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________________ RSibhASita aura pAli jAtaka meM pratyeka-buddha kI avadhAraNA ____ DaoN0 dazaratha goMDa jainAcAryoM ne, vizeSakara zvetAmbarAcAryoM ne bauddhoM kI hI bhA~ti pratyeka buddhoM kI kalpanA kI hai aura donoM paramparAoM meM pratyeka-buddha una AtmaniSTha sAdhakoM kI saMjJA hai jo gRhastha hote hue kisI eka nimitta se vodhi prApta kara leM, apane Apa pravajita hoM aura binA upadeza kiye zarIrAnta kara mokSa lAbha kreN|' yadyapi donoM hI paramparAoM meM pratyeka-buddhoM ke yatra-tatra aneka sandarbha haiM, para jaina paramparA meM unakA vizeSa ullekha RSibhASita evaM uttarAdhyayana meM prApta hotA hai| bauddha sAhitya meM to pratyeka-buddhoM ke aneka sandarbha haiM, parantu prAcIna pAli sAhitya meM unake viSaya meM sUcanA kA eka mahattvapUrNa srota jAtaka sAhitya hai| yaha tathya apane Apa meM rocaka aura mahattvapUrNa hai kyoMki jahA~ RSibhASita meM prAcIna RSiyoM ke rUpa meM pratyeka-buddhoM kA ullekha hai aura paramparAnusAra unheM ariSTanemi, pArzvanAtha tathA mahAvIra ke zAsanakAla kA kahA gayA hai, vahIM para jAtakoM meM bhI pratyeka-buddhoM kA sandarbha gautama buddha ke pUrva jIvana kI kathAoM se jor3A gayA hai / prastuta lekha kA uddezya bauddha aura jaina paramparA ke ina do mahattvapUrNa granthoM meM pratyeka-buddha kI avadhAraNA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana hai| RSibhASita (isibhAsiyAI) jaina sAhitya meM RSibhASita kA sandarbha to bahuta pahale se jJAta thA, parantu pahalI bAra yaha grantha 1927 meM prakAza meM aayaa| samprati "isibhAsiyAiM" zIrSaka se isakA prasiddha jarmana vidvAn DaoN0 vAlthera zubiga dvArA sampAdita saMskaraNa upalabdha hai aura hAla hI meM DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina mahodaya ne isakA eka sArabhita adhyayana bhI prakAzita kiyA hai| yaha rocaka hai ki jahA~ zvetAmbara jaina Agama granthoM meM RSibhASita ke sandarbha prApta hote haiM, vahIM prakIrNaka granthoM meM 1. dekhie malAlazekhara : DikzanarI oNpha pAli prApara nemsa, khaNDa 2, pRSTha 94, sandarbha "pacvekabuddha"; puggala paJjati (pI0TI0esa0 saMskaraNa ) pRSTha 14; varNI, jinendra : jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 3, sandarbha "buddha"; jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, khaNDa 6, pRSTha 160 / patteyavRddhamisiNo bIsaM tinthe ariTaThaNemisma / pAsassa ya paNNa dasa vIrassa vilINamohasta / / ----isibhAsiyAI; jaina, sAgaramala : RSibhASita eka adhyayana, pRSTha 11 bhI draSTavya / zabiga, vAlthera (sampAdaka ) : isibhAsiyAI ( ela0DI0 sirIja 45 ), ela0DI0 isTiTiTyUTa oNpha iNDolAjI, ahamadAbAda, 1974. yaha grantha lekhaka ke mUla jarmana kA bhAratIya saMskaraNa hai| 4. jaina, sAgaramala : RSibhASita eka adhyayana ( prAkRta bhAratI puSpa 49) prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura 1988 /
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________________ 228 RSibhASita aura pAli jAtaka meM pratyeka buddha kI avadhAraNAM usakI gaNanA kA ullekha bhI milatA hai, aura Avazyaka - niyuktikAra kA isa prakAra kA kathana bhI hai ki unakI RSibhASita para bhI niryukti racane kI yojanA thI / vastutaH RSibhASita upalabdha jaina Agama kA aMga nahIM hai aura zvetAmbara - digambara kisI bhI paramparA meM ise sthAyI sthAna nahIM prApta huA / ' DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina jI kA yaha anumAna satya pratIta hotA hai ki apanI vikAsazIla prArambhika avasthA meM jaina paramparA ko vizuddha rUpa se AdhyAtmika upadezoM kA hI saMkalana hone ke kAraNa RSibhASita ko apane Agama meM sthAna dene meM koI bAdhA nahIM pratIta huI hogI; parantu jaba jaina saMgha ne eka suvyavasthita evaM rUr3ha paramparA kA rUpa grahaNa kara liyA, taba usake liye anya paramparAoM ke sAdhakoM ko AtmasAt kara pAnA kaThina ho gayA / phalataH eka prakIrNaka grantha ke rUpa meM usakI gaNanA kI jAne lagI aura usakI prAmANikatA surakSita rakhane ke liye use pratyeka-buddha bhASita mAnA gayA / RSibhASita meM RSi, parivrAjaka, brAhmaNa parivrAjaka arhat, RSi, buddha, arhat RSi, arhat RSi Adi vizeSaNoM se yukta vibhinna sAdhakoM ke vacanoM kA ullekha huA hai / ina vizeSaNoM meM pratyeka-buddha kA abhAva hai / para yaha ullekhanIya hai ki RSibhASita ke anta meM prApta hone vAlI saMgrahaNI gAthA' meM evaM RSimaNDala meM sabhI ko pratyeka buddha kahA gayA hai aura yaha bhI carcA hai ki inameM se 20 ariSTanemi ke, 15 pArzvanAtha ke aura zeSa mahAvIra ke zAsana kAla meM hue / " samavAyAMga meM RSibhASita ke mahattvapUrNa ullekha meM ina RSiyoM ko "devaloka se 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. RSibhASita kI sthiti ke liye vistAra se dekheM : zUviMga dvArA sampAdita "isibhAsiyAI" IT bhUmikA bhAga aura jaina, sAgaramala : RSibhASita - eka adhyayana, pRSTha 1-4 / jaina, sAgaramala : uparokta, pRSTha 10 - 11 / patteya buddhamisiNo vIsaM titthe ariTThaNemissa / pAsassa ya paNNassa vIrassa vilINamohassa // 1 // nArada - vajjiya- putte asite aMgarisi- pupphasAle ya / vakkalakummA kevala kAsava taha tetalisutte ya // 2 // maMkhalI jaNNabhayAli bAhuya mahu soriyANa vidUvipU / varisakaNhe Ariya ukkalavAdI ya tasaNe ya / / 3 / / gaddabha rAme ya tahA harigiri ambaDa mayaMga vAratA / taMso ya a ya vaddhamANe vA tIsa tIme // 4 // pAse piMge aruNe isigiri adAlae ya vitteya | sirigiri sAtiyaputte saMjaya dIvAyaNe ceva / / 5 / / tatto ya iMdaNAge soma yame ceva hoi varuNe ya / ve samaNe ya mahatyA cattA paMceva akkhAe // 6 // - isibhAsiyAI saMgrahiNI gAthA pariziSTa / AcArAMga cUrNi meM RSimaNDala stava ( isimaNDalatthau ) nAmaka grantha kA ullekha hai / isameM RSibhASita ke aneka RSiyoM evaM unake upadezoM kA saMketa hai, jo isa bAta kA paricAyaka hai ki RSimaNDala kA karttA RSibhASita se avazya avagata thA / dekhie jaina, sAgaramala : vahI, pR0 11 /
