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________________ Rgveda meM arhata aura RSabhavAcI RcAyeM eka adhyayana bhAratIya saMskRti zramaNa aura brAhmaNa saMskRtiyoM kA samandhita spa hai| jahA~ zramaNa saMskRti tapa-tyAga evaM dhyAna sAdhanA pradhAna rahI hai, vahA~ brAhmaNa saMskRti yajJa-yAga mUlaka evaM karmakANDAtmaka rahI hai| hama zramaNa saMskRti ko AdhyAtmika evaM nivRttiparaka arthAt saMnyAsamUlaka bhI kaha sakate haiM, jabaki brAhmaNa saMskRti ko sAmAjika evaM pravRttimUlaka kahA jA sakatA hai| ina donoM saMskRtiyoM ke mUla AdhAra to mAnava prakRti meM nihita vAsanA aura viveka athavA bhoga aura yoga (saMyama) ke tattva hI haiM, jinakI svatantra carcA hamane apane grantha 'jaina, bauddha evaM gItA kA sAdhanA mArga kI bhUmikA meM kI hai / yahA~ para ina donoM saMskRtiyoM ke vikAsa ke mUla upAdAnoM evaM unake krama tathA vaiziSTya kI carcA meM na jAkara unake aitihAsika astitva ko hI apanI vivecanA kA mUla AdhAra banAyegeM / - pro. sAgaramala jaina bhAratIya saMskRti ke itihAsa ko jAnane ke liye prAcInatama sAhityika srota ke rUpa meM veda aura prAcInatama purAtAtvika srota ke rUpa meM mohanajodar3o evaM harappA ke avazeSa hI hamAre AdhAra haiN| saMyoga se ina donoM hI AdhAroM yA sAkSyoM se bhAratIya zramaNa dhArA ke ati prAcIna kAla meM bhI upasthita hone ke saMketa milate haiN| Rgveda bhAratIya sAhitya kA prAcInatama grantha hai| yadyapi isakI ati prAcInatA ke aneka dAve kiye jAte haiM aura mImAMsaka darzanadhArA ke vidvAna to ise anAdi aura apauruSeya bhI mAnate haiM phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki IsvI pUrva 1500 varSa pahale yaha apane vartamAna svarUpa meM astitva meM A cukA thaa| isa prAcInatama grantha meM hameM zramaNa saMskRti ke astitva ke saMketa upalabdha hote haiN| vaidika sAhitya meM bhAratIya saMskRti kI ina zramaNa aura brAhmaNa dhArAoM kA nirdeza kramazaH Arhata aura bArhata dhArAoM ke rUpa meM milatA hai / sAtha hI mohanajodar3o ke utkhanan se prApta vRSabha yukta dhyAna mudrA meM yogiyoM kI sIleM isa tathya kA spaSTa pramANa haiM ki Rgveda ke racanAkAla ke pUrva bhI bhArata meM zramaNa dhArA kA na kevala astitva thA, apitu vahI eka mAtra pramukha dhArA thii| kyoMki mohanajodar3o aura harappA ke utkhanana meM kahIM bhI yajJavedI upalabdha nahIM huI hai isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki bhArata meM tapa evaM dhyAna pradhAna Arhata paramparA kA astitva ati prAcIna kAla se hI rahA hai| yadi hama jaina dharma ke prAcIna nAmoM ke sandarbha meM vicAra kareM to yaha suspaSTa hai ki prAcIna kAla meM yaha Arhata dharma ke nAma se hI prasiddha rahA hai| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki jaina dharma kA pUrva rUpa Arhata dharma thaa| jJAtavya hai ki jaina- zabda mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga 1000 varSa * RSabhadeva pratiSThAna dehalI dvArA Ayojita 14 se 16 mArca 1863 kI saMgoSThI meM paThita Alekha
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________________ 186 Rgveda meM arhata aura RSabhavAcI RcAyeM : eka adhyayana pazcAt hI kabhI astitva meM AyA hai| sAtavIM zatI se pUrva hameM kahIM bhI jaina zabda kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| yadyapi isakI apekSA 'jina' va 'jina-dhamma ke ullekha prAcIna haiN| kintu arhata, zramaNa, jina Adi zabda bauddhoM evaM anya zramaNa dhArAoM meM bhI sAmAnyarUpa se pracalita rahe hai| ataH jaina paramparA kI unase pRthakatA kI dRSTi se pArzva ke kAla meM yaha dharma nirganthadharma ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| jaina AgamoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki I.pU. pAcavIM zatI meM zramaNa dhArA mukhya rUpa se 5 bhAgoM meM vibhakta thIM -- 1. nirganya, 2. zAkya, 3. tApasa 4. gairuka aura 5. AjIvaka / vastutaH jaba zramaNa dhArA vibhinna vargoM meM vibhAjita hone lagI to jaina dhArA ke lie pahale 'nirgantha aura bAda meM 'jJAtaputrIya zramaNa' zabda kA prayoga hone lgaa| na kevala pAlI tripiTaka evaM jaina AgamoM meM apitu azoka (I.pU.-3 zatI) ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI jainadharma kA ullekha nirgandha dharma ke rUpa meM hI milatA hai / vastutaH pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra ke yuga meM pracalita dharma se pUrva sampUrNa zramaNa dhArA Aheta paramparA ke rUpa meM hI ullekhita hotI thI aura isameM na kevala jaina, bauddha, AjIvaka Adi paramparAyeM sammilita thIM, apitu aupaniSadika-RSi paramparA aura sAMkhya-yoga kI darzanadhArA evaM sAdhanA-paramparA bhI isI meM samAhita thii| yaha alaga bAta hai ki aupaniSadika dhArA evaM sAMkhya-yoga paramparA ke bRhad hindUdharma meM samAhita kara liye jAne evaM bauddha tathA AjIvaka paramparAoM ke kramazaH isa deza se niSkAsita athavA mRtaprAyaH ho jAne para jaina paramparA ko punaH pUrva madhyayuga meM AIta dharma nAma prApta ho gyaa| kintu yahA~ hama jisa Aheta paramparA kI carcA kara rahe haiM, vaha eka prAcIna evaM vyApaka paramparA hai| RSibhASita nAmaka jaina grantha meM nArada, asitadevala, yAjJavalkya, aruNa, uddAlaka, aMgirasa, pArAzara Adi aneka aupaniSadika RSiyoM kA arhat RSi ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai| sAtha hI sAriputra, mahAkAzyapa Adi bauddha zramaNoM evaM makhalIgozAla, saMjaya Adi anya zramaNa paramparA ke AcAryoM kA bhI arhat RSi ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai / bauddha paramparA meM buddha ke sAtha sAtha arhat avasthA ko prApta anya zramaNoM ko arhat kahA jAtA thaa| buddha ke liye arhat vizeSaNa supracalita thA, yathA -- namotassa bhagavato arahato smmaasNbuddhss| isa prakAra prAcIna kAla meM zramaNa dhArA apane samagra rUpa meM Aheta paramparA ke nAma se hI jAnI jAtI thii| vaidika sAhitya meM aura vizeSa rUpa se Rgveda meM Aheta va bArhata dhArAoM kA ullekha bhI isI tathya kI puSTi karatA hai| Ahata dharma vastutaH vahA~ nivRttipradhAna sampUrNa zramaNadhArA kA hI vAcaka hai| Arhata zabda se hI yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki Arhata-arhatoM ke upAsaka the aura arhata avasthA ko prApta karanA hI apanI sAdhanA kA lakSya mAnate the| bauddha granthoM meM buddha ke pUrva vajjiyoM ke apane ahaMtoM evaM caityoM kI upasthiti ke nirdeza hai| AItoM se bhinna vaidika paramparA Rgvaidika kAla meM bArhata nAma se jAnI jAtI thii| Rgveda ke dazam maNDala ke 85 veM sUkta kI caturtha cA meM spaSTa rUpa se bArhata zabda ullekha huA hai| vaha RcA isa prakAra hai -
