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________________ tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI dharmatatva-dezanA Agama aura AgamAbhAsa kI paribhASA parIkSAmukhasUtra granthake tRtIya samuddeza meM AgamakI paribhASA nimna prakAra batalAyI gayI haiAptavacanAdinibandhanamarthajJAnamAgamaH | 3 - 99| artha- Apta ke vacana Adike AdhArapara jo padArtha-jJAna hameM hotA hai vaha Agama hai / sUtra meM 'vacana' zabda ke Age paThita 'Adi' zabdakA abhiprAya sUtrakI TIkA prameyaratnamAlAmeM aMguli Adike saMketoMke rUpameM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / ataH jisa prakAra Aptake vacanoMke AdhArapara hameM hone vAlA padArtha - jJAna Agama hai usI prakAra usakI aMgulyAdike saMketoMke AdhArapara hameM honevAlA padArtha - jJAna bhI Agama hai| yaha paribhASA bhAvAtmaka AgamakI hai / lekina sUtrakA yaha bhI Azaya hai ki hameM uparyukta prakArase honevAle jJAnarUpa bhAvAtmaka Agamake udbhava meM nimittabhUta Aptake vacanoM aura usakI aMguli Adike saMketoMko dravyAtmaka Agama jAnanA caahie| svAmI samantabhadrane vacanarUpa dravyAtmaka AgamakI ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM nimna likhita paribhASA batalAI hai AptopajJa manullaMghyamadRSTeSTa virodhakam / tattvopadezakRt sArva zAstraM kApathaghaTTanam ||9|| artha - zAstra ( vacanarUpa dravyAtmaka - Agama) vaha hai, jo Aptake dvArA kahA gayA ho, anya matoM dvArA akATya ho, dRSTa (pratyakSa ) aura iSTa (anumAna) dvArA abAdhita ho, tattva ( tathyAtmaka va satyAtmaka prayobhUta vastu) kA pratipAdaka ho, sampUrNa jIvoMke lie hitakara ho aura kumArga ( jIvoMke lie ahitakara mArga ) kA niSedha karane vAlA ho / svAmI samantabhadrane ukta paribhASAmeM AgamakA pratyakSa aura anumAnase samarthita honA na batalAkara jo " adRSTeSTavirodhakam" pada dvArA pratyakSa aura anumAnase abAdhita honA batalAyA hai, isakA abhiprAya yaha haiM ki Aptake vacanarUpa sampUrNa dravyAtmaka - AgamakA hamAre pratyakSa aura anumAnase alpajJa honeke kAraNa samarthita honA sambhava nahIM hai, lekina abAdhita honA avazya sambhava hai -- isa taraha Aptake vacanarUpa jo dravyAtmakaAgama hamAre pratyakSa aura anumAnase samarthita ho, vaha to Agama hai hI, lekina Aptake vacanarUpa jo dravyAtmakaAgama hamAre pratyakSa aura anumAnase abAdhita ho, use bhI Agama jAna lenA cAhie / parIkSAmukhasUtra granthake ukta sUtrameM va ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcArake ukta padyameM paThita 'Apta' zabdase yaha bhI nirNIta hotA hai ki puruSa Apta aura anAsa ke bhedase do prakAra ke hote haiM / unameMse Aptake vacana va usakI aMgula Adi saMketahI Agama haiM, anAptake vacana aura usakI aMguli Adike saMketa Agama nahIM haiM / ataH anAta ke vacana va usakI aMguli Adike saMketoMko AgamAbhAsa jAnanA cAhie / 1. AdizabdenAMgulyAdisaMjJAparigrahaH / 2. paranirapekSa (svataH siddha) vastusthitirUpa | 3. parasApekSa vastusthitirUpa /
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________________ 4 sarasvatI - varavaputra paM0 vaMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana grantha Apta aura anAptake lakSaNa svAmI samantabhadrane ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM hI AptakA lakSaNa nimna prakAra batalAyA haiAptenocchinnadoSeNa sarvajJenAgamezinA / bhavitavyaM niyogena nAnyathA hyAptatA bhavet // 5 // artha - jo apane sampUrNa doSoMko naSTa kara cukA ho, sarvajJa ho gayA ho aura dharma-mArgakA pravartaka bana cukA ho, use hI Apta jAnanA cAhie, kyoMki ina tIna guNoMka prakaTa hue binA AptatA sambhava nahIM hai / parIkSAmukhasUtra grantha ke uparyukta sUtrakI TIkA prameya ratnamAlA meM AptakA lakSaNa nimna prakAra nizcita kiyA gayA hai yo yatrAvaMcakaH sa tatrAptaH / artha- jo puruSa jisa viSaya meM avacaka hai arthAt dUsaroMke sAtha ugAI nahIM karatA hai, vaha puruSa usa viSaya meM Apta hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra aura prameyaratnamAlAke uparyukta uddharaNoMse yaha bAta nirNIta hoto hai ki sarvajJa to Apta hotA hI hai kyoMki vaha pUrNa vItarAgI ho jAnese sarvathA avaMcakavRtti ho jAtA hai / lekina alpajJa bhI yadi kisI viSaya meM avacakavRtti ho to use bhI usa viSayameM Apta jAnanA caahie| tAtparya yaha hai ki hitakara upadezakA nAma Agama hai aura jo hitakara upadeza detA hai vaha Apta hai / usa upadezakI hitakAritAkA AdhAra upadeza denevAle puruSakI avaMcaka vRtti hI huA karatI hai tathA avacakavRttikA nirNaya usameM (upadeza denevAle puruSa meM) pAI jAnevAlI vItarAgatA (niHsvArthavRtti) se hotA hai| ataH AptatAkA nirNaya puruSameM vidyamAna vItarAgatA (niHsvArthavRtti) ke AdhArapara hI karanA caahie| isa taraha sarvajJake sAtha alpajJa bhI AptakI koTi garbhita ho jAtA hai| ukta kathanase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki alpajJa bhI sarvajJakI taraha tabhI Apta ho sakatA hai jaba ki yaha avaMcaka vRtti ho| isakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki alpaza Apta aura anAptake bhedase do prakArake hote haiM / unameM se jo alpajJa apane meM yathAsambhava pAI jAnevAlI vItarAgatA (niHsvArtha vRtti) ke AdhArapara avaMcaka vRtti hote hai, ve Apta kahalAte haiM aura jo alpajJa apane meM pAI AnevAlI sarAgatA ( svArthapUrNa vRtti) ke AdhArapara vaMcakavRtti hote haiM, ve anApta kahalAte haiM / Agama aura AgamAbhAsakA pravartana Agama aura AgamAbhAsakA pravartana anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai, jisakA vivecana isa prakAra hai ki nizcayakAla ( svataH siddha kAlanAmA padArtha) nitya (anAdise ananta kAla taka rahanevAlA) hai| isa nizcaya kAlakI pudgala-paramANuke atyanta manda-gamanake AdhArapara vibhakta akhaNDa-vRttirUpa samaya aura yathAyogya samayoMke samUharUya AvalI, ghar3I, muhUrta ghaNTA prahara dina, saptAha, pakSa, mAsa, Rtu, ayana, varSa tathA varSAMka bhI samUha -- yaha saba vyavahArakAla hai / yadyapi ye saba nizcaya - kAlakI paryAe~ hai parantu inheM vyavahArakAla isalie kahate haiM ki inakA astitva mUlataH paravastubhUta pudgala-paramANuke atyanta manda gamanake AdhAra para niSpanna honese inameM parAvitatA pAI jAtI hai| 2 isa vyavahArakAlakA pravartana pravAharUpase anAdikAlase calA A rahA hai aura anantakAla taka calatA
