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________________ prAcIna bhAratIya mUrtikalA ko mAlavA kI dena DaoN0 bhagavatIlAla rAjapurohita [12, vIra durgAdAsa mArga, ujjaina (ma0 pra0)] kisI bhI deza kI saMskRti kA darpaNa vahAM kI kalA hotI hai / bhAratIya kalA bhI yahAM ke yugayugIna jIvana kA darpaNa hai / dharma tathA darzana, artha tathA kAma, saundarya tathA kurUpatA, bauddhikatA evaM sahRdayatA, mAnava-prakRti tathA dRzya-prakRti, rAjA tathA prajA, yuddha evaM zAnti, svAmI tathA majadUra, jar3a evaM cetana, darzanoM kI gambhIratA tathA vidUSakI hAsya-vyaMgya, sadAcAra kA Adarza tathA viSayoM kA carama vilAsa, yoga tathA bhoga, carama nirAzA evaM prakhara kalAvilAsa ityAdi nikhila jagata kI pravRttiyoM tathA upalabdhiyoM kA aMkana bhAratIya kalA meM, vaidika, bauddha tathA jaina kalAoM meM avaira rUpa se huA hai| bhAratIya saundarya ke pratimAnoM meM bheda nahIM thA, bhAratIya jIvana ke Adarza tathA yathArtha saba dharmoM meM eka jaise the-yahI kAraNa hai ki bheda hote hue bhI vaidika, bauddha tathA jaina kalA meM ye samAna rUpa se rUpAyita hue haiN| kalAkAra jaba dRr3ha samAdhi hotA hai to usakI kalA dharma se pare, sAdhAraNIkaraNa kI paridhi meM pahu~ca jAtI hai jahA~ pratyeka sahRdaya ko alaukika Ananda prApta ho sake, vaha rasa dazA meM pahu~ca sake / nATya-pradarzana ke samAna kalA bhI samasta samAja ke Ananda ke lie nirmita hotI thI aura draSTA kA usameM DUba jAnA hI usakI saphalatA kA sAra mAnA gayA hai| bhAratIya darzanoM ke samAna yahA~ ke sAhitya tathA kalA kA Adarza bhI 'paramAnanda' kI upalabdhi rahA hai| yahAM zreSTha kalA vaha nahIM mAnI gayI jo vilAsitA kI ora unmukha kre| yahI bhAratIya evaM pazcimI kalA meM mUla antara hai vizrAntiryasya sambhoge sA kalA na kalA mtaa| lIyate paramAnande yayAtmA sA parA kalA // bhAratIya mUrtikalA kalA kA yaha Adarza evaM uparyukta sambhAra lie sajI, saMvarI tathA kalAkAroM kI anavarata sAdhanA kI mUrta sundaratA inake mAdhyama se hama taka pahu~ca skii| isa deza kI sabhyatA ke jJAna ke sAtha hI yahA~ kI kalA se bhI hamArA paricaya hotA hai / sindhu-sabhyatA se dhAtu evaM miTTI kI banI aneka mUrtiyAM upalabdha huI parantu usa kAla kI mAlava-sabhyatA se aisI koI smaraNIya, mUrti upalabdha nahIM ho skii| isake bAda sadiyoM kA antarAla hai| mAlavA hI nahIM, sampUrNa bhAratIya kalA meM
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________________ 220 munidvaya abhinandana grantha madhyakAlIna aise udAharaNa upalabdha nahIM hue jo sindhu sabhyatA se maurya yuga taka kI kalA- paramparA vyakta kara sakeM / maurya yuga kalA kI samRddha paramparA ke sAtha bhArata bhUmi para avatIrNa hotA 1 deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM se mauryayugIna advitIya kalA ke avazeSa upalabdha hote haiM / yaha kalA do rUpoM meM prakaTa huI - rAjakIya evaM loka-kalA / vidizA ke nikaTa sA~cI se samrAT azoka ke dvArA ucchrita eka pASANastambha prApta huA hai / sAranAtha ke samAna yaha bhI siMhazIrSaka hai jahA~ cAra siMha pITha saTAe baiThe haiM / zISaM gola caukI kI dIvAla para cugate haMsoM kI paMkti hai jo rAmapuravA zIrSaka ke sadRza hai / bArAbara parvata ke pASANa se nirmita isa stambha mUrti kI opa anokhI hai jo samakAla meM to vyApaka prApya hai parantu usase pahale tathA bAda meM durlabha rahI / azokayugIna eka khaNDita gajamUrti ujjayinI ke nikaTa soDhaMga se upalabdha huI jo aba vikrama vizvavidyAlaya ke purAtattva saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai / rAjakIya zilpa se haTakara mauryayugIna lokakalA kI paramparA kA pramANa isa yuga kI mahAkAya yakSa mUrtiyoM se prApta hotA hai jo mathurA se ur3IsA, vArANasI se vidizA tathA pATaliputra se zUrpAraka taka ke suvistRta kSetra meM pAI jAtI haiM / inakA apanA vyaktitva hai jo alaga se pahacAnA jA sakatA hai / atimAnavI mahAkAya ye mUrtiyA~ khule AkAza ke nIce sthApita kI jAtI thIM / ye yakSa pratimAe~ isa deza meM vyApaka yakSa-pUjA kA sAkSAt pramANa haiM / vaidika, bauddha evaM jaina tInoM dharmoM meM inake prati samAna AsthA thI aura dharma se pare tInoM dharmoM se sambaddha kalA meM inakA paryApta aMkana huA hai / jisa prakAra mathurA jile ke parakhama grAma se prApta yakSa- pratimA suprathita hai usI prakAra besanagara se prApta yakSa kI 12 phITa U~cI pratimA apanI mahAkAyatA evaM saundarya ke lie prasiddha hai / jisa prakAra paTanA ke dIdAragaMja kI yakSI kI pratimA apratima hai usI prakAra besanagara se prApta yakSI bhI apanI upalabdhi meM akelI hai / ye yakSamUrtiyA~ mahAkAya, samunnata tathA baliSThatA evaM dRr3hatA kI dyotaka haiM / catarmukha- darzana hone para