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 187 AcchandhiAnairgupito bAhataH soma rakSitaH / grANAmichRNvan tiSThAsi na te azranti pArthivaH / / - Rgveda 10 185 14 arthAta he soma / tU gapta vidhi vidhAnoM se rakSita bArhata gaNoM se saMrakSita hai| tU (somalatA ke ) pIsane vAle pattharoM kA zabda sunate hI rahatA hai| tujhe pRthvI kA koI bhI sAmAnya jana nahIM khA sktaa| bahatI veda ko kahate hai aura isa bRhatI ke upAsaka bArhata kahe jAte the| isa prakAra vedoM meM varNita somapAna evaM yajJa-yAga meM niSThA rakhane vAle aura use hI apanI dharma sAdhanA kA sarvasva mAnane vAle loga hI bArhata the| inake viparIta dhyAna aura tapa sAdhanA ko pramukha mAnane vAle vyakti Arhata nAma se jAne jAte the| vaidika sAhitya meM hameM spaSTa rUpa se arhat ko mAnane vAle ina ArhatoM ke ullekha upalabdha haiN| Rgveda meM arhan aura arhanta zabdoM kA prayoga nau RcAoM meM dasa se adhika bAra huA hai| sAmAnyatayA vaidika, vidvAnoM ne ina RcAoM meM prayukta arhan zabda ko pUjanIya ke artha meM agni, rudra Adi vaidika devatAoM ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM hI vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| yaha satya hai ki eka vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM arhana yA arhat kA zabda kA artha pUjanIya hotA hai, kintu bhAveda meM arhan ke atirikta arhanta zabda kA spaSTa svatantra prayoga yaha batAtA hai ki vastutaH vaha eka saMjJA pada bhI hai aura arhanta deva kA vAcI hai| isa sandarbha meM nimna RcAe~ vizeSa rUpa se draSTavya hai - ahaviSibharSi sAyakAni dhanvAhanniSkaM yajataM vishvruupm| arhannidaM dayase vizvamanvaM na vA ojIyo rudr-tvdsti|| (2.33.10) prastuta RcA ko rudra sUkta ke antargata hone ke kAraNa vaidika vyAkhyAkAroM ne yahA~ arhana zabda ko rudra kA eka vizeSaNa mAnakara isakA artha isa prakAra kiyA hai-- he rudra ! yogya tU bANoM aura dhanuSa ko dhAraNa karatA hai| yogya tU, pUjA ke yogya aura aneka spoM vAle sone ko dhAraNa karatA hai| yogya tU isa sAre vistRta jagat kI rakSA karatA hai| he rudra, tujhase adhika tejasvI aura koI nahIM hai| jaina dRSTi meM isa RcA ko nimna prakAra se bhI vyAkhyAyita kiyA jA sakatA hai -- he arhan ! tU ( saMyama rUpI) zastroM (dhanuSa-bANa) ko dhAraNa karatA hai ? aura sAMsArika jIvoM meM prANa rupa svarNa kA tyAga kara detA hai ? nizcaya hI tujhase adhika balavAna aura kaThora aura koI nahIM hai| he arhan tU vizva kI arthAt saMsAra ke prANiyoM kI mAtRvat dayA karatA hai| prastuta prasaMga meM arhan kI byAja rUpa se stuti kI gayI hai| yahA~ zastra dhAraNa karane kA tAtparya karma zatruoM yA viSaya vAsanAoM ko parAjita karane ke lie saMyama rUpI zastroM ke dhAraNa karane se hai| jaina paramparA meM 'arihaMta zabda kI vyAkhyA zatru kA nAza karane vAlA, isa rUpa meM kI gaI hai| AcArAMga meM sAdhaka ko apanI vAsanAoM se yuddha karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai|
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________________ 188 Rgveda meM arhata aura RSabhavAcI RcAyeM : eka adhyayana isI prakAra byAja rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki jahA~ sArA saMsAra svarNa ke pIche bhAgatA hai, vahIM, tU isakA tyAga karatA hai| yahA yajataM zabda tyAga kA vAcI mAnA jA sakatA hai| ataH tujhase adhika kaThora va samartha kauna ho sakatA hai ? prastuta prasaMga meM 'arhan dayase vizvamamba' zabda adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM arhan ko vizva ke sabhI prANiyoM kI dayA karane vAlA tathA mAtRvat kahA gayA hai, jo jaina paramparA kA mUla AdhAra hai| isI prakAra paMcama maNDala ke bAvanaveM sUkta kI pA~cavIM RcA bhI mahattvapUrNa hai -- arhanto ye sudAnavo naro asAmizavasaH / prayazaM yaziyebhyo divo arthA marubhayaH / / Rgveda 51 5215 sAyaNa kI vyAkhyA ke anusAra isa RcA kA artha isa prakAra hai-- jo pUjya, dAnazUra sampUrNa bala se yukta tathA tejasvI dyautamAna netA hai, una pUjya vIra-marutoM ke lie yajJa karo aura unakI pUjA kro| hama prastuta RcA kI bhI jaina dRSTi se nimna vyAkhyA kara sakate hai -- jo dAnavIra, tejasvI, sampUrNa vIrya se yukta, nara zreSTa arhanta haiM, ve yAjJikoM ke lie yajana ke aura marutoM ke lie arcanA ke viSaya haiN| isI prakAra se arhan zabda vAcI anya RcAoM kI bhI jaina dRSTi se vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai| vaidika RcAoM kI vyAkhyAoM ke sAtha kaThinAI yaha hai ki unakI zabdAnusArI sarala vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM hotI hai, lakSaNA pradhAna vyAkhyA hI karanI hotI hai| ataH unheM aneka dRSTiyoM se vyAkhyAyita kiyA jA sakatA hai| Rgveda meM na kevala sAmAnya rUpa se zramaNa paramparA aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina paramparA se sambandhita arhan, arhanta, vrAtya, bAtarazanAmuni, zramaNa Adi zabdoM kA ullekha milatA hai, apitu usameM Aheta paramparA ke upAsya vRSabha kA bhI zatAdhika bAra ullekha huA hai| mujhe Rgveda meM vRSabha vAcI 112 acAe~ upalabdha huI haiN| sambhavataH kucha aura RcAe~ bhI mila sakatI hai| yadyapi yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki ina samasta RcAoM meM prayukta 'bRSabha' zabda RSabhadeva kA hI vAcI hai| phira bhI kucha RcAeM to avazya hI RSabhadeva se sambandhita mAnI jA sakatI hai| DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana, pro. jImara, pro. vIrapAkSa vADiyara Adi kucha jainetara vidvAna bhI isa mata ke pratipAdaka hai ki gveda meM jainoM ke Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se sambandhita nirdeza upalabdha hote haiM10 Arhata dhArA ke Adi puruSa ke rUpa meM RSabha kA nAma sAmAnya rUpa se svIkRta rahA hai| kyoMki hindU purANoM evaM bauddha granthoM se bhI isakI puSTi hotI hai| jainoM ne unheM apanA Adi tIrthaMkara mAnA hai| itanA sunizcita hai ki RSabhadeva bhAratIya saMskRti kI nivRttipradhAna dhArA ke prathama puruSa haiN| hindU paramparA meM jo avatAroM kI carcA hai, usameM RSabha kA krama 8vA~ hai, kintu yadi mAnavIya rUpa meM avatAra kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to lagatA hai ki ve hI prathama mAnavAvatAra the| yadyapi RSabha kI avatAra rUpa meM svIkRti hameM sarvaprathama purANa sAhitya meM vizeSataH bhAgavata
