Rajasthan Bhasha Puratattva

Author(s): Udaysinh Bhatnagar
Publisher: Z_Jinvijay_Muni_Abhinandan_Granth_012033.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/211827/1

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rAjasthAna bhASA purAtatva 1. prAg etihAsika pRSTha bhUmi, zrAdima jAtiyAM-bhola, dravir3a, zrAgneya, maMgola unakI bhASA pravRttiyAM aura saMskRti / arthamaya jagata kI abhivyakti ke liye bhASA eka mahAna sAdhana hai| isake prAcInatama aura zreSThatama pratIka dhvani dvArA saMghaTita ve rUpa haiM jo mAnava vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha vikasita hote cale A rahe haiM aura jo samaya samaya para yatra tatra vikIrNa rUpa meM milate rahate haiM / bhASA aura manuSya kA vikAsa sadA se anyonyAzrita rahA hai| jyoM jyoM manuSya jagata ke artha kI gahanatA aura vistAra meM praveza karatA gayA tyoM tyoM usakI abhivyakti ke liye usakA yaha bhASA rUpI sAdhana adhika sabala aura sakSama hotA gayA / isI prakAra mAnava ne bhI bhASA ke mAdhyama se jagata ke gUr3hatama artha ko samajhakara apanA vikAsa kiyaa| bhASA ke dvArA manuSya ne jIvana ke gaMbhIra rahasyoM ko khojA, usake tatvoM para cintana-manana kiyA, aura unheM jIvana ke vyavahAra yogya banAne ke liye bhAvoM aura vicAroM kI sRSTi meM sthApita kiyA / sRSTi aura saMskRti ke vikAsa ke sAtha jyoM jyoM bhASA meM vikAsa huA, vaha adhikAdhika vyavahAra yogya hotI gaI, usake rUpa meM parivartana hotA gayA / dhvani aura artha meM adhikAdhika sAmya hotA gayA / bhASA meM artha kI sthiti sthApanA ke hetu vividhatA aura rUpAtmakatA bar3hI / pRthvI para aneka jAtiyoM kI sRSTi huI, unakA vikAsa tathA prasAra hugrA / unake vikAsa aura hrAMsa ke sAtha unakI bhASA kA bhI vikAsa aura hrAsa hotA gayA / aneka jAtiyAM kahIM kahIM apanI bhASA ke avazeSoM ko surakSita bhI kara gaI / inameM uccAraNa dhvani sabase prAcIna aura paramparAgata avazeSa rahA aura usake pazcAt rUpa / dhvani aura rUpa meM bhASA ke vikAsa kA itihAsa chipA hai / isa itihAsa meM bhASA aura usako bolane vAlI jAti ke udgama, vikAsa, hAsa, parivartana Adi aneka sthitiyoM kI khoja kI jA sakatI hai / bhASA ke itihAsa se mAnava jAti ke itihAsa kA bhI udghATana hotA hai / bhASA kI sthiti - usakA udgama, vikAsa, hrAsa prAdi usake bolanevAloM para nirbhara karatI hai| bolanevAloM kI uccAraNa aura racanA - sambandhI pravRttiyoM tathA una para prAkRtika sAmAjika, dhArmika, sAMskRtika, rAjanaitika Adi prabhAvoM ke kAraNa bhASA kI zakti nyUnAdhika hotI rahatI hai / inake dvArA bhASA ke udgama, vikAsa, hrAsa, parivartana Adi ko sakriya poSaNa milatA hai / ye hI pravRtiyAM jaba kisI bhASA kI apanI ho jAtI haiM to bhASA kA svatantra astitva sAmane zrA jAtA hai / aMtaH hameM yaha khojanA hai ki ve kauna sI bhASA pravRtiyAM haiM jo rAjasthAna kI apanI haiM / bhArata ke jisa pradeza ko hama Aja rAjasthAna kahate haiM; vaha bhASA kI dRSTi se koI pUrNa ikAI nahIM ho sakatI / rAjanaitika sImAe~ bhASA kI sImAoM se bahuta kama mela khAtI haiN| eka hI bhASA kI sImA meM do rAjanaitika sImAe dekhI jAtI haiM / bhASA kI sImAeM usake bolane vAle logoM ke Upara nirbhara karatI

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140 zrI udayasiMha bhaTanAgara haiN| isa dRSTi se rAjasthAna bhASA purAtattva kI khoja yahAM para rahane vAlI Adima jAti ke AdhAra para hI kI jA sakatI hai| yahAM ke Adima nivAsiyoM kI bhASA, jIvana, vyavahAra prAdi; prAcIna nivAsa sthAnoM ke nAma tathA anya aneka prakAra ke utkhanita prAgaitihAsika avazeSa rAjasthAna bhASA purAtatva kI ora saMketa karate haiM / Adhunika boliyoM taka meM aise tatva milate haiM jo yahAM kI prAdima tathA anya prAcIna jAtiyoM ke bhASA-avazeSa kahe jA sakate haiM aura jo rAjasthAnI ke akSuNNa prAdhAra haiM / rAjasthAnI dhvanisaMhati, rUpayojanA, bhAvAbhivyakti Adi meM prAcIna tatva vartamAna haiM; aura isakI khoja se rAjasthAnI hI nahIM; bhArata meM bolI jAne vAlI anya bhASAoM aura unako bolane vAlI jAtiyoM ke itihAsa kI rahasyamaya pRSThabhUmi kA udghATana ho sakatA hai|' rAjasthAna kI prAga-itihAsika bhUmi para bhI mAnava vicaratA thA, parantu yaha kahane ke liye hameM pramANoM kI AvazyakatA hai ki isa bhUmi para kimI Adi mAnava kA udbhava huA ho| jo avazeSa yA anya sAmagrI aba taka upalabdha hai usase yaha to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki rAjasthAna bhI prAga-aitihAsika yuga se aneka jAtiyoM ke utthAna-patana kI bhUmi rahA hai| Aja se kaI hajAra varSa pUrva rAjasthAna meM prarvali parvata mAlAoM se vizAla samudra sparza karatA thA,2 jisake avazeSa AbU parvata zreNI meM vidyamAna haiN| dakSiNa rAjasthAna tathA bIkAnera kA eka bhAga Aja bhI 'bAgar3a' kahA jAtA hai, jisakA artha samudrataTa kI kachAra bhUmi se hotA hai| Rgveda kI racanA ke samaya rAjasthAna kA bahuta bar3A bhAga samudra meM nimagna thA aura yahIM para sarasvatI nadI himAlaya se nikala kara samudra meM milatI thii| yaha samudra paMjAba ke pUrva se lekara gaMgA ke maidAna meM laharAtA thA / isakA ullekha Rgdeva kI RcAoM meM milatA hai / Adhunika bhUtattva anuvIkSaNa se bhI isa kathana kI puSTi hotI hai ki tRtIya bhUstara yuga (Tertiary Era) meM Adhunika rAjasthAna meM aura madhyatRtIya bhUstara utthAna yuga (Mioseme Epooh) meM gaMgA ke maidAna meM samudra laharAtA thaa| bhUtattva zAstrI pramANoM se yaha bhI spaSTha hai ki bhArata meM madhya tRtIya bhUstara utthAna yuga (Miosene Epoch) aura prastarodakta utthAna yuga (Paleosene Epoch) ke samaya mAnava vartamAna thaa|4 sambhava hai yaha mAnava rAjasthAna kA bhIla athavA usI kA koI prAdi puruSa rahA hai, jo isI samudra ke taTa para vicaratA huA pUrva meM, aura phira dakSiNa meM bar3hA aura vahAM se pUrvI dvIpoM taka calA gayA / jahAM prAja hindamahAsAgara laharAtA hai / vahAM siktaprastarodakta utthAna yuga (Permian Epoch) meM eka hinda mahAsAgarIya (Indo Oceanic) mahAdvIpa thaa| dakSiNa aphrIkA aura bhArata / misalena yuga (Mislane Epoch) ke anta taka eka hI bhUmi taTa se 1. We have thus the Primitive-Negreto tribes, probably the most ancient people to make India their homes. . . . Then these were followed by Austric tribes from Indo-China, and these in their turn by Dravidians from the west. The Aryans next followed and from the North-East and North came Tibeto Chinese tribes."S. K. Chatterji-Indo-Aryan and Hindi P. 2. 2. Avinash Chandra-Rigvedic India P. 7. 3. vahI pR0 7 4. vahI pR0 556-57

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rAjasthAna bhASA purAtatva 141 jur3e the aura yaha mahAdvIpa bhI isa yuga ke uttarakAla taka malayana (Adhunika malaya prAdi pradeza) se saMbaddha thA / ' malayanaloga jo pUrvI dvIpoM meM jAkara base unheM Aja polineziyana bhASA samUha meM rakhA jAtA hai| isake sAtha malayana logoM ko milAne se yaha pUrA samUha aba malaya-polineziyana-bhASA-samUha kahA jAne lagA hai| rAjasthAna bhASA purAtatva kI khoja meM isa samUha kI bhASA ke prAcIna aura mUla tattvoM kA adhyayana bhI apekSita hogA / ina dvIpoM meM eka ati prAcIna jAti hai jisako kAkeziyasa jAti kahA jAtA hai jo ati prAcIna kAla meM hI yahAM Akara jama cukI thii| isa jAti aura bhIla jAti meM kucha aisI samAnatAe~ lakSita hotI haiM jo inake prAcIna sambandha kI ora saMketa karatI haiN| inake rIti-rivAja aura bhASA-pravRttiyoM kI samAnatA inake hajAroM varSoM ke prAcIna sambandha kI dyotaka hai|6 bhIloM ke samAna hI unakI sAdhAraNa vezabhUSA hotI hai jo unakA adhobhAgaDhakane ke liye paryApta hotI hai-kapar3e yA pattoM kI / vizeSa avasara yA parva ke samaya striyAM kaMdhoM ko DhakatI haiM aura puruSa vRkSa kI chAla kA kapar3e jaisA banAkara pahanate haiN| yaha kapar3A 'Tapa' ('Tapa) kahalAtA hai / yaha 'Tapa' zabda bholI-rAjasthAnI se milatA-julatA aura lagabhaga samA 5. "India, South-Africa and Australia were connected by an Indo-Oceanic Continent in the Perminian epoch, and the two former countries remained connected (with at the utmost only short interruption) up to the end of the Mislane Period. During the later part of the time this land was also connected with Malyan."-Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society vol, XXXI P. 540. "Joseph Deniper declares the Polynesians a separate ethnic group of IndoPacific area, and in this view he is followed by A. K. Keane, who suggests that they are a branch of Caucasic division of mankind who possibly migrated in the Neolithic period from Asiatic mainlands. Of the migration itself no doubt is now left, but the first entrance of the Polynesians must have been an event so remote that neither by traditions nor otherwise can it be even approximately fixed. The journey of these Caucasians would naturally be in stages. The earliest halting place was probably Malaya Archipelago, where a few of their kin linger in Mantavo Islands on the west coast of Sumatra. Thence at a date within historic times a migration eastward took place. The absence of Sanskrit roots in the Polynesion languages appears to indicate that this migration was in pre-Sanskritic times. The traditions of many of the Polynesian peoples tend to make Savaii, thc largest of the Samoan Islands, their anecstral home in the East Pacific and linguistic and other evidences go to support the theory that the first Polynesion Settlement in the East Pacific was in Samoa, and that thence the various members of the race made their way in all directions. Most likely Samoa was the Island occupied by them." Encyclopaedia Brittanica Vol. II P. 35.

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142 zrI udayasiMha bhaTanAgara sAkAra kA hotA hai, jo dhUpa se bacane ke liye kAma tAMge ke Upara ke AcchAdana ko bhI kahate haiN| idhara nArthI hai| Adhunika 'Tapa' pattoM kA banA huA chAte ke meM AtA hai| prAkala rAjasthAnI meM 'Tapa' gAr3I yA jhAbuA ke bhIloM meM 'Tapa' zabda kA prayoga adhovastra ke liye hI hotA hai| bhIloM ke samAna hI ina logoM meM zarIra para godane kI prathA hai| sAmAjika vyavasthA meM bhI eka prakAra kI samAnatA dekhI jAtI hai| isameM paraspara varga aura zreNI meM Adara sammAna kI bhAvanA bar3I tIvra hai / ucca zreNI yA mukhiyoM ke Adara ke liye bhASA meM vizeSa prayoga hote haiM; jaise- 'mAnA' ke ayaM meM - 1. sAmAnya vyakti ke liye saDa (Hau ) 2. AdaraNIya yA bar3e ke liye maliu mAi ( Maliu mai) 3. padastha mukhiyA ke liye su su mAi (Su Su Mai ) rAjaparivAra ke vyakti ke liye -graphimro mAi ( Afio Mai ) isI prakAra mukhiyA tathA anya AdaraNIya vyakti ke prati prAdara pradarzita karane ke liye sarvanAma meM dvivacana kA prayoga hotA hai| rAjasthAnI meM 'Apa' sarvanAma isI prakAra kA hai| kriyAoM meM bhI 'pA', bhAva, 'Avo', 'padhAro', 'padhAravA meM pAve' meM varga aura okhI kA bhAva nihita hai rAjasthAnI ke mUla meM yaha bhIla saMskRti kI pravRtti honA svAbhAvika hai / anya kisI bhAratIya bhASA meM yaha prabhAva nahIM dekha par3atA / isI prakAra rAjasthAnI sarvanAmoM meM 'thU', 'thAM', 'theM' aura 'Apa' (Apa) ke bhItara bhI vahI pravRtti hai / hindI meM jo pradaravAcaka kA prayoga dekha paDatA hai vaha rAjasthAnI kA hI prabhAva hai| mugala sabhyatA ( vizeSa kara darabArI sabhyatA) rAjapUta sabhyatA kA hI vikasita rUpa hai| isa prakAra rAjapUta sabhyatA kA prabhAva mugala sabhyatA ke dvArA hindI para par3A hai| marAThI meM 'Apa' kA prabhAva atra bhI dvivacana meM hotA hai 'ApalyA mANasa' / 4. - uccAraNa sambandhI pravRtiyoM meM bhI yaha samAnatA dekhI jAtI hai 'ha' kA uccAraNa hotA hai| yaha bhIlI kI eka vizeSatA hai| boliyoM meM hai athavA kahIM lupta bhI ho jAtA hai, kabhI kabhI usakA sthAna koI svara le sAmU sAMsa devIsIMga hAU hAe devIM-ga' yaha bhItI prabhAva hai| avaMti se lekara dakSiNa meM khAnadeza aura pUrva meM vidhya aura satapur3A kI upatyakAoM meM bhIlI pradeza meM yaha pravRtti varttamAna hai| rAjasthAna aura gujarAta jahAM inake rAjya vistRta the isa pravRtti se pUrNataH prabhAvita haiN| zakoM kI bhASA meM isa pravRtti ke hone ke kAraNa griyarsana ne isako zaka prabhAva mAnA hai, parantu zakoM meM aura inameM isa pravRti kA srota eka hI hai aura usakA mUla sthAna hai kAkeziyA, jahAM se donoM ke pUrvajoM ne prasAra kiyA / mIla hUNoM se prAcIna haiN| yahI pravRtti sAmo 7 rAjasthAnI meM 'sa' ke sthAna para yaha 'ha' prati pralpa sunAI par3atA letA hai; jaise---