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________________ 3 / dharma aura siddhAnta 5 jAyagA | AgamameM batalAyA gayA hai ki vyavahArakAlakA yaha pravartana ekake bAda eka kalpake rUpameM cala rahA hai / eka kalpakI maryAdA bIsa kor3Akor3I sAgara varSoMkI hai, jo ki asaMkhyAta varSaM pramANa hotI hai / , pratyeka kalpa bhI avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNIke rUpa meM apanA pravartana kiyA karatA hai| avasarpiNI vaha haiM, jisameM mAnava samAja apanI uccatama sthitiko eka-eka samayake AdhArapara dhIre-dhIre samApta kara kramazaH hInatama sthiti taka pahu~catA hai aura utsarpiNI vaha hai, jisameM mAnava samAja apanI hInatama sthitiko eka-eka samayake AdhArapara hI dhIre-dhIre samApta kara kramaza: uccatama sthiti taka pahu~catA hai| isa taraha avasarpiNIkA pravartana suSamA- suSama ( atyanta sukhamaya samaya) suSamA ( sukhamaya samaya), suSamA duHSamA (duHkha mizrita sukhamaya samaya), duHkhamA- suSamA ( sukha mathita duHsamaya samaya), duHSamA ( duHkhamaya samaya) aura duHSamAduHSamA (atyanta duHkhamaya samaya ) - ina chaha bhedoMke rUpameM tathA isake pazcAt utsarpiNIkA pravartana duHSamAduHpamA (atyanta duHkhamaya samaya), duHSamA ( duHkhamaya samaya), duHSamA- suSamA (sukhamizrita duHsamaya samaya), suSamA dudhamA (duHkhamizrita sukhamaya samaya), supamA ( sukhamaya samaya ) aura suSamA- suSamA ( atyanta sukhamaya samaya ) ina chaha bhedoMke rUpameM huA karatA hai / isase yaha niSkarSa nikalA ki kramazaH ekake bAda ekake rUpameM avasarpiNo aura utsarpiNIkA pravartana hote hue anAdise abataka ananta kalpakAla vyatIta ho cuke haiM tathA Age ina bIte hue kalpa- kAloMse anantaguNe kalpavAla vyatIta ho jAnepara bhI kAla-dravya ( nizcayakAla) kA astitva anAdinidhana hone se kalpakAloMkA pravartana kabhI samApta nahIM hogA / pratyeka kalpakAlakI avasarpiNIke caturya duHSamA suSamA bhAgameM aura pratyeka utsarpiNIke tRtIya duHSamA- suSamA bhAgameM saMsArI jIvoMke lie mokSa prApti ke sAdhanabhUta dharma tIrthakA pravartana karanevAle caubIsa mahApuruSa utpanna hote haiM, jinheM AgamameM 'torthaMkara' nAmase pukArA gayA hai| isa taraha anAdi kAlase abataka ananta tIrthaMkaroMkI ananta covIniyA~ ho cukI hai aura Age bhI satata tIrthaMkaroMkI cauvosiyoMke hone kA yahI krama calatA jAyagA / pratyeka tIrthaMkarane apane samaya meM apanI divyavANI ( divyadhvani ) dvArA jo dharmatIrthakA upadeza saMsArI jIvoMko diyA thA, use Agama meM 'dezanA nAmase pukArA gayA hai aura usa dezanAko tathA usa dezanAke AdhArapara gaNadhara Adi alpajJa AptoM dvArA grathita upadezako 'Agama' nAmase pukArA gayA hai / isa taraha kahanA cAhie ki AgamakA pravartana anAdi kAlase calA A rahA hai aura ananta kAlataka calatA jAyagA / yahI sthiti AgamAbhAsa ke pravartanakI samajhanA cAhie / vartamAna AgamakI AdhArabhUmi vartamAnakAla avasarpiNIkA paMcama bhAga duHSamAkAla hai / isase 2514 varSa pUrva isI avasarpiNIkA caturya bhAga duHkhamA suSamA kAla cala rahA thaa| usa samaya taka isa avasarpiNI meM honevAle caubIsa tIrthakaroM meM antima tokara bhagavAna mahAvIra isa bhAratabhUmipara vidyamAna the, jinhoMne apanI pUrva vItarAgatA aura sarvajJatAke AdhArapara jagat ke prANiyoMko hitakArI upadeza diyA thA, jise tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI dezanA kahate haiN| yadyapi tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI vANI Aja hameM upalabdha nahIM hai, phira bhI unakI vANIke AdhArapara uttarottara alpaza AptoM dvArA racita Agama vartamAna meM bhI upalabdha hai, jisake dvArA unakI ( tIrthaMkara mahAvorakI ) dezanAkI jhAMkI hameM vartamAna meM bhI upalabdha ho rahI hai| isa taraha kahanA cAhie ki vartamAna Agama yadyapi alpajJa AptoM dvArA racA gayA hai, parantu usakI AdhArabhUmi tIrthakara mahAvIrakI dezanA hI hai /
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________________ 6 sarasvatI varadaputra paM0 vaMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana grantha alpajJako Apta mAnane kA prayojana Upara kahA gayA hai ki vartamAnameM jitane kalyANakArI upadezake rUpameM Agama upalabdha hai vaha sAkSAt tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI vANI nahIM hai, alpajJa AptoMkI hI vANI hai / aba yadi alpajJoMko Apta nahIM mAnA jAtA to sarvajJa abhAva rahaneke kAraNa vartamAna meM kalyANakArI mArga samApta ho jaataa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki alpajJako Apta na mAnane para loka vyavahArakI cala rahI sampUrNa vyavasthA hI chinna-bhinna ho jaatii| tIsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki sarvajJakI sattA aura usake upadezakI prAmANikatAkA nirNaya hama alpajJa AptoM dvArA viracita Agamake AdhArapara hI to vartamAnameM kara sakate haiN| ataH alpajJako Apta na mAnane para sarvazakI sattA aura usake upadezakI prAmANikatA ke nirNaya ke lie AdhAra ho samApta ho jaataa| ye saba kAraNa haiM jisakI vajaha se alpajJako bhI Apta mAnanA anivArya ho jAtA hai| itanI bAta avazya hai aura jaisA ki pUrva meM batalAyA bhI jA cukA hai ki sarvajJakI AptatA to asaMdigdha hai kyoMki vaha pUrNa vItarAgI ho jAne se sarvathA avacaka vRtti ho jAtA hai parantu alpajJakI AptatAkA nirNaya usameM avadhaka vRttikA nirNaya ho jAnepara hI ho sakatA hai aisA jAnanA caahie| phira bhI jaise sarvajJakA upadeza jIvoMko hitakara honese Agama kahalAtA hai vaise hI alpajJa AptoMke upadezako bhI jIvoMko hitakara honese Agama mAnanA cAhie / sarvajJa se alpajJa - Aptake upadeza meM antara bhI hai yadyapi Upara yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra sarvajJakA upadeza jIvoMko hitakara honese Agama kahalAtA hai / usI prakAra alpajJa AptoMke upadezako bhI jIvoMko hitakara honese Agama mAnanA caahie| parantu sarvajJase alpajJa Aptake upadeza meM yaha antara bhI samajhanA cAhie ki jahA~ sarvajJakA upadeza usakI sarvajJatAke kAraNa hamAre pratyakSa aura anumAnase niyamataH samarthita yA abAdhita honese nirvivAda rUpase Agama kahalAtA hai, vahA~ alpajJa AptakA upadeza usakI alpajJatAke kAraNa jabataka hamAre pratyakSa aura anumAna se samarthita yA abAdhita rahegA tabhI taka vaha Agama kahalAvegA / isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki alpajJa AptakA koI upadeza yadi kAlAntara meM pratyakSa yA anumAnase bAdhita ho jAya, to use taba hamAre lie Agama na mAnane meM kaThinAI nahIM honA cAhie / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki candramAkI racanA aura bhUmitala se usakI dUrI jisa rUpameM Agama meM batalAyI gaI hai, usase vilakSaNa hI candramAkI racanA aura bhUmitalase usakI dUrI, utkarSaka eka sImA taka pahu~ce bhautika vijJAnane nirNIta kI hai, jise asvIkAra karanA sambhava nahIM hai, isaliye isa sambandhameM yahI mAnanA zreyaskara hai ki vartamAna Agamake racayitA Apta cU~ki alpajJa the, ataH tathyapUrNa sthitikA patA lagAne ke sAdhanoMkI kamIke kAraNa jaisA unakI samajhameM AyA vaisA pratipAdana candramAkI racanA aura bhUmitala se usakI dUrI AdikA usa samaya unhoMne varNana kiyA thA / isa pratipAdanako sarvajJa Aptake upadeza ke AdhArapara kiyA huA nahIM samajhanA caahie| kAraNa ki sarvajJake jJAnameM asaMkhya paramANuoMke piNDa svarUpa candramAkA pratyeka paramANu apanI pariNatiyoMke sAtha pRthak pRthak hI pratibhASita ho rahA hai, aisI dazAmeM usako una samasta paramANuoMkA candra piNDarUpase jJAna honA sambhava nahIM hai tathA zrutajJAnakA abhAva ho jAnese zrutajJAnako viSayabhUta candramAko bhUmitalase dUrI AdikA jJAna bhI sarvajJako sambhava nahIM hai, ataH nirNIta hotA hai ki ina bAtoMkA pratipAdana sarvajJa dvArA nahIM kiyA gayA hai / isakA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra hai ki sarvajJa svataH - siddha, anAdi-nidhana aura apanI-apanI svatantra sattAviziSTa pratyeka vastukA dRSTA aura jJAtA hai tathA pratyeka vastukI svapratyaya aura svaparapratyaya sabhI paryAe~