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 189 purANa meM milatI hai, jo ki paravartI grantha hai| kintu itanA nizcita hai ki zrImadbhAgavata meM RSabha kA jisa rUpa meM prastutikaraNa hai, vaha unheM nivRttipradhAna zramaNa saMskRti kA Adi puruSa siddha karatA hai / zrImadbhAgavata purANa ke atirikta liMgapurANa, zivapurANa, AgneyapurANa, brahmAMDapurANa, viSNupurANa, kUrmapurANa, varAhapurANa aura skandha purANa meM bhI RSabha kA ullekha eka dharma pravartaka ke rUpa meM huA hai12 1 yadyapi prastuta nibandha meM hama Rgveda meM upalabdha vRSabha vAcI RcAoM kI hI carcA taka apane ko sImita kreNge| Rgveda meM 'vRSabha' zabda kA prayoga kina-kina sandarbho meM huA hai yaha abhI bhI eka gahana zodha kA viSaya hai, jahA~ eka ora adhikAMza vaidika vidvAna va bhASyakAra Rgveda meM prayukta vRSabha ( apama) zabda kA artha bela13, balavAna14, uttama, zreSTha15 varSA karane vAlA16 kAmanAoM kI pUrti karane vAlA / Adi karate haiM, vahIM jaina vidvAna use apane prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kA vAcI mAnate hai| jaina vidvAnoM ne apabhadeva kI carcA ke sandarbha meM Rgveda, yajurveda, atharvaveda Adi kI aneka RcAe~ prastuta bhI kI hai aura unakA jaina saMskRti anusArI artha karane kA bhI prayatna kiyA hai| prastuta nibandha meM maine bhI eka aisA hI prayatna kiyA hai| kintu aisA dAvA maiM nahIM karatA hU~ ki yahI eka mAtra vikalpa hai| merA kathya mAtra yaha hai ki una RcAoM ke aneka sambhAvita arthoM meM yaha bhI eka artha ho sakatA hai, isase adhika sunizcita rUpa meM kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| Rgveda meM prayukta vRSabha zabda ke artha ke sandarbha meM hameM paryApta sartakatA evaM sAvadhAnI baratanI hogI, kyoMki jahA~ taka vaidika RcAoM kA prazna hai unakA artha karanA eka kaThina kArya hai| adhika kyA kaheM sAyaNa jaise bhASyakAroM ne bhI Rgveda ke 10 veM maNDala ke 106 veM sUkta ke gyAraha mantroM kI vyAkhyA karane meM asamarthatA prakaTa kI hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM kucha anya maMtroM ke sambandha meM spaSTa likhA hai ki ina maMtroM se kucha bhI artha bodha nahIM hotA hai| kaThinAI yaha hai ki sAyaNa evaM mahidhara ke bhASyoM aura Rgveda ke racanA kAla meM paryApta antara hai| jo grantha IsA se 1500 varSa pUrva kabhI banA ho, usakA IsA kI 15 vIM zatI meM artha karanA kaThina kArya hai kyoMki isameM na kevala bhASA kI kaThinAI hotI hai, apitu zabdoM ke rur3ha artha bhI paryApta rUpa se badala cuke hote haiN| vastutaH vaidika RcAoM ko unake bhaugolika va sAmAjika pariprekSya meM samajhe binA unakA jo artha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha RcAoM meM prakaTa mUla bhAvoM ke kitanA nikaTa hogA, yaha kahanA kaThina hai| skandasvAmI, sAyaNa evaM mahidhara ke bAda svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI ne vaidika maMtroM kI apanI dRSTi se vyAkhyA karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| yadi hama sAyaNa aura dayAnanda kI vyAkhyAoM ko dekheM, to yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki sAyaNa evaM dayAnanda kI vyAkhyAoM meM bahuta adhika antara hai| Rgveda meM jina-jina RcAoM meM vRSabha zabda AyA hai, ve sabhI RcAe~ aisI haiM ki unheM aneka dRSTiyoM se vyAkhyAyita kiyA jA sakatA hai| mRna samagyA to yaha hai ki vaidika RcAoM kA zAbdika artha grahaNa kareM yA lAkSaNika arth| jahA~ taka vRSabha sambandhI RcAoM ke artha kA prazna hai maiM isa niSkarSa para pahuMcA hUM ki unakA zabdAnusArI artha karane para na to jaina mantavya kI puSTi hotI hai aura na AryasamAja ke maMtavyoM kI puSTi hogI, na hI unase kisI viziSTa dArzanika cintana kA avabodha hotA hai| yadyapi vaidika
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________________ 190 Rgveda meM arhata aura RSabhavAcI prayAyeM : eka adhyayana maMtroM ke artha ke lie sarvaprathama yAska ne eka prayatna kiyA thA, kintu usake nirukta meM hI yaha bhI spaSTa rUpa se ullikhita hai ki usa samaya bhI, kotsa Adi AcArya aise the, jo mAnate the ki vedoM ke maMtra nirarthaka haiM / yadyapi hama isa mata se sahamata nahIM ho skte| vastutaH vaidika maMtra eka sahaja svAbhAvika mAnavIya bhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti hai kintu aisA mAnane para vedoM ke prati jisa Adara bhAva yA unakI mahattA kI jo bAta hai vaha kSINa ho jAtI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki svAmI dayAnanda Adi ne vedoM meM rahasyAtmakatA va lAkSaNikatA ko pramukha mAnA aura usI AdhAra para maMtroM kI vyAkhyAyeM kii| ataH sabase prathama yaha vicAraNIya hai ki kyA veda maMtroM kI vyAkhyA unheM rahasyAtmaka va lAkSaNika mAnakara kI jAya athavA nhiiN| kyoMki yadi hama Rgveda meM prayukta vRSabha zabda ko RSabhadeva ke artha meM grahaNa karanA cAhate haiM, to hamAre mata kI puSTi rahasyAtmaka evaM lAkSaNika vyAkhyAyoM dvArA hI sambhava hai| zabdAnusArI sAmAnya artha kI dRSTi se aisI puSTi sambhava nahIM hai| sabase pahale hama isI prazna para vicAra kareM ki kyA vaidika RcAoM kA lAkSaNika va rahasyAtmaka artha kiyA jAnA caahie| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki aneka vaidika RcAe~ va maMtra apane zabdAnusArI artha meM bahuta hI sAdhAraNa se lagate haiM jabaki unakA lAkSaNika artha atyanta hI gambhIra hotA hai| vaidika RcAe~ lAkSaNika va rahasyAtmaka artha kI vAcaka haiM yaha samajhane ke lie pahale hameM aupaniSadika sAhitya para bhI isa dRSTi se vicAra karanA hogA, kyoMki aneka upaniSad vedoM meM samAhita haiN| zvetAzvataropaniSad meM nimna zloka pAyA jAtA hai -- ajAmekAM lohitazuklakRSNAM bahatI prajAH sRjyamAnAM samyAH / ajohayeko juSamANo'nuzete jahAtyenAM bhuktabhogAmajo'nyaH / / yadi hama zvetAzvataropaniSada ? ke isa zloka kA zabdAnusArI yaha artha karate hai ki eka kAle, lAla va sapheda raMga kI bakarI hai, jo apane samAna hI saMtAna ko janma detI hai| eka bakarA usakA bhoga kara rahA hai, jabaki dUsare ne usakA bhoga karake parityAga kara diyA hai| isa artha kI dRSTi se yaha zloka eka sAmAnya pazu kI prAkRtika sthiti kA citraNa mAtra hai, lekina hama isake pUrvApara sambandha ko dekheM to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki aupanipadika RSi kA yaha kathana kevala eka paza kA citraNa nahIM hai. apita eka rUpaka hai, jisake lAkSaNika artha ke AdhAra para vaha prakRti kI triguNAtmakatA ke sAtha usake dvArA sRSTa padArtho ke triguNAtmaka svarUpa ko spaSTa karanA cAhatA hai| yaha tathya isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki vedoM kI acAe~ evaM aupaniSadika zloka mAtra sAmAnya artha ke sUcaka nahIM haiN| unameM aneka sthAnoM para rupakoM ke mAdhyama se dArzanika rahasyoM ke udghATana kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| isa sandarbha meM hama aAveda kI hI dasaveM maNDala kI eka RcA lete haiM -- Rtasya hi sadaso dhItiradyotsaM gASTeyo vRSabho gobhirAnaT / udatiSThattaviSeNA raveNa mahAnti citsaM vivyAcA rjaaNsi| 10.111.2)