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rAjasthAna bhASA purAtatva 143 (Samoa) ke Asa pAsa ke dvIpa samUhoM meM vartamAna hai| isI prakAra ina donoM meM dantyoSThya va (v);, aura dvayoSThya v (W)' bhI vartamAna hai| bhIla bhArata kI una prAcInatama jAtiyoM meM se hai jo rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata yuga se bhI pahale vartamAna thI aura arvali, vindhyA tathA satapUr3A ke pradeza inake nivAsa sthAna the| pUrva meM jahAM pUrvI dvIpa samUhoM taka unakA sambandha thA isI prakAra pazcima meM kAkeziyA aura phiniziyA taka bhI inakA sambandha rahA hai| bhASA tattva ke AdhAra para isako khojA jA sakatA hai| bhArata kI prAga-etihAsika jAtiyoM ke udgama yA vikAsa kI bhUmi rAjasthAna kA vaha bhUkhaNDa bhI hai jisako arvali kahA jAtA hai / isI pradeza meM usI Adima jAti ke nivAsa sthAna hai jisako bhIla kahA jAtA hai| bhIloM kI apanI bhASA yadyapi Aja naSTa ho gaI hai aura ve Arya bhASA hI. bolate haiM phira bhI kucha aise tattva usameM vartamAna haiM jo unakI prAcInatA ke dyotaka haiM / prarvali meM bikharI huI bastiyoM kA prAnta ati prAcIna kAla se 'magarA' kahalAtA hai| yaha 'magarA' zabda bhASA purAtattva kI dRSTi se vicAraNIya hai| rAjasthAnI meM isakA artha pahAr3a hotA hai aura usI se usakA pahAr3I prAnta se bhI artha liyA jAtA hai| isakA sambandha ijipTo-phiniziyana zabda 'magaroha' se hai, jisakA artha una bhASAoM meM bhI pahAr3a hI hotA hai| isI AdhAra para phiniziyA ke eka prAnta kA nAma 'vAr3I magarAha' (Wady Magrah) milatA hai, jisakA artha phiniziyana bhASA meM pahAr3I prAnta se hI hotA hai / vAr3I zabda kI vyutpatti vATikA se mAnakara usakA artha kisI choTe bAga-bagIcoM se liyA jAtA hai, parantu rAjasthAna-gujarAta meM prAcInakAla se hI isa zabda kA prayoga nivAsa, basto, prAnta, sImA Adi arthoM meM hotA AyA hai| jaise--- 1. prAcIna bar3I jAtiyoM kI bastiyoM aura sImAoM ke dyotaka-bhIlavAr3o, meravAr3o, mevAr3a aadi| 2. anya sthAnIya vizeSatAoM vAlI bastiyoM ke dyotaka-mAravAr3a, DhUMDhAr3a, khairAr3a,(prAighAr3a) prAdi / uttarakAlIna jAtiyoM aura sthAnIya vizeSatAoM kI bastiyoM aura sthAnoM ke dyotakajIlavAr3o, kelavAr3o, kheravAr3o, bAMsavAr3o, sAgavAr3o, gauravAr3a, jhAlAvAr3a, rIcher3a (rIcha+ : IDa< vIDu) Adi / / / 4. eka hI gAMva yA nagara meM bhinna jAtiyoM ke muhalloM ke Adhunika nAma--kumhAravAr3o, telI vAr3o, mocIvAr3o, kolIvAr3o, bhoIvAr3o, jATavAr3I, boharavAr3I Adi / 7. "Apart from traditions Samon is the most archaic of all Polynesions tongues and still preserves the organic letter S which becomes H or disappears in nearly all other archipelegos. Thus the terms Sawaii, itself, originally Savaiki is supposed to have been carried by Samsan wanderers over the ocean of Tahiti, Newzealand and the Marquisses Sandwhich groups, where it still survives in such varient forms as Havar,?' Hawaiki, 8 Havaikio and Hawaite: "2 " Encyclopeedia Brittanica Vol. XXIV P. 115-11th Ed.,

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144 udayasiMha bhaTanAgara inameM eka hI zabda ke vAr3a, vAr3o, vAr3I, bIDu cAra rUpa haiM, jo sthAna aura sImA ke dyotaka haiM aura phiniziyana vAr3I (Wady) ke samAnArthI haiN| 'magarA' zabda para vistArapUrvaka vicAra karane se hamArA dhyAna pUrva kI ora magadha aura vahAM se varmA ke arakAna pahAr3I pradeza meM basI huI ati prAcIna jAti 'maga' kI prora prAkarSita ho jAtA hai aura kucha aisA lagatA hai ki ijipTo-phiniziyana 'magarAha' rAjasthAnI 'magaro' bihArI 'magadharA' aura 'parakAna' ke 'maga' meM 'maga' tatva meM dhvani-sAmya ke sAtha koI arthasAmya bhI hai| isa prakAra 'magarA' se bhIloM kA sambandha pazcima meM eziyA mAinara aura pUrva meM arakAna taka kahA jAtA hai / vAr3a, vAr3o, vAr3I, vIDu zabdoM se inakA sambandha pazcima meM eziyA mAinara aura dakSiNa meM tamilanAr3a (>tamillavAr3a) se sthApita hotA hai| tamila se sambandha rakhanevAlI anya prAcIna bhIlI zabda pAla, pAlI, pAlavI haiM, jo dravir3a se dhvani-sAmya aura artha sAmya rakhate haiN| bhIloM meM inakA artha kramazaH sImA, bastI aura mukhiyA hotA hai / tamila meM 'pallI' zabda bhIlI 'pAlavI' kA samAnarthI hai / isa prakAra 'vAr3a' (vIDu) aura pAla (>palla) prAcInatama zabda haiM aura prAcInatama bhASAvazeSa bhI, jinakA sambandha rAjasthAna se ati prAcInakAla se calA AyA hai| isa prakAra prarvali (>ar+valli) aura arbuda (a+buddha) meM ar kA artha bhI pahAr3a hotA hai / 'ar' ke samAnArthI phiniziyA meM 'ardasa" (pahAr3I pradeza) yUnAna meM, 'arkAdiyA'(Arkadia)= peloponIja kA eka pahAr3I prAnta aura varmA meM 'arakAna' nAmoM meM 'ara' tatva vartamAna haiM |-pr tattva kI prAcInatA aura bhIloM kA usake sAtha sambandha isase spaSTa hotA hai aura yUnAna tathA phiniziyA se lekara arakAna taka kisI eka sAmya-sambandha kA saMketa milatA hai| yaha zabda 'magaro' ke bahuta pIche kA hai aura sambhavataH Arya bhASA kA zabda hai| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhIla AryoM se bahuta pahale isa deza meM vartamAna the aura yahAM pA cuke the-athavA yahAM se anya dezoM meM gaye hoN| 10-saMskRta meM 'ar' zabda kA prayoga pahAr3a ke liye hI huA hai, para bhArata meM isa prAnta ko chor3akara zAyada kahIM bhI pahAr3a ke liye 'ara' zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| sambhavata: 'ara' zabda saMskRta meM bahuta pIche svIkRta huA hogA / AbU parvata meM prAbU zabda kA vikAsa abuMda se mAnA jAtA hai / abuMda ar+buda / yahA~ kucha logoM ne buda zabda kA sambandha phArasI 'buta' jo sthApita kiyA jo ThIka nahIM hai / buda zabda 'bhuja' kA apabhraMza hai / bhuja ke 'ma' meM mahAprANa lopa hokara 'ba' huyA aura 'ja' kA da' meM parivartana humAjaise-kAgaja kA kAgada / idhara 'para' zabda kA artha pahAr3a spaSTa hone para bhI DA. motIlAla menAriyA ne apane thIsisa 'rAjasthAna kA piMgala sAhitya' meM loka pracalita kathana ke AdhAra para ali zabda kI vyutpatti 'pADAvalA' (pAr3A+aMvalA=ulaTA-sIdhA) se mAnI hai| yaha ulaTI vyutpati mAna lene para arbuda kI vyutpatti kaise mAnI jaaygii| 'pADa' zabda kA sambandha hADa >pahAr3a se hai valA, bali, vala zabdoM kA artha nivAsa sthAna se hotA hai / ataH spaSTa hai ki ADAvalA prarvali kA hI apabhraMza rUpa hai jisakA artha 'magarA' yA pahAr3I pradeza se hai|

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rAjasthAna bhASA pura tatva 145 bhArata meM Adima jAtiyoM ke udbhava aura vikAsa ke sambandha meM do pakSa haiM / eka pakSa kA mata hai ki bhArata kI Adima jAti kA udbhava bhArata meM hI hA11 'vaha kahIM bAhara se nahIM aaii|12 dUsare pakSa kA mata hai ki bhArata meM kisI bhI Adima mAnava kA udbhava nahIM huaa| vaha dakSiNa aphrIkA se pAyA yaha nigro-baMdra parivAra se sambandhita nigroiDa (Negroid) yA negriTo (Negrito) kahA jAtA hai / 13 isa negriTo jAti ke loga baune aura kAle raMga ke the| unakA kapAla dIrgha, nAka caur3I aura ThuDDI UMcI hotI thaa| ye loga bhUmi para se cune hue anna se apanA nirvAha karate the| isI taraha ye bhojana kI khoja meM vicarate hue araba aura IrAna ke samudra taToM para hote hue bhArata meM A pahu~ce / lagabhaga sAta hajAra varSa pUrva uSaH prastara yuga (Eolithic) meM ina logoM ne bhArata meM praveza kiyaa| samudra taTa ke mArga se hokara pAne ke kAraNa AbU ke pAsa pAsa ke pahAr3I pradeza meM ina logoM ne apanA nivAsa kiyA hogA, kyoMki usake AsapAsa samudra taTa thaa| inako na to khetI kA jJAna thA aura na pazu pAlana kaa| ye loga bhojana kI khoja meM Aye aura pUrva meM bar3ate-bar3hate pradAmAna dvIpoM taka pahu~ca kara vahA~ basa gaye / vahA~ Aja bhI unakI kucha bastiyA~ hai; jinameM unakI apanI hI bhASA bolI jAtI hai / ina logoM meM se jo loga rAjasthAna meM raha gaye unakA kyA huA, yaha nizcaya pUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isake liye bhASA purAtatva meM avazeSoM kI khoja kI jA sakatI hai| yaha sambhava hai ki inake pIche Ane vAlI jAtiyoM ke dvArA ye loga titara-bitara kara diye gaye hoM athavA unhIM meM mila gaye ho / nigrobaMTu bhASA pravRttiyoM ke aAdhAra para yaha khoja sambhava hai| bandu parivAra kI bhASAeM pUrva-pratyaya saMyogI (Prefix-agglutinating) hotI haiM aura inameM vyAkaraNika liMga-bheda nahIM hotaa| jisa prakAra pUrva meM AsAma meM tibbata-barmA parivAra ke antargata nAga jAti ke logoM meM 'nigrobandu' avazeSa milate haiM / usI prakAra pazcima meM bhI balUcistAna ke dakSiNa meM ina jAtiyoM ke avazeSa aba bhI vartamAna haiN| prAcIna kAla meM udayapura ke AsapAsa ke pahAr3I pradezoM meM nAgoM kI bastiyA~ thI jisake avazeSa udayapura ke pAsa nAgadA gAMva meM milate haiN| asama kI sImA para vomaDilA, lAThITilA Adi lA antavAlI nAgoM kI bastiyoM ke samAna bastiyoM ke nAma rAjasthAna ke isa prAnta meM (aura anyatra) bhI milate haiM, jaise-bedalA, UThAlA, poTalA, rAyalA, gaTIlA, gudd'laa| ina nAmoM ke AdhAra para yahA~ ke logoM kI boliyoM meM prAcIna bhASA tattvoM ke avazeSa prApta ho sakate haiN| negriTo logoM ke pazcAt bhArata meM praveza karane vAlI jAti prAthamika dakSiNAkAra (Proto-Austroloid) mAnI jAtI hai| ye loga kAle aura madhyama kadavAle the| inakA lalATa UMcA aura muha tathA nAka 11. "So far as known the bulk of population of India has been stationery" -Dr. Hodden-Wonderings of the People-P.25. 12. "The earliest political event in India to which an approximately correct date can be assigned is the establishment of the Shaishunag dynasty of Magadh about 642 B.C." - V.A. Smith-Early History of India'. Introduction P. 2. 13. "We have thus the Primitive Negrito tribes, probably the most ancient people to mak India their homes; no proof has yet been found that a man of any type had evolved from some kind of anthropoid ape on the soil of India. -S.K. Chaterji-Indio Aryan and Hindi'.-P.2.

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udayasiha bhaTanAgara 146 caur3e the| mIloM ko bhI inhIM kA vaMzaja mAnA jAtA hai| mIla > milla jAti ko nRtatva vizeSajJoM ne rAjasthAna kI Adima jAti mAnA hai / 14 parantu DA0 cATurjyA ke mata ke anusAra ve bAhara se AyI huI isa prAthamika dakSiNAkAra jAti ke vaMzaja the aura ye bhArata meM prAyoM se pUrva hI A cuke the| mAryoM dvArA ye niSAda kahe jAte the - ' isa niSAda jAti ke logoM ne bhArata kI kRSi mUlaka sabhyatA kI nIMva DAlI thii| gaMgA kI upatyakA meM inakI bastI jyAdAtara huI thI, aura vahA~ ye loga dhIre-dhIre dravir3a tathA pArya logoM se mila gaye............inakI upajAtiyA~ thIM, jinameM do mukhya the 'bhilla' aura 'kolla' loga - jinake uttara puruSa ye hue rAjaputAne aura mAlave ke 'bhIla' loga aura madhya bhArata tathA pUrva bhArata ke koraku, santhAla, munhArI ho, navara, gadaba Adi kola jAti ke manuSya' 15 ye bhIla phola bAja bhI rAjasthAna aura mAlavA meM sarvani pahAr3oM kI upatyakA meM tathA dakSiNa meM isI se sambandhita pahAr3iyoM meM khAnadeza taka aura vindhyAcala ke pahAr3oM aura jaMgaloM meM base hue haiN| ina bhIloM kI yadyapi prAja apanI koI bhASA nahIM hai dhaura jo bhASA ye loga bolate haiM vaha rAjasthAnI - Arya bhASA hI hai jo thor3I bahuta sthAnIya vizeSatAoM ke sAtha pUre mIlI prAnta meM bolI jAtI hai / inakI isa bhASA kA prabhAva zrAsa-pAsa kI sthAnIya bhASAoM para bhI dekha par3atA hai 6 isameM kucha prAcIna tatva avazeSa ke rUpa meM vartamAna hai jo kisI svatantra prAryetara bolI ke avazeSa haiM / ye avazeSa do rUpoM meM pAye jAte haiN| 1. dhvani (uccAraNa) sambandhI, zrIra 2. rUpa ( zabda ) sambandhI yaha mIlI prabhAva rAjasthAna kI bhASA para bhI vyApaka rUpa meM dekha par3atA hai, jisake kucha mahatvapUrNa udAharaNa Upara diye jA cuke haiM aura Age bhI diye jaayeNge| ina bhIloM meM se kaI apane ko kSatriyoM ke vaMzaja (rAjapUta) batalAte haiN| isakA eka kAraNa to yaha haiM ki kisI samaya rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM 14. Taking them as we find them now, it may be safely said that their present geographical distribution, the marked uniformity of physical characters among the more primitive members of the group, their animistic religion, their distinctive languages, their stone monuments, and their retention of a primitive system of totemism justify us in regarding them as the earliest inhabitants of India of whom we have any knowledge." -H.H. Risly, 'Ethnology and Caste'-Imperial Gazetteer of India (i) 299. 15. 'rAjasthAnI ' pR0 37-38 / 16. mIla loga madhya bhArata tathA vindhyA aura satapur3A kI ghATiyoM se bar3hate hue dakSiNa meM khAna deza taka phaile hue haiM aura inakI uccAraNa pravRtti kA prabhAva marAThI aura gujarAtI para prabala hai / su.ku. cATurjyA

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rAjasthAna bhASA purAtatva 147 inake rAjya vartamAna the aura kucha to svAdhInatA ke pUrva taka vartamAna the| dUsarA kAraNa bhIloM aura rAjapUta jAtiyoM kA paraspara mizraNa hai,17 jisane vyApaka rUpa meM rAjasthAnI ke nirmANa kA kAma kiyaa| DA0 cATuA ke matAnumAra mIla aura kola ke Adi puruSa Agneya (Austric) jAti ke loga the / yaha jAti hinda-cIna kI ora se Ane vAlI prAthamika prAgneya' (Proto--Australoid) jAti se isa deza meM Adi kRSaka ke rUpa meM vikasita huii| Agneya logoM ke pazcAt dravir3a aura dravir3oM ke pazcAt Arya logoM ne bhArata meM praveza kiyaa| Arya sAhitya meM jisa niSAda jAti kA ullekha milatA hai vaha Agneya jAti hI thii| isI niSAda jAti ke vaMzaja ali kI parvata zreNiyoM aura mAlavA kI paThAra bhUmi meM base hue bhIla mAne jAte haiN18| madhya aura pUrva bhArata kI korakU, sanyAla, munDArI, ho, gadaba, zabara Adi jAtiyA~ kola jAti se vikasita mAnI jAtI haiN| kola bhI ina niSAdoM ke hI vaMzaja the| isa prakAra ina sabhI jAtiyoM meM eka vaMza-paramparA hai| isa kAraNa inakI bhASA-pravRtti meM kahIM kahIM sAmya-prabhAva lakSita hotA hai / DA. griyarsana ne apanI bhASA sarve meM bhArata kI kola aura muDA zreNI kI bhASAoM, asama aura monakhmera jAti kI 'khasI' bhASA bhArata-cIna tathA bhArata-cIna ke dakSiNa aura dakSiNa-pUrva ke dvIpa-samUhoM kI bhASAoM ko prAgneya (Austric) bhASA se vikasita mAnA hai| parantu mIlI kA ullekha unhoMne isake antargata nahIM kiyaa| 17. (ka) rAjasthAna ke bhIla apane ko kSatrIya-vazI mAnate haiM / mevAr3a ke momaTa prAnta meM pAna ravA kA bhIla rAja, jo rANA kI upAdhi se vibhUSita hai, vaha bhomiyA bhIla hai aura solaMkI kahalAtA hai| kyoMki usameM kSatriya kA mizraNa hai-Tod-"Annals", Vol. P185. (kha) vidhyapradeza ke milADa bhI isake udAharaNa haiM-Bhilads : Closely related to Bhils, Patlias and other tribes which inhabit the Vindhyas and Satpuldas. They claim bowe. ver Rajput descent and are considered to be of higher status than their neighbours. The Bhumias or allodial proprietors of this hilly tract are all Bhilads...According to traditions their ancestors lived at Delhi. They were Chauhans and members of the family of Prithviraj. When the Chauhans were finally driven out from Delhi by Mohammadons (by Muiz-ud-din 1192 A.D.) 200,000 migrated to Mewar and settled at Chittor. On the capture of Chittor by Allahuddin in 1303 A.D. a large number of them fied to Vindhya hills for refuge. Here they married Bhil girls and lost their caste." -L.J. Blunt, 'As short Bhili Grammar of Jhabua State and adjoining territories. 18. bhIla kI utpatti ke viSaya meM kaI kathAeM pracalita haiM, jinameM se tIna atyadhika prasiddha hai| inameM se eka unakA niSAda se sambandha sthApita karane vAlI bhI hai:1. pahalI kathA rAma aura dhobI kI hai / isameM ukta dhobI apanI bahana se vivAha kara letA hai / usake sAta lar3ake aura sAta lar3akiyA~ utpanna huii| rAma ne pahale lar3ake ko ghor3A diyA / vaha usako calAne meM asamartha rahA aura jaMgala meM lakar3iyA~ kATane calA gyaa| bhIla usI ke vaMzaja hai|