bhI sammukha - darzana se yukta ina pratimAoM ke veSa meM sira para pagar3I, uttarIya jise vakSa para bA~dhA gayA, dhotI jo kaTi meM mekhalA se ba~dhI hai, kAnoM bhArI kuMDala, gale meM bhArI kaMThA, chAtI para capaTA tikonA hAra tathA bAhuoM para 1 soDhaMga - ujjayinI ke samIpavartI isa grAma kA nAma prAcIna tAmrapatroM meM bAra-bAra Ae 'sodra Mga' zabda kA vikAra pratIta hotA hai / yaha bhI sambhava hai ki boThaMga nAmaka kisI videzI ke nAma para yaha gA~va basAyA gayA ho aura usakA apabhraMza soDhaMga ho gayA ho / cInI turkistAna se prApta lekhoM meM yaha nAma aneka bAra prayukta huA hai / prAcIna yuga meM ujjayinI meM aneka videzI loga rahate the / hRSTavya DI0 sI0 sarakAra dvArA saMpAdita 'salekTa inskripzans' 1965, pR0 244,46, 48 ityAdi /
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________________ prAcIna bhAratIya mUrtikalA ko mAlavA kI dena 221 bhujabandha haiN| ye mUrtiyA~ sthUla athavA ghaTodara haiN| yakSamUrtiyoM kI isa paramparA kA srota ajJAta hai parantu jisa rUpa tathA mAtrA meM ye upalabdha haiM isase spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki inakI samRddha paramparA rahI jo sAhitya meM hI upalabdha hai, mUrta rUpa meM nhiiN| sambhavataH isase pUrva ye mUrtiyAM miTTI athavA kATha kI banatI rahI hoMgI jo kAlAntara meM naSTa ho gyiiN| isa yuga ke sampUrNa sAhitya meM yakSa ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiM / bhAsakRta pratijJA-yaugandharAyaNa ke anusAra vAsavadattA ujjayinI meM yakSiNI kI pUjA ke lie jAtI hai| hAM, yakSa-mUrtiyoM kI yaha Rddha-paramparA zuMgakAla meM adhika vyApaka ho gyii| zuga yuga meM bharahuta tathA sA~cI ke stUpoM kI vedikAeM banIM, toraNa dvAra bane aura una para kalAtmaka saundarya bikhara gyaa| bauddhadharma ke prati jo AsthA jana-hRdaya meM vidyamAna thI vaha pASANoM para ubharI parantu janabhAvanA meM yakSa-nAga ityAdi jo lokadevatA AsIna the ve bhI usake sAtha hI AkAra grahaNa karane lge| phalataH yaha mizrita kalA bharahuta tathA sA~cI do kendroM meM eka mizrita kalA bharahata tathA sAMcI do kendroM meM eka sAtha pUrNa vaibhava ke sAtha prakaTa hii| isa yuga meM alaMkaraNa kI aneka parateM prakaTa huiiN| lakSmI , pUrNaghaTa, uttarakuru, dharmacakra, triratna, kalpavRkSa, makara, kacchapa, yakSa-yakSI, vRkSa, stUpa, azoka stambhoM para prApta hone vAle vRSabha, siMha, azva, hastI Adi pazuoM kI pUjA, vividha devI-devatA, devaprAsAda, puSpamAlA, kalpalatA, sarovara ityAdi aneka aMkana dhArmika mAnyatA ke sAtha hI zobhAkAraka bhI the| zuMga-yuga meM vidizA tathA sA~cI kalA-vaibhava se khacita ho gye| mathurA se pratiSThAna jAne vAle mahApatha para yaha vyApArika kendra thaa| vidizA meM viSNu-maMdira, garur3adhvaja tathA makaradhvaja evaM nidhiyoM ke dyotaka zaMkha tathA padma se zobhita kalpavRkSa kA bhI sundara aMkana huA hai| vastutaH yaha kalpavRkSa, vaTavRkSa ke rUpa meM aMkita huA hai jisakI jhalatI jar3oM ke madhya nidhi se pUrNa eka pAtra, do thele, tathA zaMkha evaM padma dikhAe gae haiM / 5 phITa 8 iMca U~cA yaha kubera ke dhvajastambha kA zIrSabhAga aba kalakattA saMgrahAlaya meM hai / sAhitya ke sandarbha meM isa vaTavRkSa kA vizeSa mahattva hai| kAlidAsakRta meghadUta meM vidizA ke 'grAma caityoM' kA ullekha hai| caitya para yakSa kA nivAsa hotA thaa| yaha caitya yA to bhavana ke rUpa meM hotA thA athavA vRkSa / yaha vRkSa vaTavRkSa hotA thaa| 'vaTayakSa' kI carcA sAhitya meM hotI rahatI hai| spaSTa hI vidizA kA 'grAmacaitya' yakSa athavA usake adhipati kubera ke hI vAsasthAna hone se meghadUta meM vyakta hue haiN| prazna uThatA hai ki vidizA meM hI usakA ullekha kyoM kiyA gayA? isakA uttara hameM kalA ke itihAsa se prApta hotA hai| vidizA I0 pU0 tIsarI sadI se hI, azoka ke samaya se hI yakSa evaM kubera kI mUrti sthApanA kA kendra rahA hai| vahA~ mauryazuMga yugIna khule AkAza ke tale khar3I mahAkAya mUrtiyAM aneka upalabdha hotI haiM / pramukha 2 Ananda ke0 kumArasvAmI, yakSa, bhAga 2, pR0 72 tathA pleTa 1 evaM 46 (citra 1-2)