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 191 isa RcA ke zAbdika artha ke anusAra isake dvitIya caraNa kA artha hogA taruNa gAya se utpanna vRSabha raMbhAtA huA gauoM ke sAtha milatA hai, kintu mAtra itanA artha karane para RcA kA bhAva spaSTa nahIM hotA hai| isake pUrva Rtasya hI sadaso dhItiradyautsa isa pUrvacaraNa ko bhI lenA hotA hai| isa caraNa kA artha bhI sAyaNa aura dayAnanda ne alaga-alaga DhaMga se kiyA hai, kintu ve artha bhI lAkSaNika hI haiN| jahA~ dayAnanda 'Rtasya hI sadasodhItiradyaut kA artha Rta kI sabhA kI dhAraNA zakti prakAzita ho rahI hai aisA artha karate haiM 19, vahI sAyaNa bhASya para AdhArita hokara sAtavelakara isakA artha jala sthAna kA arthAt antarikSa kA dhAraka yaha indra prakAzatA hai, aisA artha karate haiM29, kintu ye donoM hI artha na to pUrNataH zabdAnusArI hai aura na pUrNataH lAkSaNika hI kahe jA sakate haiN| dayAnanda ne usakI lAkSaNikatA ko spaSTa karate hue Izvara kA prakAza phailA hai aisA bhAvArtha kiyA hai| lekina yahA~ hameM yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki bhAratIya cintana meM Izvara kI avadhAraNA eka paravartI vikAsa hai| Rta kI avadhAraNA prAcIna hai aura usakA artha satya yA vyavasthA hai| -- prastuta prasaMga meM isa yA ko vRSabha se saMbandhita mAnate haiM to isakA artha isa prakAra hogA -- jisa prakAra taruNa gAya se utpanna vRSabha gau samUha ke bIca apanI dhvani se suzobhita hotA hai, usI prakAra RSabha ke kevala jJAna se utpanna samyak vANI se satya kI sabhA suzobhita hotI hai| vaha (RSabhadeva ) samavasaraNa meM Upara AsIna hokara jisa vANI kA udghoSa karate haiM, vaha apane tIvra rava zabda dhvani ke dvArA isa samasta loka ko vyApta karatI hai| isa prakAra uparyukta RcA kA jaina dRSTi se jo lAkSaNika artha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha adhika samIcIna pratIta hotA hai| isI prasaMga meM Rgveda ke caturtha maNDala ke 58 veM sUkta kI tIsarI RcA, jo 'vRSabha se sambandhita hai, ke artha para bhI vicAra kreN| yaha RcA isa prakAra hai - thatvAri zrRGagA yo asya pAdA dve zIrSe saptahastAso asya / tridhA baddho vRSabho roravIti maho devo martyA A viveza / / (4.58.3 ) isa RcA kA zabdAnusArI sAmAnya artha isa prakAra hai isa vRSabha athavA deva ke cAra sIMga, tIna paira, do sira aura isake sAta hAtha haiN| yaha vRSabha yA balavAna deva tIna sthAnoM para baMdhA huA zabda karatA hai, yaha mahAna deva manuSyoM meM praviSTa *21 / isa zabdAnusArI artha ke AdhAra para na to isameM vRSabha (baila) kA yathArtha prAkRtika svarUpa kA citraNa hai. yaha kahA jA sakatA hai aura na kisI anya artha kA spaSTa bodha hotA hai| ataH svAbhAvika rUpa se isake lAkSaNika artha kI ora jAnA hotA hai| 1L dayAnanda sarasvatI isakA lAkSaNika artha isa prakAra karate haiM- he manuSyoM ? jo bar3A sevA aura Adara karane yogya svaprakAza svarUpa aura saba ko sukha dene vAlA maraNadharma vAle manuSya Adi ko saba prakAra se vyApta hotA hai aura jo sukhoM ko varSAne vAlA tIna zraddhA, puruSArtha aura yogAbhyAsa se baMdhA huA vistara upadeza detA hai| isa dharma
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________________ 192 Rgveda meM arhata aura RSabhavAcI RcAyeM: eka adhyayana / se yukta nitya aura naimittika paramAtmA ke bodha ke do unnati aura mokSa rUpa zira sthAnApanna tIna arthAt karma, upAsanA aura jJAna rUpa calane yogya paira aura cAra veda zrRgo ke sadRza Apa logoM ko jAnane yogya haiM aura isa dharma vyavahAra ke pA~ca jJAnendriya vA pA~ca karmendriya antaHkaraNa aura AtmA ye sAta hAthoM ke sadRza varttamAna hai, aura ukta tIna prakAra se badhA~ huA vyavahAra bhI jAnane yogya hai 2 | kintu yadi isa uparyukta RcA kA artha jaina dRSTi se kareM to tIna yogoM arthAt mana, vacana va kAya se baddha yA yukta RSabha deva ne yaha udghoSaNA kI ki mahAdeva arthAt paramAtmA mRtyoM meM hI nivAsa karatA hai, usake ananta catuSThya rUpa arthAt ananta jJAna, ananta darzana ananta sukha va ananta vIrya aise cAra zrRDga haiM aura samyak darzana, jJAna va cAritra rUpa tIna pAda haiN| usa paramAtmA ke jJAna upayoga va darzana-upayoga aise do zIrSa haiM tathA pA~ca indriyAM, mana va buddhi aise sAta hAtha hai| zrRGga AtmA ke sarvottama dazA ke sUcaka haiM jo sAdhanA kI pUrNatA para ananta catuSTaya ke rUpa meM prakaTa hote haiM aura pAda usa sAdhanA mArga ke sUcaka haiM jisake mAdhyama se usa sarvottama Atma avasthA ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| sapta hasta jJAna prApti ke sAta sAdhanoM ko sUcita karate haiN| RSabha ko vidhAbaddha kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki vaha mana vacana evaM kAya yogoM kI upasthiti ke kAraNa hI saMsAra meM hai| baddha kA artha saMyata yA niyantrita karane para mana, vacana, va kAya se saMyata aisA artha bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra se hama dekhate haiM ki yahAM jaina dRSTi se kiyA lAkSaNika artha utanA hI samIcIna hai, jitanA svAmI dayAnanda kA lAkSaNika artha / itanA avazya satya hai ki isa RcA kA koI bhI zavdAnusArI artha isake artha kA abhivyakta nahIM kara sakatA hai| ataH hameM mAnanA hogA ki vaidika RcAoM ke artha ko samajhane ke lie inakI lAkSaNikatA ko svIkAra kiye binA anya koI vikalpa nahIM hai / sAyaNa Adi vedoM ke bhASyakAroM ne sAmAnya rUpa meM 'dRSabha' zabda kI vyAkhyA eka vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM kI hai aura usakA prasaMgAnusAra balavAna, zreSTha, varSA karane vAlA, kAmanAoM kI pUrti karane vAlA - aisA artha kiyA hai| ve vRSabha ko indra, agni, rudra Adi vaidika devatAoM kA eka vizeSaNa mAnate haiM evaM isI rUpa meM use vyAkhyAyita bhI karate haiN| cAhe vRSabha kA artha balavAna yA zreSTha kareM athavA use varSA karane vAlA yA kAmanAoM kI pUrti karane vAlA kahe, vaha eka vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM hI gRhIta hotA hai| yaha satya hai ki aneka prasaMgoM meM vRSabha zabda kI vyAkhyA eka vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM kI jA sakatI hai| svayaM jaina evaM bauddha paramparAoM meM bhI vRSabha zabda kA prayoga eka vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM huA hai| bauddha grantha dhammapada ke anta meM eka gAthA meM vRSabha zabda kA prayoga vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM huA hai| vaha gAthA nimnAnusAra hai- usameM pavaraM vIraM mahesi vijitAvinaM / aneja nahAtakaM buddhaM tamahaM brUmi brAhmaNaM / / - dhammapada 26140 ataH isa sambandha meM koI Apatti nahIM kI jA sakatI hai ki vRSabha zabda kA prayoga vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM nahIM ho sakatA, kintu yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vRSabha zabda sarvatra