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________________ dazaratha goMDa 229 cyuta" kahA gayA hai / vahA~ pratyeka buddha kA koI sandarbha to nahIM hai, parantu usI grantha meM praznavyAkaraNa kI viSaya-vastu kA vivaraNa dete hue yaha kahA gayA hai- " isameM svasamaya aura parasamaya ke pravaktA pratyeka buddhoM ke vicAroM kA saMkalana hai / "" cU~ki RSibhASita praznavyAkaraNadazA kA hI eka bhAga mAnA gayA thA, isaliye uparyukta kathana RSibhASita ke RSiyoM ke parokSarUpa se "pratyeka-buddha" hone kA saMketa karatA hai / pratyeka buddha kI saMjJA kA spaSTa ullekha to hameM RSibhASita ke anta meM prApta hone vAlI usa saMgrahaNI gAthA meM hI milatA hai jisakA Upara ullekha kiyA gayA hai / RSibhASita meM kula 45 RSiyoM ke vacanoM kA saMkalana hai : devanArada, vajjIputta, asita devala, aMgirasa bhAradvAja, puSpazAlaputta, valkalacIrI, kummAputta, ketalIputta, mahAkAzyapa, tetalIputra, maMkhaliputta, jaNNavakka (yAjJavalkya), metejja bhayAlI, bAhuka, madhurAyaNa, zauryAyaNa, vidura, vAriSeNa kRSNa, AriyAyaNa, utkaTa, gAthApatiputra taruNa, gardabhAla ( dagabhAla), rAmaputta, harigiri, ambaDa parivrAjaka, mAtaGga, vArattaka, Ardraka, varddhamAna, vAyu, pArzva, piMga, mahAzAlaputra aruNa, RSigiri, uddAlaka, nArAyaNa ( tArAyaNa), zrIgiri, sAriputra, saMjaya, dvaipAyaNa ( dIvAyaNa ), indranAga ( iMdanAga), soma, yama, varuNa aura vaizramaNa / devanArada ke upadeza kI vizeSatA pavitratA ko mukti kA AdhAra mAnanA aura jAne mAne ahiMsAdi pA~ca vratoM ke rUpa meM zuddhatA kI paribhASA karanA hai / vajjIputta moha ko karma kA mUla srota mAnate the aura bIja tathA aMkura kI bhA~ti janma-maraNa cakra kI kalpanA karate the / asita devala ke upadeza meM nivRtti aura anAsakti para bala hai / aMgirasa bhAradvAja apanI manovRttiyoM ke nirIkSaNa dvArA pApa karma se bacane kA upadeza dete the / puSpazAla putra ke upadeza meM bhI AcaraNa kI zuddhatA para hI bala hai aura ahiMsAdi niyamoM kA vidhAna hai / unakI mukti kI avadhAraNA AtmasAkSAtkAra ke rUpa meM hai / valkalacIrI ke upadeza kA mUlAdhAra hai kAma bhAvanA kA saMyamana aura brahmacarya kA pAlana / kummAta nirAkAMkSI hone kA upadeza dete the / ketalIputra rezama ke kIr3e kI bhA~ti apanA bandhana tor3a kara mukta hone kI bAta karate the / mahAkAzyapa kA upadeza saMtativAda kahA gayA hai aura inhoMne nirvANa kI upamA dIpaka ke zAnta hone se dI hai / tetalIputra jIvana kI nirAzAoM ko hI vairAgya kA preraka tattva mAnate the / maMkhaliputta kA suparicita upadeza vizva kI ghaTanAoM ko apane niyakrama se ghaTita hone aura yaha samajha kara unase kSubdha na hone kA hai / jaNNavakka lokaiSaNA aura vittaiSaNA ke parityAga kA upadeza dete the / metejja bhayAlI bhI Atma vimukti kI carcA karate the aura inakA darzana eka prakAra kA akArakavAda pratIta hotA hai kyoMki ve sat aura asat kA koI kAraNa nahIM svIkAra karate the / bAhuka bhI cintana kI zuddhi aura niSkAmatA kA upadeza dete the / madhurAyaNa AtmA ko apane hI karmoM kA kartA bhoktA svIkAra karate hue pApa mArga ke tyAga dvArA mukti kA upadeza dete the / zauryAyaNa indriyajanya sukha ko hI rAgadveSa kA kAraNa svIkAra karate hue indriyoM ke saMyamana kA upadeza dete the / vidura ke upadeza meM svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura ahiMsaka pravRtti para bala hai / vAriSeNa kRSNa siddhi kI prApti ke liye anAvaraNIya karmoM se virata rahane aura ahiMsAdi ke pAlana kA upadeza dete the / ariyAyaNa 1. sasamaya para samaya paNNavaya patteyabuddha - vivihtthabhAsAbhAsiyANaM paNhAvAgaraNadasAsu NaM samavAyAMga sUtra 546 /
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________________ 230 RSibhASita aura pAli jAtaka meM pratyeka-buddha kI avadhAraNA Aryatva kI prApti ke rUpa meM mukti kI kalpanA karate the| utkaTa zIrSaka se bhautikavAdI RSiyoM kI carcA hai, jo AtmA, punarjanma, pApa, puNya, Adi kA bheda svIkAra nahIM karate the aura vividha rUpoM meM sukhavAda kA upadeza dete the| gAthApatiputra taruNa ajJAnatA ko hI parama duHkha kahate the aura mukti ke liye jJAnamArga kA upadeza dete the| yaha rocaka hai ki inakI jJAna kI avadhAraNA atyanta vistRta tathA udAra thI aura isameM auSadhiyoM kA vinyAsa, saMyojana aura mizraNa tathA vividha sAdhanAoM kI sAdhanA bhI samAviSTa thii| gardabhAla (dagabhAla) ke upadeza meM hiMsA rahita hone kI carcA hai / ye bhI jJAna aura dhyAna ke hI upadezaka the| rAmaputta saMsAra-vimukti ke liye jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke pAlana kA upadeza dete the aura karmaraja se mukti ke liye tapa kA vidhAna karate the| harigiri ke siddhAnta meM niyativAda aura puruSArthavAda ke samanvayaka ke rUpa meM karma-siddhAnta ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ambaDa parivrAjaka apanI AcAra paramparA ke kAraNa hI cacita huye| mAtaGga janma ke AdhAra para varga bheda svIkAra nahIM karate the aura AdhyAtmika kRSi para bala