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________________ 3 / dharma aura siddhAnta 7 bhI vasturUpase usake darzana aura jJAnameM prati samaya pratibimbita aura pratibhAsita hotI haiM / do Adi vastuoMkA saMyoga yA bandha (mizraNa) unake darzana aura jJAnameM prativimbita aura pratibhAsita nahIM hotA hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki saMyukta athavA baddha (mizrita ) vastuoMkI akhaNDa ekarUpatA kadApi sambhava nahIM hai kyoMki eka vastu ke guNa-dharma kabhI dUsarI vastumeM praviSTa nahIM ho sakate haiM / jaise dvayaNuka do pudgala paramANuoMke bandha (mizraNa) se banA hai, parantu usameM pratyeka paramANu eka-dUsare paramANuke nimittase apanA-apanA pRthak-pRthak hI pariNamana kara rahA hai / donoM paramANuoMkA eka pariNamana nahIM ho rahA hai / ataH jaba do paramANu milakara eka pariNamana nahIM kara rahe haiM, to ve usa mile hue rUpa meM sarvajJake jJAnake viSaya kaise ho sakate haiM ? arthAt nahIM ho sakate haiM / isase siddha hotA hai ki sarvajJake darzana va jJAnameM dvayaNuka meM vidyamAna donoM paramANu ekadUsareke nimittase honevAle apane-apane pariNamanake sAtha tAdAtmyako prApta hote hue pRthak-pRthak hI pratibimbita aura pratibhAsita hote haiM / yahI bAta dvayaNukase Upara choTe-bar3e sabhI skandhoMke viSayameM jAna lenA cAhie / eka prazna yahA~ prazna upasthita hotA hai ki jaba candramAkI racanA aura usakI bhUmitalase dUrI AdikA tathyAtmaka (jaisA hai vaisA) jJAna alpajJa AptoMko nahIM thA to phira unhoMne unakA atathyAtmaka ( jaisA nahIM hai vaisA ) pratipAdana kyoM kiyA hai ? samAdhAna ukta praznakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki alpajJa AptoMne candramAkI racanA aura usakI bhUmitalase dUrI Adi kA tathyAtmaka pratipAdana kisI kaSAyavaza nahIM kiyA hai, kevala tathyAtmaka ( jaisA hai vaisA) pratipAdana ke lie sAdhanoM kI kamI hone ke kAraNa hI vaha atathyAtmaka (jaisA nahIM hai vaisA) pratipAdana jaisA samajha meM AyA vaisA prayojanabhUta samajhakara kiyA hai / isaliye inheM mithyAdRSTi yA mithyAjJAnI nahIM samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki gommaTasAra jIvakANDa meM yaha spaSTa likhA hai ki samyagdRSTi jIva tathyAtmaka vastukA zraddhAna to karatA hI hai| lekina sAdhanoM ke abhAva meM vaha atathyAtmaka vastuko bhI tathyAtmaka samajhakara usakA bhI zraddhAna karatA hai aura aisA zraddhAna karate hue bhI vaha midhyAdRSTi na hokara samyagdRSTi hI banA rahatA hai / itanA avazya hai ki yadi use kAlAntara meM apanI bhUla kiso prakAra samajha meM A jAve, phira bhI vaha usa atathyAtmaka pratipAdanako tathyAtmaka mAnane kA hI Agraha karatA hai to taba vaha samyagdRSTi na rahakara mithyAdRSTi hI ho jAtA hai / " isa taraha Aja bhautika vijJAna dvArA kiyA gayA candramAkI racanA va usakI bhUmitalase dUrI AdikA nirNaya alpajJa AptoM dvArA pratipAdita Agamase viparIta hote hue bhI yadi tathyAtmaka ho to use svIkAra karanemeM hameM saMkoca nahIM honA cAhie; kyoMki isase hamAre AdhyAtmika tattvajJAnako koI Thesa pahu~canekI sambhAvanA nahIM hai| eka bAta aura hai ki alpajJa AptoM dvArA loka-kalyANa bhAvanAse jAna-bUjhakara bhI atathyAtmaka vivecana kara diyA jAtA hai / jaise bhole bacce kI mA~ baccekI surakSAkI dRSTise kaha diyA karatI hai ki "beTA ! 1. sammAiTThI jIvo uvaiTuM pavayaNaM tu saddahRdi / sahadi asambhAvaM ajANamANo guruNiyogA // 27 // suttAdo taM sammaM darasijjaMtaM jadA Na saddahadi / so ceva havai micchAiTThI jIvo tado pahudi // 28 //
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________________ 8 : sarasvatI-varadaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-grantha sar3aka para nahIM jAnA, kyoMki vahA~ hauvA baiThA huA hai" to yaha kathana yadyapi atathyAtmaka hai, parantu bacceke prati kalyANa-bhAvanAkI dRSTise kahA jAneke kAraNa lokameM satya mAna liyA jAtA hai / isI taraha gAyakI surakSAkI dRSTise alpajJa AptoM dvArA kasAIko gAyake jAnekA sahI mArga na batalAyA jAkara jo galana mArga bhI batalA diyA jAtA hai, use bhI satyAtmaka lokameM mAna liyA jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki svAmI samantabhadra - ne ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM kisI prANIke lie vipattikAraka satya-vacanako bhI asatya aura hitakAraka asatya-vacanako bhI satya-vacana kahA hai| tathA saMkalpI hiMsAke samAna pApa hote hae bhI svapara-kalyANabhAvanAke AdhArapara kI gaI ArambhI hiMsAko yathAsthAna ucita batalAyA gayA hai| Agamake bheda aura unake lakSaNa vartamAnameM jitanA bhI Agama hai, use cAra bhAgoMmeM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai-1. dravyAnuyoga, 2. karaNAnuyoga, 3. caraNAnuyoga aura 4. prathamAnuyoga / 1. dravyAnuyoga vaha hai, jisameM adhyAtma (Atmahita) ko lakSyameM rakhakara vizvakI samasta vastuoMkI svatantra sattA, upayogitA aura unakI svapratyaya aura svaparapratyayaparyAyoMkA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA ho| isa anuyogase saMsArI prANi yoMke lie apanA lakSya nirdhArita karanemeM sahAyatA milatI hai| 2. karaNAnuyoga vaha hai, jisameM adhyAtma (Atmahita) ko lakSyameM rakhakara saMsArI prANiyoMkI pApa, puNya aura dharmamaya paryAyoM aura unake kAraNoMkA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa anuyogase saMsArI prANiyoMko apanI pApa, puNya aura dharmamaya paryAyoM va unake kAraNoMkA pari jJAna hotA hai| ___3. caraNAnuyoga vaha hai jisameM adhyAtma (Atmahita) ko lakSyameM rakhakara saMsArI prANiyoMko pApa, puNya aura dharmake mArgoMkA parijJAna karAyA gayA ho| isa anuyogase saMsArI prANiyoMmeM apane lakSyako pUrtike lie puruSArtha jAgrata hotA hai / 4. prathamAnuyoga vaha hai, jisameM adhyAtma (Atmahita) ko lakSyameM rakhakara tathyAtmaka (jaise hoM vaise) aura ApekSika satyatAko prApta prayojanabhata kathAnakoMke AdhArapara saMsArI prANiyoMko pApa, puNya aura dharmake phaloMkA digdarzana karAyA gayA ho| isa anyogase prANiyoMmeM apane lakSyakI pUtike mArgameM zraddhA ( ruci ) jAgRta hotI hai / adhyAtma (Atmahita) aura usakI prAptikA upAya kyA hai ? / zraddheya paM0 daulatarAmajIne chahaDhAlAke prathama padyameM adhyAtma (Atmahita) kA artha sukha batalAyA hai| aura prathama DhAlake prathama padyameM yaha batalAyA hai ki saMsArake sabhI anantAnanta jIva sukha cAhate haiM aura duHkhase Darate haiN| sukhaprAptikA sAdhana (mArga) svAmI samantabhadrakRta ratnakaraNDakathAvakAcArameM dharmako batalAyA hai| 1, ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, zloka 55 / 2. vahI, zloka 53 / 3. prathama caraNaM karaNaM dravyaM namaH (zAntipATha) va ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcArake padya 43, 44, 45, va 46 / 4. Atamako hita hai sukha ityAdi / 5. je tribhuvanameM jIva ananta, sukha cAheM duHkhateM bhayavanta / 6. dezayAmi samIcInaM dharma karmanirvahaNam / saMsAraduHkhataH satvAn yo dharatyuttame sukhe // 2 //