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148 udayasiMha bhaTanAgara sabhyatA aura saMskRti kI dRSTi se mArya jAti kA jaisA prabhAva isa deza para par3A vaisA bAhara se Ane vAlI kisI bhI jAti kA na par3A / pAryoM meM samanvaya kI jo mahAna zakti thI vaha pratyeka paristhiti meM prabala aura sakriya banI rhii| sambhavataH ukta bhIloM athavA unake prAdi puruSoM kI jo bhI bhASA rahI hogI usakA samanvaya dhIre dhIre Arya bhASA meM ho gyaa| isameM sandeha nahIM ki Arya jAti aura usakI saMskRti tathA bhASA meM eka aisI zakti rahI ki jina jina jAtiyoM ne isa deza meM praveza kiyA tathAyahA~ Akara jama gaI unakI saMskRti aura bhASA ko apanI saMskRti aura bhASA meM milA kara eka kara liyaa| bhASA isa samanvaya kA prathama aura pradhAna sAdhana rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhaugolika dRSTi se ekatA rakhane vAle isa deza kI anekatA meM bhI ekatA barAbara banI rahI hai| pAryoM kI bhAvanAtmaka aura vicArAtmaka stara ucca koTi kA hone ke kAraNa Arya sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA prabhAva yahA~ kI anya jAtiyoM para par3ane ke kAraNa isa ekAtmakatA kA vikAsa huaA aura usakI abhivyakti bhI umI ke anukUla bhASA meM huii| bhAratIya Arya sabhyatA aura saMskRti ke bhItara yahA~ ke Adi vAsiyoM athavA bAhara se Ane vAlI prAcInatama jAtiyoM ke vikasita yuga kI sabhyatA aura saMskRti ke avazeSa vartamAna haiM / inhIM ke sammizraNa se bhAratIya sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA nirmANa huaa| bhIla jAtiyoM meM jo dhArmika prathAe~ vartamAna haiM ve hindU saMskRti kI dyotaka hote hae bhI pAyoM kI vaidika rItiyoM ke anukUla nahIM hai| prAgneya jAti ke pazcAt jo jAtiyA~ bhArata meM AI ve eka dUsarI se adhika vikasita, sabhya aura sabala thI aura ye loga apane sAtha jo bhI bhASA lAye usakI abhivyakti kI pravRttiyA~, dhvani aura rUpa Adi kA mizraNa yahA~ kI bhASA ke sAtha humA / madhya aura pUrvI rAjasthAna para pahale bhIloM kA prabhAva thaa| pIche se Ane vAlI jAtiyoM ne inheM jaMgala kI ora khader3a diyA / jisase ye sikuDa kara ali aura anya parvata mAlAoM kI upatyakAmoM meM sImita ho gye| ye loga uttara prastara kAla (Neolithic slage) meM bhArata meM vikasita hue aura tA~be aura lohe kA prayoga prArambha kiyA khetI karane kA DhaMga inameM pAdima prakAra kA thaa| bhUmi khodane ke liye jaba ye loga lakar3I kA prayoga karate 2. sAta manuSya mahAdeva ke pAsa gaye / pArvatI ne mahAdeva se kahA ki ye mere bhAI haiN| merA Apake sAtha vivAha hone ke upalakSa meM ye Apase 'daheja-dApA' lene Aye haiN| mahAdeva ne unako bhojana karAyA aura apanA nAndI tathA kamaNDala de diyaa| jAte samaya unhoMne unake mArga meM kucha aura dene ke liye eka cA~dI pATa bhI bichA diyA, para usa para unakI dRSTi nahIM pdd'ii| pArvatI ne kahA ki tuma avasara cUka gaye, nahIM to tumhArA bhAgya khula jaataa| phira bhI nAndI kA dhyAna rakhanA / usakI kUbar3a meM dhana kA bhaNDAra hai| pArvatI kA saMketa nAndI se hala hA~ka kara pRthvI se dhana-dhAnya utpanna karane kI aora thA, para ve na samajha sake / unameM se eka ne nAndI ko mAra ddaalaa| pArvatI ne kruddha hokara zApa diyA, jisase ve bhIla hue / 3. tIsarI kathA paurANika hai| manu svayaMbhU vaMzaja aMga kA putra veNa niHsantAna thA / ataH RSiyoM ne usakI jA~gha ko ragar3a kara eka putra utpanna kiyA jo jale hue lakar3I ke DIMge ke samAna kAlA thaa| usakA kada baunA aura nAka capaTA thaa| usako baiThane ke liye 'niSAda' kahA gyaa| vaha baiTha gayA aura 'niSAda' khlaayaa| isI ke vaMzaja niSAda kahalAye jo vindhya parvata meM rahate haiN| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, harivaMzapurANa Adi meM bhI isI prakAra kI kathAe milatI haiM / -L. Jung Blunt: 'A short Bhili Grammar of Jhabua State and adjoining territories.'

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rAjasthAna bhASA purAtatva 146 the taba usake nAma kA prAdima *laka yA *leka (*lak *lek) thaa| isI se vikasita *laMga, *leMga, *liMga (*lang, *leng, *ling) rUpa hue| Age calakara yaha lak-liMga, laku-liMga, leka-liMga rUpoM meM vikasita hokara lakuTIza, lakulIza, ekaliMga Adi rUpoM meM mila kara devatA ke rUpa meM sthApita huA 16 / lakuTIza yA lakulIza ziva rUpa meM sthApita hayA aura mevAr3a ke rAjavaMza dvArA usakI pUjA hone lgii| yahI lakulIza nAma ekaliMga ke rUpa meM isI vaMza dvArA sthApita hokara kula devatA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huA / 20 ekaliMga kI yaha mUrti gobhilla (gau+bhilla) dvArA pAlita-poSita guhila-bappA (guhila / gohila / gohilla 8. gobhilla, Zgau+ bhilla) ke rAjya sthApita karane ke pUrva jahA~ sthita thI vahA~ pahale bhIloM kA hI rAjya thA aura upayukta hala ke rUpa meM prayukta Adima 'lega-liMga' se 'lakUTIza' kA sambandha thaa|21 rAjasthAna kI bhASA meM bhIlI tatva ke pazcAt dravir3a tatva milatA hai / dravir3oM kA bhUmadhya sAgara ke pUrvI prAntoM se Agamana huA / yaha dhAraNA aba atyadhika mAnya hai / balUcistAna kI pAhUI bhASA meM dravir3a vartamAna hai, jo kisI samaya unake vahA~ hone kA pramANa hai| dravir3a bhIloM ke pazcAt aura pAryoM ke pUrva bhArata meM Aye aura rAjasthAna tathA paMjAba meM phaile / isase rAjasthAna ke bhIla pahAr3oM meM dabate cale gaye / phira Arya prasAra ke kAraNa dravir3a bhI dakSiNa kI ora utara kara phaila gaye, jo aba tamila malayAlama, kannar3a, hager3a, kor3aga, tula , telugu, goMDa Adi dravir3a parivAra kI bhASAoM kA pradeza hai| . aba yaha mata sarvamAnya hai ki dravir3a bhI AryoM ke samAna bAhara se Akara yahA~ base / ye loga pAryoM se pahale hI pazcima se yahA~ pA cuke the| vIliyama Rka ne apane grantha 'kAsTs eNDa TrAibja meM isa dhAraNA kA prasAra kiyA ki dravir3a loga aphrikA mahAdvIpa se bhArata meM praaye| isa viSaya para tharsaTana ne 'kAsTasa eNDa TrAibja Apha sAutha inDiyA' meM tathA risale ne 'da pIpula Apha inDiyA' meM vistRta vyAkhyA karate hue dravir3a aura nigro-banTu parivAroM meM samAnatA sthApita kii| e0 eca0 kIne ne isa dhAraNA ko svIkAra kiyA / idhara TopInArDa ne dravir3oM kA sambandha jAToM se jor3ane kI dhAraNA prastuta kii| parantu vizapa kADavela (I. 1856) tathA pro0 TI0 pI0 zrInivAsa pAyaMgara kI zodhoM ne aura mohanajodar3o kI sabhyatA kI khoda-zodha ne dravir3a DAlA / isake anusAra dravir3oM kA mUla sthAna bhUmadhyasAgara kA pUrvI prAnta nizcita ho gayA 16-dekho-'lokavArtA', aprela 1946, varSa 2, aMka 2 pR0 86- 'kucha janapadIya zabdoM kI pahacAna' vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla / 20-vizeSa ke liye dekho-projhA kRta 'udayapura rAjya kA itihAsa', bhAga 1, pR0 33 aura 125 / 21-aise aura bhI aneka zabda haiM jo isa jAti se sambandha rakhate haiM aura jinakA prabhAva rAjasthAnI tathA anya bhASAmoM meM vartamAna hai; jaise-kucha zabda-nArikela (nArela), kadana, (kela). haridrA (halad), vAtigaNa (vAMgaNa), alAbu (kolo)-vizeSa ke liye dekho:(1) Pre-Aryan and Pre-Pravidian in India ( Translated from French Airtele of Sylarain Levi, Jean Przyluski and Jules Bloch) by Prabodh Chandra Bagchi. (2) ('The Study of New Indo- Aryan' Journal of the Department letters Calcutta University 1937 P. 20.)

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zrI udayasiMha bhaTanAgara aura dravir3oM kA sambandha mohanajodar3o kI sabhyatA se sthApita hone lgaa| bhASA ke AdhAra para isa sambandha kI puSTi kI jAne lagI aura naI zodhoM tathA naye vicAroM para yaha sthApita kiyA gayA ki dravir3a bhASAoM kI AkRti meM saMzleSI (Agglutina ting) pravRtti yUrAla-alTAika bhASAoM ke samAna hai| aba dravir3a-tamila zabdoM ke prAcIna rUpoM kI upakalpanA (hypothesis) aura vyutpatti kI vyAkhyA kI jAne lagI / dravir3a zabda ke prAcIna rUpa* dramija (*Dramiz) aura dramila (Dramila) kI upakalpanA kara yaha sthApita kiyA gayA ki dravir3a logoM kA prAcIna nAma* dramija yA* mila thaa| isI prakAra tamila kA prAcIna rUpa tamiz2a (tamiz) thaa| 22 eziyA mAinara ke lIsiyana logoM ne apane zilAlekhoM meM apane ko mmili (trmmli) kahA hai| lIsiyanoM ke pUrva puruSa prAga-helenika yuga ke kITana logoM ke viSaya meM heroDoTasa ne likhA hai ki ve krITa se lIsiyA meM apanA prAcIna nAma 'taramilaI' (Termilai) sAtha lekara Aye the (1,173) / kintu phAdara herAsa ne isa vRttAnta ke kevala 'trimmalai' zabda ko lekara unheM krITa kA nivAsI batAkara 'trimmaila' aura 'tamila' meM sambandha sthApanA kI kheMcatAna kI hai| DA0 sunIti kumAra cATuA ke matAnusAra eziyA mAinara ke ina prAcIna lIsiyanoM tathA prAga-helenika yuga ke krITanoM ke nAma se hI mila, dramir3a, dravir3a damila aura tamila (=tamiz2a) nAma bhArata meM Aye / 23 __ DA0 cATuA ke ukta mata ke AdhAra meM praveza kara hama use kucha vistArapUrvaka dekhanA cAheMge / keriyA (Carea) ke dakSiNa-pUrva meM pahAr3I prAnta lIsiyA ke logoM ko tramiliyana (Tramilians) kahate the| heroDoTasa ne unheM 'taramIliyana' (Termilians) likhA hai / isI prAnta ke uttara pUrva meM usa samaya eka Adima jAti (Tribe) vartamAna thI jo milayana (Milyan) kahalAtI thii| heroDoTasa ke anusAra ina milayanoM kA pUrva nAma solyamI (Solymi) thA aura ve vahA~ ke mUla nivAsI the| heroDoTasa ke vRttAnta ke anusAra 'taramIliyana' loga krITa (Crete) TApU se bhAga kara pAye the| sarapeDona (Serpadon) kA usake bhAI menosa (Menos) ke sAtha hone vAle saMgharSa meM sarapeDona ina logoM ke sAtha bhAgA aura losiyA meM Akara zaraNa lii| heroDoTasa ke anusAra lIsiyA nAma lAikasa (Lycus) se sambandhita hai| lAiksa eka yUnAnI dala kA netA thA jo yUnAna se nikAla diyA gayA thA aura sarapeDona ke sAtha sAtha usane bhI isI prAnta meM zaraNa lii24| lAikasa kA yUnAna ke sAtha sambandha hone ke kAraNa yUnAnI loga usa deza ko lIsiyA kahate the aura lAikasa ke sAthiyoM ko lIsiyana / taramIliyana zabda merI samajha meM kisI mizraNa kA dyotaka 22-ina nAmoM meM Ane vAlA antima 'la' kA uccAraNa vicAraNIya hai| 'la' eka dravya dhvani hai aura jihvAgra ke prayoga se aneka sthAnoM se isakA uccAraNa hotA hai| Aja tamila meM tIna prakAra la' kA uccAraNa hotA hai / eka sAmAnya vartya 'la' dUsarA mUrdhanya 'la' aura tIsarA zuddha dravya la jisake uccAraNa meM jiha vA kA atyanta sparza vartya se hotA hai aura vaha aMgrejI 2 (j ) jaisA sunAI detA hai| Upara jo 'j' likhA gayA hai vaha isI dhvani kA dyotaka hai / idhara la , la kA parivartana 'ra' aura 'Da' meM bhI hotA hai| 23-Indo-Aryan and Hindi -PP 39-40. (24) Historian's History of the World Vol. II P.418.