dete the| vArattaka akiMcanatA ko zramaNatva kA Adarza mAnate the| Ardraka bhI kAmabhogoM ko sabhI duHkhoM ke mUla meM dekhate the| varddhamAna kA bhI arhat RSi ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| ve indriya aura mana ke saMyama para bala dete haiM aura karma raja ke Asrava, nirodha Adi kI prakriyA samajhAte haiM / vAyu ke upadeza meM bhI karma-siddhAnta kA nirUpaNa hai aura bIja ke aMkurita hone se usakI upamA dI gayI hai| pArzva nAmaka arhat RSi loka ko zAzvata mAnate huye bhI ise pAriNAmika yA parivartanazIla kahate the aura puNya-pApako jIvana kA svakRtya svIkAra karate haye mukti ke liye cAturyAma kA upadeza dete the| piMga bhI AdhyAtmika kRSi ke hI upadezaka the aura AtmA ko kSetra, tapa ko bIja, saMyama ko naMgala aura ahiMsA tathA samiti ko baila mAnate the| mahAzAlaputra aruNa ke upadeza meM saMsarga kA sarvAdhika prabhAva svIkAra karate huye kalyANa mitratA para bala diyA gayA hai| RSigiri ke vacana meM sahanazIlatA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa guNa hai| uddAlaka krodhAdi kaSAyoM ko sAMsArika bandhana kA kAraNa batAte the aura krodha, ahaMkAra, mAyA, lobha ityAdi se virati kA upadeza dete the| nArAyaNa (tArAyaNa) ke upadeza meM bhI krodha ko hI pradhAna doSa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| zrIgiri eka prakAra se zAzvatavAdI the unake AcAra meM vaidika karmakANDa kA samarthana jhalakatA hai / sAriputra nAmaka arhat buddha RSi ko ativarNanA aura madhyama mArga kI sAdhanA se jor3A gayA hai| saMjaya hara prakAra ke pApa karma se virata rahane kA upadeza dete haiM / dvaipAyana (dIvAyaNa) icchAoM ke damana kI bAta karate haiM aura usI ko sukha kA mUla mAnate haiM / indranAga (iMdanAga) bhI viSaya-vAsanA se mukti kI carcA karate haiM aura muni ko vibhinna prakAra kI vidyAoM ke Azraya, bhaviSyakathana Adi dvArA AjIvikA prApti se bacane kI salAha dete haiN| soma ke upadeza meM nirantara AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke liye prayatnazIla rahane kA udbodhana hai / yama lAbha-hAni se aprabhAvita rahane ko hI zreSTha guNa mAnate haiN| varuNa bhI rAgadveSa se aprabhAvita hone kA upadeza dete haiM aura vaizramaNa ke vacana meM ahiMsA ke pAlana para bala hai| 1. 45 pratyeka-buddhoM ke vistAra ke liye dekhiye, saM0 vAlthera zUbiMga : isibhAsiyAI; evaM jaina, sAgaramala : RSibhASita eka adhyayana /
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________________ dazaratha goMDa 231 uparyukta carcA se spaSTa hai ki kucha ine-gine apavAdoM ko chor3akara sabhI RSiyoM ke upadeza mukti-mArga ke hI upadeza haiM / sImita upalabdha sAmagrI se unameM pratyeka kA dArzanika dRSTikoNa to pUrNatayA spaSTa nahIM hotA, aura yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki jisa yuga kA yaha sandarbha hai usakI dRSTi se vibhinna dArzanika dRSTikoNoM meM vastutaH paripakvatA kA abhAva rahA ho aura kiMcit aspaSTatA rahI ho / parantu yaha nirvivAda hai ki prAyaH pratyeka ke upadeza meM AcAra-vicAra kI zuddhatA para bala hai aura indriya saMyama, anAsakti, ahiMsAdi vratoM ke pAlana kA upadeza hai / saMkSepa meM isameM koI saMdeha nahIM pratIta hotA ki sAmAnya rUpa se RSibhASita ke ye RSi prAyaH zramaNa parivrAjaka paramparA kI hI vizeSatA liye hue haiM / parantu hamArI dRSTi se eka atyanta rocaka tathya yaha hai ki uparyukta sUcI meM kucha aparicita nAmoM ke sAtha aneka suparicita nAma haiM, jo na kevala anyatra jaina sAhitya meM prApta hote haiM, apitu bauddha aura brAhmaNa sAhitya bhI milate haiM / kucha to aise nAma haiM jo aitihAsika svIkAra kiye jAte haiM aura jinase jur3e upadeza anya srotoM se bhI bhalI-bhA~ti samarthita haiM / yaha bhI rocaka hai ki isa sUcI meM pArzva, varddhamAna, maMkhaliputra, mahAkAzyapa, sAriputra, Adi suparicita nAma bhI haiM aura inake sAtha jur3e upadezoM kI jJAta sUcanAoM se kahIM koI visaMgati nahIM hai / " jAtaka jAtaka kathAoM meM buddha ke pUrva janma kI kathAeM saMgrahIta haiM jaba buddha ne buddhatva kI abhIpsA meM apanI bodhisattva avasthA meM pAramitAoM kA abhyAsa kiyA thA / theravAdI paramparA meM ina kathAoM ko suttapiTaka ke khuddakanikAya meM sthAna diyA gayA hai / isake saMketa haiM ki mUla jAtaka gAthA rUpa meM the aura AkAra meM saMkSipta aura anumAnataH pratyeka jAtaka ke liye maukhika kathA kahI jAtI thI / buddha ke pUrva janmoM kI ye kathAyeM itanI pracalita ho gayI thIM ki unake saMketa rUpa gAthA kA hI ullekha kara denA paryApta hotA thA aura utane se hI kathA samajha lI jAtI thI / ye kathAyeM vismRta na ho jAya~ isaliye kAlA tara meM prAcIna gAthAa aura unase saMyukta maukhika kathAoM ne sammilita rUpa se jAtakaTThakathA kA rUpa liyA / isoM samaya jisa jAtaka se hama prAyaH paricita haiM vaha yahI prAcIna jAtakaTukathA yA jAtakaTTavaNNanA 1. 2. RSibhASita kI sUcI ke anya aneka RSiyoM aura unake matoM ko pahacAnane kI ceSTA kI jA sakatI hai / sAgaramala jaina jI ke adhyayana meM isa prakAra kA prayAsa hai| unhoMne rAmaputtaRSi ko gautama buddha ke guru rudraka rAmaputta ke rUpa meM pahacAnane kI ceSTA kI hai / yaha rocaka hai ki RSibhASita meM mahAkAzyapa aura sAriputra ko to sthAna milA hai kintu unake zAstA ko gautama nahIM / buddha 7 jAtaka sAhitya se sAmAnya paricaya ke liye dekhie viNTaraniTz2a, ema0 e hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara, khaNDa 2, pRSTha 713 aura Age; upAdhyAya, bharata siMha, pAli sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 297 aura Age; jAtaka, aMgrejI anuvAda, saM0, I0vI0 kAvela, khaNDa 1, prAkkathana; hindI anuvAda --- bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana, khaNDa 1 vastukathA Adi / prastuta lekha meM pAda-TippaNiyoM meM jAtakoM ke sabhI sandarbha bhadanta kausalyAyana mahodaya ke hindI anuvAda se diye gaye haiM /