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________________ 3/dharma aura siddhAnta : 9 isalie kahanA cAhie ki tIrthakara mahAvIrakI dezanAkA mukhya uddezya bhI saMsArI prANiyoMko duHkhake janaka adharmase haTAkara sukhake janaka dharmakI ora mor3anA hI thA, jisakA pratipAdana caraNAnuyogameM kiyA gayA hai / dharma aura adharmakA svarUpa ___ dharma aura adharmakA svarUpa batalAneke pUrva isa sambandhameM lokako dRSTiko bhI samajha lenA Avazyaka hai, jo nimna prakAra hai : 1. prAyaH pratyeka manuSyakI dRSTimeM vahI sampradAya zreSTha hai, jisameM vaha paidA huA hai, vahI darzana satya hai jise vaha mAnatA hai aura usI kriyAkANDase svarga yA mokSa prApta ho sakatA hai, jo use kula-paramparAse prApta hai| isake atirikta zeSa sabhI sampradAya nimna koTike, sabhI darzana asatya aura sabhI kriyAkANDa ADambara mAtra haiN| isa taraha lokakA prAyaH pratyeka manuSya isI AdhArapara apaneko dharmAtmA aura dusaroMko adharmAtmA mAna rahA hai| 2. lokameM dharmAtmA vyaktike lie Astika aura adharmAtmA vyaktike lie nAstika zabdoMkA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai aura ina donoM zabdoMkI vyutpatti vyAkaraNarameM nimna prakArakI gaI hai asti paraloke matiryasya sa AstikaH, nAsti paraloke matiryasya sa nAstikaH / arthAt jo paralokako mAnatA hai, vaha dharmAtmA hai aura jo paralokako nahIM mAnatA hai vaha adharmAtmA hai| vAstavameM dekhA jAya to dharma aura adharmakI ye vyAkhyAe~ pUrNataH sahI na hokara ye vyAkhyAe~ hI pUrNataH sahI haiM ki lokameM jisa mArga para calanese abhyudaya (zAnti) aura antameM niHzreyasa (mukti arthAt AtmasvAtantrya) prApta ho sakatA hai, vaha to dharma hai aura jo loka tathA paraloka sarvatra duHkhakA kAraNa ho vaha adharma hai / tIrthakara mahAvIrakI dezanAmeM isa bAtako lakSya meM rakhakara hI caraNAnuyogameM pratipAdita dharmake daza bheda svIkAra kie gae haiN| dharmake daza bheda aura unakA svarUpa kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, satya, zauca, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya aura brahmacarya ye dharmake daza bheda hai| jIvana meM kramika-vikAsake AdhArapara hI tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI dezanAmeM dharmakI yaha daza saMkhyA nizcita kI gayI hai / Age inakA pRthak-pRthak vikAsa-kramake AdhArapara svarUpa-vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai| 1 kSamA-kabhI krodhAvezameM nahIM AnA, kabhI kisIko kaSTa nahIM paha~cAnA, kabhI kisIke sAtha gAlI-galauja yA mAra-pITa nahIM karanA tathA sabake sAtha sadA sahiSNutAkA bartAva krnaa| 2. mArdava-kabhI ahaMkAra nahIM karanA, kabhI kisIko apamAnita nahIM karanA, sabake sAtha sadA samAnatAkA vyavahAra karanA aura manameM kabhI pratiSThAkI cAha nahIM krnaa| 3. Arjava-kabhI kisIke sAtha chala-kapaTa nahIM karanA, kama dekara adhika lene aura asalI vastumeM nakalI vastu denekA kabhI prayatna nahIM karanA-isa taraha apane jIvanako lokakA vizvAsapAtra banA lenaa| 4. satya-sabake sAtha sadA sahAnubhUti aura sahRdayatAkA vyavahAra karanA, hita, mita aura priya 1. tattvArthasUtra 9 / 6 /
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________________ 10 : sarasvatI-varadaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-prantha vacana bolanA, AvazyakatAnusAra dUsaroMkI yathAzakti tana, mana aura dhanase sahAyatA karanA tathA jIvanake lie upayogI kauTumbika, sAmAjika, rASTrIya, mAnavocita aura sAMskRtika-saMrakSaNakA pUrA-pUrA prayatna krnaa| 5. zauca-apane jIvanakI surakSA aura zAntike lie kuTumba, samAja, nagara, rASTra, vizva aura saMskRtike saMrakSaNakA pUrA-pUrA prayatna karate hue jIvana-rakSAmeM upayogI sAdhanoMke saMgraha aura upayogakA yathocita dhyAna rakhanA arthAt na to jIvana rakSAke lie parAzrita-vRtti apanAnA aura na upayogameM kaMjUsI krnaa| 6. saMyama-apane jIvanakI surakSAmeM sAdhana-bhUta sAmagrIke saMgraha aura upayogameM kuTumba, samAja, nagara, rASTra, vizva aura saMskRtike saMrakSaNakA pUrA-pUrA dhyAna rakhate hue apanI AvazyakatAoM aura apane adhikAroMkI sImA nirdhArita karanA aura anAvazyaka, prakRti-viruddha, saMskRti-viruddha aura loka-viruddha evaM adhikArake bAhara upayoga nahIM karanA--isa prakAra jIvanameM sAdagI banA lenaa| 7. tapa-bAhya prayatnoM dvArA zarIrako Atmanirbhara banAnekA prayatna karanA tathA antaraMga prayatnoM dvArA AtmAkI svAlavambana zaktiko jAgRta karanA-isa prakAra jIvana kI vartamAna AvazyakatAoMko kama krnaa| 8. tyAga-bAhya-prayatnoM dvArA uttarottara vRddhiMgata zarIrakI AtmanirbharatA aura antaraMga-prayatnoM dvArA uttarottara vaddhigata AtmAkI svAvalambanazaktike anurUpa bhogasAmagrIke saMgraha aura upabhogameM dhIredhIre yathAyogya kramase kamI karate jAnA arthAta jIvanarakSAkI sAdhanabhata upayoga-sAmagrIkA dhIre-dhIre yathAkramase yathAzakti tyAga karanA / 9. AkiMcanya-uparyukta donoM prakArake prayatnoM dvArA hI uttarottara vRddhigata zarIrakI AtmanirbharatA va AtmAkI svAvalambana-zaktike anurUpa jIvana-rakSAkI sAdhanabhUta upabhoga-sAmagrIke avalambanako yathokta krama se kama karate-karate antameM akiMcana ( nagna, digambara-madrAdhArI banakara mokSa (AtmasvAtantrya ) kI pUrNatA prApta karane ke lie gRhavAsako chor3akara banavAsI ho jaanaa| 10. brahmacarya-uparyukta donoM prakArake prayatnoM dvArA uttarottara vRddhiMgata zarIrakI Atma-nirbharatA aura AtmAkI svAlambana-zaktike AdhArapara hI bhUkha, pyAsa, roga Adi zArIrika bAdhAoMke pUrNataH naSTa ho jAne ( zarIrake pUrNarUpase Atmanirbhara ho jAne ), tathA AtmAkI svAlambana, zaktikA carama-vikAsa ho jAnepara AtmAke svabhAvabhUta ananta-catuSTaya (asImita-darzana, asImita-jJAna asImita-vIrya aura asImitasukha ) kA udbhava ho jAneke pazcAt yathAsamaya AyukI samApti ho jAnepara saMsAra ( zarIrake sAtha AtmAke vidyamAna sambandha ) kA sarvathA viccheda ho jAnA aura taba Age anantakAlataka AtmAkA apane svatantrasvarUpa meM hI ramaNa karate rhnaa| isa prakAra daza dharmoke svarUpakA Agamake AdhArapara jo yaha digdarzana karAyA gayA hai, vaha mAnavajIvanameM dharmake kramika-vikAsako batalAtA hai tathA isase tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI dezanAmeM pratipAdita dharmakA svarUpa aura usakA prArambhika va sarvotkRSTa rUpa saralatAse samajhameM A jAtA hai| 1. tattvArthasUtra 9 / 16 / 2. tattvArthasUtra 9 / 20 /