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rAjasthAna bhASA purAtatva 151 hai kyoMki yahA~ ke loga apane ko pramiliyana (Tramilian) yA taramIliyana kahate the spaSTa hai unameM tIna jAtiyoM kA samudAya ho athavA isa prAnta meM dhAne ke pazcAt lIsiyana, keTana aura yahA~ ke nivAsI milayana, ye tInoM milakara trimiliyana kahe jAne lage hoN| isI prakAra dramila kA sambandha kreTana aura milayana ke prathama mizraNa ke samaya huA hogA / aba hameM isa dRSTi se bhIla aura dravir3a sambandha para vicAra kara lenA cAhiye / bhIla loga saMbhavataH inhIM milayana logoM ke samudAya ke haiM jo kreTana ke mizraNa ke pUrva aura pazcAt bhI alaga-alaga juToM meM bhArata meM dhAte rahe aura samudra ke kinAre-kinAre hote hue malaya pradeza kI ora bar3ha gaye aura vahAM se pUrvI dvIpasamUhoM meM sAmodha (Samoa) dvIpa taka phaila gye| lIsiyA meM ye milayana loga sambhavataH kAkeziyA kI ora se Aye taba ve sodhyamI (Solymi) kahalAte the| bhArata meM ghAte samaya ye loga bAr3I, bIDa, magarA Adi zabda eziyA mAinara se lekara bhAve aura vahA~ ke rItirivAjoM ko bhI apane sAtha laaye| inake bAda meM Ane vAle mila-dramila (Tamil Damil) kA patha pradarzana inhoMne hI kiyA / ye loga saba eka sAtha na Akara kramaza: alaga-alaga Aye hoMge pahale mila, phira mila aura anta meM mila pahAr3a ke artha meM 'magarA' aura 'ghara' zabda inhIM se sambandhita hai aura utane hI prAcIna haiM, jitane the| inhIM meM se kaI dala pUrva meM aura jina maidAnoM meM base ve 'magahara', 'magadha' Adi nAmoM se prasiddha hue / Age calakara arakAna ke pahAr3I prAnta meM rahane vAlI 'maga' jAti inhIM se sambandha rakhatI hai / idhara mila ( milayana) jo arakAna se dakSiNa meM bar3he unake nAma se malayana, malaya Adi nAma par3e / usase Age pUrvI dezoM meM jo sabase pahalA dala pahuMcA vaha solyamI ( Solymi) nAma apane sAtha le gayA hogA; jo dhIre dhIre ina dvIpoM meM phaila gayA / inhIM 'mila' logoM kA eka dala mila-dramila ke Age-pIche bhArata ke dakSiNa meM pahuMcA, jo malaya pradeza kahA jAtA aura jinakI bhASA malayAlI hai| - aba isa dhAraNA ko bhI hama vistArapUrvaka dekha leN| bhIloM ko zrAgneyavaMzI mAnane meM sabase bar3I kaThinAI yaha hai ki prAgneya logoM meM pUjA aura prArAdhanA jaisI koI bhAvanA nahIM thI jabaki bhIloM meM Adi kAla se 'lakula' (leka-liMga) kI pUjA varttamAna thI, jisakA vikAsa dravir3a - mizraNa se zivaliMga pUjA ke rUpa meM huaa| zivazakti pUjA kI bhAvanA eziyA mAinara kI sabhyatA se samAnatA rakhatI hai jisakA prArambhika rUpa 'mila' (milayana) loga bhArata meM lekara Aye aura usakA parivartita rUpa kaI varSoM pIche dravir3a logoM ne lAkara diyaa| ziva ko pazupati aura zakti ko umA kahA gayA hai| eziyA mAinara ke devI-devatAoM ke nAmoM meM ina nAmoM se sAmya rakhane vAle nAma 'tesupa- hepita' (Tesup-Hepit = pazupati) aura 'mA prattis ' Ma--Attis=umA-zaktiH ) haiM / pazupati aura umA zakti kI kalpanA isI zrAdhAra sAmya para mAnI gaI hai 25 / RSabha tathA usI se vikasita nAma RSabhadeva bhI inhIM se sambandha rakhatA hai / usI prakAra pranata devatA kI pUjA se bhI inakA sambandha rahA hai| inakI rAjasthAna meM pUjA bhI hotI hai aura ina viSayoM kI (25) vizeSa ke liye dekho : "Protso-types of Shiva in Western Asia. "-by Dr. Hema Chandra Ray Choudhuri-in the D.R. Bhandarkar volume pp, 301-304 1940 of the Indian Research Institute, Calcutta.

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zrI udayasiMha bhaTanAgara kathA-kahAniyoM meM bhIloM kA barAbara ullekha AtA hai / RSabha aura anaMta ijipTophiniziyana devatA Rechuf aura Anat se sAmya rakhate haiM, jo bhIloM ke sAtha hI prAye / zrannadevatA dagonU ( Dagon ) < dagana (dagan) inhIM kI bhASA kA zabda thA jo dagonU, > godana gojana, gojU, godhUm tathA dagan, dUhana, dhAna Adi rUpoM meM vikasita huaa| bastiyoM ke dyotaka zabda vIr3a, vAr3a Adi samAja aura zAsana vyavasthA saMbaMdhI zabda pAla, palla, pallavI 26 bila dhanuSa bela (8 be- elva = bhAlA), bAla ( 2 bAlva = talavAra ) prAdi zabda bhIloM kI prAcIna sabhyatA ke dyotaka haiM aura dravir3a bhIla mizraNa kI ora saMketa karate haiN| 'milayana' aura 'malayAlam' meM jo sAmya hai vaha usa ora inhIM kI zAkhA ke jAne kA saMketa hai / 152 'mila' aura 'mila' ke bhArata meM zrAne para unakA isa 'mila' ( milayana) jAti ke sAtha samparka aura mizraNa huA / mizraNa kA yaha samaya dhAtu yuga thA, jaba 'mila' loga 'lakula' kI devatA ke rUpa meM pUrNa pratiSThA kara usakI pASANa mUrti sthApita kara cuke the aura dhanuSabAraNa tathA bhAle aura kRpANa kA prayoga karane lage the / inake samparka aura mizraNa ke bAda 'mila' zabda kA rUpAntara 'bila' ho gayA jisakA prayoga dramila mila > dravir3a - tamiz2a ina dhanurdhAriyoM ke liye karate the / dakSiNa meM jama jAne ke bAda tamila bhASA meM isa 'bila' zabda kA prayoga 'dhanuSa' ke artha meM rUDha ho gayA 27 / 'bila' kI bhA~ti hI ye loga 'pallI', 'vIDu' prAdi aneka bhIlI zabda apane Apa le gaye, jinakA prayoga Aja taka sabhI dravir3a bhASAoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM hotA hai, aura jo isa samparka aura sambandha ke dyotaka haiM / 'bila' zabda kI 'b' dhvani meM mahAprANatva hokara 'm' honA Arya bhASA samparka kA pariNAma hai / isI prakAra 'la' meM dvitva hokara 'llU' honA prAkRta kAla meM dravir3a - uccAraNa ke prabhAva kA pariNAma hai / isa prakAra 'mila' se ' bila' aura phira 'bhilla' aura grAdhunika 'bhIla' huA / dravir3a aura prArya dhvani-saMhati meM eka antara yaha hai ki Arya bhASAoM meM jahAM mahAprANa dhvaniyAM hotI haiM vahAM tamila meM alpaprANa kA hI prayoga hotA hai, kyoMki usameM mahAprANa dhvaniyoM kA sarvathA prabhAva hai / prArambhika samparka meM 'ba' kA Arya 'bha' hone kA yahI kAraNa thA / dravir3a-bhIla samparka aura mizraNa kI ora saMketa karane vAlI anya pravRttiyoM meM mUrddhanya dhvaniyAM T Th D (Da), Dh (r3ha), e aura l haiM jo donoM meM samAna rUpa se aura aneka zabdoM meM thor3e se dhvani parivartana se zabda kA mUla yA samAna artha nikala prAtA hai / Aja bhI donoM bhASAtroM meM aise udAharaNa mileMge / 'lU' aura mUrddhanya 'la', 'D' aura 'r3a dhvaniyAM donoM meM hI samAna rUpa se milatI haiM / kahIM kahIM mUrddhanya 'lU' kA uccAraNa 'Da' ke samAna hotA huA 'ra' meM parivartita ho jAtA hai / prAcIna tamila 'bhU' kA uccAraNa 'Zh' jaisA hotA thaa| bholI tathA usase prabhAvita yukta rAjasthAna, gujarAta aura mahArASTra pradezoM meM Aja bhI yaha uccAraNa vartamAna hai / bhIlI aura tamila ca vargIya dhvaniyAM bhI isa samparka aura mizraNa ke udAharaNa haiM / uccAraNa sambandhI eka pramukha pravRtti zabda ko ukA 26--tolemI (Ptalemy vii, 1, 66 ) ne pallavI ko phullitai ( quvvstas) likhA hai, jisase kucha vidvAnoM isakA artha 'patte pahanane vAle ( leafwearer, saM0 pallava pattA ) artha kiyA hai, jo zrazuddha / yaha zabda palliva 8 pallipati se sambandha rakhatA hai / 27) "Bhils--'Bowmeu' from Dravidian bil, a bow." Encyclopaedia Brittanica Vol II

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rAjasthAna bhASA purAtatva 153 rAnta karane kI hai, jo apabhraMza kI eka pramukha pravRtti thii| telugu meM to yaha pravRtti eka pradhAna pravRtti hai: prAcIna tamila - avan (vaha) kannar3a - avaraNu = bhIlI - vagu (varaNa usa) ___,, - gurrama telugu - gurumu = bhIlI - ghoDu (= ghoDo) bhIlI meM yaha ukArAnta pravRtti vartamAna hai| rAjasthAnI sarvanAma 'maNI',(= isane) 'vaNI' (uNI= usane) ke mala 'aNa', 'varaNa', (uraNa), aura tamila 'avan' (tathA pravala - yaha) tathA usase vikasita kannar3a 'avaNu' meM maulika samAnatA lagatI hai| 'aNa' kA mAravAr3I rUpa 'iNa' hai, jisase hindI 'ina' kA vikAsa huaa| isI prakAra 'uraNa' se hindI 'una' kA vikAsa huprA / 28 AryoM ke Agamana ke samaya uttara bhArata meM dravir3a prabhutva kAphI phailA huA thaa| paMjAba aura rAjasthAna meM inake aneka rAjya the| Arya prasAra se dhIre dhIre inakA dhvaMsa hyaa| isase pUrva dravir3oM ne bhIloM ke rAjyoM kA dhvaMsa kiyA / dravir3a tathA bhIlI meM kucha sambandha avazya rahA hai| vizapa kADavela ne tamila ke jina prAcIna rUpoM kI jo khoja kI thI unase kucha isa prakAra ke udAharaNa yahAM diye jAte haiM aura unake samakakSa una bhIlI rAjasthAnI rUpoM ko bhI prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, jo isa tathya ko aura bhI spaSTa kara deMge:prAcIna dravir3a ko - pro = rAjA ko-pro-vila = rAjA kA ghara vila, vala = ghara, jaise devala devagRha, dekho-vIDu, vIr3o Adi koTTai = rAjA kA surakSita ghara koTTa, koTa = gar3ha, durga, arna == rAjA kA sthAna raNa, ruNa, rANA, (raNabhUmi, raNavAsa,) nATu, nADu = pradeza vADu, vAr3o, vADa, vAr3I sthAna, sImA, pradeza pulavana = rAjA kA virud gAyaka / par3aho par3avo, bar3avo=cAraNa, yA rAjakavi bhATa, viruda gAyaka, rAja ghoSaNA karane vaalaa| kaTTalai - pajhakkama == rAjya sambandhI, loka jhaTTaka-paTTaka tAjIma mevAr3a ke vyavahAra, kAnUna kAyade rAjavaMza meM vaha sarvocca rAjakIya sammAna jo kisI mahatvapUrNa sAmanta ko vizeSa sammAna meM pradAna kiyA jAtA thA / 28-hindI meM 'ina' tathA 'una' sarvanAmoM kI vyutpatti ke sambandha meM aneka anumAna kiye gaye para koI anumAna ThIka nahIM hai / dekho-dhIrendra varmA kRta hindI bhASA kA itihAsa pRSTha 262-264 // dekho 'lokavArtA' disambara 1944 meM pRSTha 44 para sunItikumAra cATuA kA lekha 'dravir3a'

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154 zrI udayasiMha bhaTanAgara = nagara Ura=nagara; jaise nAga+Ura= nAgaura, bAga+Ura=bAgaura, khamaNa+Ura-khamaNaura, jAla+ Ura=jAlora bila = dhanuSa vila, bila, bhila,milla (=bhIla) bela (dekho-aAdhu0 beladAra=bhIla = hala ve-era (veravo, verano)=cIranA ve-u-lva = barkhA bhAlA vallava, vallama, ballama, bhallama bhAlA kucha anya dravir3a-bhIlI zabda:tamila - kudirai bhIlI-kUtarI-bhairava kA ghor3A -vAhana (ghor3A) kannar3a - kudure kuttA kUtara, kuttula, tutula (bolI meM tU-tU),=dekho prAkRta kukkura, kuttura, Adhu0 kuttA / tamila - gurrama 1-vAhana (ghor3A) bhIlI-TeghaDu-bhairava kA ghor3A telugu guru mu, gurara / (kuttA) milAmo-rAja0 ghoTaDo (Teghar3a-ghoTar3a) aura saM0 ghoTakaH aura milAyo - rAja0 - ghoTar3a >ghotra, ghutra; bhIlI - kutru, kUtara, tamila - kutire, kannar3a - kudure = prAcIna mizrI - haj (htr) / isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki bhIlI-dravir3a bhASA tatvoM ke gahana adhyayana se inakI prAcIna bhASA aura saMskRta sambandhI aneka rahasyoM kA udghATana sambhava hai| rAjasthAna meM dravir3a prabhAva kA kucha prAbhAsa upayukta udAharaNoM se mila jAtA hai| rAjasthAna kI rAjakIya saMskRti spaSTata: bhIlI-dravir3a tatvoM se sambandhita hai aura rAjasthAnI bhASA ke aAdhAra meM bhI ve tatva vartamAna haiM jo isa tathya kI puSTi karate haiM / Upara diye gaye udAharaNoM se isakA thor3A sA spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka hai : prAcIna dravir3a zabdoM 'koTTa' aura 'aran' ko lIjiye / inake bhItara jo artha hai usakA tAtparya kisI durga aura raNabhUmi se hai| donoM kA prayoga rAjasthAna meM usI artha meM hotA AyA hai / dUsarA zabda 'pulvana' hai, jisakA sambandha 'pallavI' (adhipati yA rAjA) ke sAtha jur3A huA hai / tamila meM isa zabda kA artha 'rAja kavi' hotA hai / isakA rAjasthAnI rUpa par3aho>par3avo barAbara prayukta hotA AyA hai 26 / isakA Adhunika rAjasthAnI rUpa 'bar3avo' jo isI jAti ke parivAra vizeSa ke liye Aja bhI barAbara prayukta hotA hai| isa zabda ke ina rUpoM ko milAne se yaha sambandha spaSTa ho jaaygaa| 26-dekho hemaratana kRta padamaNi caupaI (vi0 saM0 1645), Agali par3aha phiratauM dITha (66) / pUchala lAgA pahaDa vicAra (70) /

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rAjasthAna bhASA purAtatva 155 pulvana, pallavaNa, palDavaNa, par3avaNa, par3avA, par3avaha, par3avo, par3aho, bar3avaha, bar3avo, bhar3avaha, bhar3avo; bar3a, bhar3a, bhaTa, prAkRta- bhaTTa >Adhu0 bhATa / ye saba cAraNa-bhAToM kI rAjakIya paramparA ke udghATaka zabda haiN| tamila-'kaTTalai- pajhakkama' mevAr3a meM pracalita 'jhaTTaka - paTTaka' tAjIma se sambandhita hai / ina zabdoM se sArI rAjakIya saMskRti ke mUla AdhAra kA citra prastuta ho jAtA hai| aba hameM kola Adi jAtiyoM aura bhIloM ke sambandha para bhI prakAza DAlanA hai| bhIla-koloM ko niSAda vaMzI kahakara donoM meM paitRka sambandha sthApita kara diyA gayA hai / bhIloM ke pazcima se Ane kI dhAraNA pramANita ho jAne ke pazcAt isa sambandha para bhI vicAra kara lenA Avazyaka hai / niSAda ko Agneya (Austric) mAnakara usakA mUla sthAna hinda-cIna meM mAnA jAtA hai / DA0 griyarsana ne kaula-munDA bhASAoM ko AsAma kI mona-khmera jAti kI khasI bhASA, bhArata-cIna ke dakSiNa aura dakSiNa-pUrva ke dvIpa samUhoM kI bhASAoM ke sAtha prAgneya samUha (Austric group) meM liyA hai| isa ha meM bhIlI ko sammilita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| hama Upara batalA cuke haiM ki bhIloM kI yadyapi apanI koI mUla bhASA nahIM rahI aura Aja ye Arya bhASA-rAjasthAnI hI bolate haiM, para inakI isa bhASA meM bhI inakI apanI bhASA kI kucha mUla pravRttiyA~ aura tatva varttamAna haiM, jinakA prabhAva rAjasthAnI kI AdhAra-racanA meM dIkha par3ate haiM / ye pravRttiyAM aura bhASA tatva Agneya se sarvathA bhinna haiN| ata: bhIla ko Agneya meM sammilita karanA ucita nahIM hai| Da [0 sunIti kumAra cATA ne bhIloM kA jo Agneya kaula ke sAtha sambandha sthApita kiyA hai vaha bhI pramANabhUta nahIM hai| Agneya cAhe dakSiNa cIna se pAyA yA uttarI hinda-cIna se athavA bhUmadhya sAgara se, 30 bhIla usa samUha ke bhItara nahIM rakhA jA sakatA / yaha bAta ThIka hai ki kisI samaya sAre uttarI bhArata-paMjAba, rAjasthAna tathA madhyabhArata aura yahAM taka ki dakSiNa meM bhI Agneya logoM ne apane ghara basAye aura rAjya sthApita kiye aura apanI saMskRti, sabhyatA, jJAna aura kalA se isa deza ko prabhAvita kiyA / candrakalAoM para AdhArita tithiyoM ke anusAra divasa-gaNanA inhIM kI dena mAnI jAtI hai| isI prakAra bIsa taka kI saMkhyA ko 'kaur3I' meM ginanA inakI vizeSatA kA eka pramukha avazeSa hai| inakI bhASA ke avazeSa Aja bhI khasa, kola, muDA, saMthAla, ho, bhUmija, kUkU, sabara, gadaba Adi kI boliyoM meM milate haiN| vizapa kADavela ne apane dravir3a bhASAoM ke tulanAtmaka vyAkaraNa meM prAdi dravir3oM ke sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika vikAsa kI ora saMketa karate hue dravir3a bhASAoM ke do varga kara diye haiM-eka aparimArjita (Uncultivated) aura dasarA parimAjita (Cultivated) | inake AdhAra para dravir3a bhASAnoM ko isa prakAra bAMTa diyA gayA hai| aparimAjita 1. ToDA (Toda) 2. koTA (Kota) parimAjita 1. tamila (Tamil) 2. malayAlama (Malyalam) 30-Jean Przylusky tathA anya vidvAnoM ke mata, dekho su0 ku. cA0 kRta 'bhArata meM Arya aura anArya' pR.6