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 103 vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM hI prayukta hotA hai| vRSabha' zabda kA prayoga sAhitya ke kSetra meM vizeSaNa paTa va saMjJA pada donoM rUpoM meM hI pAyA jAtA hai| gveda meM hI aneka aise sthala hai jahA~ vaidika vidvAnoM ne vRSabha' zabda kA prayoga vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM mAnA hai| jaise -- 1. tvaM agne vRSabhaH (1/31/5) 2. vRSabhaH indro (1/33/10) 3. tvaM agne indro vRSabhaH (2/1/3) 4. vRpabhaM.... indra (3/47/5) isa prakAra ke aura bhI aneka sandarbha upasthita kie jA sakate haiM, kintu prazna yaha hai ki kyA 'vRSabha zabda ko sadaiva hI eka vizeSaNa mAnA jAya / yaha ThIka hai ki indra varmA kA devatA hai| use zreSTha yA balavAna mAnA gayA hai| ataH usakA vizeSaNa vRSabha ho sakatA hai kintu isake viparIta indra zabda ko bhI vRSabha kA vizeSaNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaina paramparA meM RSabha Adi tIrthaMkaroM ke lie jinendra vizeSaNa prasiddha hI hai| atharvaveda (9.9.7) meM indrasya rupaM RSabho kahakara donoM ko paryAyavAcI banA diyA gayA hai| indra kA artha aizvarya kA dhAraka aisA bhI hotA hai| isa rUpa meM vaha vRSabha kA vizeSaNa bhI bana sakatA hai| jisa prakAra vRSabha ko indra, agni, rudra, vRhaspati Adi kA vizeSaNa mAnA gayA hai usI prakAra vyAkhyA ko parivartita karake indra, rudra agni aura bRhaspati ko vRSabha kA vizeSaNa bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ vRSabha Apa indra yA jinendra haiM -- aisI vyAkhyA bhI bahuta asaMgata nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai| kucha jaina vidvAnoM kI aisI mAnyatA bhI hai ki vedoM meM jAta-vedasa' zabda jo agni ke lie prayukta huA hai vaha janma se trijJAna sampanna jyoti svarUpa bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke lie hI hai| ve yaha mAnate haiM ki "ratnadharakta", "vizvavedasa", "jAtavedasa" Adi zabda jo vedoM meM agni ke vizeSaNa hai ve ratnatraya se yukta vizva tattvoM ke jJAtA sarvajJa RSabha ke lie bhI prayukta ho sakate hai| itanA nizcita hai ki ye zabda sAmAnya prAkRtika agni ke vizeSaNa to nahIM mAne jA sakate haiN| cAhe unheM agnideva kA vAcI mAnA jAya yA RSabhadeva kA, ve kisI daivIya zakti ke hI vizeSaNa ho sakate haiN| jaina vidvAnoM kA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki agni deva ke rUpa meM RSabha kI stuti kA eka mAtra hetu yahI dRSTigata hotA hai, RSabhadeva sthUla va sUkSma zarIra se parinivRtta hokara siddha, buddha va mukta hue usa samaya unake parama prazAnta svarUpa ko AtmasAta karane vAlI agni hI tatkAlIna janamAnasa ke lie smRti kA viSaya raha gayI aura janatA agni darzana se hI apane ArAdhya deva kA smaraNa kagne lgii| ( devendramuni zAstrIH RSabhadeva eka parizIlana, pR.43) jaina vidvAnoM ke isa cintana meM kitanI sArthakatA hai yaha eka svatantra carcA kA viSaya hai yahA~ maiM usameM utaranA nahI cAhatA hU~, kintu yaha batAnA cAhatA hU~ ki vizeSaNa evaM vizeSya ke rUpa meM prayukta donoM zabdoM meM yadi saMjJA rUpa meM prayukta hone kI sAmarthya hai to unameM kise vizeSaNa aura
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________________ 194 mAgveda meM arhata aura RSabhavAcI macAyeM : eka adhyayana kise vizeSya mAnA jAya -- yaha vyAkhyAkAra kI apanI-apanI dRSTi para hI AdhArita hogaa| sAtha hI donoM ko paryAyavAcI bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| Rgveda meM rudra kI stuti ke sandarbha meM bhI vRSabha zabda kA prayoga huA hai| svayaM Rgveda meM hI eka ora rudra ko ugra evaM zastroM kA dhAraNa karane vAlA kahA gayA vahIM dUsarI ora use vizva prANiyoM ke prati dayAvAna aura mAtRvat bhI kahA gayA hai (2/33/1 ) / isa RcA kI carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| eka hI vyakti kaThora va komala dono ho sakatA hai| RSabha ke sandarbha meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki ye tapa kI kaThora sAdhanA karate the| ataH ve rudra bhI the| vaidika sAhitya meM rudra, sarva, pAzupati, Iza, mahezvara, ziva, zaMkara Adi paryAyavAcI rUpa meM prayukta hue hai| jaina dRSTi se inheM vRSabha kA vizeSaNa bhI mAnA gayA hai| ataH kise kisakA vizeSaNa mAnA jAya, yaha nirdhAraNa sahaja nahIM hai| Rgveda meM jo rudra kI stuti hai usameM 5 bAra vRSabha zabda kA aura 3 bAra arhan zabda kA ullekha huA hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, rudra ko arhan zabda se bhI sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| itanA to nizcita hai ki arhan vizeSaNa RSabhadeva ke lie hI adhika samIcIna hai kyoMki yaha mAnya tathya hai ki unake dvArA pravartita dharma Aheta dharma hai| ataH Rgveda meM rudra kI jo stuti prApta hotI hai usameM yadi rudra ko vRSabha kA vizeSaNa mAnA jAya to vaha vRSabha kI stuti ke rUpa meM bhI vyAkhyAyita ho sakatI hai| yadyapi maiM ise eka sambhAvita vyAkhyA se adhika nahIM mAnatA huuN| isa sambandha meM pUrNa sunizcitatA kA dAvA karanA mithyA hogaa| Rgveda meM vRSabha zabda ko bRhaspati ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM bhI mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ bhI yahI samasyA hai| hama bRhaspati ko bhI vRSabha kA vizeSaNa banA sakate hai, kyoMki RSabha ko paramajJAnI mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vRSabha zabda indra, agni, rudra athavA bRhaspati kA vizeSaNa mAnA jAya yA ina zabdoM ko vRSabha kA vizeSaNa mAnA jAya, isa samasyA kA samyak samAdhAna itanA hI ho sakatA hai ki ina vyAkhyAoM meM dRSTibheda hI pramukha hai| donoM vyAkhyAoM meM kisI ko bhI hama pUrNataH asaMgata nahIM kaha skte| kintu yadi jaina dRSTi se vicAra kareM to hameM mAnanA hogA ki rudra, indra, agni Adi RSabha ke vizeSaNa hai| Rgveda meM hameM eka sabase mahatvapUrNa sUcanA yaha milatI hai ki aneka