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________________ 222 munidvaya abhinandana grantha vaNikpatha para sthita hone se vahIM vaizyoM kI bastI thI jise vaizya nagara (besanagara ) kahate the / vyApAriyoM kI bastI meM dhana ke devatA kubera evaM yakSa kI vyApaka pUjAarcanA asvAbhAvika nahIM hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki vahA~ inakI mahAkAya mUrtiyA~ padharAyI gayIM, inake Ayatana bane, dhvajastambha bane, ina dhvajastambhoM ke zIrSabhAga para vizAla evaM Rddhi prakaTa karate kalpavRkSa ( vaTavRkSa ) bane / vaTavRkSa para yakSoM kA vAsa hone se yahA~ ke janoM kI usa para vizeSa AsthA thI / pUrvokta vaTavRkSa ke nIce zaMkha evaM padma bhI aMkita haiM / kAlidAsa ke meghadUta (2 / 17) meM spaSTa saMketa hai ki alakA meM yakSa ke bhavanadvAra ke donoM ora zaMkha tathA padma kA aMkana hai dvAropAnte likhitavapuSau zaMkhapadmau ca dRSTvA / ye zaMkha evaM padma carama nidhiyoM ke pratIka haiN| karnATaka ke prAcIna maMdiroM ke dvAra ke donoM ora inakI mAnavI AkRtiyA~ aba bhI dekhI jA sakatI haiN| lakSmIpati viSNu ke do hAthoM meM zaMkha evaM padma kA citraNa bhI nidhisampannatA kA dyotana hai / vidizA meM ina kalpavRkSoM ke aMkana ke sAtha hI viSNu kA Ayatana evaM garur3adhvaja bhI ucchrita thA jisakI vaNijoM ke nagara meM sthiti acaraja nahIM / kAlidAsa ne caitya kA saMketa kara apane yuga ke vidizA kI samUcI sabhyatA kA ullekha kara diyA hai - kalA, samAja, artha, dharma saba kucha vyakta ho gayA / sA~cI ke sarvAdhika mahattvazAlI tIna stUpoM meM mahAstUpa ke cAra toraNadvAra atyanta alaMkRta haiM / tRtIya stUpa kA eka toraNa hai / ina toraNoM ke sire para do bhArI stambhoM para tIna-tIna dharaNeM haiM jinake donoM sire Avarta se alaMkRta haiM / bIca meM gajArohI tathA azvArohI haiM / yakSa mUrtiyA~ tathA hAthI evaM siMha ke agrabhAga haiM / ubhayataH mukhIyakSI, cAmaragrAhI yakSa hai / yahA~ bauddhadharma evaM lokadharma kA samAhAra ho gayA hai / kucha aisA zilpa hai jisakI paryApta AvRti huI evaM kucha meM buddha kI jIvana ghaTanAeM, yakSa mUrtiyA~, pazupakSI, latA - phUla-pattiyA~ ityAdi kA aMkana huA hai / pIpala athavA azvattha ke rUpa meM sambodhi kA aMkana kara pUjA ke manahara dRzya utkIrNa kara die haiM / bar3eriyoM ke bIca baunI yakSa- mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM / yahA~ ukere gae pazu vAstavika tathA kAlpanika donoM prakAra ke haiN| pazuoM meM aja, vRSabha, uSTra, gaja, siMha evaM siMhavyAla haiM / pUrvI dvAra para udIcyaveSadhArI zaka- tuSAra aMkita haiM / yahA~ sapakSa siMha bhI aMkita haiM jo bhArata ke bAhara bhI paryApta ukere gaye / yahA~ phUla-pattiyoM kA paryApta alaMkaraNa hai, vizeSataH kamala kA / dakSiNI dvAra para zrI lakSmI kA aMkana hai jisakA do gaja ghaTAbhiSeka kara rahe haiN| bIca kI bar3erI para stUpa kA darzana karane ke lie rathArUr3ha azoka kA aMkana huA hai jisake pIche gajArohI evaM padAti haiM / isI dvAra ke stambha kI dUsarI bagar3I para azoka dvArA nirmita, azvattha ke caturdika bodhidhara pradarzita haiN| parantu murjhAe bodhi ko dekha azoka besudha batAye gaye haiM / vINA bajAtI mithuna mUrti kalpavRkSa ke nIce mithuna-nRtya-darzana kA Ananda pradarzita hai / bhAjA ke anurUpa hai /
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________________ prAcIna bhAratIya mUrtikalA ko mAlavA kI dena 223 uttarI dvAra toraNa kI Upara kI bar3erI para donoM ora yakSa evaM sapakSa siMha aMkita haiN| nIcalI bar3erI para sarvottama aMkana huA hai| yahAM nagarIya vAstu, veza, AbharaNa tathA azvayukta ratha evaM bAMe stambha para jetavana kA dRzya bharahuta ke samAna aMkita hai| prasenajita, pAnagoSThI, vINAvAdana ityAdi bhI aMkita haiM / stambha ke bAharI bhAga para aMkita suvarNayaSTi para cAra khUTiyoM para jhUlatI suvarNamAlAeM AkarSaka rUpa meM vyakta huI haiN| yahA~ bauddha evaM loka dharma kA adbhuta samanvaya huA hai| pUrvI dvAra ke toraNa ke utkIrNana meM taralatA kI adhikatA hai| buddha kA mahAbhiniSkramaNa tathA nagara kI parikhA, prAkAra evaM dvAra pradarzita haiN| dAhine stambha bhAga ke sAmane vividha loka utkIrNa hue haiN| isa para mahAkapi jAtaka bhI saphalatA se aMkita huA hai| uttarakuru ke svargIya Anandamaya jIvana kA bhI vahA~ paryApta aMkana huA hai| dakSiNa tathA pazcimI dvAroM kI kalA ne paravartI mAthurI kuSANa zailI ko prathApita kiyA hai| dakSiNa dvAra kA nirmANa vidizA ke gajadanta-kalAkAroM ne kiyA thA tathA unakI hI bArIka kalA usa para aMkita huI hai| isake nirmANa meM ujjayinI ke zreSTha varga kA bhI yogadAna rhaa|| dvitIya stUpa kI vedikA para aneka dRzya aMkita haiN| yakSa-yakSI, azvamaccha, kinnaramithuna tathA sarvAdhika kamala zobhita haiN| ye IsavI pUrva dUsarI sadI ke anta meM nirmita hue haiN| yahA~ eka manorama aMkana meM kamalavallarI pradarzita hai jisameM do gajoM dvArA ghaTAbhiSeka kI jAtI huI lakSmI, nIce yakSamithuna jinameM se yakSa ke hAtha meM padmapradarzita hai jo svabhAvataH usakI carama Rddhi kA pratIka hai| ye donoM kamala-patra para khar3e haiM jo unake jalaprema ko prakaTa karatA hai| nIce agale donoM paira uThAe siMha, aura bhI nIce vaise hI do azva tathA sabase nIce kacchapa hai jisake mukha se laharAtI nikalI kamala latA meM uparyukta dRzya kramazaH