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________________ 232 RSibhASita aura pAli jAtaka meM pratyeka-buddha kI avadhAraNA hai| isI ko uccAraNa kI sukaratA ke lie prAyaH jAtaka kaha diyA jAtA hai| jAtakaTThakathA meM choTe-bar3e pA~ca sau saiMtAlisa jAtakoM kA saMgraha hai, jo vibhinna paricchedoM meM vibhAjita hai| zailI aura svarUpa kI dRSTi se pratyeka jAtaka ke pA~ca tattva haiM, yathA-paccuppannavatthu, atItavatthu, gAthA, atthavaSNanA yA veyyAkaraNa aura smodhaan| atItavatthu yA atIta kathA bhAga meM hI buddha ke pUrva janma kA vRttAnta AtA hai aura isaprakAra isI bhAga ke lie jAtaka nAma sArthaka hai| pAli jAtaka kathAoM ke atIta kathA bhAga meM pratyeka buddhoM ke aneka sandarbha prApta hote haiN| bauddha sAdhanoM meM arhat pada ke hI samakakSa parantu svatantra eka anya zIla-sampanna, Asravarahita viraja, vimala cakSu prApta kiye vimukta prANI kA pada thA, pratyeka-buddha kA aura apanI ati-viziSTa avadhAraNA tathA lokapriyatA kI dRSTi se yaha atyanta mahattvapUrNa pratIta hotA svayaM jAtaka isakI lokapriyatA ke pramANa haiM, kyoMki vahA~ upalabdha kathAoM meM pratyeka-buddhoM ke aneka sasammAna ullekha haiM / Abhirmika bauddhoM kI vikasita paramparA kA eka mahattvapUrNa pakSa mukta koTiyoM kI avadhAraNA se jur3A hai| gautamabuddha ke mahAparinirvANa ke anantara jaba kramazaH buddha pada kA vikAsa hone lagA aura buddha adhikAdhika guNoM, vizeSaNoM se vibhUSita kiye jAne lage, usa sthiti meM svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha bhI vikAsa huA ki yaha pada virala hai, sarva-sulabha nahIM hai aura buddha pada kI prApti aneka pUrva janmoM kI tapasyA se hI sambhava hotI hai| sAmAnya muktoM yA arhatoM se bheMTa karane ke liye hI buddha ke liye samyak sambuddha vizeSaNa kI AvazyakatA par3I hogii| parantu arhat aura pratyeka-buddha kA paraspara bheda kisa prakAra vikasita huA, yaha anumAna karanA kaThina hotA hai / paribhASA se pratyeka-buddha binA kisI kI sahAyatA aura pUrNataH nija prayatna se jJAna prApta karate haiM, parantu jJAna kA prakAzana kiye binA hI zarIra tyAga karate haiN| jaisA nIce spaSTa hogA, jAtakoM se yaha paribhASA isa sImA taka avazya samarthita hai ki vahA~ bhI kabhI-kabhI isa prakAra ke sandarbha milate haiM ki pratyeka buddha zIla kA prakAzana nahIM karate / parantu jAtakoM ke aneka sandarbho meM svayaM bodhisattva ke pratyeka-buddhoM ke prati zraddhA evaM bhaktibhAva rakhane, unase upadeza sunane aura preraNA prApta kara pravrajyA-grahaNa karane ke ullekha haiN| jabaki jAtakoM meM bodhisattva ke kisI arhat se upadeza sunane kA koI bhI sandarbha nahIM miltaa| vahA~ to unake dvArA kisI anya buddha se jJAna prApta karane kA bhI koI udAharaNa nahIM milatA, yadyapi isa prakAra ke kaI saMketa haiM ki buddha aneka haiM aura kAzyapa buddha ke ekAdhika ullekha bhI haiN| mahAvessantara jAtaka' meM vipazyI nAmaka samyak sambuddha kA ullekha hai| isa sthiti meM yaha 1. dekhie malAlazekhara, DikzanarI oNpha pAli prApara nemsa, khaNDa 2, pR0 94 aura Age, saMdarbha "pacceka buddha", au "puggala-pati (pI0TI0esa0 saMskaraNa ), pR0 14 / 2. mahAjanaka jAtaka, 539, khaNDa 6, pR0 5 / ( gAthA 22 ) 3. dekhiye jAtaka, 96 khaNDa / ; 132 khaNDa 2; 408, 415, 418, 459, 490, 495, - khaNDa 4; ityAdi / jAtaka, khaNDa 1, saMkhyA 4, 41; khaNDa 2, saMkhyA 104, 190, 243; khaNDa 4, saMkhyA 439 469; khaNDa 5, saMkhyA 537; khaNDa 6; saMkhyA 547. 5. jAtaka, khaNDa 6, saMkhyA 547 /
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________________ dazaratha goMDa 233 sahaja zaMkA hotI hai ki bauddha dharma meM pratyeka-buddhoM kI avadhAraNA mukta padoM kI kinhIM prAcIna svatantra mAnyatAoM para TikI hai, aura ho sakatA hai ki kisI-kisI udAharaNa meM usakA aitihAsika AdhAra bhI ho| yaha dhyAna meM rakhate hue ki zramaNa-parivrAjaka paramparA atyanta prAcIna hai aura vikAsa ke prArambhika caraNa meM yaha viziSTa samudAya yA sampradAya ke rUpa meM vibhAjita nahIM thI, yaha kalpanIya hai ki isI paramparA meM Adara prApta kinhIM viziSTa vyaktitvoM ko bauddha dharma ne AtmasAt kara liyA aura inheM pratyeka-buddha koTi meM sthAna diyaa| anya kisI prakAra se jAtakoM kI sAmagrI kI samucita vyAkhyA nahIM ho paatii| jAtakoM meM prAyaH kAma-tRSNA se virati athavA sabhI sAMsArika vastuoM kI anityatA Adi kI vidarzanA-bhAvanA se pratyeka-buddhatva prApti ke sandarbha milate haiN| pAnIya jAtaka meM svayaM baddha prAcInakAla meM, jaba baddha utpanna nahIM hae the. paNDitoM dvArA kAma-vitarkoM kA damana : pratyeka-buddha hone kA ullekha karate haiM aura isI saMdarbha meM ve pA~ca pratyeka-buddhoM kI kathA bhI kahate haiM / isa kathA meM kAzI rASTra ke do mitroM kI carcA meM eka ke pIne ke lie jala curAne ke pApa kI bhAvanA kA vicAra kara aura dUsare ke uttama-rUpa vAlI strI ko dekhakara caMcala mana hone kA dhyAna kara pratyeka-buddha kA ullekha hai| donoM ke hI saMdarbho meM pApa-karma para dhyAna ko vidarzanA-bhAvanA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai aura pratyeka-buddha ho jAne para unake rUpa parivartana hone, AkAza meM sthita hokara dharmopadeza karane aura uttara himAlaya meM nandamula parvata para cale jAne kI carcA hai| isI prakAra kI kAzI-grAmavAsI eka putra kI kathA hai jo apane asatya bhASaNa ( mRSAvAda ) ke pazcAttApa dvArA pratyeka-buddha hotA hai, aura usI sthAna ke eka grAma-bhojaka kI jo pazu-bali ke pApa ko vidarzanA-bhAvanA se pratyeka-buddha pada prApta karatA hai| kumbhakAra jAtaka meM bhI viSaya-vAsanA se bhare gRhastha jIvana kI nissAratA aura sarvasva tyAga dvArA akiMcanatA kI prApti Adi kI vidarzanA-bhAvanA dvArA kaI rAjAoM, yathA-kaliGganareza karaNDu, gandhAra-nareza naggajI videha-nareza nimI aura uttara pAMcAla-nareza dummukha ke pratyekabuddhatva lAbhI hone kI kathA milatI hai| sonaka jAtaka' meM zAlavRkSa se eka sUkhA pattA girate hue dekhakara eka vyakti meM zarIra kI jarA-mRtyu kI bhAvanA huI aura isa prakAra sAMsArika jIvana kI anityatA para vicAra kara usane pratyeka-bUddha pada prApta kiyaa| mahAmora jAtaka ke anusAra pratyeka-buddhatva jJAna kA lAbhI saba citta-maloM kA nAza kara saMsAra-sAgara ke anta para khar3A ho yaha kahatA hai-"jisa prakAra sarpa apanI purAnI keMculI chor3a detA hai aura vRkSa apane pIle-pattoM kA tyAga kara detA hai, usI prakAra maiM lobha-mukta haa|" kumbhakAra jAtaka' meM AlaMkArika bhASA meM isa avasthA kA citraNa mAtA kI kokha 1. jAtaka 459, khaNDa 4. pR0 314-316 / 2. jAtaka 408, khaNDa 4, pR0 37-40 / 3. jAtaka 529, khaNDa 5, pR0 332 / 4. jAtaka 491, khaNDa 4, gAthA 15, pR0 547 / 5. jAtaka 408, khaNDa 4, pR0 37-38 /
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________________ 234 RSibhASita aura pAlijAtaka meM pratyeka-buddha kI avadhAraNA rUpI kuTiyA ke nAza, tInoM bhavanoM meM janma kI sambhAvanA kA chinna-bhinna honA, saMsArarUpI kUr3e-kacar3e kA sthAna zuddha kara denA, A~suoM ke samudra ko sukhA denA, haDDiyoM kI cAra-dIvArI ko tor3a denA, saMkSepa meM janma-maraNa ke cakra se pUrNatayA mukta ho jAne ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| jAtakoM se pratyeka-buddhoM ke svarUpa ke vistRta aura rocaka vivaraNa milate haiN| unake kAmatRSNAse mukti kI to bAra-bAra carcA hai; yathA, mahAjanakajAtaka' ke anusAra pratyeka-buddha kAma-saMyojanoM ko kATakara, zIlAdi guNoM se yukta, akiMcana sukha kI kAmanA karane vAle, zIla kA vijJApana na karane aura badha-vandhana se virata hote haiM, aura dasa brAhmaNa jAtaka unheM sadAcArI aura maithunadharma se virata kahatA hai / para isake atirikta unake bAhya rUpa, sthAna, jIvana-paddhati Adi kI bhI carcA hai| dasa brAhmaNa jAtaka meM hI unheM eka hI bAra bhojana karane vAlA bhI kahA gayA hai| dhajaviheTha, kumbhakAra, dhammaddha, pAnIya Adi jAtako' se yaha saMketa prApta hota hai ki ye prAyaH kurUpa hote haiM, havA se naSTa bAdala aura rAha se mukta candramA kI taraha hote haiM, tathA sira-mUr3e se lekara do aMgula bAla vAle taka hote haiN| darImukha jAtaka' meM pratye dArA ATha pariSkAra dhAraNa karane kI carcA hai, yadyapi ye ATha pariSkAra kyA the yaha spaSTa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| pAnIya jAtaka ke anusAra pratyeka-buddha kASAya-vastradhArI hote aura surakta dupaTTA dhAraNa karate, kAya-bandhana bA~dhate, rakta-varNa uttarAsaGga cIvara eka kandhe para rakhate, megha-varNa pAsukUla cIvara dhAraNa karate, bhramara-varNa miTTI kA pAtra bA~yeM kandhe para laTakAte, Adi / mahAjanaka jAtaka meM bhI kucha isI prakAra kA vivaraNa hai; vahA~ bhI inake sira-mur3Ane, saMghATI dhAraNa karane, eka kASAya vastra pahanane, eka or3hane aura eka kandhe para rakhane kA ullekha hai tathA miTTI kA pAtra thailI meM kandhe para laTakAne aura hAtha meM daNDa lene kI carcA hai| kAsAva jAtaka kASAya vastra ke atirikta unake dvArA zastra dhAraNa karane va sira para TopI pahanane kI bhI carcA karatA hai| bahudhA jAtakoM meM uttara himAlaya kA nandamUla yA gandhamAdana-parvata pratyeka-buddhoM kA nivAsa sthAna kahA gayA hai| ve pratyeka-bodhi jJAna prApta kara Upara uThakara AkAza mArga se apane sthAna para pahu~cate haiM aura vahA~ udyAnoM meM aura maMgalazilAoM Adi sthAnoM para baiThate haiN| pratyeka buddhoM ke sthAna ke sandarbha meM jAtakoM meM anotatta-sarovara kI bhI carcA hai| sirikAla1. jAtaka 539, khaNDa 6, pR0 62 ( gAthA 115 ) aura 50-51 ( gAthA 22-24) / 2. jAtaka 495, khaNDa 4, pR0 575 / 3. jAtaka 495, khaNDa 4, pR0 575 / 4. jAtaka 391, khaNDa 3, pR0 454; 408, khaNDa 4, pR0 38; 220, khaNDa 2, pR0 392; 459, khaNDa 4, pR0 315 / 5. jAtaka 378, khaNDa 3, pR0 399 / 6. jAtaka 459, khaNDa 4, pR0 315 / 7. jAtaka 539, khaNDa 6, pR0 59-62 / 8. jAtaka 221, khaNDa 2, pR0 395 / 9. jAtaka 378, khaNDa 3, pR0 399; 421, khaNDa 4, pR0 111; 459, khaNDa 4, pR0 315; Adi /