sandarbho meM vRSabha kA eka vizeSaNa marutvAna AyA hai (vRSabho marutvAnaM ( 2.33.6 ) ) / jaina paramparA meM RSabha ko marudevI kA putra mAnA gayA hai| ataH unake sAtha yaha vizeSaNa samucita pratIta hotA hai| ___ Rgveda meM vRSabha sambandhI agcAoM kI vyAkhyA ke sambandha meM yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki aneka prasaMgoM meM unakI lAkSaNika vyAkhyA ke atirikta anya koI vikalpa nahIM rahatA hai| Rgveda caturtha maNDala ke aTThAvanaveM sUkta kI tIsarI RcA meM vRSabha ko cAra sIgoM, tIna pAdoM yA pAvoM, do zIrSa, sAta hasta evaM tIna prakAra se baddha kahA gayA hai| yaha RcA spaSTa spa se RSabha ko samarpita hai| isameM RSabha ko mRtyoM meM upasthita yA praviSTha mahAdeva kahA gayA hai| isa RcA kI kaThinAI yaha hai ki ise kisI bhI sthiti meM apane zabdAnusArI sahaja artha dvarA vyAkhyAyita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyoMki na to vRpabha ke cAra sIMga hote haiM, na tIna pAda, na do
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 195 zira hote haiM, nahIM sAta hAtha hote haiN| cAhe hama kisI bhI paramparA kI dRSTi se isa RcA kI vyAkhyA kareM lAkSaNika rUpa meM hI karanA hogaa| aisI sthiti meM isa RcA ko jahA~ dayAnanda sarasvatI Adi vaidika paramparA ke vidvAnoM ne hindU paramparAnusAra vyAkhyAyita karane kA prayatna kiyA vahI jaina vidvAnoM ne ise jaina dRSTi se vyAkhyAyita kiyaa| jaba sahaja zabdAnusArI artha saMbhava nahIM hai taba lAkSaNika artha ke atirikta anya koI vikalpa bhI zeSa nahI rhtaa| isI prakAra Rgveda ke 7veM maNDala ke paccAvanaveM sUkta kI sAtavIM RcA ( 7.55.7 ) meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki sahasa zrRMga vAlA vRSabha samudra se Upara aayaa| yadyapi vaidika vidvAn isa RcA kI vyAkhyA meM vRSabha kA artha sUrya karate haiM, ve vRSabha kA sUrya artha isa AdhAra para lagAte haiM ki vRSabha zabda kA vyutpattilabhya artha hai jo varSA kA kAraNa hotA hai, vaha vRSabha hai| kyoMki sUrya vRSTi kA kAraNa hai, ataH vRSabha kA eka artha sUrya bhI ho sakatA hai| sahasa zrRMga kA artha bhI ve sUrya kI hajAroM kiraNoM se karate haiM, kintu jaina dRSTi se isakA artha yaha bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jJAna rUpI sahasoM kiraNoM se maNDita RSabhadeva samudrataTa para aaye| isI RcA kI agalI paMkti kA zabdArtha isa prakAra hai -- usa kI sahAyatA se hama manuSyoM ko sulA dete haiM, kintu sUrya kI sahAyatA se manuSyoM ko kaise sulAyA jA sakatA hai yaha bAta sAmAnya buddhi kI samajha meM nahIM AtI hai| phira bhI sahasa zrRMga kI vyAkhyA to lAkSaNika dRSTi se hI karanA hogaa| vRSabha zabda baila kA vAcI bhI hai aura Rgveda meM baila ke kriyAkalApoM kI agni, indra Adi tulanA bhI kI gaI hai jaise 8veM maNDala meM zizAno vRSabho yathAgniH zrRMga davidhvata, (8.68.13 ) meM hama dekhate hai ki agni kI tulanA vRSabha se kI gayI hai aura kahA gayA hai ki jaise vRSabha apane sIgoM se prahAra karate samaya apane sira ko hilAtA hai usI prakAra agni bhI apanI jvAlAoM ko hilAtA hai| isI prakAra kI anya RcAyeM bhI haiM -- vRSabho na tigmabhRgo'ntayUMtheSu rosvata(10.86.15) tIkSNa sIMga vAle vRSabha ke samAna jo apane samUha meM zabda karatA hai| isakA jaina dRSTi se lAkSaNika artha yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki tIkSNa prajJA vAle RSabha deva apane samUha arthAt caturvidha saMgha yA pariSadA meM upadeza dete haiM aura he indra tuma bhI una para maMthana yA cintana kro| jJAtavya hai isa RcA meM 'na' zabda samAnatA yA tulanA kA vAcI hai| isI prakAra 'AzuH zisAno vRSabho na (10.103.1 ) meM bhI tulanA hai| isa prakAra Rgveda meM vRSabha zabda tulanA kI dRSTi se baila ke artha meM bhI aneka sthaloM meM prayukta huA hai| uparyukta samasta carcAoM ke AdhAra para hama isa niSkarSa para pahucate haiM ki Rgveda meM jina-jina sthAnoM para kRSabha zabda kA prayoga huA hai una sabhI sthaloM kI vyAkhyA vRSabha ko 'aSabha mAnakara nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| mAtra kucha sthala hai jahA~ para Rgveda meM prayukta vRSabha kI vyAkhyA RSabha ke sandarbha meM kI jA sakatI hai| inameM bhI sampUrNa RcA ko vyAkhyAyita karane ke liye lAkSaNika artha kA hI grahaNa karanA hogaa| adhika se adhika hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki Rgvedika kAla meM vRSabha eka upAsya yA stutya RSi ke rUpa meM gRhIta the|
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________________ 196 Rgveda meM arhata aura RSabhavAcI macAyeM : eka adhyayana punaH magveda meM vRSabha kA rudra, indra, agni Adi ke sAtha jo samIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai vaha itanA avazya batAtA hai ki yaha samIkaraNa paravartI kAla meM pracalita rhaa| 6ThIM zatI se lekara 10vIM zatI ke jaina sAhitya meM jahA~ RSabha kI stuti yA usake paryAyavAcI nAmoM kA ullekha hai unameM RSabha kI stuti isI rUpa meM kI gyii| RSabha ke ziva, paramezvara, zaMkara, vidhAtA Adi nAmoM kI carcA hameM jaina paramparA ke prasiddha bhaktAmara stotra meM bhI milatI hai23 / Rgveda meM upalabdha kucha RcAoM kI jaina dRSTi se RSabhadeva ke prasaMga meM vyAkhyA karane kA hamane prayatna kiyA hai| vidvAnoM se yaha apekSA hai ki ve ina RcAoM ke artha ko dekheM aura nizcita kareM ki isa prayAsa kI kitanI sArthakatA hai| yadyapi maiM svayaM isa tathya se sahamata hU~ ki ina RcAoM kA yahI eka mAtra artha hai aisA dAvA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| agrima paMktiyoM meM kucha RcAoM kA jaina dRSTiparaka artha prastuta hai| merI vyastatAoM ke kAraNa vRSabhavAcI sabhI 112 RcAoM kA artha to nahIM kara pAyA hU~ mAtra dRSTi-bodha ke liye kucha RcAoM kI vyAkhyA prastuta hai| isa vyAkhyA ke sambandha meM bhI mAtra itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ina RcAoM ke jo vibhinna lAkSaNika artha sambhava haiM uname eka artha yaha bhI ho sakatA hai| isase adhika merA koI dAvA nahIM hai| RSabha vAcI Rgvaidika RcAoM kI jaina dRSTi se vyAkhyA asUyamindra te giraH prati tvaamudhaast| ajoSA vRSabhaM patim / / (1.9.4) he indra ! ( ajoSA) jinhoMne strI kA tyAga kara diyA hai, una RSabha ( patim ) svAmI ke prati ApakI jo aneka prakAra kI vANI (stuti ) hai, vaha ApakI (bhAvanAoM) ko uttamatA pUrvaka abhivyakta karatI hai| ( jJAtavya hai ki jaina paramparA meM indra hI sarvaprathama jina kI stuti karatA hai - zakrastava ( namotyuNaM) kA pATha jainoM meM sarva prasiddha hai) tvamagne vRSabhaH puSTivardhana udyatasuce bhavasi vAyyaH / ya Ahuti pari vedA vaSaTkRtimekAyugne viza avivaassi|| (1.31.5) he jyotiravarUpa vRSabha ! Apa puSTi karane vAle haiM jo loga homa karane ke lie tatpara haiM unake lie A karake Apa sunane yogya haiM arthAt unheM AhUta hokara Apake vicAroM ko jAnanA caahie| Apa kA upadeza jAnane yogya hai kyoMki usake AdhAra para uttama kriyAyeM kI jA sakatI haiN| Apa ekAyu arthAt carama zarIrI haiM aura tIrthaMkaroM meM prathama yA agra haiM aura prajA Apa meM hI nivAsa karatI hai arthAt Apa kI hI AjJA kA anusaraNa karatI hai| [jJAtavya hai - vaidika dRSTi se agni ke liye ekAyu evaM agra vizeSaNa kA prayoga utanA samIcIna nahIM hai jitanA vRSabha tIrthaMkara ke sAtha hai| unheM ekAyu kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jinakA yahI antima jIvana hai| dUsare prathama tIrthaMkara hone se unake sAtha agra vizeSaNa bhI upayukta hai|