aMkita haiN| yahAM kamala kA ananta rUpa meM aMkana huA hai| uttarakuru kA aMkana yahA~ bhI huA hai| kinAroM kA bhI manahara aMkana hai| yahI kinnara bAda meM hamazIrSa devatA banA jo viSNu ke avatAra ke rUpa meM acita huaa| inheM azvamukhI yakSa-yakSI bhI kahA jAtA rhaa| tRtIya stUpa ke dvAra para yakSa-yakSiNI, azvArohI, triratna, dharmacakra ityAdi utkIrNa haiN| vidizA ke nikaTa udayagiri pahAr3I para kaniMghama ko kaI maurya-zuMgayugIna avazeSa prApta hue the jinameM se kaI lupta ho gae tathA kaI gvAliyara saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiN| eka 8 phITa 6 iMca U~cA gola stambha khaNDa mauryayugIna oparahita hone para bhI azoka ke kaI anya stambhoM se AkRti meM milatA hai tathA pASANa bhI vahI / 3 DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, bhAratIya kalA, pR0 205 4 dvivedI bandhu, madhya bhArata kA itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 328-26
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________________ 224 munidvaya abhinandana grantha kamalAkRti ardhabhagna, rassI kA kaNThA, Upara sAdI paTTI, taba gola caukI, jisake cAroM ora baila, hAthI, sapakSa U~Ta, sapakSa azva, jirApha, dAr3hIyukta mAnavamukha, sapakSa siMha ityAdi ubhare haiM / luhA~gI pahAr3I se prApta stambha zIrSa bhI oparahita hone para bhI maurya yugIna hI mAnA gayA hai / isakA zIrSa ramapuravA ke stambhazIrSa ke samAna alaMkRta hai tathA usa para do siMha evaM do hAthI eka ke bAda eka baiThe the jinake aba kevala paira bace haiM / ujjayinI meM gar3ha ke utkhanana meM prApta sleTa patthara para utkIrNa mUrti mauryayugIna kalA kA zreSTha udAharaNa hai / sA~cI ke dakSiNa meM lagabhaga 12 phITa lambe vizAlakAya azva evaM usake nikaTa eka nAga rAjA kI bhavya mUrti hai / isake hAtha tathA mukha khaNDita haiM / nikaTa hI phirojapura grAma meM nAga rAjA tathA rAnI kI mAnavAkAra mUrtiyA~ par3I haiN| aisI aneka mUrtiyA~ haiM jo AkarSaka haiM / dvivedIbandhu ke anusAra ye mUrtiyA~ tIsarI sadI meM nirmita huI pratIta hotI haiM / vidizA ke prAsAdottama viSNu mandira ke avazeSoM ke nikaTa se pUrva guptakAlIna viSNu kI bhagna pratimA prApta huI hai / bAyeM hAtha meM siMhamukhI gadA hai / prabhAmaNDala bhI hai / besanagara se stambha zIrSa bhI upalabdha hotA hai jo makarAMkita hai| makaradhvaja athavA makaraketana ke mandira ke ullekha ujjayinI tathA pATaliputra ke sandarbha meM bhI prApta hote haiM / fift kI vINAguhA meM zivaliMga para ubharI zivamukha pratimA guptakAla se pahale kI hai / kyoMki isameM kevala tRtIya netra hI pradarzita hai anya candrakalA ityAdi rUr3hi pradarzita nahIM hai jo guptakAlIna khoha tathA bhUmarA ke ekamukha zivaliMgoM meM prApta hotI hai / isa pratimA kI saumya mudrA hRdayAkarSaka hai| sira para jaTA jUr3e ke rUpa meM ba~dhI hai tathA kucha keza gale taka jhUla rahe haiM / gale meM maNiyoM kA kaNThA bhI hai / kAlidAsa ne jisa aSTamukha ziva kI arcanA kI hai, usakI akelI mUrti dazapura ( mandasaura) se prApta huI hai / 7-8 phITa U~ce zivaliMga para cAra mukha Upara tathA cAra unake nIce trinetramaya utkIrNa haiM / mukha aNDAkAra evaM saumya haiM / bAgha-guhAoM ke dvAra ke AsapAsa bodhisatva, kubera, yakSa, dvArapAla ityAdi kI vizAla pratimAe~ nirmita haiM / ye taba kI haiM jaba buddha pratimA ke lakSaNa pUrNatayA nizcita nahIM hue the / arthAt ye guptakAla se pUrva kI hI pratIta hotI haiM / gupta yuga kI kalA meM zIla, zakti tathA saundarya kA adbhuta samanvaya hai / aba AkRtiyA~ sarvathA svAbhAvika ho gayIM / kalAkAroM kI chainI ne jo santulana isa kAla meM prastuta kiyA vaha na to isase pUrva thA aura na bAda meM rahA / aba mUrtiyA~ na to zuMgakAla jaisI capaTI rahIM, na kuSANakAla jaisI gola, balki gAMdhAra zailI jaisI aMDAkAra prakRta 5 vinoda bandhu, madhyabhArata kA itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 482 6 vahI, pR0 624
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________________ prAcIna bhAratIya mUrtikalA ko mAlavA kI dena 225 ho gyii| aba kalAkAra unheM kalA ke pratiSThita saundarya bhAvoM se nahIM, sIdhe pravAhita jIvana se lene lgaa| jIvana kI sarasatA mUrtimatI hone lgii| alaMkaraNa meM nyUnatA A gyii| svAbhAvika saundarya viha~sa pdd'aa| udayagiri kI guhA meM varAha kI 12 phITa 8 iMca U~cI vizAlakAya pratimA anAyAsa pRthvI uThAte hue zakti ke pramANa sI pratIta hotI hai / chaThI guhA meM caturbhuja viSNu kI do pratimAe~ utkIrNa haiN| 5, 6, 10, 11 tathA 12vIM guhA meM bhI viSNu kI khar3I pratimAeM nirmita haiN| parantu 13vIM guhA meM zeSazAyI viSNu kI bAraha phITa lambI pratimA utkIrNa hai jisameM sira kohanI se uThe hAtha kI