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________________ dazaratha goMDa 235 kaNNa jAtaka ke anusAra yaha sarovara aneka ghAToM se yukta hotA hai, isameM buddhoM, pratyeka - buddhoM Adi ke apane-apane nizcita ghATa hote haiM / vastutaH bauddhoM kI anotatta-sarovara kI kalpanA atyanta manorama kalpanA hai aura vidvAnoM ne ise sampUrNa sRSTi ke pratIka ke rUpa meM dekhA hai / uparyukta jAtaka ke vivaraNa se bhI isakA gambhIra pratIkAtmaka mahattva dhvanita hotA hai, kyoMki usameM buddhoM, pratyeka buddhoM ke ghATa ke sAtha-sAtha bhikSuoM, tapasviyoM, cAturmahArAjika Adi svarga ke devatAoM ke apane-apane ghAToM kI bhI carcA hai / jAtaka pratyeka buddhoM ke bhikSATana ke lie nikalane kI bhI carcA karate haiM / mahAmora jAtaka prAtaHkAla ko pratyeka buddhoM ke bhikSATana kA ucita samaya batAtA hai / khadiraMgAra NITY se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki ve eka saptAha ke dhyAna ke bAda uThakara bhikSATana ke lie nikalate / khadiraMgAra aura kumbhakAra jAtaka meM pratyeka buddhoM ke bhikSATana yAtrA ke prArambha kA sundara varNana hai / yaha socakara ki Aja amuka sthAna para jAnA cAhie, pratyeka buddha nandamUla-parvata kSetra se nikala kara, anotatta sarovara para nAgalatA kI dAtuna kara, nitya karma se nivRtta ho, manozilA para khar3e ho, kAya-bandhana bA~dha, cIvara dhAraNa kara, Rddhimaya miTTI kA pAtra le, AkAza mArga se bhikSA ke lie gantavya sthAna ko jAte / mahAjanaka jAtaka ke anusAra saptAha bhara pAnI barasane para bhI bhIMge vastra meM hI bhikSATana ke lie nikalate / jAtakoM meM pratyeka-buddhoM ke prati bhaktibhAva aura unakI pUjA ke bhI paryApta sandarbha prApta hote haiM / mahAjanaka jAtaka meM pratyeka buddha ke lie "suriyuggamaNenidhi" vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jisakA yaha tAtparya batAyA gayA hai ki sUrya ke samAna hone se pratyeka-buddha hI sUrya hai / nizcaya hI isa upAdhi se samAja meM pratyeka-buddhoM ke AdarAspada hone kA saMketa milatA hai / dhamaddha, dhajaviheTha aura darImukha jAtaka' se yaha abhivyakta hotA ki muNDita zira vAle pratyekabuddha ko dekhakara janatA sira para hAtha jor3akara praNAma karatI tathA vidA karate samaya jaba taka ve A~kha se ojhala nahIM ho jAte, taba taka dasa nakhoM ke mela se anjali ko mastaka para rakhakara namaskAra karatI rahatI / pAnIya va kumbhakAra jAtaka " se jJAta hotA hai ki upAsaka unakI prazaMsA meM yaha stuti kahate ki "bhante ! ApakI pravrajyA aura dhyAna Apake hI yogya hai / " bhikkhA parampara 1. jAtaka 382, khaNDa 3, pR0 414 / 2. isake viSaya meM dekhiye malAlazekhara : DikzanarI oNpha pAli prApara nemsa, sandarbha / ( " anotatta" ) aura agravAla, vAsudevazaraNa : bhAratIya kalA, pR0 69, 114 aura cakradhvaja, pR0 36 / 3. jAtaka 491 khaNDa 4, pR0 546 / 4 jAtaka 40, khaNDa 1, pR0 349 / 5 jAtaka 40, khaNDa 1, pR0 349; aura 408, khaNDa 4, pR0 40 / 6. jAtaka 539, khaNDa 6, pR0 61, ( gAthA 111 ) / 7. jAtaka 539, khaNDa 7, pR0 8. jAtaka 220, khaNDa 2, pR0 9. jAtaka 459, khaNDa 4, pR0 46-47 / 392, 391, khaNDa 3, pR0 454, aura 378, khaNDa 3, pR0 402 // 317 - 318; aura 408, khaNDa 4, pR0 41 /
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________________ 236 RSibhASita aura pAlijAtaka meM pratyeka-buddha kI avadhAraNA jAtaka' meM pratyeka-buddha apane dharma kI abhivyakti isa rUpa meM karate haiM.-"na pakAtA hU~, na pakavAtA hU~, na kATatA hU~, na kaTavAtA huuN|" ataH upAsaka inheM akiMcana tathA saba pApoM se dUra jAnakara dAhine hAtha se kamaNDalu le,bA~yeM hA~tha se pavitra bhojana dete| bahudhA jAtakoM meM bhikSATana karate pratyeka-buddhoM ke prati upAsakoM dvArA kiye jAne vAlA Adara-satkAra isa rUpa meM varNita hai ki upAsaka loga unheM ghara le jAkara dakSiNodaka dete, pA~va dhote, sugandhita tela malate, Asana pradAna karate aura tatpazcAt unake liye uttama khAdya parosate, aura anta meM dAna dekara prArthanA kara unheM vidA krte| chaddanta jAtaka bodhisattva chaddanta dvArA pA~ca sau pratyeka-buddhoM ke liye kamala ke pattoM para madhura phala tathA "bhisa-mUla'' parosane kA ullekha karatA hai| bAhara kahIM bhI, mArga Adi meM jaba upAsakoM kI pratyeka-buddhoM se bheMTa ho jAtI to ve unake prati Adara-satkAra vyakta karate / saGgha aura kummAsapiNDa jAtaka' se jJAta hotA hai ki aise avasaroM para upAsakoM ke mana meM yaha bhAva hotA ki merA puNya kSetra A gayA hai, Aja mujhe isameM bIja DAlanA cAhiye, dAna kA yaha puNya-karma dIrgha-kAla taka mere hita-sukha ke liye hogA, ityAdi / ve pratyeka-buddha ko praNAma karate aura dAna svIkAra kara lene kI unakI anujJA jAna, ve vakSa kI chAyA meM bAla kA U~cA Asana taiyAra kara usa para apanI cAdara yA komala TahaniyA~ bichA kara pratyeka-buddha ko biThAte, done meM pAnI lAkara unheM dakSiNodaka dete, unheM kulmASa laDDa pradAna karate jo binA namaka, zakkara aura tela kA banA hotA, unake liye jUtA, chAtA Adi dAna karate aura unheM praNAma kara minnata Adi karake vidA krte| sthiti vizeSa meM upAsaka ke pAsa jo bhI hotA yA jisakI icchA hotI, usI ko dAna meM arpita kiyA jaataa| suruci jAtaka' meM eka vaMsakAra upAsaka pratyeka-buddha ko dekhakara unheM ghara le jAkara Adara-satkAra karatA hai aura unake varSAvAsa ke lie gaMgA taTa para gUlara kI jamIna aura bAMsa kI dIvAra kI parNa-kuTI banA, daravAjA lagA aura caGkramaNa bhUmi banAkara dAna karatA hai| varSAvAsa kI tIna mAsa kI avadhi pUrI hone para vaha unheM cIvara or3hAkara vidA karatA hai| dasa brAhmaNa aura Aditta jAtaka se jJAta hotA hai ki pratyeka-buddhoM ko unake mUla nivAsasthAna (uttara himAlaya kA nandamUlaka yA gandhamAdana-parvata pradeza) se bhI Amantrita karake Adara-satkAra karane kI prathA thii| isa prakAra ke satkAra meM prAtaHkAla hI khA-pIkara, uposathavrata rakhakara, camelI ke puSpoM kI TokarI le, prAsAda ke A~gana yA khule sthAna para apane pA~ca aMgoM ko bhUmi para pratiSThita kara, pratyeka-buddha ke guNoM kA anusmaraNa kiyA jAtA thA aura uttaradizA kI ora praNAma kara, usI dizA meM puSpoM kI sAta-ATha muTThiyA~ AkAza kI ora pheMka kara isa prakAra Agraha kiyA jAtA thA ki "uttara himAlaya ke nandamUla parvata para rakhane vAle 1. jAtaka 496, khaNDa 4, pR0 581 / 2. jAtaka 96, khaNDa 1; 390, khaNDa 3; 408, khaNDa 4; 459, khaNDa 4 Adi / 3. jAtaka 514, khaNDa 5, pR0 128 / / 4. jAtaka 442, khaNDa 4, pR0 215; aura 415, khaNDa 4, pR0 67 / 5. jAtaka 489, khaNDa 4, pR0 523 / 6. jAtaka 495, khaNDa 4, pR0 575; aura 424, khaNDa 4, pR0 129-131 /