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________________ 3 / dharma aura siddhAnta : 11 ukta daza-dharmoMkA vargIkaraNa pUrva meM svAmI samantabhadrakRta ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcArake anusAra dharmako sukhakA kAraNa batalAyA gayA hai / dharma aura sukhakA yaha kArya-kAraNabhAva dIpaka aura prakAzakI taraha sahabhAvI hai / arthAt jisa prakAra jahA~ dIpaka hai vahA~ prakAza avazya rahatA hai aura jahA~ dIpaka nahIM hai vahA~ prakAza bhI nahIM rahatA hai / isI prakAra jahA~ dharma hogA vahA~ sukha avazya hogA aura jahA~ dharma nahIM hogA vahA~ sukha bhI nahIM hogaa| pUrvameM dharmakA jo yaha svarUpa nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai ki lokameM jisa mArgapara calanese abhyudaya ( jIvana meM sukha zAnti ) aura antameM niHzreyasa (makti arthAt AtmasvAtantrya ) prApta ho sakatA hai, vaha dharma hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki sukha do prakArakA hotA hai--eka to abhyudaya arthAt laukika-jIvanameM zAntirUpa sukha aura dUsarA niHzreyasa arthAt mukti yA Atma-svAtantryarUpa pAramArthika-sukha / isake AdhArapara dharma bhI mUlataH do bhedoMmeM vibhakta ho jAtA hai-eka to abhyadaya arthAt laukika-jIvanameM zAntirUpa sukhakA kAraNabhUta laukika-dharma aura dUsarA niHzreyasa arthAt mukti yA Atma-svAtantryarUpa pAramArthika-sukhakA kAraNabhUta pAramArthika-dharma / jo manuSya ukta pAramArthika-sukhako prApta karanA cAhatA hai, use to pAramArthika-dharmakI zaraNameM hI jAnA hogA, lekina jo manuSya pAramArthika-dharmakI zaraNa meM apanI azaktivaza nahIM jA sakatA hai, use kama-se-kama apane laukikajIvanameM zAntirUpa sukhakI prAptike lie laukika-dharmakI zaraNa meM jAnA Avazyaka hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki manuSyakA mukhya kartavya to pAramArthika sukhako prAptike lie pAramArthika-dharma para calanA hI hai, lekina jo manuSya pAramArthika-dharmapara calane meM asamartha hai, use kama-se-kama laukika-jIvanameM sukha-zAntike uddezyase laukika-dharmapara avazya hI calanA cAhie / tIrthakara mahAvIrakI dezanAmeM jo dharmake uparyukta daza bheda batalAe gae haiM, ve isI Azayase batalAe gae haiN| isalie una daza dharmoM ke do varga nizcita ho jAte hai-eka to laukikadharmokA varga aura dusarA pAramArthika-dharmoMkA varga / kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, satya, zauca aura saMyama ye chaha dharma to laukika-dharma kahalAne yogya haiM aura tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya aura brahmacarya ye cAra dharma pAramArthika-dharma kahalAne yogya haiN| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki pAramAthika-sukhakI prAptike lie jisa prakAra tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya aura brahmacarya rUpa pAramArthika-dharmoMkA mAnava-jIvana meM mahatva hai, usI prakAra laukika-jIvana meM sukha zAnti prApta karaneke lie kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, satya, zauca evaM saMyama rUpa laukika-dharmo kA bhI mAnava-jIvana meM mahatva hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki dharmake ullikhita donoM vargoM ko mAnavakI bahattara kalAoMmeMse pradhAna kalAke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| dharmoMke kramika-vikAsakI dRSTise eka bAta yaha bhI spaSTa hotI hai ki mAnavajIvanameM jaba taka ukta laukika dharmo kA samAveza nahIM hotA, taba taka usameM ukta pAramArthika-dharmoM kA vikAsa honA asambhava hI hai| mAnava jIvanameM laukika-dharmoke mahattvakA kAraNa mAnava jIvanameM laukika-dharmoke mahattvakA uparyukta eka kAraNa to yahI hai ki jaba taka mAnava-jIvanameM laukika dharmokA samAveza nahIM hogA, taba taka usameM pAramArthika dharmokA vikAsa honA asambhava hai, lekina sAmAnyarUpase mAnava-jIvanameM laukika-dharmo kA mahattva isalie hai ki tIrthaMkarakI dezanAke anusAra pratyeka saprANa zarIrameM usa zarIrase atirikta jIvakA astitva hai / itanA hI nahIM, vaha jIva zarIrake sAtha itanA ghulA-milA hai ki zarIrake astitvake sAtha hI usakA astitva use samajhameM AtA hai, usake binA nhiiN| jIvake bhItara jo jJAna karanekI zakti hai vaha bhI zarIrako aMgabhUta indriyoMke sahayogake binA paMgu banI rahato 1. kalA bahattara puruSakI tAmeM do saradAra / eka jIvakI jIvikA dvitIya jIva uddhAra //
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________________ 12 : sarasvatI-varavaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana grantha hai aura yaha bhI bAta hai ki jIna zarIrake itanA adhIna ho rahA hai ki usake jIvanakI sthiratA zarIrakI svAsthyamaya sthiratApara avalambita hai / jIvakI zarIrAvalambanatAkA yaha bhI eka vicitra kintu tathyapUrNa anubhava hai ki yadi zarIra meM zithilatA Adi vikAra paidA ho jAte haiM, to jIvako kleza hotA hai aura jaba una vikAroMke nAzake anukUla sAdhanoMkA sahayoga use prApta ho jAtA hai, to una vikAroMkA nAza ho jAnepara jIvako sukhAnubhava hone lagatA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki yadyapi ve sAdhana apanA prabhAva zarIrapara hI DAlate haiM, parantu zarIrakI adhInatAke kAraNa sukhAnubhoktA jIva hotA hai / aba yadi yaha kathana manuSyake Upara lAgU kiyA jAya to samajha meM A jAyagA ki mAnava prANI bhI zarIra ke adhIna hai aura usakA vaha zarIra bhI bhojanAdikake adhIna hai / isIlie pratyeka manuSya bhojanAdika ke upabhoga meM pravRtta hotA hai / pratyeka manuSyako bhojanAdikakI prApti anya manuSyoMke sahayogase hI hotI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane "parasparopagraho jIvAnAm" (ta0 sU0 5 / 21 ) kA siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA thA / vaise to yaha siddhAnta sampUrNa saMsArI jIvoMpara lAgU hotA hai, parantu mAnava jIvanameM to isakI vAstavikatA spaSTa parilakSita hotI hai aura isIlie manuSyako sAmAjika prANI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jisakA artha yaha hai, ki pratyeka manuSyako apane jIvana meM sukha prApta karaneke lie kuTumba, nagara, rASTra aura yahA~ taka ki vizva sahayogakI AvazyakatA hai / isakA niSkarSa yaha hai ki pratyeka manuSyako apane jIvana meM sukha prApta karane ke lie kuTumba, nagara, rASTra