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zrI udayasiMha bhaTanAgara 3. goMDa (Gond) 3. telugu (Telugu) 4. khoMda yA kU (Khond or Ku) . 4. kannar3a (Kannad) 5. porA~va (Oraon) 5. tula, (Tulu) 6. rAjamahala (Rajmahal) 6. kur3agU-kUrga (Kudgu-Koorg) kADavela ne isa sambandha meM apanA mata prakaTa karate hue yaha saMketa kiyA hai ki dravir3a aura kola eka hI jAti kI bhASAe haiN| orA~va bhASA ko hoDasana (Hodgson) ne dravir3a aura kola ke bIca kI kar3I mAnA / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki dravir3a aura kolAriyana paraspara sambandhita hai / kADavela ne jArja kempabela dvArA kolAriyana samudAya meM sammilita bhASAoM tathA hoDasana dvArA tamila meM sammilita ho, muDA, kaula, zabara Adi bhASAoM ko dravir3a bhASAoM kI sUcI meM nahIM liyA1 / DA0 cATrA kola Adi ko prAgneya parivAra meM sammilita karate hae unake sAtha dravir3a Adi jAtiyoM ke sambandha ko svIkAra karate haiN| nRtatva (Anthropological) AdhAroM ke anusAra bhArata ke bAhara se Ane vAlI sAta pramukha jAtiyoM meM se pUrva meM hinda-cIna-asama ke mArga dvArA pAne vAlI Agneya (Austric) jAti hai, jo AryoM dvArA niSAda kahI gaI hai| saMskRta sAhitya meM bhIla kA utanA prAcIna ullekha nahIM milatA jitanA niSAda aura kola kA milatA hai| isase yaha spaSTa siddha hotA hai ki bhIla Arya samparka meM bahuta pIche aura usa samaya Aye jaba ye Agneya dravir3a Adi se jaMgaloM meM dhakela diye gaye the| AryabhASA saMskRta kA sIdhA prabhAva to rAjasthAna para kabhI par3A hI nhiiN| prAkRta prabhAva bhI bahuta dera se AyA / zabara aura bhIla nAma lagabhaga sAtha sAtha pAte haiM / donoM ziva ke upAsaka the parantu zabara kA prayoga bhIla ke lie nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki donoM nAma alaga alaga surakSita haiM / yaha sambhava hai ki zabara kA sambandha kirAta se rahA ho / bhIla sambandhI Upara dI gaI kathAoM meM se eka kathA meM inakA rAma ke sAtha samparka hone ke sambandha meM hai| sambhavata: isakA prAdhAra AryoM ke sAtha prathama samparka rahA ho| usa samaya niSAda aura kola32bhI vartamAna (31) "Tuda Kota, Gond and ku, though rude and uncultivated, are undoubtedly to be regarded as essentially Dravidian dialects equally with the Tamil, Canarese and Telugu. I feel some hesitation in placing in the same category the Rajmahal and Oraon, seeing that they appear to contain so large an admixture of roots and tongues, probably the Kolarian. I venture, however, to classify them as in the main Dravidian......The Oraon was considered by Mr. Hodgson as a connecting link between Kol dialects and the distinctively Tamilian family." __ -Caldwell : A Comparative Grammar of Dravidian Language-P.49. 32-kola aura niSAdoM kA jaba alaga alaga ullekha milatA hai to kola ko niSAdoM kA vaMzaja mAnanA bhI yukti saMgata nahIM jAna pdd'taa| kola-munDA parivAra ko Agneya meM sammilita karane ke sambandha meM bhI abhI abhI Apatti uThAI gaI hai| vizapa kADavela ne to inheM dravir3a parivAra meM liyA hai| haMgarI ke eka vidvAna vilamosa hevejI (Vilmos Hevesy) ne inheM kisI anya parivAra kI hone kI ora saMketa kiyA hai / isake yUrAla-altAI (Ural-Altai) zreNI kI eka bhASA bhArata meM prAI hai jisakA sambandha kola-munDA se hai, prAgneya samuha kI bhASAoM se usakA koI sambandha nhiiN| isakA prayojana usa prAnta ko kisI jAti ke bhArata meM Ane kA hai, jisake vaMzaja kola-munDA haiN| yadi yaha pramANita ho jAtA hai aura bhIla tathA kolamunDA meM kisI sambandha kA pramANa mila jAtA hai to sAmogra (Samoa) dvIpa samUha kI kAkeziyasa jAti taka yaha sambandha rekhA spaSTa ho jAyagI aura bhIla kI prAcInatA sthApita ho jaaygii|

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rAjasthAna bhASA purAtatva 157 the| ataH niSAda ko bhIloM kA Adi puruSa mAnanA yukti saMgata nahIM pratIta hotaa| kola bhASA ke kucha zabda vedoM kI bhASA meM bhI milate haiM jisase niSAdoM se pUrva unakA vartamAna honA pAyA jAtA hai 33 / isa AdhAra se bhI siddha hai ki bhIla ina donoM ( niSAda--kola ) se sarvathA bhinna aura svatantra jAti thI aura kola-muDA parivAra se alaga thii| bhIlI kI prApta mUla pravRttiyAM aura mala tatvoM ke AdhAra para koraku, saMthAlI, muDArI Adi jIvita bhASAoM ke sambandha kI khoja apekSita hai| rAjasthAna meM kola-muDA ke kucha avazeSa avazya milate haiM, jisase yaha to mAnanA hI par3egA ki ye loga rAjasthAna meM Aye avazya aura kahIM kahIM apane avazeSa bhI chodd'e| para inakA prabhAva bhIloM para kitanA par3A yaha vicAraNIya hai| kahIM kahIM inake avazeSa 'kolI' aura 'proDa' jAti ke rUpa meM milate haiN| kolI bAMsa kA kAma karate haiM aura bIsa bA~sA ke gaThTha ke liye muMDA zabda 'kaur3I' kA prayoga karate haiM / isI prakAra kI pravRtti 'proDa' meM bhI hai, jo miTTI khodane kA kAma karate haiN| yaha kahane ke liye hamAre pAsa koI pramANa nahIM hai ki rAjasthAna kI mudaDA (LmuDArI) jAti kitanI prAcIna hai aura usakI munDA ke sAtha koI paramparA kA sambandha hai| ina logoM ke prabhAva aura prasAra kSetra gaMgAtaTa, baMgAla tathA uDIsA taka hI vizeSa rUpa meM rahe / dravir3oM kA prabhAva uttara-pazcima bhArata tathA pazcima aura dakSiNa meM adhika rahA / isa prabhAva ke do pariNAma hue| eka to pUrva se kola munDA tathA niSAdoM kA rAjasthAna para adhika prabhAva nahIM phaila skaa| dUsarA dravir3a ne bhIla para apanA prabhutva sthApita kiyaa| inameM pUjA kI bhAvanA eka samAna thI hI; isa kAraNa isa mizraNa se mIla ke 'lakulIza' kA rUpa lakuTIza' ho gayA aura lakuTIza tathA lakulIza eka hI devatA ke do nAma hue / dravir3oM kI zivaliMga pUjA kA bhI prabhAva phailaa| 2. Arya-saMparka aura bhASA pravRttiyAM ____ pAryoM ke Agamana aura samparka ke samaya dravir3a-prabhutva kAphI prabala aura vistRta thA, jo mohaMjodar3o 1 ke udghATana se jJAta hotA hai| usa samaya paMjAba, rAjasthAna, pazcima aura uttara pazcima bhArata, madhya bhArata aura dakSiNa para dravir3oM kA prabhAva thaa| bhaloM kI bhASA aba taka sImita hokara daba cukI thI athavA dravir3a meM mila cukI thii| jo bhI ho, bhIloM kI svatantra bhASA, unake vikAsa, rAjya aura prabhutva ke anya aneka avazeSoM ke sAtha dravir3a bhASA meM avazeSa vartamAna haiN| dravir3a Arya samparka ke kAraNa jisa bhASA kA vikAsa hA usameM antima dhvani para bala dene ke kAraNa zabdoM meM vyaJjana dvitva kI pravRtti kA vikAsa huA jo Age calakara prAkRta kI pradhAna pravRtti huI aura apabhraMza ke anta taka aura phira DiMgala meM bhI banI rhii| draviDa bhASA-bhASI aura rAjasthAna kI bhIlI tathA bhIlI prabhAvita kSetroM meM yaha bala kI pravRtti Aja bhI uccAraNa meM suna par3atI hai| saMskRta ke aneka zabda isI pravRtti se prAkRta meM parivartita hae / Arya-draviDa samparka se aneka zabda eka-dUsare kI bhASAoM meM mile / jo bhIlI dravir3a zabda saMskRta meM gaye unameM se kucha nIce diye jAte haiM, ye veda kI bhASA meM bhI milate haiN| aragu, araNi (sUrya, agni, cakamaka kA patthara-dekho rAja0 araNyA patthara athavA prAraNI gAMva aura vahAM milane vAle isa patthara ke AdhAra para yaha nAma), kapi, kAra (lahAra), kalA, kAla. kita 33-dekho-'lokavArtA' disambara 1944 pR0 146 su0 ku0 cA 'dravir3a' /

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zrI udayasiMha bhaTanAgara 34 kUTa rAja0 kUr3a chala ), kuraNAra, gaNa, nAnA, puSpa, puSkara, pUjana, phala, bila ( cheda, chedanA, do Tukar3e karanA, dekho - Upara rAja0 veraNo, ( - vo) = cIranA), bIja, rAtri, sAyam, zraTavI, ADambara, khaDga, tanDula ( rAja0 tA~darayA), maTacI (prolA), valakSa ( candramA), vallI ( sAla kA per3a dekho - rAja0 vallI, valeMDI) 35 / 158 kucha avazeSoM se jJAta hotA hai ki rAjasthAna para bhI Agneya (Austric) kola - munDA jAtiyoM kA prabhAva rahA hai / rAjasthAna ke madhya meM bhIlavAr3A bhIloM kI uttara pUrvI sImA kA dyotaka hai / isI ke Asa pAsa aneka lA anta vAle nAmoM kI grAmINa bastiyA~ haiM / yahIM se kherAr3a kSetra kI sImA lagatI hai jahA~ ko eka prAcIna mINA jAti bahuta prasiddha hai / isI prakAra dakSiNa bhIlI pradeza meM khairavAr3A grAma inako dakSiNI sImA rahI hogI / isase jJAta hotA hai ki kisI samaya bhIloM aura munDoM kI alaga alaga sImAeM sthApita ho gaI hogii| khairAr3I bolI kI bhI apanI alaga vizeSatAeM haiM / 36 rAjasthAnI kI aneka pichar3I jAtiyoM meM bhIla bhomiyA, kolI, pror3a Adi jAtiyA~ haiM jo sambhavataH Agneya parivAra kI haiM / inameM Aja bhI bIsa taka ginane kI prathA hai aura bIsa kI saMkhyA ke liye 'kaur3I' zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / bhIloM dvArA vRkSoM meM pretAtmA kA zrAropa aura usakI pUjA sambhavataH Agneya mIla mizraNa kA saMketa hai 1 khairAr3a kI mINA jAti kA sambandha bhI sambhavataH zrAgneya se hogA / bhIloM ko grAgneya parivAra se vikasita mAnane meM sabase bar3I bhASA sambandhI kaThinAI yaha hai ki zrAgneya parivAra kI bhASAeM sarva-pratyaya- pradhAna haiM, arthAt unameM pura- pratyaya, para-pratyaya aura antara pratyaya ke dvArA pradhAna rUpa se vAkya racanA hotI hai aura unake saMyoga se vyAkaraNika sambandha sUcita kiyA jAtA hai / 34 - (1) kapaTa vAta kUDI kelavI (65) kI kUDa bAdalla (561 ) padamariNa upaI (1645) ( 2 ) rAjasthAna se jo baMjAre madhya yuga meM vyApAra lekara yorapa gaye ve jipsI kahalAye / unakI bhASA meM aba bhI rAjasthAnI tatva varttamAna hai / iMgalaiMDa ke jipsiyoM kI bhASA meM isa 'kUDa' zabda kA prayoga dekhiye : Dui Romani chals Were bitcheni Pawdle the bori pani Plato for Koring Lacho for choring The purse of a great lady 35- 'lokavArtA' - disambara 1944 pR0 147 - 146 - su0 ku0 cA0 'dravir3a' | 36 - kharAr3I kI vizeSatA aura usake vyAkaraNa ke liye dekho - mekelisTara kRta 'jayapurI DAyalekTas pR0 52 tathA 126 / == dui romanI chailA the bhejAne (= bheje gaye the ) palle bar3e pAnI (= pable pAra nadI ke ) plATo kUr3ane ko ( Koring=kUDanA laccho corane ko kisI bar3I strI kA parsa /

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rAjasthAna bhASA purAtatva 156 niSAdoM ke pazcAt maMgola yA kirAta jAti ne brahmaputra nadI kI ghATI kI ora se bhArata meM praveza kiyA / ye loga pahale uttara aura pUrva meM bhArata kI parvatamAlAoM meM phaile aura dhIre dhIre pUre uttara bhAratamadhyapradeza (gaMgA kI upatyakA) madhya bhArata, rAjasthAna aura sindha meM jA base / Aja ye loga aura inakI bhASA kevala asama aura himAlaya prAnta meM hI sImita raha gaI hai| rAjasthAna ke kirADU (kirAta kUpa), lohArU (-4) prAdi inakI prAcIna bastiyoM ke dyotaka haiN| kirAta loga yahA~ Akara anya jAtiyoM meM mila gaye aura unakI bhASA bhI lupta ho gii| parantu rAjasthAnI dhvani-saMhati meM kirAta uccAraNa kA prabhAva aba bhI kahIM kahIM dIkha par3atA hai| kirAta pravRtti nimnalikhita sthitiyoM meM dekhI jAtI hai: (1) samasta rAjasthAna Ta-vargIya dhvaniyoM kA uccAraNa sthAna saMskRta Ta-vargIya dhvaniyoM ke samAna mUrdhanya na hokara vartya hai| (2) ca-vargIya sparza-saMgharSoM dhvaniyoM kA sthAna tAlavya na hokara dantamUlIya hai, jo bhIlI se sarvathA bhinna hai| (3) sakAra ke sthAna para jahA~ hakAra hotA hai, vahA~ hakAra ke sthAna para alpa prakAra, kahIM lopa aura kahIM anusvAra kA pAgama dekhA jAtA hai; jaise-- (ka) 'sa' ke sthAna para 'ha' kA lopa; rAmasIMga>rAmIMga (kha) 'sa' ke sthAna alpa prakAra sAMsa>hA 5, disa>di 5, vIsa>vIs%3B bhaisa>bhai (ga) 'sa' ke sthAna para anusvAra, pAsa>pA~ 2. prArya prabhAva : rAjasthAna para Arya bhASA kA prabhAva pAryoM ke Ane ke bahuta samaya pazcAt prAkRta kAla meM prArambha huprA / ataH rAjasthAnI para saMskRta (vaidika) kA sIdhA prabhAva nahIM aayaa| aisA lagatA hai ki vedoM aura brAhmaNa granthoM ke nirmANa taka Arya loga rAjasthAna kI khoja nahIM kara pAye the| ve isake pazcima, uttara aura pUrva sImAoM para hI prasAra kara rahe the| Rgveda kI racanA ke samaya to rAjasthAna kA adhikatara bhAga samudra meM thaa| sarvaprathama Arya prabhAva uttara-pUrvI rAjasthAna meM matsya pradeza (prAdhunika jayapura kA eka bhAga) meM madhya pradeza ke sUrasena pradeza se samparka sthApita hone para vahA~ kI bolI kA par3A / yaha usa samaya kI prAkRta (zaurasenI) thii| AryoM kA mukhya prasAra Aryavarta (gandhAra se lekara videha taka) meM huA, jisameM brAhmaNa granthoM ke anusAra Arya bhASA ke tIna moTe rUpa the-(1) udIcya (2) madhya aura (3) prAcya / inake bhItara rAjasthAna kI koI sthiti nahIM hai / isa vaidika saMskRta ke Age cala kara tIna prAkRta rUpa hue-(1) udIcya