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________________ dazaratha goMDa 237 pratyeka buddha kala hamArA nimantraNa svIkAra kareM / " nimantraNa ke liye uttara dizA kI ora pheMke ye puSpoM para hI pratyeka buddha vicAra karate the, kyoMki usI dizA meM unakA nivAsasthAna hai, aura puSpoM kA lauTakara na AnA isa bAta kA saMketa mAnA jAtA thA ki pratyeka buddhoM ne nimantraNa svIkAra kara liyA hai / aisA vizvAsa thA ki uposatha aMgoM (dAna, zIla, satya, Adi ) se yukta hone para jo puSpa pheMke jAte, ve avazya pratyeka-buddhoM para jAkara girate the / dhyAna se pratyeka buddha yaha jAna lete the ki amuka vyakti ne satkAra karane ke liye hameM Amantrita kiyA hai / ve samUhoM meM apane viziSTa AkAza mArga se vahA~ pahu~cate the / vahA~ satkAra kI prakriyA sAta dinoM taka calatI rahatI, usameM saba pariSkAroM kA dAna diyA jAtA aura pratyeka-buddha dAnAnumodana kara apane sthAna ko punaH lauTa jAte / dAnAnumodana meM ve isa prakAra upadeza karate ki "yaha saMsAra jarA aura maraNa se jala rahA hai, dAna dekara isase mukti prApta karo; jo diyA jAtA hai vahI surakSita hotA hai, ityAdi" / varNita rUpa meM pratyeka buddhoM ko nimantrita karake unakA AdarasatkAra karane kI uparyukta vidhi atiraMjita rUpa meM aura alaMkArika zabdAvalI meM varNita hai, parantu isase yaha spaSTa hai ki viziSTa nimantraNa dekara pratyeka buddhoM kA Adara-satkAra kiyA jAtA thA aura apane dAnAnumodana meM ve upAsakoM ko jJAna aura vairAgya kA upadeza dete the / pratyeka buddhoM ke apane vizvasta kula-upAsaka bhI hote the jo unakI sabhI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karate the / telapatta jAtaka' se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki kula vizvasta upAsaka unase apanI bhaviSya sambandhI bAteM bhI pUchate se / mahAjanaka jAtaka sUcanA detA hai ki nitya-bhojana grahaNa karane vAle pratyeka buddha ke sammAna meM unakA vizvasta kula upAsaka rAjA pratyeka-buddha ke AvAgamana kI sImA kSetra ke solaha sthAnoM para nidhi gAr3a kara rakhatA / ve solaha sthAna therAjadvAra, jahA~ pratyeka buddha kI agavAnI kI jAtI aura jahA~ se unheM vidA kiyA jAtA, rAjabhavana ke bar3e daravAje kI dehalI ke nIce, dehalI ke bAhara, dehalI ke andara, maMgala- hAthI para car3hane ke samaya sone kI sIr3hI rakhane ke sthAna para utarane ke sthAna para, cAramahAsAla arthAt rAjazaiyyA ke cAroM zAlamaya pauve ke nIce, zaiyA ke cAroM ora yuga bhara kI dUrI meM, maMgalahAthI ke sthAna para, usake donoM dA~toM ke sAmane ke sthAna para, maMgala-ghor3e kI pU~cha uThane ke sthAna para, maMgala-puSkariNI meM tathA zAla vRkSa ke maNDalAkAra vRkSa kI chAyA ke andara / chaddanta jAtaka' se yaha bhI vidita hotA hai ki vizvasta kula-upAsaka kI mRtyu hone para kula ke sadasya pratyeka buddha ke pAsa jAkara yaha Agraha karate ki "bhante ! ApakI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karane vAlA dAtA amuka kAraNa se mRtyu ko prApta huA hai, Apa usake zava ko dekhane ke lie AyeM" / pratyeka-buddha usa sthAna para pahu~cate / vahA~ unase zava kI vandanA karAyI jAtI, tatpazcAt zava ko citA para rakha kara jalA diyA jAtA, aura pratyeka buddha rAta bhara citA ke pAsa sUtra pATha karate / 1. jAtaka 96, khaNDa 1, pR0 558 / 2. jAtaka 539, khaNDa 6. pR0 42 aura 46-47 / 3. jAnaka 514, khaNDa 5 pR0 141-142 /
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________________ 238 RSibhASita aura pAlijAtaka meM pratyeka-buddha kI avadhAraNA jAtaka kathAyeM pratyeka-buddhoM ke dhAtu caityoM aura unakI pUjA ke bhI sandarbha pradAna karatI haiM / dhAtu se tAtparya zarIra-dhAtu yA asthiyoM se hai| asadda jAtaka' meM isa prakAra kI carcA hai ki nandamUla-parvata para apane Ayu-saMskAra kI samApti ko sannikaTa dekha pratyeka-buddha yaha vicAra karate haiM ki "bastI ke rAjodyAna meM parinirvRtta hone para manuSya merI zarIrakriyA kara, utsava manA, dhAtu-pUjA kara svarga-gAmI hoMge, aura nirvANarUpI nagara meM praveza ko prakaTa karane vAlA yaha udAna kahakara ki "maiMne niHsaMdeha janma kA anta dekha liyA, phira maiM, garbha zaiyA meM nahIM AU~gA, yaha merI antima garbha-zaiyA hai, merA saMsAra punarutpatti ke liye kSINa ho gayA", ve rAjodyAna meM eka puSpita zAlavRkSa ke nIce parinirvANa ko prApta hote / sumaGgala jAtaka meM mAlI ke hAtha pratyeka-buddha kI Akasmika mRtyu hone kI sthiti meM udyAna kA svAmI rAjA unakA zarIra-kRtya karate varNita hai / uparyukta donoM jAtakoM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki rAjA parinirvRtta pratyeka buddha ke zarIra kA saptAha bhara pUjotsava manA, saba sugandhiyoM se yukta citA para zarIra-kriyA karake, zarIra-dhAtu para cAra mahApathoM para dhUpa yA caitya banavAtA hai aura caitya kI pUjA karate hue pratyeka-buddha ke batAye dharmoM kA pAlana karane tathA dharmAnusAra rAjya karane kA vrata letA hai / rAjA ke dvArA hI zarIra-kriyA evaM caitya nirmANa