hathelI para TikA hai / pratimA atyanta saumya evaM manohara hai| isameM paritaH garur3a prabhRti anucara bhI pradarzita haiN| 19vIM guhA meM samudramaMthana pradarzita hai| besanagara se upalabdha nRsiMha kI mUrti bhI AkarSaka hai|8 ujjaina ke nikaTa kAyathA se bhI sUrya kI eka manohara mUrti prApta huI hai| udayagiri kI tIsarI guhA meM skanda kI sundara pratimA hai jisake eka hAtha meM daNDa athavA zakti tathA do sira haiM / dumaina se prApta pratimA laghu para AkarSaka hai| tathaiva koTA se bhI prApta huI hai| udayagiri kI 6vIM evaM 17vIM guhA meM gaNeza kI mUrtiyAM pradarzita haiN| 6vIM evaM 17voM guhA meM hI dvAdaza-karA mahiSamadinI kI pratimA bhI sundara haiN| mandasaura meM ur3ate gandharva kI pratimA meM bhI AkarSaNa hai| isI kAla kI yakSa-yakSI pratimA vidizA se prApta huI hai| bAgha evaM sAMcI meM pradarzita isa kAla kI buddha pratimAe~ yugAnurUpa hRdayagrAhiNI nahIM bana paayiiN| udayagiri kI bIsavIM guhA meM avaziSTa nAgachatra se pratIta hotA hai ki vahA~ pArzvanAtha kI pratimA rahI hogii| kucha varSa pUrva vidizA se tIna pratimAeM upalabdha huI haiM tIrthaMkara puSpadanta kI do pratimAe~ tathA candraprabhu kI eka prtimaa| ina pratimAoM para 'mahArAjAdhirAja rAmagupta' kA nAma bhI utkIrNa hai|' mandasaura ke khilacIpura tathA bAgha ke dvArapAloM kA aMkana bhI anokhA hai| guptakAla tathA paramAra yuga ke madhyakAla kI kalA kA mAlavA meM satata krama prApta nahIM hotaa| bhopAla ke nikaTa bhojapura meM 7vIM-8vIM sadI kI eka buddha pratimA hai jo AbhUSaNa maMDita bhI hai| dhamanAra kI guhAoM meM bhI buddha kI kaI ajJAta mudrAeM aMkita haiN| gyArasapura meM buddha kI bhUmisparza mudrA pradarzita hai| mandasaura se pUrva meM lagabhaga 12 mIla dUra aphajalapura meM uttara guptakAlIna paryApta pratimAeM bikharI par3I haiN| kAle patthara se banI ina mUrtiyoM meM anokhA AkarSaNa hai| vahA~ bhAvasAra ke ghara ke AMgana meM eka vizAla mUrti kA mukha bhAga dikhAI detA hai jise mayUradhvaja kI mUrti 7 DaoN0 bhagavatazaraNa upAdhyAya, bhAratIya kalA aura saMskRti kI bhUmikA, pR0 66 8 vikramasmRti grantha, pR0 667 6 bar3audA prAcya zodha saMsthAna kA jarnala, pR0 252
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________________ 226 munidvaya abhinandana grantha kahA jAtA hai| yaha mUrti paryApta alaMkRta hai| eka anya bAr3e meM kaI mUrtiyA~ par3I haiN| jinameM kAle cikane pASANa kI zAlabhaMjikA AkarSaka hai| isa gAMva kA prAcIna nAma mar3ha hai jo maTha kA apabhraMza pratIta hotA hai| yahA~ gA~va ke dakSiNa meM gojAnA gA~va taka vizAla bhavanoM kI nIMveM dikhAI detI haiM jo vahA~ maTha sthiti kI puSTi karatI haiN| yahA~ ke pASANoM kA upayoga mandasaura durga ke nirmANa meM kiyA gayA thaa| avaziSTa pattharoM kA grAmINa-janoM ne apane gharoM meM upayoga kara liyaa| yahIM eka prAcIna vApI bhI hai| yaha sthAna prAcIna kAla meM paryApta prasiddha thA aura dazapura kA abhijJAna bana gayA thaa| kyoMki eka aura dazapura vidarbha meM dalicapura ke nikaTa thA jo 810 I0 meM dAna meM de diyA gayA thaa| yaha Aja dasura kahalAtA hai| vidarbha ke dazapura se isa mAlavA ke dazapura kI bhinna pratIti ke lie isake pAsa ke prasiddha 'maTha' ko saMyukta kara ise maTha dazapura kahA jAne lagA jisase eka nizcita nagara kA hI jJAna ho ske| isa saMyukta nAma kA hI apabhraMza Aja kA mandasaura zabda hai-maThadazapura-maDadasaura, ma~r3adasaura -mndsaur| suprasiddha itihAsavid mahArAja kumAra DaoN. raghuvIrasiMhajI kA bhI yahI abhimata hai| isa suprasiddha maTha ke samIpa gojAnA gA~va ke pUrvavartI kUpa ke taTa para aSTabhujI viSNu tathA pArvatI kI eka manorama pratimA hai| viSNu kI pratimA lagabhaga tIna phuTa U~cI evaM halke kAle snigdha patthara se nirmita hai jise sindUra se pota diyA gayA hai| yaha paramArayugIna pratIta hotI hai| mUrti ke hAthoM meM zaMkha, cakra, gadA, padma, khAMDA, dhanuSa ityAdi haiN| nikaTavartI cabUtare para vaTamUla meM ziva, pArvatI, nAga, yakSa tathA zAlabhaMjikAoM kI hRdayAkarSaka pratimAeM haiN| paramAra yuga meM mUrtikalA puna: vyApaka rUpa se lokapriya huii| isa kAla meM paryApta mandira evaM mUrtiyAM sarajI gyiiN| pahale jitanI bauddha pratimAeM nirmita hotI thIM usase adhika aba jana pratimAe~ nirmita hone lgiiN| meghadUta ke devagiri (vartamAna devaDaMgarI) ke nikaTa mahagAMva ke uttara meM eka prAcIna devAlaya meM dazAvatAra kI manorama pratimAe~ bhitti meM khacita haiN| varAha. nRsiMha ityAdi kI pratimAe~ atyanta manohara bana par3I haiN| pradhAna pratimA caturbhuja viSNu kI hai jise mahilocita paridhAna pahanAkara grAmavAsI devI ke rUpa meM pUjate haiN| grAmyoM ne viSNu ko unakA mohinI rUpa de diyA, ajJAna meM bhI sacAI kI rakSA ho gyii| badanAvara meM baijanAtha mandira ke catvara para varAha kI manorama pratimA hai| aisI eka pratimA sItAmaU ke nikaTa gA~va ladUnA ke tAlAba ke taTa para hai| bhelasA meM caturbhUja viSNu kI pratimA 8-9vIM sadI kI hai| sira ke pIche prabhAmaNDala hai, gale meM vaijyntiimaalaa| ujjaina se ATha kilomITara dUra kamer3a (yaha zabda sambhavata: kamaTha kA apabhraMza hai) meM 10vIM sadI kI caturbhuja pratimA zobhita hai| mANDU se prApta eka viSNu pratimA ur3ate garur3a para savAra hai jisake vAmoru para lakSmI AsIna hai| dhamanAra ke dharmanAtha mandira ke dvAra para lakSmInArAyaNa kI pratimAe~ haiN| dhAra se bhI