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160 zrI udayasiMha bhaTanAgara prAkRta, (2) madhya dezI prAkRta aura (3) prAcya prAkRta / udIcya prAkRta kA prAcInatama likhita rUpa gAndhAra prAnta ke zAhabAja gar3hI aura mAnaserA ke zilAlekhoM meM milatA hai| (2) prAcya prAkRta mAgadhI kA eka rUpa thaa| rAjasthAna ke uttara pUrva se uttara pazcima sImAoM taka jo Arya prabhAva phaila rahA thA usameM prApta zilAlekhoM meM vairaTha aura sauraTha ke zilAlekha bhI haiN| inameM vairaDa ke zilAlekha kI bhASA zuddha prAkRta mAnI gaI hai / parantu sauraTha ke giranAra vAle zilAlekha kI bhASA vahA~ kI bolI haiM / jisameM kahIM kahIM prAcya prAkRta ke rUpa mA gaye haiN| isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jahA~ jahA~ prAkRta prabhAva phailA thA vahA~ azoka ke ye zilAlekha prAcya prAkRta meM khudavAye the, aura jahA~ prAkRta kA prabhAva nahIM thA, vahA~ sthAnIya bolI meM / isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki saurASTra kA samparka usa samaya taka pUrva se ho cukA thaa| parantu bhASA (prAcya) kA utanA prabhAva nahIM par3A thaa| isI kAraNa vahAM kI bolI aura nikaTatama prAkRta kA prayoga isa lekha meM kiyA gyaa| sauraTha kI isa prAkRta aura madhya deza kI prAkRta meM maulika bheda thaa| mAravAr3a aura sauraTha-jo vividha jAtiyoM ke prasAra aura samparka ke kAraNa nikaTa A cuke the--kI boliyoM para jisa prAkRta kA prabhAva par3A vaha na to madhya dezI prAkRta thI aura na prAcya prAkRta hI / ina para udIcya prAkRta kA prabhAva thA, jo uttarapazcimI pradeza tathA paMjAba se AyA thaa| isakA kAraNa yaha lagatA hai ki pazcima paMjAba, sindhu, sauraTha aura mAravAr3a kI adhikatara jAtiyAM usa samaya taka dravir3abhASI anArya jAtiyA~ hI thiiN| inhoMne apanI bhASA pravRtti ke AdhAra para hI Arya bhASA (prAkRta) ko grahaNa kiyA thaa| mAravAr3I meM kucha aisI pravRttiyA~ vartamAna haiM jo isa prabhAva kI dyotaka haiN| udAharaNArtha giranAra ke zilAlekha kI bhASA meM 'tma' aura 'sva' ko 'tpa' ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai : paricajitpA-saM0 parityajitvA prArabhitpA/saM0 pAlabhitvA yaha usa bolI kI eka vizeSatA thii| isI 'tpa' kA Age calakara prAkRta kI sAvarNya pravRtti ke kAraNa dvitva ho kara 'ppa' huaaa| isI dvit 'ppa' ko udyotanasUri (vi0 saM0 835) ne 'appA tuppA bhari re aha pecchai mArue tatto' kahakara usa samaya kI mAravAr3I pravRtti ke rUpa meM ullekhita kiyA hai| udIcya prAkRta kA prabhAva isameM eka anya udAharaNa se bhI lakSita hotA hai| vaha hai 'la-kAra' ke sthAna para 'ra-kAra' kI pradhAnatA jo 'pArabhitvA' aura 'pAlabhitvA' meM dRSTigocara hotI hai / 37 isI prakAra mAravAr3I meM 'STa' ke muddhanya 'Sa' ke sthAna para dantya 'sa' kI sItkAra dhvani bar3I spaSTa sunAI par3atI hai, jo sambhavataH Arya prabhAva se pahale kI paramparA hai| giranAra ke zilAlekha meM 'tiSThati' ke prAkRta rUpa ' titi' ke sthAna para usakA sthAnIya rUpa 'tisTati' hI milatA hai| yaha usa bolI kI prabala pravRtti kA dyotaka hai / mAravAr3I meM Aja bhI spaSTa aura kaSTa ke mUrddhanya S ke sthAna para dantya s kI sItkAra dhvani bar3I sApha suna par3atI hai / - - - 37-udIcya prAkRta meM tIna mukhya vizeSatAe thIM (ka) IrAnI ke samAna isameM 'ra' dhvani kI pradhAnatA thI aura 'la' dhvani kA prayoga nahIM hotA thaa| (kha) mahAprANa 'gha', 'dha', 'bha' ke alpaprAraNatva kA lopa aura kevala 'ha-kAra' kA prayoga / (ga) madhyaga 'Da' (Da), 'Dha' (r3ha), krama se 'la' aura 'laha' ho jAte the|

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rAjasthAna bhASA purAtatva 161 isI lekha meM anya kaI rUpa haiM jo prAkRta prabhAva se mukta haiM; jaise- 'asti' ke sthAna para 'atti' na hokara 'asti' kA hI prayoga, jo 'sakAra' ke prabala Agraha aura astitva kA pramANa hai / isase eka aura tathya nikala AtA hai ki isa bolI meM mUrddhanya 'S ' kA prabhAva thA / zahabAjagar3hI aura mAnaserA kI lipiyoM meM jahA~ 'gha' kA prayoga huA hai vahA~ aise sthAna para isameM 's' hI milatA hai- giranAra zahabAjagar3hI mAnaserA saMskRta sarve pAsaMdA vasebU ti sarva prakhaMDa base isI prakAra tAlavya z' kA bhI prabhAva dIkha par3atA hai aura usake sthAna para bhI datya 's' kA hI prayoga milatA hai- giranAra zahabAjagar3hI mAnaserA saMskRta sa papaDa vaseyu sarve pASaMDAH vaseyu iti 135 -sayama -sayamaM ca bhAvasudhi bhavadhi -sayama bhavazudhi ca -sayamaM (ca) bhAvazuddhi ca (1) saMyukta vyaMjana kI asvIkRti (ka) cca aura ccha isase yaha spaSTa hai ki isa prAnta meM prAkRta ke prabhAva ke samaya sthAnIya boliyoM kI pravRttiyA~ atyadhika prabala thiiN| kucha anya praura udAharaNoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAyagA ddha (kha) pata (ga) (2) R ke sthAna para vyaJjana kI (ka) k ke sAtha 'a' (kha) da ke sAtha 'i' ca ichati / ca ichaMti / ichati / icchati // 3 & ucAvacachaMdo - saM0 uccAvacchandAH (hindI - OMca nIca vicAra se ) ucAvacarAgo-saM0 uccAvacarAgAH ( hindI UMca nIca rAga ke) --saM0 dRDhabhIkatA -- saM0 bhAva zuddhitA : hiDhabhatitA bhAva sudhitA pravRtti ke anusAra 'a', 'i' aura 'u' kataMtratA saM0 kRtajJatA divamatitAsaM0 haDabhIkatA enArisAni saM0 etAdRzAni -- - (ga) paM ke sAtha 'u' dhamaparichA saM0 dharmaparipRcchA 38 - dekho -- nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA meM probhA- 'prazoka kI dharma lipiyA~' / 36- 'z' tathA '' ke sthAna para 'sU' ke uccAraNa ke anya udAharaNa : dasAbhisito -- saM0 dazavarSAbhisiktaH mAnusasTI saM0 dharmAnuzasti --1

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162 (3) jJa aura nyU kA uccAraNa ke samAna kataMJatA jayAmu ajJAni --saM0 kRtajJatA -saM0 nyAyAsiSuH saM0 anyAni -- (4) lambe saMyuktAkSaroM vAle zabdoM meM prakSaralopaH kasaMti, kAsaMtikariSyanti isa prakAra mAravAr3I kI racanA kI AdhAra bhUmi meM pazcimI prabhAva hI prabala hai| madhyadezIya prAkRta kA prabhAva to mAravAr3I para bahuta kAla pIche bhAyA 40 pazcima paMjAba sindha gujarAta aura mAravAr3a / ke nivAsI adhikatara dravir3a pAye the| dhIre-dhIre ye Arya bhASA aura bhArya sattA ko svIkAra karate rahe the| ye loga jaba Arya bhASA kA prayoga karane lage to unakI bhASA pravRttiyAM isa mizrita bhArya bhASA meM yA gii| Age calakara isI ne pazcimI rAjasthAnI kI pRSTabhUmi taiyAra kii| zrI udayasiMha bhaTanAgara dakSiNa rAjasthAna meM mevAr3a ke eka bar3e bhAga para bhIloM kA Adhipatya thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki isa bhAga kI bolI kI kaI pravRttiyAM mAravAr3I se mela nahIM khaatii| isa ghora ke loga bhIla, grAmIra, gUjara prAdi the, jina para Arya bhASA kA prabhAva mAlavA kI ora se hokara AyA / isI kAraNa mevAr3I aura mAlavI meM samAnatA hotI hai| zaurasena se pAne vAle dhArya prabhAva ne pUrva rAjasthAnI aura mAlavA kI ghora se jhAne vAle prAkRta prabhAva ne dakSiNa rAjasthAnI kI AdhAra bhUmi prastuta kI / Arya prasAra ke pazcAt prAkRta ke prabhAva se rAjasthAnI kI pRSThabhUmi prArambha hone lgii| dhArya prabhutva aura prasAra ke kAraNa yadyapi dravir3a dakSiNa kI ora utara gaye parantu unameM se aneka yahAM bhI basa rahe / inake anizcita anya aneka jAtiyAM jo sindhu tathA uttara paMjAba se khader3I gaI ve bhI rAjasthAna meM basa gaI / ina saba kI boliyoM meM prAyaM bhASA ke mizraNa ne eka navIna bhASA kI racanA meM yoga diyA, jisase rAjasthAnI kI pRSThabhUmi Arambha hone lagI / prAkRta kI sAvarNya ( Assimilation ) ne prArya bhASA aura anArya zabdoM se rAjasthAnI rUpAntara karane meM pradhAna rUpa se kAma kiyaa| bhIla dravir3a rAjyoM kI saMskRti ke avazeSa cAraNa bhAToM (dekhoM Upara dravir3a pulvana - rAja0 paDavo, bar3avo Adi) ne apanI bhASA kI racanA meM isa pravRtti ko niyamita rUpa se apanAyA aura Age calakara rAjasthAnI meM dvita varNavAlI DiMgala zailI kA vikAsa kiyA / prAkRta ke loka bhASA hone se usakA kSetra vyApaka ho gayA thaa| aneka anArya jAtiyAM isa pArya bhASA kA prayoga apanI boliyoM kA mizraNa karake karatI jA rahI thiiN| rAjasthAna kI aneka udyoga vyavasAyI jAtiyAM AryoM ke sAtha samparka sthApita kara cukI thI / ve apane udyoga-vyavasAya ko lekara Arya parivAroM meM praveza karane lagI thiiN| ina sabhI jAtiyoM ke samparka, sambandha aura mizraNa tathA saMyoga-vyavahAra se vikasita / 40- " mAravAr3a - gujarAta kI maulika yA prAthamika bolI, jisakA prAcInatama nidarzana azoka kI giranAra lipi meM hameM milatA hai, madhyadeza ( zUrasena athavA antarveda) kI bhASA se nahIM nikalI thI; pazcimI paMjAba tathA sindha meM jo dhAyeM boliyAM sthApita huI thIM, unase jyAdA samparkita thI" su0 ku0 cA0 rAjasthAnI bhASA' pR0 55 /

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rAjasthAna bhASA purAtatva 163 eka navIna sAmAjika vyavasthA meM bhASA kA poSaNa ho rahA thA / pracalita Arya bhASA meM naI-naI bhASApravRttiyoM kA samAveza ho rahA thA / tatsama zabdoM ke aneka tadbhava rUpAntara ho rahe the, anArya zabdoM ko ( - ka pratyaya lagAkara saMskRta kiyA jA rahA thA ( rAja0 ghutra 7 ghotra 7 ghoTar3a 7 saM0 ghoTakaH ) to kahIM prAkRta ( rAja0 mila 7 bila 7 bhila 7 prA0 bhilla) / zabdoM ko naye rUpa mila rahe the / eka hI zabda kA uccAraNa vividha jAtiyAM apanI dhvani-saMhati aura mukhasukha pravRtti ke anusAra kara rahI thIM, jisase eka hI zabda ke aneka rUpa hone lage the 41 / isa prakAra isa Arya-anArya samparka se prAkRta bhASA ke rUpa meM parivartana sthiti utpanna ho cukI thI / pariNAmataH eka navIna bhASA 'apabhraMza' kA vikAsa huA / rAjasthAna para prAkRta prabhAva I0 pU0 kI sahasrAbdi se lekara I0 pU0 kI antima zatAbdI taka banA rahA / isa samaya taka yahAM Arya prabhAvapUrNa rUpa se phaila gaye the / isake sAtha hI apabhraMza kA rAjasthAnI rUpa Arambha ho gayA / isa rUpa ke vikAsa meM sahayoga dene vAle the bhIla ( bhilla ), gaubhIla / ( gaubhilla 7 gohilla), AbhIra ( abhilla ), gurjara, tathA kola, munDA aura kirAtoM kI santAneM evaM cAraNa, par3avA, aura bhATa Adi / AryoM ke sAtha ina jAtiyoM ke nikaTa samparka ke kAraNa inakI boliyAM bhI adhika prabhAvazAlI ho rahI thIM / gopAlana ke kArya meM kuzala hone ke kAraNa mahAbhArata ke samaya taka AbhIra to cAtuvarNya meM sammilita kara hI liye gaye the / sambhavataH AbhIra hI pahalI jAti thI jisane Arya parivAra se sambandha sthApita kiyA thA / bhIloM meM gAyeM carAne vAle prAryoM dvArA gaubhilla ( gau + bhilla ) kahalAye aura Arya varNa meM sammilita hone para prAbhIra ( Arya + bhilla = A milR0 7 grAmIla 7 grAbhIra) kahalAye / AbhIra jAti ke mUla udgama ke viSaya meM jo aneka kalpanAeM kI gaI haiM ve saba nirAdhAra haiM / vAstava meM parivAra meM sammilita kiye gaye bhilla hI Arya + bhilla kahalAye | Arya + bhilla kA hI rUpAntara Aryabhilla yA A - bhilla huA / A-bhIla ke 'lU' kA 'r' meM parivartana honA isa mata ko aura bhI adhika puSTa kara detA hai / Upara hama batA cuke haiM ki Arya prasAra ke kAraNa Arya bhASA saMskRta ke udIcya, madhya aura prAcya ye tIna rUpa ho cuke the / uttara meM udIcya kA prayoga hotA thA jisameM 'la' kA prayoga na hokara IrAnI ke samAna sarvatra 'ra' kA hI prayoga hotA thA / AbhIra zabda meM 'lU' ke sthAna para gita karatA hai ki uttara meM hI prArya bhIla saMyoga huA thA / isa prakAra amIra thI / inhIM kI pezevara jAti gAya-bakarI carAne ke kAraNa gUjara ( gauH + a gUjara ) kahalAyI / 'ra' kA prayoga yaha pramAbhIloM kI hI eka jAti + cara = gaura, gurjara, 41 - - ( 1 ) paMtajali ne apane mahAbhASya meM ( I0 pU0 200 ) isa uccAraNa kI anekatA kI prora saMketa kiyA hai aura 'gau' zabda ke aneka apabhraMza rUpa prastuta kiye - " gaurityasya zabdasyA gAvI goNI gopottaliketyevamAdayo'pabhrazA: ' -- dekho kIlahAnaM dvArA sampAdita 'mahAbhASya- pR0 20 (2) paravartI prAkRta granthoM meM tathA aneka jaina sUtroM meM ina zabdoM kA prayoga hone lagA thA / (3) dekho, caNDa kRta 'prAkRta lakSaraNa' gaugArvI 2, 16 (4) dekho -- siddhahema vyAkaraNa 'goNAdayaH - 2, 174 /