aura vizvake rUpameM mAnava saMgaThana ke choTe-bar3e jitane rUpa ho sakate haiM, una sabako Thosa rUpa denekA satat prayatna karate rahanA cAhie / isalie tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI dezanA meM pratyeka manuSyako sarvaprathama upadeza diyA gayA hai ki "AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na samAcaret" arthAt dUsaroMkA jo AcaraNa usako apane pratikUla jAna par3atA hai vaisA AcaraNa usako dUsaroMke sAtha nahIM karanA cAhie, itanA hI nahIM, dUsaroMse apane prati vaha jaisA AcaraNa cAhatA hai, vaisA hI AcaraNa use dUsaroMke sAtha bhI karanA cAhie / vAstava meM dekhA jAya to vartamAnameM pratyeka manuSyakI yaha dazA hai ki vaha dUsaroMko nirapekSa bhAvase sahayoga deneke lie to taiyAra hI nahIM hotA hai, parantu apanI prayojana-siddhi ke lie vaha na kevala dUsaroMse nirapekSa-sahayoga prApta karanekA satat prayatna karatA rahatA hai, pratyuta dUsaroMke sAtha saMgharSa karane, unheM tiraskRta karane aura unheM dhokhemeM DAlanese bhI nahIM cUkatA hai / itanA hI nahIM, pratyeka manuSyakA yaha svabhAva banA huA hai ki vaha apanA prayojana rahate athavA na rahate bhI dUsaroMke sAtha hamezA anucita AcaraNa karanemeM Anandita hotA hai / tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake samayameM bhI mAnava samAjakI yahI dazA thI aura unhoMne jAnA thA ki yaha dazA mAnava samAjako vighaTita karake pratyeka manuSya ke jIvanako trasta karanevAlI hai, ataH unhoMne apanI dezanAmeM yaha siddhAnta prasthApita kiyA thA ki mAnava jIvanameM zAnti sthApanAkI rIr3ha sAmAjika saMgaThanako sudRr3ha karaneke lie pratyeka manuSyako dUsare manuSyoMke sAtha, pratyeka kuTumbako dUsare kuTumboMke sAtha, pratyeka nagarako anya nagaroMke sAtha aura pratyeka rASTrako anya sabhI rASTroMke sAtha apanA prayojana rahate na rahate kabhI bhI anucita AcaraNa nahIM karanA caahie| itanA hI nahIM, AvazyakatA par3anepara sabhIko sabhIke sAtha nirapekSa bhAvase satat sahAyakapanekA AcaraNa karate rahanA cAhie / tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI dezanAmeM to yajJoMmeM dharmake nAmapara honevAle pazuoMkI rakSAke anukUla janamata jAgRta karaneke liye yahA~ taka kahA gayA thA ki jaba prANImAtra eka- dUsare prANIkA upakAraka hai to pratyeka
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________________ 3 / dharma aura siddhAnta : 13 manuSyako satat "satveSu maitrI vAlA pATha yAda rakhanA cAhie aura dUsaroMke sAtha pUrvokta svarUpavAle kSamA, mArdava, Arjava tathA satya dharmoke rUpameM hI apanA pavitra AcaraNa banA lenA caahie| isa taraha pratyeka manuSya, pratyeka kuTumba, pratyeka nagara aura pratyeka rASTra arthAt vizvakA mAnavamAtra jaba tIrthaMkara mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa pUrvokta svarUpavAle kSamA, mArdava, Arjava aura satya dharmamaya apanA jIvana banA le tabhI vaha apaneko mAnava yA sabhya kahalAne kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai tathA vizvameM saccI ahiMsAkA prasAra bhI isI AdhArapara ho sakatA hai aura mAnava-jIvana meM isI AdhArapara sukha-zAntikI lahara daur3a sakatI hai / Upara manuSyake sAmAjika-jIvanakI jhA~kI batalAyI gayI hai| isake atirikta manuSyako jIvanameM sukhI bananeke lie apane vyaktigata jIvanako bhI dharmamaya banAnA hogaa| arthAt lokameM bahutase manuSya aise dekhane meM Ate haiM ki ve lobhake vazIbhUta hokara sampattike saMgrahameM jitanA Ananda lete haiM, utanA Ananda ve usake upabhogameM nahIM lete, yahA~ taka ki ve apane zarIrakI AvazyakatAoMkI pUrti meM bhI bar3I kaMjUsIke sAtha kAma lete hai| isI taraha lokameM bahutase manuSya aise dekhane meM Ate haiM ki ve lolupatAvaza pA~coM indriyoMke viSayoMkA AvazyakatAse adhika upabhoga karate hue bhI kabhI tRpta nahIM hote| bAta to vAstavameM yaha hai ki bhojanAdi padArtha manuSyako manasantuSTi ke lie bilakula upayogI nahIM hai, kevala zarIrake lie hI ve upayogI siddha hote hai, phira bhI manuSya apane manake vazIbhUta hokara aisA bhojana karanese nahIM cUkatA, jo usakI zArIrika prakRtike bilakula pratikUla par3atA hai| isI prakAra vastra yA anya sabhI upayogameM AnevAlI vastuoMke viSayameM prAyaH pratyeka manuSya jitanI mAnasika anukUlatAkI bAta socatA hai, utanI zArIrika anukUlatAkI bAta vaha kabhI nahIM socatA hai| aisA karanese manuSyake jIvanakA hrAsa to hotA hI hai, parantu sAtha hI usake isa AcaraNakA mAnava-samAjake Upara bhI pratikUla prabhAva par3atA hai / isalie tIrthakara mahAvIrake upadezameM yaha bAta batalAyI gayI hai ki bhojana Adi bAhya-sAmagrI jIvanake lie bar3I upayogI hai / ataH manuSyako usakA jIvana meM upayoga to karanA cAhie, lekina usakA durupayoga na ho-isa bAtakA bhI use pUrA-pUrA dhyAna rakhanA caahie| isa taraha pratyeka manuSyako uparyukta kSamA, mArdava, Arjava aura satya dharmoke sAtha hI saMgrahavRttiko samApta karanevAle zauca-dharma tathA vilAsapUrNa-vRttiko samApta karanevAle saMyama-dharmakA avalambana apane jIvanameM avazya lenA caahie| vAstavameM vicAra kiyA jAya to loka-zAnti aura jIvana-zAntike lie kSamA, mArdava Ajava. satya. zauca aura saMyama ye chaha dharma hai| isalie jabataka mAnava-samAja inake mahattvako na samajhakara inakI upekSA karatA rahegA, tabataka usake jIvana meM kuTumbameM, nagarameM, rASTrameM aura vizvameM kabhI bhI zAnti sthApita nahIM ho sakatI, aura na koI bhI manuSya pAramArthika sukhake kAraNabhUta pAramArthika dharmakI ora hI vAstavika rUpameM agrasara ho sakatA hai| pAramArthika dharmoko mokSa-kAraNatA Upara batalAyA gayA hai ki pAramArthika dharma niHzreyasa arthAt makti yA AtmasvAtantryarUpa pAramArthika sUkhake kAraNa hai aura yaha bhI batalAyA gayA hai ki mAnava-jIvanameM jabataka uparyukta laukika-dharmokA samAveza nahIM hogA, tabataka usameM ukta pAramArthika dharmokA vikAsa honA sambhava nahIM hai / arthAt uparyukta prakAra 1. satveSu maitrI guNiSu pramodaM kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpAparatvam / mAdhyasthyabhAvaM viparotavRttau sadA mamAtmA vidadhAtu deva ||-saamaayik pATha /