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________________ prAcIna bhAratIya mUrtikalA ko mAlavA kI dena 227 lakSmI sahita viSNu kI pratimA upalabdha huI hai| gyArasapura ke hiMDolA dvAra para dazAvatAra kI pratimAe~ haiM / dhamanAra ke uparyukta mandira meM bhI dazAvatAra kA AkarSaka aMkana huA hai / bar3oha tathA karohana se bhI varAha pratimAe~ prApta huI haiN| hiraNyakazipu kA hanana karate nRsiMha kI eka pratimA ToMgarA meM prApta hotI hai| kohalA ke varAha mandira meM varAha ke atirikta nRsiMha kI bhI pratimA hai| sunArI tathA bar3oha meM viSNu ke eka avatAra buddha ko bhI zilAMkita kiyA gayA hai| dhamanAra ke pUrvokta mandira meM zeSazAyI viSNu kI pratimA pradarzita hai jisakI nAbhi-kamala para brahmA virAjamAna haiN| nArAyaNa para madhu tathA kaiTabha AkramaNa karate haiM parantu unheM ve naSTa kara dete haiM / mANDU kI lohAnI guhA ke nikaTa se zeSazAyI kI sundara pratimA prApta huI hai / jisa para 1258 saMvat utkIrNa hai / dhAra se brahmA evaM dazAvatAra sahita zeSa kI pratimA prApta huI hai| isI prakAra jhAraDA se zeSazAyI viSNu kI evaM anantazayyA kI dUdhAkher3I se pratimAe~ prApta huI haiN| prAcIna mandiroM kI bhitti tathA stambhoM para rAmAyaNa evaM mahAbhArata ke dRzya aMkita pAe jAte haiN| rAmAyaNa kA aisA hI dRzya sandhAnA se upalabdha huA hai| bar3oha ke gaDaramala mandira meM kRSNa-yazodA kA aMkana hai| humaina ke prAcIna mandira meM bhI kRSNakathAe~ aMkita haiN| mor3I ke pArzvanAtha mandira ke maNDapa meM kRSNajIvana se sambaddha aneka dRzya utkIrNa haiN|10 paramAra mUlata: zava the| isa kAla meM aneka zaiva pratimAe~ nirmita huiiN| ziva kI vAma-jaMghA para Asona pArvatI kI pratimAe~ mAlavA ke prAyaH sabhI prAcIna sthaloM meM dekhI jA sakatI haiN| ujjaina meM to ye vipula mAtrA meM milatI haiN| jhAlarApATana meM paramArayugIna nRtyaziva kI sundara pratimA prApta hotI hai| dhamanAra ke pUrvokta mandira meM tANDava karate ziva aMkita haiN| inake pAsa nandI evaM nRtya karatI deviyA~ bhI pradarzita haiM-nandI sahita pArvatI, garur3AsIna vaiSNavI, airAvatAsIna indrANI, haMsAsIna brhmaannii| ujjaina se upalabdha nRtyaziva kI eka pratimA gvAliyara saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita hai| yaha pAMca phITa U~cI tathA dazabhujAtmaka pratimA gajAsura kA vadha karatI batAyI gayI hai| rAmagar3ha ke ziva mandira meM bhI dazabhuja ziva kI pratimA prApta hotI hai / ve tribhuvana meM nRtya karate pradarzita haiM jinake samakSa samasta devavarga bhI baunA pradarzita hai| ujjaina ke nikaTa Agara meM nandI para AsIna ziva-pArvatI kI pratimA prApta hotI hai / gyArasapura se bhI zatruhantA ziva kI pratimA prApta hotI hai| tripurAri ziva jhArar3A meM pradarzita haiM / udayapura pahAr3I kI DhalAna para eka vizAla pASANa para apUrNa ziva pratimA banI hai / isake chaH hAtha haiM yaha 26 phITa U~cI evaM 12 phoTa 7 iMca caur3I hai| caraNa nRtyamudrA meM haiM jisake nIce koI rAkSasa kucalA jA rahA hai| gale meM nAga, 10 DaoN0 ke0 sI0 jaina, mAlavA tha da ejeja, pR0 455
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________________ 228 munidvaya abhinandana grantha jisakA phaNa vakSa para pradarzita hai| jaTA mukuTa rUpa meM hai / sthAnIya loga ise rAvaNa batAte haiM parantu ye bhImazaMkara haiN| mor3I ke mandira meM lakulIza kI pratimA hai / gyArasapura meM kaTaramala bhairava kI pratimA hai jinake hAtha meM kaTAra hai / mor3I meM bhI bhairava pratimA hai jisake bAyIM ora unakA vAhana zvAna khar3A hai| vikrama saMvat 1210 kI eka brahmA kI pratimA bAgha se prApta hotI hai| mAmona meM bhI brahmA kI pratimA prApta hotI hai| ladUnA ke taDAga ke taTa para brahmA kI pratimA thI jise taskara curA le gye| dhaulI tathA DhUMDharI meM bhI anya devoM ke sAtha brahmA bhI aMkita haiN| ujjaina ke bilohIpurA meM eka patthara para anya mUrtiyoM ke sAtha brahmANI kI pratimA bhI rakhI hai| gandhavAsa meM pAMca phITa UMcI khar3e sUrya kI pratimA hai| jhAraDiyA