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zrI udayasiMha bhaTanAgara 3. bhASA ke aneka bheda aura usameM rAjasthAna kI sthiti : mahAbhArata ke pazcAt sAmAjika vyavasthA vizRkhala ho gaI thii| Arya-anArya mizraNa ke kAraNa jAtiyA~ apane kArya aura vyavasAya ke anusAra mahatva prApta karatI jA rahI thiiN| vividha jAtiyA~ apane apane Tola meM saMgaThita hokara apanI apanI boliyoM kA prayoga karatI thii| AbhIroM ke Tola to mahatvapUrNa ho hI gaye the parantu abhIrokti ne bhI Arya bhASA prAkRta ke rUpa ko sarvathA parivartita kara diyA thA, jo Age calakara adhika mahatva prApta kara lene para apabhraMza ke nAma se prasiddha huI aura usameM sAhitya racanA hone lgii| prAkRta kA andara kA DhA~cA kisI sImA taka sarvadezIya banA rahA thA, para vividha boliyoM kI pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa choTe moTe jAtigata bhedoM ke sAtha hI sthAnagata bheda ho gaye the| phira bhI isa DhAMce para vikasita eka sAmAnya bhASA avazya banI rhii| yahI prAntIya bhedoM ke sAtha sarvamAnya thii| deza bhASA' kA yaha eka rUpa thaa| usameM ye prAntIya rUpa jur3e jA rahe the| prAkRta se bhinna ho kara ke rUpa meM pracalita huI / IsvI san kI prArambhika zatAbdI taka dezabhASA kA yaha rUpa prAkRta se pUrNataH svatantra ho cukA thaa| bharata ne apane nATaya zAstra meM (I. dUsarI zatAbdI) vividha vargoM ke pAtroM dvArA prayukta bhASAoM meM saMskRta aura prAkata se sarvathA bhinna eka 'dezabhASA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai evametatta, vijJayaM prAkRta saMskRtaM tathA / ataH Urdhva pravakSyAni dezabhASA prakalpanam // yaha deza ke bhinna bhAgoM meM prAntIya vizeSatAoM ke sAtha bolI jAtI thii| bharata ne isI deza bhASA ke sAta rUpoM kA prAntIkaraNa kiyA hai-- 1. bAha lIkA --pazcimI paMjAba aura uttarI paMjAba kI bolI 2. zaurasenI --madhya deza kI bolI 3. zrAvantI --mAlava pradeza kI bolI 4. ardhamAgadhI --kosala kI bolI 5. mAgadhI --magadha kI bolI 6. prAcya --magadha se Age ke pUrvI dezoM kI bolI 7. dAkSiNAtya --gujarAta tathA dakSiNa rAjasthAna kI bolI (42) Upara Arya bhASA saMskRta ke udIcya madhya dezIya aura prAcya--ina tIna bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / inhIM ke AdhAra para prAkRta ke tIna bhedoM kA bhI vikAsa huA, jinameM azoka kI dharma lipiyA~ utkhanita haiN| inhIM tIna prAkRtoM se vikasita deza bhASA ke prArya prasAra ke sAtha sAtha-ye sAta prAntIya rUpa ho gye| bAha lIkA uttara-pazcimI sImAnta pradeza, pazcimI paMjAba, kAzmIra grAdi dezoM meM bolI jAtI thI, jisakA prabhAva sindha aura kucha kucha uttara rAjasthAna para bhI par3A thaa| isa bhASA kA prAdhAra udIcya hI VI 42--mAgadhyavantijA prAcyAzUrasenyardhamAgadhI / baha lIkA dAkSiNAtyA ca saptabhASA prakIttitA / /

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rAjasthAna bhASA purAtatva thA / isa samaya madhya pradeza ke do rUpa ho gaye--pahalA zaurasenI, jo madhya deza kI pradhAna bhASA thI, aura dUsarA AvantI jo mAlava kI bolI ke rUpa meM vikasita huii| prAcya ke isa samaya tIna bheda ho gaye-mAgadhI, ardha mAgadhI aura prAcyA (baMga deza tk)| rAjasthAna kA usa samaya koI svatantra ikAI ke rUpa meM vikAsa nahIM huA thaa| usameM choTe choTe gaNarAjya the| parantu dAkSiNAtyA se gujarAta aura dakSiNa rAjasthAna kI boliyoM se hI artha hai / dakSiNAtyA se dakSiNa kI dravir3a bhASA se sambandha nahIM hai, kyoMki usane AryAvarta kI bhASAoM kA hI ullekha kiyA hai / yahA~ taka ki AryAvarta ko anya vibhASAoM ke antargata bhI usane dravir3a kA ullekha kiyA hai : zabarAbhIra cANDAla sacara draviDoDajAH / hInA vanecarANAM ca vibhASA nATake smRtAH // isa prakAra zabara, AbhIra, cANDAla, cara, draviDa, aor3a (pror3a) aura hIna vanacara jAtiyoM kI boliyoM kI sUcanA hameM prApta hotI hai| isameM sabhI jAtiyA~ rAjasthAna meM pAyI jAtI haiN| inake bIca draviDa kA ullekha hone se upayukta bhIla-draviDa samparka sambandha ke tathya kI puSTi ho jAtI hai| usake anusAra zavaroM ke atirikta vyAdha aura koyalA banAne vAlI jAtiyA~, lakar3I ke yantroM para jIvikopArjana karane vAle suthAra (bar3haI) khAtI (kASTaka yAntrika) Adi zAbarI bolate the|43 vanacaroM ke sAtha inakA sambandha hone ke kAraNa ye loga inakI bolI 'vAnaukasI bhI jAnate the / gAya, ghor3e, bher3a, bakarI aura UMTa carAne vAle (abhIra Adi) 'prAbhorokti' bolate the| zeSa dravir3a Adi 'drAvir3I' bolate the|44 ina pramukha jAtiyoM kA ullekha kara dene ke pazcAt una anArya jAtiyoM kA bhI ullekha kara diyA hai jinameM se adhikatara jAtiyA~ rAjasthAna meM basI huI thiiN| usa samaya rAjasthAna meM choTe choTe gaNarAjya sthApita ho cuke the, jinakI yahI prAkRta mizrita 'dezabhASA' thii| sambhavataH yahI samaya thA jaba Arya prabhAva rAjasthAna para spaSTa rUpa meM pUrNa prasArita ho cukA thaa| uttara rAjasthAna kA bahuta bar3A bhAga bAha lokA se prabhAvita thaa| uttara pUrva kA bhAga matsya mahAbhArata ke samaya meM hI Arya prabhAva meM A cukA thaa| isa samaya taka pUrvI rAjasthAna kA bahuta bar3A bhAga 'zaurasenI' se prabhAvita thaa| yahAM kisI 'rAjanya janapada' (kSatrapa-janapadasI) kA zAsana thA / dakSiNa rAjasthAna meM prArya prabhAva mAlava kI ora se AyA / I0 pU0 43--zAbarI kA kucha rAjasthAnI rUpa : zAbara loga mantra phUkane Adi meM bahuta prasiddha the| inake kucha mantra zAraMgadhara paddhati meM zAraMgadhara ne surakSita kiye the| unameM se siMha se rakSA karane kA yaha mantra dekhiye-- 'nandAyaraNu putta sAyariU pahAru morI rakSA / kukkara jima puMchI dullAvai / uDahai puchI paDahai muhi / jAha re jAha / ATha sAMkalA kari ura baMdhAuM / bAdha bAghiNi kaUM muha baMdhau / kaliyAkhiriNa kI duhAI / mahAdeva kI duhAI / mahAdeva kI pUjA paaii| TAlahi jaI praannilii| viSa dehi / ' --nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA : bhAga 2, aMka-1 meM pR0 17 para 'gulerI' dvArA prakAzita 44--aGgArakAkhyAdhAnAM kASThayantro

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166 zrI udayasiMha bhaTanAgara kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM 'zivajanapada' kI sthApanA huI jisakI rAjadhAnI cittaur3a ke pAsa 'madhyamikA nagarI' (aba nagarI ke nAma se prasiddha) thii| isake sikke para 'majhibhikamba zivajana padasa' likhA milatA hai|46 yaha Arya bhASA hI hai| isameM madhyaga-a- (majhimikA 7 madhyamikA meM 'dhya' kA 'jha' ke sthAna para 'i' uccAraNa karane kI pravRtti Aja taka vartamAna hai| isake viparIta mAravAr3I meM zabda ke prArambhika a-kAra kA i-kAra hotA hai| 4. deza-bhASA kI vividha pravRttiyoM meM rAjasthAnI pravRttiyAM : bharata ne isI deza bhASA kI prAntIya vizeSatAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| usake anusAra gaMgA aura sAgara ke madhya kI bhASA (madhya deza tathA pUrva meM) e-kAra bahulA hai / vindhyAcala aura sAgara ke bIca vAle pradezoM kI bhASA na-kAra bahulA hai / surASTra, avanti aura betravatI (betavA) ke uttara ke dezoM kI bhASA meM ca-kAra kI pradhAnatA hai| carmaNvatI (cambala) aura usake pAra pAbU taka ke prAntoM meM Ta-kAra kI bahulatA hai| aura himAlaya, sindhU aura sauvIra ke bIca arthAta zUrasena, himAlaya kA pahAr3I bhAga tathA uttara rAjasthAna se lekara sindhu taka ke dezoM meM u-kAra kI bahulatA hai| ukta kathana meM rAjasthAna meM tIna bhASA spaSTa rUpa meM A gaI haiN| (1) saurASTra se avanti taka ca-kAra kI vizeSatA (2) cambala se pAbU ke bIca Ta-kAra kI vizeSatA, aura (3) uttara rAjasthAna meM u-kAra kI bahulatA spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa rAjasthAna meM bhIlI-kirAta-dravir3a prabhAva ke kAraNa ca-vargIya tathA TavargIya dhvaniyoM meM uccAraNa Arya dhvaniyoM se bhinna hai| isakA ullekha Upara kiyA jA cukA hai| hama jo yaha batalA cuke haiM ki ukArAnta pravRtti bhIlI, dravir3a tathA 'pAmIrokti' kI pradhAna vizeSatA thii| mathurA se lekara rAjasthAna aura gujarAta taka vahI ukArAnta prAja okArAnta ho gayA hai aura isakA ukArAnta svarUpa apabhraza se prabhAvita telagU meM prabala rUpa meM vartamAna hai| apabhraza meM ukArAnta bahulatA ke sAtha vyAkaraNa ke napUsaka ke bheda ko haTA dene kI pravRtti prArambha ho gaI thii| isI kAraNa usameM kahIM napuMsaka kA prayoga hotA thA aura kahIM nahIM / isa pravRtti se do bAteM spaSTa hotI haiM / isameM eka varga aisA thA jo napuMsaka ke bheda ko svIkAra karatA thaa| yaha varga vizeSa rUpa meM gujarAta-saurASTra varga thA, jisakA kucha prabhAva mAravAr3a para bhI thA / dUsarA zeSa rAjasthAna kA thA jo napusaka ke bheda ko haTA rahA thA, isaliye anusvAra kA prayoga nahIM karatA thaa| Age calakara jaba purAnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI se gujarAtI alaga huI to gujarAtI meM napuMsaka surakSita raha gayA aura rAjasthAnI se lupta ho gyaa| 45-46-dekho-nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA bhAga 3, pR. 334 para projhA0 kA lekha /

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rAjasthAna bhASA purAtatva 167 5. apabhraza meM rAjasthAnI ke mUlatatva : pAbhIrokti se vikasita hokara apabhraMza deza kI pradhAna bhASA haI aura usameM sAhitya racanA hone lgii| apabhraza ke vikAsa aura prasAra kA pradhAna zreya AbhIroM tathA gurjaroM ko diyA gayA hai| AbhIroM tathA gurjaroM kA prasAra uttara meM sindhu aura sarasvatI ke taTa se47 tathA sapAdalakSa48 kI ora se gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM haa| pUrva46 tathA dakSiNa50 taka unake rAjya bhI sthApita the| rAjazekhara kA pazcimena apabhraMzinaH kavayaH' isa tathya kA pramANa hai ki gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM apabhraza kAvya kA carama vikAsa huprA / apabhraza kAvya ke prApta granthoM ke dvArA isa pramANa kI puSTi bhI hotI hai| isI pazcimI yA zaurasena apabhraza se rAjasthAnI bhASA kA vikAsa humA / rAjasthAnI kA prAcInatama rUpa purAnI rAjasthAnI ke granthoM meM surakSita hai| purAnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI51 ko purAnI hindI bhI kahA hai|52 isakA kAraNa bhI yahI hai ki hindI ke vartamAna rUpa kI racanA meM purAnI rAjasthAnI kA prabala AdhAra hai / isake kucha udAharaNa Upara diye bhI jA cuke haiN| hemacandra ne apane prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM eka adhyAya apabhraMza vyAkaraNa kA bhI diyA hai| yahA~ usI vyAkaraNa se kucha aise tatvoM ko prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai jo rAjasthAnI ke racanA vikAsa ke mUla meM prApta hote haiM / koSThakoM meM sUtra-saMkhyA dI gaI hai) 47--vilasana ne 'inDiyana kAsTa' meM AbhIroM ke viSaya meM likhA hai--'prArambha meM ullekha mahAbhArata meM zUdra ke sAtha milatA hai, jo sindha ke taTa para nivAsa karate the / ..." tolomI (Ptlomy) ne bhI 'pAbIroM' (AbhIroM) ko svIkRta kiyA hai, jo aba bhI AbhIroM ke sindha, kaccha aura kAThiyAvAr3a meM milate haiM aura gvAloM tathA khetI kA kArya karate haiN|' rAmAyaNa, viSNupurANa, manusmRti prAdi granthoM meM dravir3a, puNDa, zabara, barbara, yavana, garga Adi ke sAtha prAbhIroM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| 48-(1) dekho-griyarsana kA bhASA sarve jilda 9, bhAga 2, pR0 2 tathA 323. (2) dekho-inDiyana enTIkverI 1911 meM DA0 bhaNDArakara kA lekha 'phorena elimenTa ina dI hindU popyUlezana' -pR0 16. (3) dekho-pAra0 I0 e-thovana kRta 'TrAibja eNDa kAsTs Apha bombe' bhUmikA pR0 21. 46-dekho-samudragupta kA ilAhAbAda kA lekha / 50--dekho--saMvat 387 kA nAsika guphA kA zilAlekha jisameM rAjAzivadatta ke putra Izvarasena ahIra kA ullekha hai| 51-dekho-inDiyana enTIkverI 1614 ke aMkoM meM tissetorI kRta purAnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI para 'notts'| 52-dekho--nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA bhAga 2, aMka 4 meM 'gulerI' lekha 'purAnI hindI / '

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168 zrI udayasiMha bhaTanAgara (1) vibhaktiyAM: (ka) rAjasthAnI meM prathamA aura sambodhana meM eka vacana puliMga AkArAnta tathA strIliMga prAkArAnta saMjJAeM apabhraMza ke samAna (330) hI rahatI haiM / parantu dvitIyA eka vacana pulliga meM apabhraMza ke akArAnta (331) kA AkArAnta ho gayA hai| apabhraMza tRtIyA ke -e (333), anusvAra tathA -Na (342 tathA 343), 0-hiM (333, 347) rAjasthAnI kAvya meM surakSita rahe haiM / apa0 paMcamI ke -he, -hu (336,341, 352) tathA huM ( -hu~ (337, 341) kAvya meM to surakSita haiM, para boliyoM meM -hu ke sthAna para -huM kA hI prayoga hone lagA hai / SaSThI ke -haM (336, 340), -he (350) aura -hu kA prayoga kevala kAvya meM hI sImita hai / saptamI -i, -e (334), -hi (341, 352), -hu~ (340), -hi (347) kAvya meM prayukta hote rahe haiN| para -i kA prayoga kAvya meM chanda-bandhana ke kAraNa -e ke sthAna para hI humA / boliyoM meM kevala -e hI pAyA jAtA hai| -e kA bahuvacana boliyoM meM -A~ ho gayA hai / sambodhana pulliga -ho (346) kA prayoga boliyoM meM bhI hotA hai, parantu strIliMga-ho (346) kA prayoga kevala Adara sUcanArtha hI hotA hai / strIliMga -e ( 330) kA prayoga sarvatra hotA AyA hai| (2) sarvanAma : (ka) nizcayavAcaka : apabhraMza eho (362) ke sthAna para rAjasthAnI meM yo (o); ei (363) ke sthAna para I; eha (362) ke sthAna para yA (pA); aoi (364) ke sthAna para pro, vo; prAya (365) ke sthAna para prA; AyaI (365) ke sthAna para I; jAsu-kAsu (358) tathA jahe-kahe (358) ke sthAna para jIM-kI ho gaye haiN| . / (kha) praznavAcaka : apabhraMza 'kAI' aura 'kavaNa' (367) purAnI rAjasthAnI meM to grahaNa kiye gaye haiM, parantu usake pazcAt 'kAI" to mUla rUpa meM hI boliyoM taka AyA hai aura 'kavaNa' kA vikasita rUpa 'kuNa' (kUNa, koNa) prayukta hone lgaa| (ga) puruSa vAcaka : apabhraMza 'maI' (377) rAjasthAnI kAvya meM 'mi' ho gayA aura 'mai" tathA 'mi' donoM kA prayoga hone lagA / isI prakAra apabhraMza amhe-amhai (376) kA 'mhe'; 'hau' (375) kA hu~' tathA mUla rUpa 'hau" bhI kAvya meM vyavahRta hone lage / inameM 'mhe' to boliyoM taka calA AyA para 'hu" kI paramparA kAvya taka hI sImita rahI / hu ke sthAna para 'mhu' kA boliyoM meM vikAsa huA / isI prakAra madhyama puruSa 'tuhu' (368) kA 'thU' 'tumhe'-tumhaI' (366) kA 'thAM-the'; 'taI' (370) kA 'thai'; 'tau' (372) kA 'thau' rUpa boliyoM meM vikasita hue / (3) kriyA : (ka) rAjasthAnI meM apabhraza vartamAna ke pratyaya -u (385), -hu (386), -hi (383). -hu (384), -hiM (382) kAvya meM to prayukta hote rahe haiM, parantu boliyoM meM -ukA -u,-hu kA -prAM, -hi tathA -hiM kA -e, aura -hu kA -pro ho gayA hai / (kha) AjJArtha meM apabhraMza -i, -u, -e (387) kAvya meM surakSita haiM, parantu boliyoM meM 'sabake sthAna para - kA prayoga hotA hai|