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________________ 14 : sarasvatI - varadaputra paM0 vaMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana grantha laukika dharmopara calanevAlA mAnava jaba zArIrika aura aihika dRSTise sukhI ho jAtA hai, tabhI vaha yaha socaneke lie sakSama hotA hai ki merA jIvana zarIrake adhIna hai aura zarIrakI sthiratA ke lie mujhe bhojana, vastra, AvAsa aura inakI pUrti ke lie kuTumba, nagara, rASTra tathA vizva takakA sahArA lenA par3atA hai / isa taraha maiM mAnava-saMgaThanake vizAla- jAla meM pha~sA huA hU~ / aisI sthiti meM vaha apanA bhAvI karttavyakA mArga isa prakAra nizcita karatA hai ki jisase vaha zarIra bandhana se chuTakArA pA ske| usake usa karttavya mArgako tIrthakara mahAvIrakI dezanAmeM isa prakAra batalAyA gayA hai ki sarva prathama use anazana Adi pUrvokta bAhya prayatnoM (tapoM) dvArA zarIrameM Atma-nirbharatA lAnekA va prAyazcita Adi pUrvokta antaraMga prayatnoM (tapoM) dvArA AtmAmeM svAvalambanatA lAnekA puruSArtha karanA cAhie tathA ina bahiraMga aura antaraMga prayatnoMke AdhArapara hI jaisI - jaisI zarIrakI AtmanirbharatA aura AtmAkI svAvalambanatA bar3hatI jAe, usake AdhArapara use bAhya-padArthAM avalambanako chor3ane rUpa tyAga dharma (aNuvrata Adi zrAvaka dharma) aura isake bhI Age AkiMcanya dharma (mahAvrata Adi muni-dharma) ko aMgIkAra kara lenA cAhie / isa tarahakA puruSArtha use tabataka karate rahanA cAhie, jabataka ki usakA zarIra pUrNaM Atmanirbhara na ho jAve aura AtmA pUrNa svAvalambI na bana jAve / zarIrake pUrNa Atmanirbhara ho jAne aura AtmAke pUrNa svAvalambI bana jAnepara vaha sarva prathama jIvanmukta paramAtmA banatA hai aura antameM vaha zarIrase sarvathA sambandha viccheda kara lenepara brahmacaryakA dhAraka ( AtmalIna paramAtmA ) bana jAtA hai arthAt niHzreyasa ( mukti yA AtmasvAtantrya) ko prAptakara pAramArthika sukhakA bhoktA paramAtmA bana jAtA hai aura vaha sarvadA ajara va amara banA rahatA hai / tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI dezanAmeM upadiSTa dharmatattvakA yaha vivecana Agamake eka bheda caraNAnuyogake AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake dharmatattvako samajhane ke lie hameM caraNAnuyoga hI eka sahArA hai / caraNAnuyogameM dharmatattvako samajhane ke lie yadyapi aura bhI kaI prakAra batalAe gae haiM, parantu ve saba prakAra bhI dharmatattvako uparyukta rUpameM hI pradarzita karate haiM / yathA--- 1. mithyAdarzana ( sukha kI abhilASAse duHkhake kAraNoMmeM ruci rakhanA), mithyAjJAna ( duHkhake kAraNoMko sukhake kAraNa samajhanA) aura mithyAcAritra ( sukhakI prApti ke lie duHkhajanaka pravRtti karanA) yaha saba adharma haiM tathA inake ThIka viparIta arthAt samyagdarzana ( sukhakI abhilASAse sukhake kAraNoMmeM hI ruci rakhanA ), samyagjJAna (sukhake kAraNoM ko hI sukhake kAraNa samajhanA) aura samyakcAritra ( sukha prApti ke lie sukhake hI kAraNoM meM pravRtta honA) yaha saba dharma hai / ' 2. hiMsA karanA, jhUTha bolanA, corI karanA, bhogavilAsame jIvana bitAnA aura dhanAdikake saMgrahako hI jIvanakA lakSya banA lenA -- yaha saba adharma hai tathA isa prakArakI pravRttiyoMko jIvanase nikAla denA-yaha saba dharma hai / 2 3. dhArmika pravRtti (dharmapuruSArtha ), Arthika pravRtti ( artha puruSArthaM ) aura bhoga meM pravRtti ( kAma puruSArthaM ) inakA jIvanameM samanvaya nahIM karanA adharma hai tathA inakA jIvanameM samanvaya karate hue antameM kevala dharmapuruSArtha - para ArUr3ha ho jAnA arthAt mokSapuruSArthamaya jIvanako banA lenA dharma hai / pahale prakAra meM jo samyagdarzanAdikako dharma kahA gayA hai, unameMse samyagdarzanakA antarbhAva to kSamA, 1. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, zloka 3 / 2. hiMsA'nRtasteyAbrahmaparigrahebhyo virativratam / - tattvArthasUtra 719 /
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________________ 3 / dharma aura siddhAnta : 15 mArdava, satya, zauca aura saMyama dharmoM meM ho jAtA hai, kyoMki koI bhI manuSya jabataka apane jIvana meM ina chaha dharmoMko sthAna nahIM degA taba taka samyagdRSTi trikAlameM nahIM ho sakatA hai| isakA bhI kAraNa yaha hai ki samyagdRSTiko vRtti aura pravRtti kabhI anyAya, atyAcAra Adi ucchRkhalatAoMko lie hue nahIM ho sakatI hai aura yadi isa tarahakI vatti aura pravatti kisIkI hotI hai to vaha samyagdaSTi nahIM ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra samyakacAritrakA antarbhAva tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya aura brahmacarya dharmoMmeM ho jAtA hai / jaisA ki ina dharmoke pUrvameM kie gae svarUpa-vivecanase spaSTa ho jAtA hai / samyagjJAnake sambandha meM yadi vicAra kiyA jAe to kahA jA sakatA hai ki jJAna apane ApameM na to dharma hai aura na adharma hai, isalie jaba taka usakA sambandha mithyAdarzana aura mithyAcAritrase rahatA hai taba taka to usakA antarbhAva adharma meM hotA aura jaba usakA sambandha samyagdarzana aura samyakacAritrase ho jAtA hai taba usakA antarbhAva dharma meM ho jAtA hai| dUsare prakArameM jo ahiMsAdikako dharma kahA gayA hai unakA samAveza kSamA Adi dharmoM meM nimna prakAra hotA hai| ahiMsA aura acaurya ye donoM nivRttiparaka dharma hai kyoMki hiMsAse nivRtti ahiMsA, aura corIse nivatti acaurya kahalAtA hai| dUsaroMke lie apriya vacana bolanA athavA badha, bandhana, tAr3ana, chedana, bhedana Adi kriyAoM dvArA kaSTa paha~cAnA hiMsA hai, ataH ina sabase nivRtti svarUpa ahiMsAkA samAveza kSamAdharmameM hotA hai| isI prakAra dUsaroMkI vastuoMko unakI AjJAke binA apanI banA lenA corI hai| yaha corI apane ApameM adharma na hokara dUsaroMko kaSTa pahu~cAne rUpa hiMsAkA kAraNa honese hI adhamaM hai ataH kAraNameM kAryakA upacAra honese corI bhI eka tarahase hiMsAkA hI rUpa siddha hotI hai, isalie corose nivRttirUpa acauryadharmakA samAveza bhI kSamAdharmameM ho jAtA hai / tathA yadi aura bArIkIse ahiMsA va acauryakA vizleSaNa kiyA jAya to ahiMsAkA samAveza kSamAke sAtha-sAtha mArdavadharma meM hotA hai, kAraNa ki apriya vacana bolanekA artha dUsaroMkA tiraskAra karanA hI to hai ataH dUsaroMkA tiraskAra nahIM karane rUpa ahiMsAkA samAveza mArdavadharmameM bhI ho jAtA hai / isI taraha acaurya dharmakA samAveza Arjava dharmameM karanA ucita hai kAraNa ki chala-kapaTa karanA corIkA hI rUpAntara hai| satya dharma pravRttiparaka dharma hai / lokameM dUsaroMko kaSTa nahIM pahu~cAnA, inakA tiraskAra nahIM karanA aura unheM dhokhemeM nahIM DAlanA-yaha to dharma hai hI, parantu ahiMsA aura acaurya dharmokI sImA kevala isa tarahake adharmase nivRtti rUpameM hI nahIM samApta ho jAtI hai pratyuta isa nivRttike Age inakA kucha pravRttiparaka rUpa bhI hotA hai| isaliye ukta prakArase ahiMsA aura acauryavRttike dhAraka manuSyako tIrthakara mahAvIrakI meM yaha upadeza diyA gayA hai ki dUsaroMke prati hita-mita-priya vacana bolo, unake sAtha sahAnubhati aura sahRdayatAkA vyavahAra bhI karo tathA AvazyakatAnusAra unheM yathAzakti tana-mana-dhanase sahAyatA bhI phuNcaao| isa taraha ahiMsAdi pA~ca dharmoM meM samAviSTa satya-dharma aura kSamA Adi daza dharmoM meM samAviSTa satya dharma-ina donoMmeM koI antara nahIM raha jAtA hai / ye ahiMsA Adi tIna dharma aura kSamA Adi cAra dharma laukika dharma hI haiM, kAraNa ki ye sabhI mAnava-saMgaThanakI sthiratAke AdhAra hai| 'kuzIla' zabdakA laukika dRSTise artha hotA hai para vastuoMkA jovanako hAnikara evaM amaryAdita hokara upabhoga karanA, isalie isase viparIta arthaka bodhaka brahmacarya dharmakA samAveza saMyama dharmameM hotA hai / parantu yahA~ para itanA aura dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki pAramArthika dharmakI ora bar3hane vAle manuSyake lie jo upabhoga Aja Avazyaka hai, kala vaha use anAvazyaka bhI ho jAtA hai / ataH aise anAvazyaka upabhogakA tyAga