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 197 na ye divaH pRthivyA antamAparna mAyAbhidhanadAM paryabhUvana / yujaM vajaM vRSabhazcakra indro nijyotiSA tamaso gA adukSata / / 1.33. 10) he svAmI (vRSabhadeva ) ! na to svarga ke aura na pRthvI ke vAsI mAyA aura dhanAdi ( parigraha ) se paribhUta hone ke kAraNa ApakI maryAdA ( ApakI yogyatA) ko prApta nahIM hote haiN| he vRSabha ! Apa samAdhiyukta (yuja ), atikaThora sAdhaka, vrajamaya zarIra ke dhAraka aura indroM ke bhI cakravartI hai - jJAna ke dvArA andhakAra (ajJAna) kA nAza karake gA arthAt prajA ko sukhoM se pUrNa kiijiye| A varSANigrA vRSabho janAnAM rAjA kRSTInAM puruhUta indraH / stutaH avasyannavasopa madrigyuktA harI vRSaNA yaahyaang|| 1.177.1) bahutoM meM prasiddha tathA bahutoM ke dvarA saMstuta sabake usa vicakSaNa buddhi mahAna RSabhadeva kI isa prakAra stuti kI jAtI hai| vaha stutya hokara hameM vIratA, godhana evaM vidyA pradAna kreN| hama usa tejasvI (jJAna) dAtA ko jAne yA prApta kreN| tvamagre indro vRSabhaH satAmasi tvaM viSNulalagAyo namasyaH / tvaM brahamA rayividrahmaNasyate tvaM vidhartaH saghase purndhyaa| 2.1.3) he jyoti svarUpa jinendra RSabha Apa satpuruSoM ke bIca praNAma karane yogya hai| Apa hI viSNu hai aura Apa hI brahmA haiM tathA Apa hI vibhinna prakAra kI buddhiyoM se yukta meghAvI hai| jisa sapta kiraNoM vAle vRSabha ne sAta sindhuoM ko bahAyA aura nirmala AtmA para car3he hue karmamala ko naSTa kara diyaa| ve bajabAhu indra arthAt jinendra Aya hI haiN| unmA anAnudo vRSabho doyato vadho gambhIra aSvo asamaSTakAvyaH / raghacodaH zrUnathano vIlitaspRthurindraH suyazaH upasaH svarjanat / / 2.21.4) dAna dene meM jinake Age koI nahIM nikala sakA aise saMsAra ko arthAt janma-maraNa ko kSINa karane vAle karma zatruoM ko mArane vAle asAdhAraNa, kuzala, dRr3ha agoM vAle, uttama karma karane vAle RSabha ne suyajJa spI ahiMsA dharma kA prakAzana kiyaa| anAnudo vRSabho jagmirAhavaM niSTaptA zatru pratanAsu sAsahiH / asi satya RNayA brahmaNaspata upasya cidamitA vIkuharSiNaH / / 2.23.11) he jJAna ke svAmI kRSabha tumhAre jaisA dUsarA dAtA nahI hai| tuma Atma zatraoM ko tapAne vAle, unakA parAbhava karane vAle, karma rUpI RNa ko dUra karane vAle, uttama harSa dene vAle kaThora sAdhaka va satya ke prakAzaka ho| unmA mamanda vRSabho marutvAntvakSIyasA vayasA naadhmaanm| dhRNIya chAyAmaraNa azIyAsvivAseyaM rudrasya sugnm|| (2.33.6)
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________________ 198 Rgveda meM arhata aura RSabhavAcI RcAyeM : eka adhyayana marutvAn arthAt marudevI ke putra RSabha hama ( bhikSuoM) ko tejasvI anna se tRpta kre| jisa prakAra dhUpa se pIDita vyakti chAyA kA Azraya letA hai usI prakAra maiM bhI pApa rahita hokara kaThora sAdhaka vRSabha ke sukha ko prApta kara va unakI sevA karU~ arthAt nirvANa lAbha prApta kruuN| pradIdhitirvizrvavArA jigAti hotAramilaH prathamaM yjdhyai| acchA namobhivRSabha vandadhya sa devAnyadiSito yjiiyaan||(3.4.3) samagra saMsAra ke dvArA vareNya tathA prakAza ko karane vAlI buddhi sabase prathama pUjA karane ke lie jyoti svarUpa RSabha ke pAsa jAtI hai| usa RSabha kI vandanA karane ke lie hama namaskAra karate hue usake pAsa jaayeN| hamAre dvArA prerita hokara vaha bhI pUjanIya devoM kI pUjA kreN| apAlaho agne vRSabho didIhi puro vizrvAH saubhagA sajigIyAna / yazasya netA prathamasya pAyojAvido bRhataH suprnniite|| (3.15.4) he aparAjita aura tejasvI vRSabha Apa sabhI aizvaryazAlI nagaroM meM dharma yukta karmo kA prakAza kiijie| he sarvajJa ! Apa ahiMsA dharma ke uttama rIti se nirNAyaka hue, Apa hI tyAga mArga ke prathama netA hai| ( jJAtavya hai ki yahAM yajJa zabda ko tyAga mArga ke artha meM grahIta kiyA gayA marutvantaM vRSabha vAvRdhAnamakavAriM divyaM shaasmindrm| vizrvAsAhamavase nUtanAyograM sahodAmiha tvaM huvem|| (3.47.5) marutvAn vikAsamAna avarNanIya divya zAsaka sabhI (karma) zatruoM ko harAne vAle vIra RSabha ko hama Atma-rakSaNa ke lie yahA~ AmaMtrita karate haiN| sadyo ha jAto vRSabhaH kanInaH prabhatbhAvadandhasaH sutsy| sAdhoH piba pratikAmaM yathA te rasAziraH prathama somyasya / / (3.48.1) utpanna hote hI mahAbalavAna, sundara va taruNa una Sabha ne annadAna karane vAloM kA tatkAla rakSaNa kiyaa| he jinendra vRSabha ! samatA rasa ke andara milAye mizraNa kA Apa sarvaprathama pAna patirbhava vRtrahantsanatAnAM girA vizvAyurvRSabho kyodhAH / A no gahi sakhyebhiH zivebhirmahAnmahIbhirutibhiH saraNyana / / (3.31.18) he ajJAna rUpI bAdaloM ke vinAzaka, satya aura AnandadAyaka vANiyoM ke svAmI pUrNa Ayu vAle (vizvAyu) mahAna vRSabha mitratA ke bhAva se yukta hokara tathA ziva mArga (mokSa mArga) kA pratipAdana karane hetu tyAga mArga kI ora jAte hue hamArI ora aaiiye| mahA~ ugro vAvRdhe vIryAya samAcakre vRSabhaH kaavyen| indro bhago vAjadA asya gAvaH pra jAyante dakSiNA asyapUrvIH / / 3.36.5)