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rAjasthAna bhASA purAtatva 166 (ga) bhaviSyArtha meM apabhraMza 'sya' tathA 'sa' ( 388) donoM kA prayoga kAvya meM hotA hai / isa prakAra 'hosyai' aura hosau' donoM rUpa milate haiM / isI ke anya rUpa 'hoisyai' (< bhaviSyati), 'hoisai' 'hosii', 'hoihi' ( hoss ), 'hoeis' ( 388), 'hovai', 'hoi', 'huvaI', haba', 'havai' Adi rUpa bhI pracalita haiM / (4) rUpa parivartana : (ka) apabhraMza meM jahA~ anAdi 'm' sAnunAsika 'v" ho jAtA hai ( 367), vahA~ rAjasthAnI meM madhyaga -m-evaM-- donoM kA prayoga huA hai, parantu antya -m kA parivartita anunAsika v anunika rUpa meM - u ho gayA hai / (kha) antya vyaMjana se saMyukta 'r' jahA~ apabhraMza meM vikalpa se lopa hotA hai ( 368) vahA~ rAja - sthAnI meM bhI yahI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai / (ga) apabhraMza 'jehu', 'tehu' 'eha' (402) rAjasthAnI meM kAvya meM prayukta hue haiM, parantu inake vikasita rUpa 'jeho', 'teho', 'keho', 'eho' bhI milate haiN| purAnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI se ye rUpa gujarAtI meM cale gaye / rAjasthAnI meM inake sthAna para apabhraMza ' jaisa', 'taisa', 'kaisa', aisa ( 403 ) se vikasita rUpa 'jahasau' (> jiso, jaso, jasyo), 'taisau' (> tiso, taso, tasyo), 'kaisai' ( kiso, kaso, kasyo ) aura 'isa' (iso, aso, zrasyo ) rUpa prayukta hote haiM / (gha) apabhraMza ke 'jevaDu -tevaDu' (407 ) ke 'jevaDo-tevaDo' tathA evaDu-kaveDu' (408 ) ke 'evaDo' kevaDo' rUpa purAnI rAjasthAnI tathA kAvya meM barAbara prayukta hote rahe haiM / mAravAr3I meM inake rUpa kramazaH 'jer3o', 'ter3o', 'er3o', 'ker3o' vikasita hue haiN| isI prakAra apabhraMza 'jettulo' -tettulo' (407 ) ke 'jitarotitaro, vitaro (jataro-tataro-vataro) tathA etta lo-ketta lo (408 ) ke 'itaro ( prataro ) - kitaro ( kataro ) rAjasthAnI rUpa vikasita hue / AAdhunika mAravAr3I meM inake rUpa kramazaH 'jitto' titto' (vitto), 'itto' 'kitto' ho gaye / (5) svArthika pratyaya : saMjJA meM lagane vAle apabhraMza svArthika pratyaya 'pra- DaDa - Dulla - Do - DA' (426, 430, 431, 432 ) ke rAjasthAnI meM Do, lo, DI, lI, Dyo, lyo, Dino (Diyo ), limro ( liyo ) rUpa milate haiN| (6) apabhraMza se rAjasthAnI kA pRthakkararaNa : isa bAta kA nirNaya karanA kaThina hai ki apabhraMza se rAjasthAnI kA prathakkaraNa kaba huaa| eka bhASA ke bhItara hI usase vikasita hone vAlI bhASA ke bIja prasphurita ho jAte haiM aura dhIre dhIre vaha bhASA zrapanI navIna bhASA ko poSita karatI huI lupta ho jAtI hai / rAjasthAnI kI bhI yahI sthiti dekha par3atI hai / apabhraMza jyoM jyoM loka vyavahAra se haTatI gaI tyoM tyoM rAjasthAnI ke nava vikasita aMkura bhASA meM sthAna prApta karate rhe| isa prakAra apabhraMza ke antima yuga kI parivartita bhASA meM prApta sAhitya meM rAjasthAnI bhASA ke Arambhika rUpa dekha par3ate haiM / ye rUpa sambhavataH vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM

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170 zrI udayasiMha bhaTanAgara Arambha ho gaye hoMge, jaba apabhraMza ke kSetra meM prAntIya vizeSatAeM akurita hone lagI thIM / isakA pramANa vi0 saM0 835 meM udyotanasUri dvArA racita 'kuvalayamAlA' kathA meM saMgrahita prAntIya rUpoM se milatA haiM / 54 parantu rAjasthAnI kA adhika spaSTa rUpa jinadattasUri kRta 'upadesa rasAyanasAra' meM milatA hai / 55 apabhraMza se rAjasthAnI ke svarUpa vikAsa kI pradhAna pravRtti hai / apabhraMza ke dvitvarNavAle zabdoM kI asvIkRti aura unake sthAna para nava vikasita rUpoM kI sthApanA / yaha pravRtti nimnalikhita rUpoM meM pAyI jAtI hai * 54 - zaurasena apabhraMza se prabhAvita kSetra meM vikasita ina rUpoM kA ullekha yahA~ kiyA jAtA hai-1. madhyadeza -- Naya nIti- sandhi viggaha- paDue bahu jaMpi re ya payatIe / 'tere mere Au' tti jaMpi re ma dese ya // 2. antarveda - - kavi re piMgala nayaNe bhojaNakahame tad viSNavA vAre / 'kitto kimmo jisa' jaMpi re ya pratavete ya // 3. 4. 5. marudesa -- baMke jaDe ya jaDa bahu moI kaThiNa - pIraNa thUragaMge / 'appA tuppA' mariNa re graha pecchai marue tatto // gurjara -- -- ghaya lolita pucheMge dhammapare sandhi viggaha NiuNe / 'ure bhallau' bhariNa re graha pecchai gujjare pravare // lATa - hAulitta-vilitte kaya sImaMte susohiva sugatte / 'hamha kAI tumha mittu' mariNa re graha pecchara lADe || mAlava-taNu - sAma-maDaha dehe kovaraNae mAraNa- jIvigo rodda | 'bhAua bhaiNI tumhe' bhaNi re graha mAlave diTThe / / vizeSa ke liye dekho - 'apabhraMza kAvyatrayI, bhUmikA pR0 61 64 / 6. 7. Takka --- dakSiNa dANa poruSA viSNAraNa dayA vivajjiya sarIre / 'ehaM teha' cavaMte Takke uraNa pecchaya kumAro // 8. sindhu - salalitamidu-- maMdapae gaMdhava pie sadesa gaya citte / 'cca uDaya me' bhaNi re suhae graha sendhave diTThe // 55 -- nimnalikhita udAharaNa dekhiye -- beTA beTTI pariNAvijjahiM / tevi samANa dhamma ghari vijjahiM // visama dhamma-dhari jai vivAhai / ho sammuttu su nicchai vAhai / / thoDai dhaNi saMsArai kajjai 1 sAijjai sabbai savajjai // vihi dhammatthi pratthu vivijjai / jeNu su zrappu nibbui nijjai // 'upadesa rasAyanasAra' - pR0 63-64

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rAjasthAna bhASA purAtatva (ka) apabhraMza ke dvitvyaMjana kA lopa aura usake pUrvasthita svara kA dIrghIkaraNaH apa0 ajja 7 rA0 Aja; apa0 kajja (406, 3) 7 rA0 kAja; apa0 bhaggrA 7 rA0 bhAga; apa0 ghallai ( 334, 1 ) 7 rA0 ghAlai ; apa0 zrappaNau (337, 1 ) 7 rA0 ApaNauM; prapa0 jajjarau rA0 jojarauM; apa0 vagga ( 330, 4) > rA0 vAga / (kha) apa0 ke dvitvyaMjana kA lopa aura usake paravarttI vyaMjana-sthita svara kA dIrghIkaraNa : apa0 Dholla ( 330, 1) 7 apa0 Dholo; apa0 vahilla (412 ) rA0 vahilo; apa0 helli (422) rA0 helI apa0 appaNau ( 337, 1 ) > rA0 apANo / (ga) apa0 ke dvit vyaMjana kA lopa aura usake pUrvavarttI yA paravarttI svara meM koI parivartana nahIM apa0 naccAviu (420, 2) rA0 nacAviu prapa0 cholla (365 )> (ca) (gha) apa0 dvitvyaMjana kA lopa aura usake pUrvavartI varNa kA nAsikyIkaraNaHkhagga (330, 401 )> rA0 khaMga; apa0 pahuccai ( 416, 1 ) > rA0 pahuMcai / rA0 chola; apa0 jhalakka ( 365 ) > rA0 jhalaka; apa0 khuDukkara (365 )> rA0 khuDukai; apa0 viTTAla (422 ) > rA0 viTAla / 171 apa ke una dvitvyaMjana yukta zabdoM kI zabdArtha viparyaya hotA ho / aise zabdoM ke tadbhava rUpoM kI sthApanA : svIkRti jinake uparyukta niyamoM ke anusAra sthAna para saMskRta tatsam yA unake rAjasthAnI isa prakAra ke zabdoM meM 'dhamma' se 'dhAma' na hokara 'dharma' athavA 'dharama' zabdoM ko mAnyatA prApta huI / isI prakAra 'karma' ke prA0 'kamma' kA 'kAma' na hokara 'karma' yA 'karama' | svarga ke prA0 'sagga' kA 'sAga' na hokara svarga' vA 'saraga' Adi / anya pravRttiyoM meM zrAdi 'raNa' aura madhyama 'raMga' kA lopa; SaSThI meM 'kA' kI ke tathA 'rA-rI-re' kA vikAsa; 'hanto' vibhakti ke vividha rUpoM kA sabhI kArakoM meM prayoga aura zabda ke prathama varNa ke 'akAra' ke sthAna para 'i-kAra' kI mAnyatA ullekhanIya haiM, jinase apabhraMza aura rAjasthAnI pRthakatA sthApita karane meM sahAyatA prApta ho sakatI hai / 7. rAjasthAnI kI DiMgala zailo : DiMgala zabda kI vyutpatti aura artha ke viSaya meM pichale varSoM meM aneka vivAda cale / DA0 tissetorI se lekara (1614) DaoN0 menAriyA (1950) taka aneka kalpanAeM' ' gavAMrU' se Arambha huI' aura 'DIMga hAMkane' meM samApta huI / DA0 tissetorI ne DiMgala kA artha aniyamita tathA ga~vArU batalAyA; DA0 haraprasAda zAstrI ne isakI vyutpatti 'DaMgala' se mAnI, to kisI ne DiMgala meM 'Dimbha + gala' kI sandhi kA Aropa kara yaha batalAyA ki jisameM gale se DamarU AvAja nikalatI ho vaha 'DiMgala' hai| isI prakAra 'Dimbha + gala ==

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172 zrI udayasiMha bhaTanAgara DiMgala, DiggI-gala=Digala' Adi aneka anumAna prakAzita hae56 / isa sambandha meM sabase antima prAviSkAra DA0 menAriyA ne DIMga mArane kA kiyaa| unakA kathana hai ki DiMgala kI vyutpatti 'DIMga mArane se' hai, kyoMki isI bhASA meM atyukti aura anuraMjanApUrNa sAhitya milatA hai57 / isa vyutpatti kI atyadhika TIkA hone para DA0 menAriyA ne isa kalpanA ko aura Age ko khIMcA aura apanI pustaka 'rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya' meM 'DIMga' zabda ke sAtha 'la' pratyaya jor3akara usako 'DIMgala' banAyA tathA 'DiMgala' aura 'DIMgala' meM sambandha sthApita karane ke lie 'Da' ke sAtha pAne vAle hasva i-kAra aura dIrgha I-kAra kI bar3I vicitra vyokhyA karate hue dIrgha IkAra kA hrasva i-kAra kara dene kA varNana kiyA hai|58 DiMgala ke viSaya meM maiMne eka alaga lekha prakAzita kara diyA hai56 aura yahAM Upara bhI batalA cukA hai ki yaha cAraNa-bhATa Adi rAjyAzrita kaviyoM ke kAvya kI eka bhASA zailI hai| yaha bhI batalAyA jA cukA hai ki prAcIna dravir3a zabda 'pulavana' aura rAjasthAnI par3avo-bar3avoM apane mUla meM eka hI rUpa aura eka hI artha rakhate haiN|' isa prakAra ye loga rAjasthAna meM prArya prabhAva ke pUrva kisI rAjakIya paramparA se sambandhita haiM / prAcIna bhIlI dravir3a zabda ke 'pulvana' ke samAna ho 'DiMgala' zabda bhI par3avo, var3avoM, bhATa DhADhI Adi virUda-gAyaka jAtiyoM meM se kisI eka jAti ke liye prayukta hotA thaa| prAcIna saMskRta koSoM meM isa zabda kA 'DiMgara' rUpa bhI milatA hai / 'DiMgara' kA artha moniyara vIliyamsa ne apane saMskRta koSa meM pR0 430 para amarasiMha, halAyudha, hemacanda Adi ke koSoM ke AdhAra para dhUrta, dAsa, sevaka, gAne bajAne vAlA diyA hai| halAyudha ke koSa meM yaha zabda milatA hai aura usane yahI artha diyA hai| DiMgala meM la' ke sthAna para saMskRta koSa meM 'ra' kA prayoga Upara ullikhita udIcya saMskRta kI pravRtti hai| ataH DiMgala aura DiMgara eka hI artha ke dyotaka haiM aura cAraNa-bhAToM ke kAvya kI eka vikasita paramparA se sambaddha haiN| Upara hama yaha bhI batA cuke haiM ki rAjasthAna meM prArya bhASA kA prabhAva prAkRta kAla meM prArambha hA thaa| usa samaya do bhASAoM ke saMyoga aura vilInIkaraNa kA kArya cala rahA thaa| anArya zabdoM kA ArvIkaraNa ho rahA thaa| dvitavarNa kI pravRtti isameM pradhAna rUpa se sakriya thI, jisako cAraNa-mAToM ne apanI kAvya-bhASA meM niyamita rUpa se grahaNa kiyaa| yahI pravRtti DiMgala kI paramparA meM eka pradhAna vizeSatA ho gii| isI prakAra usa kAla kI anya vizeSatAeM bhI isa kAvya bhASA meM vizeSa sthAna prApta kara gii| jisase rAjasthAnI kI yaha bhASA-zailI vikasita haI aura vIra-gAthA kAvya ke liye mAnya hokara DiMgala khlaayii| DiMgala kI bhASAgata vizeSatAe nIce dI jAtI haiM : 56 ina sabhI prakAra ke patoM kA vistAra pUrvaka ullekha zrI narottamadAsa svAmI ne apane eka nibandha meM kiyA jo nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA ke kisI aMka meM prakAzita hai-vaha aMka aba aprApya hai| 57 dekho-menAriyA kRta 'rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI rUparekhA' / 58 dekho-menAriyA kRta 'rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya' pR 20-21 56 dekho-hindI anuzIlana varSa 8, aMka 3, pR0 60 para merA lekha 'DiMgala bhASA' /

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rAjasthAna bhASA purAtatva (ka) DiMgala bhASA kI pramukha vizeSatA usake zabda cayana kI hai, jisameM dvitavarNa kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai / ye dvitavarNa do prakAra ke hote haiM; eka no prAkRta aura apabhraMza se Aye hue rUpoM ke AdhAra para svIkRta ; jaise-magga, khagga prAdi; dUsare anukaraNa para banAye hue; jaise sahajji, uchalli, melli Adi / anunAsikatA kI pradhAnatA / DiMgala meM pAMcoM anunAsikoM kA prayoga mAnya hai parantu uccAraNa meM 'ja' kA uccAraNa nahIM hotA aura prAdi 'Na' kA bahata kama prayoga hotA hai| (kha) (ga) yuddha-varNana meM dRzya kA sAkSAtkAra karAne ke liye sAnuprAsatA, sAnunAsikatA aura dhvani pratIkoM kA prayoga; jaise-sAnuprAsatAH calacaliya, malamaliya, daladaliya Adi; sAnunAsikatA / camaMki, TamaMki ; dhvani-pratIkata : DhamaDhamai Dhola nIsANa........... / bhASA meM yuddha-janita karkazatA lAne ke liye Ta-vargIya dhvaniyoM kA prayoga / (gha) (Ga) vyAkaraNa ke rUpoM meM prAcIna sarvanAmoM 'amhi', 'amhA', 'amhINo', 'tumha', tumhA' Adi; tathA vibhaktiyoM meM 'ha', 'haMdA', taNau', 'taNAMha', cA-cI Adi; aura kriyA meM iya, Adi pratyayoM vAlI kriyAoM kA prayoga /