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________________ 16 : sarasvatI - varadaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana grantha dharma meM aura antatogatvA AkiMcanya dharmameM samAviSTa hotA hai / lokameM aura dharmagranthoMme brahmacarya dharmakA jo para-puruSa yA para-strI-ramaNakA tyAga athavA Age svapuruSa aura svastrI - ramaNakA bhI tyAga artha kiyA jAtA hai| vaha yadyapi mithyA nahIM hai parantu vaha apUrNa avazya hai, kAraNa ki manake vazIbhUta hokara athavA zArIrika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie jitanA para vastuoMkA avalambana jIvanameM liyA jAtA hai vaha sabhI kuzIlameM antarbhUta hotA hai / isalie paravastuoMke avalambanakA mAnasika dRSTise to sarvathA tyAga ho jAnA tathA zArIrika dRSTise zakti ke anusAra tyAgakara denA hI brahmacarya dharma hai / 'aparigraha' zabda ke do artha hote haiM - eka to ISat parigraha ( saMgraha ) arthAt parigraha ( saMgraha ) kA parimANa aura dUsarA parigraha ( saMgraha ) kA tyAga / isa taraha parigrahake parimANa rUpa aparigraha dharmakA samAveza laukika dharma honeke kAraNa zauca dharmameM aura parigrahake tyAga rUpa aparigraha dharmakA samAveza pAramArthika dharma ke rUpa meM tyAga tathA AkiMcanya dharmameM hotA hai / aura antameM upabhoga tathA parigraha donoMkA tyAga dazama brahmacarya meM antarbhUta hotA hai / yadi ukta pA~coM pApoMke udbhava ke sambandhameM vicAra kiyA jAya to samajha meM A jAyagA ki unameM se kuzIla ( bhoga ) aura parigraha ( saMgraha ) ye donoM pApa jIvakI lobha-vRttike pariNAma haiM tathA hiMsA, jhUTa aura corI krodha, mAna aura mAyA-vRttike pariNAma haiM lekina inameM yadi parasparake kAryakAraNabhAvapara vicAra kiyA jAya, to kahA jA sakatA hai ki kuzIla ( bhoga ) aura parigraha ( saMgraha ) ye donoM pApa hI saba pApoMke mUla haiM kyoMki prAyaH dekhane meM AtA hai ki pratyeka manuSya apanI svArthapUrti ke liye hI hiMsA karanemeM udyata hotA hai, jhUTha bolatA hai aura corI bhI karatA hai / isa taraha kahanA cAhie ki sabase bhayaMkara pApa jIvakI svArthavRttikA paricAyaka lobha hI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki caraNAnuyoga-AgamameM " lobha pApakA bApa bakhAnA" ke rUpameM lobhako pApakA bApa kahakara pukArA gayA hai / arthAt ye sabhI prakArake dharma isa prakAra dharmakI cAhe samyadarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra rUpa vyAkhyA kI jAve, cAhe ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacaryaM aura aparigraha rUpa vyAkhyA kI jAve athavA cAhe kSamA Adi uparyukta daza dharma rUpa vyAkhyA kI jAve - ina sabhI vyAkhyAoMmeM bhAvakA kucha bhI antara nahIM hai / pUrvokta prakAra dharmake laukika aura pAramArthika donoM vargoM meM samAviSTa hote / isI dharmakA eka prakAra jo dharma, artha aura kAma puruSArthoke samanvayarUpa trivargake rUpameM va kevala dharma puruSArthakI sthitiko prApta mokSapuruSArtharUpa apavargake rUpa meM batalAyA gayA hai vaha bhI trivarga ke rUpameM to dharmake laukika varga meM aura apavargake rUpameM dharmake pAramArthika varga meM samAviSTa hotA hai / yahA~para maiM itanA aura spaSTa kara denA cAhatA hU~ ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakI dezanAke anusAra dharmakA sadbhAva samyagdarzanake rUpameM devagati aura naraka gatimeM tathA samyagdarzana aura yatkicit cAritra ke rUpameM tiryaggati meM bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / parantu lokameM aura dharmagranthoM ( caraNAnuyoga ) meM dharmake viSayameM jo kucha socA aura kahA gayA hai, usameM mukhyatayA mAnava-jIvanako hI lakSya banAyA gayA hai / vAstava meM bAta bhI aisI hai ki dharmakA jo mahattva mAnava-jIvana meM prasphuTita hotA hai vaha nArakiyoM, devoM aura tiyaMcoMke jIvana meM prasphuTita nahIM hotA, kyoMki saMsArameM mAnava hI aisA prANI hai jise apanA jIvana sukhamaya banAneke lie mAnava samAjako lekara saMgaThanAtmaka prayatna karanA aura apane jIvanake adhikAroMkI sImA nirdhArita karanA anivArya hotA hai tathA mokSa kI prApti bhI mAnava jIvanase hI hotI hai / isa taraha caraNAnuyogakI dRSTise nirNIta kiyA jAya, to tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA tatvajJAna dharmatattva
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________________ 3/dharma aura siddhAnta : 17 rUpameM hI nirNIta hotA hai aura yaha dharmatattva jaisA ki Upara batalAyA jA cukA hai--laukika tathA pAramArthika sukhameM kAraNabhUta laukika aura pAramArthika dharmoM ke rUpameM vibhakta ho jAtA hai| isa dharmatattvako isI rUpameM yadi pratyeka manuSya, pratyeka kUTamba, pratyeka nagara aura pratyeka deza--isa taraha sampUrNa vizvakI mAnava jAti hRdayaMgama karake apane jIvanakA aMga banA le to eka to vizvameM sarvatra saMgharSakI sthiti samApta hokara paraspara premabhAvakA saMcAra ho sakatA hai| dUsare pratyeka mAnava antameM apane mahAna lakSya pUrvokta pAramArthika sukhakI prAptikI ora bhI yathAzakti agrasara ho sakatA hai / yadyapi tIrthakara mahAvIrakA tattvajJAna dravyAnuyogakI dRSTise chaha prakArake dravyoMke rUpameM va karaNAnuyoga kI dRSTise saptatattva yA navatattvoMke rUpa meM bhI nirNIta hotA hai| sAtha hI isa sabhI prakArake tattvajJAnakI vyavasthAke lie tIrthakara mahAvIrakI dezanAmeM karmavAda, anekAntavAda, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgIvAda tathA pramANavAda aura nayavAdakI bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| parantu jisa prakAra Upara dharmatattvakI vistArase vivecanA kI gayI hai, usI prakAra ina sabakI vivecanA bhI vistArako apekSA rakhatI hai, jo ki svatantra rUpase aneka lekhoMkA rUpa dhAraNa karane yogya hai / ataH Avazyaka hokarake bhI ina sabapara lekhameM vicAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| ye sabhI viSaya Avazyaka isalie haiM ki inakA sambandha manuSyake pAramArthika jIvanase to hai hI, parantu usake laukika jIvanase bhI kama sambandha nahIM hai kyoMki vicArakara dekhA jAve to samajhameM A sakatA hai ki pratyeka manuSya kA eka kSaNa bhI inake binA nahIM vyatIta hotA arthAt pratyeka manuSya apane jIvanake pratyeka kSaNameM inakA upayoga to karatA hI rahatA hai. parantu inake svarUpase vaha hamezA anabhijJa banA huA hai| INEA HONEIN