ke devAlaya maNDapa meM sUryapratimA aMkita hai| 10vIM sadI kI candrapratimA kA sira bhelasA meM prApta hai| ujjayinI ke vizvavidyAlayIna purAtatva saMgrahAlaya meM aneka pratimAeM zobhita haiM / khaDvAMgadhArI ziva, naTarAja, khaNDita zivapratimA, gayAsura saMhAra karatI zivapratimA, yogarata ziva, caturbhujI bhairava, caturmukhI zivapratimA jisakI mukhamudrA saumya hai, nandI para ArUr3ha ziva-pArvatI, tANDava karate ziva evaM lAsya karatI pArvatI kI saMyukta pratimA, tApasI pArvatI, cAmuNDA (kAlabhairava ke nikaTa se prApta) tathA cAmuNDA kI eka anya pratimA zahara se prApta huI hai| saptamAtRkA, vaiSNavI, brahmANI, saptamAtRkA, gaNapati, nRtyagaNapati, kArtikeya ityAdi kI pratimAe~ yahA~ se prApta hotI haiN| kSiprA nadI se caSaka lie azvArohI kI sacamuca sundara pratimA prApta huI hai| viSNu, sUrya, buddha, mahAvIra tathA deviyoM kI kaI pratimAe~ yahAM se upalabdha huI haiN| bhelasA, gaMdharAvala, mor3I, jhAraDiyA, suhAniyA, jhAraDA tathA dhamanAra se vividha deviyoM kI pratimAeM prApta hotI haiN| suhAniyA se agni tathA vAyu kI pratimAeM prApta hotI haiM / mandira ke dvAra gaMgA tathA yamunA ke aMkana se yukta haiM jaise vidizA kI varAha pratimA ke sAtha inakA aMkana huA hai| I0 san 1034 meM manathala dvArA nirmita vAgdevI kI pratimA pahale dhArA kI bhojazAlA meM thI aura aba briTiza saMgrahAlaya meM suzobhita hai| yaha rAjA bhoja ke zAsanakAla meM nirmita huI thii| yaha caturbhujI pratimA abhaMga mudrA meM khar3I hai| mukuTa tathA kuNDala, hAra evaM karadhanI pahane isa pratimA kI manohara kAyA kuzala kalAkAra ke hAthoM dRr3ha samAdhi meM sarajI gyii| isakA adbhuta saundarya tathA santulana kA chanda advitIya hai / zivarAma mUrti ise bhojakAlIna zreSTha pratimA kA udAharaNa mAnate haiN| isI AkRti kI eka sarasvatI pratimA badanAvara ke vaidyanAtha mandira ke prAMgaNa meM pradarzita hai|
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________________ prAcIna bhAratIya mUrtikalA ko mAlavA kI dena 226 naI dillI ke rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita dazabhujA durgA dabhoI durga se prApta hai| vaha vAgdevI kI pratimA ke hI samAna sundara hai / dhAra se upalabdha zveta saMgamaramara kI manorama pArvatI-pratimA bhI anokhI hai| yaha udayAditya ke samaya nirmita haI thii| suhAniyA, gyArasapura, udayapura ityAdi meM paramArayugIna gaNeza pratimAe~ haiN| baDoha meM natyagaNeza kI pratimA hai, ujjaina ke samAna / bhojapura meM aneka pratimAeM upalabdha haiN| yahA~ kA zivaliMga sAr3he sAta phITa U~cA hai| sAtha hI yahA~ kubera kI bhI pratimA prApta hotI hai / ghusaI se harihara kI pratimA prApta hotI hai| pAlI se upalabdha evaM jhAlAvAr3a meM pradarzita ardhanArIzvara kI pratimA bhI sundara hai / gyArasapura, pachavAlI ityAdi sthAnoM se trimUrti kI AkarSaka pratimAe~ prApta hotI haiN| jhAlarApATana meM eka aSTabhujI pratimA hai, jisameM brahmA, viSNu, maheza tathA sUrya-cAra devatA eka zarIra-rUpa meM aMkita haiM / kAgapura se AThavIM sadI kI mayUrAsIna kArtikeya pratimA, ujjaina se kapila muni kI pratimA, ujjaina se hI nAgayugma kI pratimA upalabdha haiN| mor3I se kalpavRkSa tathA kAmadhenu kA aMkana prApta hai / dUdAkher3I tathA jhArar3A se bhI kAmadhenu kI laghu pratimA prApta hotI hai| paramAra yuga meM manohara jaina pASANa pratimAeM nirmita huiiN| unake zarIra santulita tathA makhamadrA AkarSaka haiN| mamona se tIrthaMkara kI 8 phITa 10 iMca U~cI pratimA prApta hotI hai| paricara ke rUpa meM do yakSa vyakta hae haiM tathA laghurUpa meM kaI tIrthaMkara pradarzita haiN| mastaka ke pIche prabhAmaNDala hai| kAgapura se caumukha kI anokhI pratimA prApta huI hai| bhojapura ke jaina maMdira meM 20 phITa UMcI AdinAtha kI pratimA hai| sAtha hI indra sahita pArzvanAtha bhI pradarzita haiN| gaMdhAvala meM adhikAMza jaina pratimAe~ prApta hotI haiM jinameM se kucha 10 phITa taka U~cI haiN| Una ke jaina maMdiroM se bhI 12-13vIM sadI kI pratimAeM prApta hotI haiN| cainapura meM 13 phITa 3 iMca U~cI tIrthaMkara pratimA prApta hotI hai / canderI ke jaina mandira meM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA saM0 1252 kI tathA tIrthaMkara kI anya pratimA saMvat 1316 kI hai / vahIM 1261 saMvat kI padmAvatI devI kI pratimA bhI hai| jhArar3A meM jaina deviyoM kI do pratimAeM eka vRkSa ke nIce cabUtare para siMhAsanAsIna haiN| unake ATha bhujAe~ haiM / saMvat 1226 meM nirmita prathama pratimA adhika pUrNa hai| isake hAtha meM viTapa, dhanuSa, aMkuza, pAza, akSasUtra ityAdi haiN| tIna hAtha khaNDita haiN| eka vRSabha nIce khar3A hai tathA anucara bhI pradarzita haiN| dvitIya pratimA 1226 saMvat kI hai| isakA sira nahIM hai, naSTa ho gayA hai| ina donoM pratimAoM ke payodhara pIna hone se grAmavAsI inheM 'bovAvArI mAtA' kahate haiN| aisI pratimAoM ko bhoja 'sustanI sustanA pratimA' kahatA hai. (zRgAra prakAza, pR0 265) / ujjaina ke digambara jaina saMgrahAlaya meM kula 516 pratimAeM saMgrahIta haiM jinameM se 56 lekhayukta haiN| AdinAtha yA RSabhanAtha kI 37 pratimAe~ prApta hotI haiM / ajitanAtha, saMbhavanAtha, abhinandananAtha, sumatinAtha, padmaprabha, suvidhinAtha, zAntinAtha,
