka (76) nandIsUtra (nandIsUtra anuyogadArAI) 23-25. bhaMDAra, ahamadAbAda 1993, pR. 4 (88) etacca dvividhaM iMdriyajama, anindriyajaM c| jainatarkabhASA. (77) RjuvipulamatI mnHpryaayH| sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra pR.5 (78) gommaTasAra-jIvakANDa-440. (89) sabhASyatattvArthAdhi. 1/14. (79) sarvArthasiddhi 1/9, tattvArtharAjavArtika-1.26. (90) avagrahehApAyadhAraNA bhedAccaturvidham-jainatarkabhASA-pR. 6. (91) pramANanayatattvAloka-2.8 (80) vizeSAvazyakabhASya-84 (92) svotpattAvAtmavyApAramAtrApekSaM paarmaarthik| jainatarkabhASA-pR. 291 / (81) sabhASyatattvArthAdhigamasUtra-1/26. 1/24 arordroinod-orbrotrowonidiromanimoombridwo[38 r ordNGrodrowdnidrord-66rdnanbarodnirdwordwar