karAye jAne kA yaha aucitya hai ki pratyeka-buddha rAjA ke "puNya kSetra' mAne jAte the, unake dvArA upadezita dharma kA pAlana rAjA kA dharma hotA thA, aura pratyeka-buddha rAjodyAna meM hI Thaharate the / pratyeka-buddhoM ke jIte jI unakI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karanA tathA parinirvRtta hone para unakI dhAtu-pUjA karanA rAjA kA Avazyaka dharma thA aura aisA karake ve svarga-gAmI hone kI kAmanA karate the| caitya AvAgamana ke suvidhAjanaka sthAnoM para hI banAye jAte the| pAli jAtaka sAhitya meM pratyeka-baddhoM ke saMdarbha meM uparokta prakAra kI hI sAmagrI hai| RSibhASita aura jAtaka meM pratyeka-buddhoM kI avadhAraNA ke svataMtra adhyayana se jo anumAna hotA hai, donoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se vaha bhalI-bhA~ti saMpuSTa hotA hai| mila-julakara donoM paramparAoM ke sAkSya yaha bhalI-bhA~ti siddha karate haiM ki pratyeka-buddhoM kI avadhAraNA mUlataH na to jaina paramparA kI hai, na bauddha paramparA kI; balki unheM svataMtra koTi meM hI rakhanA caahiye| jisa sImA taka viziSTa-viziSTa nAmadhArI pratyeka-buddhoM kA aitihAsika AdhAra svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, unheM sAmAnya rUpa se zIla aura mokSa mArga ke upadezaka mAnanA cAhiye, aura yadyapi unameM viziSTa vaidika RSiyoM ke bhI sammilita hone kI sambhAvanA hai, jaisA ki RSibhASita kI sAmagrI se dhvanita bhI hotA hai, sAmAnya rUpa se unheM zramaNa parivrAjaka paramparA kA hI aMga svIkAra karanA cAhiye, kyoMki mokSa mArga kA upadeza aura zuddha AcAra-vicAra ko usakA AdhAra banAnA, ahiMsA, brahmacarya, Adi ko mokSa mArga kA abhinna aMga mAnanA, gRhastha jIvana ko doSapUrNa mAnakara pravrajana kA upadeza denA, ye saba usI paramparA kI vizeSatAyeM haiN| yaha sarvasvIkRta tathya hai ki vaidika yajJa paramparA kI hI bhA~ti zramaNa parivrAjaka paramparA kA bhI dIrghakAlIna itihAsa hai| prAcIna vaidika sAhitya meM isa viSaya ke 1. jAtaka 418-, khaNDa 4- pR0 92-93 / 2. jAtaka 420, khanDa 4- pR0 100 /
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________________ dazaratha goMDa 239 sandarbha bhale hI saMkhyA meM kama hoM, ve sabhI mahattvapUrNa haiM, aura zramaNa dharma kI prAcInatA ko siddha karate haiN| abhI hAla taka yahI mAnane kI pravRtti thI ki vaidika yajJa paramparA aura pazu hiMsA ke Alocaka hone ke kAraNa isa paramparA ko anivAryataH anArya aura avaidika honA cAhiye / kabhI-kabhI Adhunika vidvAn isI sUtra se zramaNa paramparA kA sambandha saindhava saMskRti se bhI jor3ate haiN| parantu aba isake puSTa sAkSya prastuta kiye gaye haiM ki zramaNa paramparA bhI vaidika yajJa paramparA se bhinna parantu prAcIna bhAropIya aura bhAraterAnI Arya saMskRti kA hI eka aMga pratIta hotI hai| isa sthiti meM yaha sahaja kalpanIya hai ki apane dIrgha kAlIna itihAsa meM zramaNa paramparA ne vAstava meM aise aneka RSiyoM ko janma diyA ho jinakI svataMtra ziSya paramparA to na vikasita huI ho, parantu nijI upalabdhi aura upadezoM kI mahattA kI dRSTi se jinakI smRti surakSita rhii| buddha aura mahAvIra ke yuga ke Asa-pAsa jaba zramaNa paramparA ne viziSTa-viziSTa varga yA samudAya kA rUpa grahaNa kiyA, usa sthiti meM uparyukta prakAra ke aneka prAcIna RSiyoM ko pratyeka-buddha kI viziSTa koTi meM rakha diyA gyaa| RSibhASita kI sAmagrI aura sAmAnya rUpa se jaina Agama ke sAkSya se yaha to spaSTa AbhAsa nahIM hotA ki pratyeka-buddha rUpa ina aneka prAcIna RSiyoM ke nAma aura upadeza ke udAra bhAva se smaraNa karane aura surakSita rakhane ke atirikta jaina paramparA ne usakA aura koI viziSTa sadupayoga kiyA ho / eka prakAra se bauddha dharma meM bhI prAyaH yahI sthiti lagatI hai, aura jAtaka kathAoM meM bhI sthAna-sthAna para bodhisatva se jur3e hone ke sAtha bhI pratyeka-buddha prAyaH unake preraka mAtra haiN| parantu yaha rocaka hai ki pratyeka-buddhoM kI avadhAraNA bAda ke bauddha paramparA meM sarvathA lupta nahIM huii| na kevala AbhidhArmika granthoM meM bauddha santoM kI koTi meM arhat aura samyak sambuddha ke sAtha unakA prAyaH parigaNana kiyA gayA", apitu mahAyAna dvArA apane bodhisatva Adarza kI tulanA meM arhatoM ke sAtha-sAtha unake Adarza para bhI atyadhika svataMtratA aura saMkIrNatA kA AkSepa kiyA gyaa| DI 55/10 auraMgAbAda, vArANasI-22010 1. zramaNa paramparA ke prAcIna itihAsa ke liye mukhya rUpa se dekhie--pANDeya, govindacandra : sTaDIja ina da orijansa oNpha buddhijma, pR0 258 aura Age- aura unhIM kA dUsarA grantha : bauddha dharma ke vikAsa kA itihAsa, pR0 4 aura Age / 2. dekhie pANDeya- govindacandra : sTaTIja ina da orijanva oNpha buddhijma, pR0 25 / aura Age tathA bauddha dharma ke vikAsa kA itihAsa, pR0 3 / 3. dekhie- pro. vizvambhara zaraNa pAThaka ke hAla hI meM prakAzita do mahatvapUrNa zodhapatra jo zrI rAma goyala ke grantha hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana buddhijma aura sItArAma dUbe ke grantha bauddha saMgha ke prAra mbhika vikAsa kA eka adhyayana meM purovAka ke rUpa meM prakAzita haiN| 4. dekhie puggala-paati (pI0 TI0 esa0 saMskaraNa ) pR0 14 aura 70 / 5. uttara kAlIna bauddha dharma meM pratyeka buddha kI sthiti ke sambandha meM dekhie- nalinAkSa datta : aispekTsa A~pha mahAyAna buddhijma, pR0 80 aura Age; haradayAla : da bodhisatva DAkTrIna ina buddhisTa saMskRta liTarecara pR0 3; bhikSu saMgharakSita : e sarve oNpha buddhijma, pR0 79 222-223 aura 241 /