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________________ 230 munidvaya abhinandana grantha muni suvratanAtha, neminAtha ke sAtha hI sarvAdhika pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra kI pratimAe~ haiN| padmAsana meM dhyAnastha pArzvanAtha kI eka sundara pratimA hai jisake donoM ora yakSa tathA yakSiNI haiM / inakI dehayaSTi AkarSaka hai| hAthI para rAjapuruSa, caMvaradhArI ityAdi haiM / yaha gunA se lAyI gayI hai| pratimA ko saptaphaNa chAyA kie haiN| pArzvanAtha kI yahA~ 64 pratimAe~ haiM / jaina deviyoM kI bhI yahA~ aneka sundara pratimAe~ haiN| badanAvara kI cakrezvarI pratimA apanI bhagnakAyA meM bhI advitIya hai| ina pratimAoM meM yakSa-yakSI, nAga, vRkSa ityAdi kA bhI manohara aMkana huA hai| paramAra yuga meM kalA evaM sAhitya ke marmajJa nRpoM kI mAlavA meM advitIya paramparA rahI hai jinameM mUrdhanya bhoja kA kalAbodha paravartI yuga meM bhI apamAna bana gayA-bodhe kalAnAM nava bhojarAjaH / isa bhoja ne aneka mandira tathA unameM pratimAe~ sthApita karavAIM jinakA abhijJAna asambhava ho rahA hai| kevala pUrvokta vAgdevI pratimA usake kalAbodha kA pramANa bana jAtI hai| bhoja apane zRgAra prakAza meM pratimA kI saumya kAyA ke sRjana para bala detA hai| vaha yaha bhI mAnatA hai ki aisI pratimA kI racanA sarala nahIM hai saumyA mUrtiH pratimAyA iti / aho du:khaM rUpaM lekhyasya / karuNApUrita aMkana bhI usa kAla meM kama AkarSaka nahIM hote the| pASANa para vAsudeva kA utkIrNana, pUrvokta sustanI pratimAoM kA ubhAra, bhitti para kAmadeva kI racanA evaM dhvaja para hanumAna kA Alekha.......sabakI ora bhoja kA saMketa huA hai / 12 (zRMgAra prakAza, pR0 204) / aise kalApArakhI rAjA kI racanA zRgAramaMjarI kathA meM bhI kalA sambandhI adbhuta sAmagrI bharI hai / DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ke anusAra kalAkoSa ke nirmANa meM isa kRti kA kama mahattva nahIM rahegA / aise bhoja tathA usakI rasika vaMzamAlA ke rAjyakAla meM yadi granthoM tathA bhavanoM ke samAna ananta-ananta AkarSaka mUrtiyAM bhI racI jAeM to koI Azcarya nahIM / punaH paramAra yuga to jainadharma ko bhI utanA hI Adara detA thA jitanA brAhmaNa dharma ko| usa kAla meM saba dharmoM ko samyak rAjyAzraya prApta thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa kAla meM saba dharmoM se sambaddha hara prakAra kI manohara mUrtiyoM kA sRjana huaa| yaha vaha kAla hai jaba itara pradezoM meM bhI mUrtikalA ke prati Akasmika apekSAbhAva AgayA thaa| yadyapi isa kAla meM anyatra bhI mUrti racanA huI para jisa mAtrA tathA jisa AkarSaNa se yukta mAlavA meM mUrtiyAM racI gyiiN| vaha na isase pUrva dikhAI detI hai evaM na bAda meN| bhAratIya mUrtikalA ko mAlavA ke dAya kA yaha saMkSipta sarvekSaNa vyakta karatA hai 11 mAlavA : eka sarvekSaNa, pR0 65 12 draSTavya-lekhaka kA lekha, bhoja kA kalAbodha, madhyapradeza sandeza, 7 jUna 1975 ____
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________________ prAcIna bhAratIya mUrtikalA ko mAlavA kI dena 231 ki zuMgakAla, guptakAla tathA paramArayuga meM mAlavA ne bhAratIyakalA kI jo Rddhi kI hai vaha upekSaNIya nahIM ho sktii| mUrtikalA ke vidizA, sAMcI tathA parita: kSetra, ujjayinI, dhArA evaM paritaH kSetra kendra rahe haiN| yahAM devatA evaM prakRti kA hI citraNa nahIM huA apitu rAjA evaM prajA ko eka sAtha bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai / sAMcI meM prajA evaM rAjA, sAdhanA aura zrama, rAjadharma tathA loka dharma kA jaisA samanvaya pAyA jAtA hai vaha anyatra saralatA se sulabha nahIM hai| pratimA-vijJAna kA saiddhAntika tathA vyAvahArika jo vikAsa yahA~ huA vaha paravartI kAla meM anya pradezoM ke lie bhI anukaraNIya rahA / bhoja ke yuga kI vAgdevI kI pratimA kA anukaraNa paravartIkAla meM bhI hotA rahA yadyapi anukartA usa stara taka saphalatA nahIM pA ske| svayaM bhoja ne samarAMgaNasUtradhAra meM mUrti viSayaka paryApta vivaraNa prastuta kara kalAvantoM ko usa ora prerita kiyA hai| 1 na jAne kyoM, zvetAmbara mUrtikalA kI ora lekhaka kI dRSTi nahIM jA sakI hai, jabaki kalA kI dRSTi se usakA bhI apanA viziSTa sthAna hai| -sampAdaka