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 199 ve mahAna aizvaryavAna, kaThoratapasvI bhagavAna vRSabha apane puruSArtha ke lie arthAt nirvANa kI prApti ke lie Age bar3hate haiN| unakI prajA aura dAna pUrvakAla se hI prasiddha hai| [jJAtavya hai ki RSabha prathama zAsaka the aura unhone apanI prajA ko samyaka jIvana zailI sikhAyI thI tathA dIkSA ke pUrva vipula dAna diyA thaa| isI dRSTi se yahAM kahA gayA hai ki unakI prajA ( gAva ) evaM dAna pUrva se hI prasiddha hai| asUta pUrvo vRSabho jyAyAnimA asya zurudhaH santi pUrvIH / divo napAtA vidayasya dhIbhiH kSatraM rAjAnA pradivo ddhaathe|| (3.38.5) una zreSTha RSabhadeva ne pUrvo ko utpanna kiyA athavA ve pUrva jJAna se yukta hue| jisa prakAra varSA karane vAlA megha (vRSabha ) pRthvI kI pyAsa bujhAtA hai usI prakAra ve pUrvo ke jJAna ke dvArA janatA kI pyAsa ko bujhAte haiN| he vRSabha ! Apa rAjA aura kSatriya haiM tathA AtmA kA patana nahIM hone dete haiN| yadanyAsu vRSabho roravIti so anyasminyUtha ni dadhAti retaH / sa hi kSapAvAntsa bhagaH sa rAjA mahadevAnAmasuratvamekam / / (3.55.17) jisa prakAra vRSabha anya yUthoM meM jAkara DakAratA hai aura anya yUthoM meM jAkara apane vIrya ko sthApita karatA hai| usI prakAra RSabhadeva bhI anya dArzanika samUha meM jAkara apanI vANI kA prakAza karate haiM aura apane siddhAnta kA sthApana karate haiN| ve RSabha karmoM kA kSapana karane vAle athavA saMyamI athavA jinakA pramAda naSTa ho aise apramatta bhagavAna, rAjA, devoM aura asuroM meM mahAna hai| catvAri zrRMgA yo asya pAdA dezIrSe sapta hastAso asy| tridhA baddho vRSabho roravIti maho devo mAM A vivesh||(4.58.3) ve RSabha deva annata catuSTaya spI cAra zrRMgo se tathA samyaka jJAna, darzana evaM cAritrarUpI tIna pAdoM se yukta haiN| jJAnopayoga va darzanopayoga aise do siroM, pA~ca indriyoM, mana evaM buddhi aise sAta hAthoM se yukta haiN| ve tIna yogoM se baddha hokara mRtyoM meM nivAsa karate haiN| ve mahAdeva RSabha apanI vANI kA prakAzana karate haiN|
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________________ 20) agveda meM arhata aura RSabhavAcI RcAyeM : eka adhyayana sandarbha 1. jaina, DaoN.sAgaragala, jaina, bauddha aura gItA kA sAdhanA mArga, rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI, jayapura 1982, pR. bhUmikA pR. 6-10 niggaya sakka tAvasa geruya AjIva paMcahA samaNA-piNDaniyukti 445, niyuktisaMgraha saM. . vijaya jinendra sUrIzvara zrI harSa puSpAmRta jaina grantha mAlA lAkhAbAbala jAmanagara (a) niggaMdha dhammammi imA samAhI, sUyagaDo, jaina vizvabhAratI lAu~nU 216 142 (ba) nigaNTho nATaputto -- dIghanikAya, mahAparinivvANa sutta-subhadhaparivvAjakavatthuna 3123 186 (sa) nigaMThesu pi me kaTe ime viyApaTA hohaMti -- jaina zilAlekhasaMgraha bhAga-2, lekha kramAMka -1 isibhAsiyAiM suttAI - prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI jayapura, 1988 dekheM-- bhUmikA, sAgaramala jaina, pR.19-20 [sAmAnyatayA sampUrNa bhUmikA hI draSTavya hai] jJAtavya hai ki Rgveda 10 18514 meM bArhata zabda to milatA hai, kintu Arhata zabda nahIM milatA hai yadyapi arhana evaM 'arhanto' zabda milate haiM, kintu brAhmaNoM, AraNyakoM AdimeM Arhata aura bArhata donoM zabda milate haiN| dekheM-- sutaM metaM bhante-kajjI yAni tAni vajjInaM vajjicetiyAni abbhantarAni ceva bAhirAni tAni sakkAronti garuM karontimAnenti puujenti| ..vajjInaM arahantesu dhammikA rakkhAAvaraNagutti, susaMvihitA kinti anAgatA ca arahanto vijitaM Agaccheyyu AgatA ca arahanto vijite phAsu vihreyyu| -- dIghanikAya mahAparinivvANasuttaM 31114 ( nAlandA devanAgarI pAli sirIja) 7. dekheM-- saMskRta-hindI koza - bRhat (vi. ) strI. tI, bRhatI napuM. 1 veda 2 sAmaveda kA maMtra, 3 brahma (saM. vAmana zivarAma ApTe, motIlAla banArasIdAsa dehalI-7 dvi saM. 1984, pR. 720) 8. dekheM-- devo deyAn yajatviAnararhan Rgveda 1 194 11, 21311, 3, 2133 110, 517 12, 5152 15,5187 15,7118122, 1019917, vaidika padAnukrama-koSa, prathamakhaNDaH vizvezvarAnanda vaidika zodhasaMsthAna, hoziyAra pura, 1976, pR. 518 9. judhArihaM khalu dullabhaM / -- AcArAMga 1 11 1513 imeNa ceva jujjhAhi, kiM te jujjheNa bajjhao - AcArAMga 1 11 1513 10. (A) Radha Krishnan-Indian philosophy (Ist edition ) Vol.1, p. 287.
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 201 (B) Indian Antiquary, Vol. Ix, Page 163. 11. barhiSi tasminneva viSNudatta bhagavAn paramarSibhiH nAbheH priya cikIrSayA tadavarodhAya ne marudevyAM dharmAn darzayitu kAmo vAtarazanAnAM zramaNAnAmRSINAmUrdhvamandhinA zuklayA tanvAvatAra / --zrImadbhAgavata 513 120 12. dekheM-- (a) liMgapurANa 48 119-23 (ba) zivapurANa 52 185 (sa) AgneyapurANa 10111-12 (da) brahmANDapusaNa 14 153 (i) viSNupurANa-dvitIyAMza a.1 126-27 (epha) kUrmapurANa 41 137-38 (jI) varAhapurANa a.74 (eca) skandhapurANa adhyAya 37 (AI) mArkaNDeyapurANa adhyAya 50139-41 dekheM ahiMsAvANI - tIrthaMkara bha. RSabhadeva vizeSAMka varSa 7 aMka 1-2 maruputra RSabha - zrI rAjArAma jaina, pR.87-92 13. vRSabha yathA zRMge zizAnaH davidhvat - vRSabha = baila 8160113, 6 116 147, 7119 / / 14. vRSabhaH indraH vajaM yujaM - vRSabha = balavAna 1133 110 tvaM vRSabhaH puSTivardhana - vRSabha = valiSTa 1 131 15 15. dekheM-- RSabha evaM bRSabha zabda - saMskRta hindI koza, vAmana zivarAma ApTe, motIlAla banArasI dAsa, dillI 1984, pRSTha 224 evaM 973 vRSabhaH = varSA karane vAlA 515813 jJAtavya hai ki svAmI dayAnanda ne indra ke sAtha prayukta vRSabha zabda ko indra kA vizeSaNa mAnakara usakA artha varSA karane vAlA kiyA hai| dekheM - 5143113,515816 17. vRSabhaH bRhaspati = kAmanAoM ke varSaka bRhaspati - 10192 190 vRSabhaH prajA varSatIti vAti bRhatireta iti vA tad vRSakarmA varSaNAd vRSabhaH / - niruktam (yAskamaharSi prakAzitaM) 912211 18. anarthakA hi mantrAH - nirukta, adhyAya 1 khaNDa 15 pAda 5 sUtra 2 - khemarAja zrIkRSNadAsa mumbayyAM saMvat 1982 19. Rgveda bhASAbhASya - dayAnanda sarasvatI - dayAnanda saMsthAna, naI dillI-5 dekheM - Rgveda 10 1111 12 kA bhaassy| 20. Rgveda kA subodha bhASya padmabhUSaNa DaoN. zrI pAda dAmodara satavalekara svAdhyAya maNDala pAraDI - jilA balasAda, 1985 dekheM Rgveda 10111112 kA bhaassy| 21. vahIM, dekheM Rgveda 4158 13
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________________ 202 Rgveda meM arhata aura RSabhavAyI RcAyeM : eka adhyayana 22. Rgveda bhASA bhASya, dayAnanda sarasvatI, dayAnanda saMsthAna, naI dillI-5 dekheM - Rgveda 415813 23. bhaktAmarastotra ( mAnatuMga), 23, 24, 25 tvAmAmananti munayaH paramaM pumAMsa -- mAdityavarNamamalaM tamasaH prstaat| tvAmeva samyagupalabhya jayanti mRtyu nAnyaH zivaH zivapadasya munIndra ! panthAH / / 23 / / tvAmavyayaM vibhumacintyamasaMkhyamAdyaM brahamANamIzvaramanantamanagaketum / yogIzvaraM viditayogamanekameke jJAnasvarupamamalaM pravadanti santaH / / 24 / / buddhastvameva vibudhArcitabuddhibodhAt tvaM zaGkaro'si bhuvntryshngkrtvaat| dhAtAsi dhIra zivamArgavidhervidhAnAd vyaktaM tvameva bhagavan puruSottamo'si / / 25 / / - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI-5.