Kavyanushasanam

Author(s): Hasu Yagnik
Publisher: ZZ_Anusandhan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229647/1

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108 anusandhAna-53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga-1 madhyakAlIna gujarAtI kathAsAhityAbhyAsa-sandarbha hemacandAcArya-kRta 'kAvyAnuzAsanam' hasu yAjJika madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanA koI paNa kathAzrayI prakAra ne tenAM svarUponA udbhava-vikAsane, vizeSataH to dazamI sadInA anA pravartanane vastulakSI dRSTile jANavAno akamAtra dRSTipUrNa likhita dastAvejIrUpa mULa sandarbhagrantha hemacandrAcAryakRta 'kAvyAnuzAsanam' che. saMskRta mImAMsAno A grantha che, oma dhArIne madhyakAlIna gujarAtInA likhita pravAhanAM rAsa, AkhyAna, padyavArtA, phAgu, bAramAsI, prabandha-pavADA tathA kaNThapravAhanAM loka-mahAkAvya, ardhasAhityika mahAkAvya - SemiLiteratury EpicnA mULa, vikAsa, mahattvanAM lakSaNo vagereno abhyAsa karavAmAM, prastuta sandarbhagranthanI AMkha ughADanArAM tathyo pragaTa karatI bAbato tarapha madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanA abhyAsIo- bahu ja ochu dhyAna gayu. anuM pariNAma o Avyu ke AkhyAnane cheka caudamA-paMdaramA zatakamAM janmeluM gujarAtI- ja Agaq navaM svarUpa mAnavAmAM AvyuM, ane AkhyAnano pitA bhAlaNa che, evaM ja sthApIne cAlavAmAM Avyu. khyAta ovI paurANika kathAne dezI geya DhALamAM rajU karavAnI paddhati to bAra-tera sadInA rAsamAM sunizcita thaI gaI hatI ane kaDavakanuM mALa paNa pracAramA AvI gayuM hatuM tathA prabandhamadhye parabodhanArtha AvatI nalAdinI kathAne oka kRtinA rUpamAM bAMdhIne gAna, paThana ane svalpa abhinayanA AdhAre aeka granthika dvArA sarjAtI-rajU thatI kRti te 'AkhyAna' oma apabhraMzakALe ja saMsiddha thaI cUkyu hatuM. AkhyAnanA svarUpa-ghaDataranA vikAsamAM bhAlaNa- arpaNa amUlya che, o vize koI prazna nathI ja, parantu 'AkhyAna' apabhraMzano ja sIdho vAraso dharAvatuM svarUpa, te A kALe ja janmyuM ne saMsiddha thayu, oma dhArI laIne cAlavU, te tathya- ajJAna gaNAya. madhyakALanAM rAsa, phAgu, 'prabandha' jAtiprakAra Literary Gnre aitihAsika ghaTanAmUlaka ghaTakaaMgo, antaraaGga viSayavastu-bahiaGga nirUpaNa-mALakhuM ke anu nirvahaNa, anI rajUAtanuM svarUpa, hastapratarUpe maLato

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Disembara 2010 109 mULa AdhArarUpa kRtipATha ane tenI rajUAta - Performance mATenA pATha (text) vacceno keTaloka bheda : A sandarbhe haju Aje paNa abhyAsIomAM ja koi spaSTatA nathI. kaNThapravAhanAM lokamahAkAvyonI sudIrgha paramparA apabhraMzottarakALanI madhya, uttara, pazcimakSetranI vividha navI navI janmelI AryabhASAomAM hatI, je 'AlhA', 'DholAgAna', 'bagaDAvata-kathA' (anuM bhIlIrUpa gujarAMno arelo), 'pAbUjIkathA' (anuM bhIlarUpa rAThoravAratA), rAmakathAkRSNakathA-pANDavakathA-nAthakathA vagerenA aneka sthAnika jAti-bolIgata rUpAntaro dazamI sadIthI caudamI sadI sudhInA 400 varSanA sudIrgha gALAmAM pravartatA hatA ne jenAM nahotAM to likhita pravAhamAM kRtirUpa baMdhAyAM ke nahotAM to likhita pravAhamAM mahAkAvya dAkhala koi vRttinI racanAnAM udyama-sAhasa ! AthI, navI janmelI Arya bhASAo New Indo-Aryan Languages mAM lokakAvya hatAM ja nahIM, AQ ja dhArI-mAnI-svIkArI levAmAM AvyuM. AnuM mULa kAraNa o ke, A badhuM ja spaSTa rUpamAM jANavAnI likhita dastAvejI sAmagrIne, o saMskRtamAM ja mImAMsAnAM rUpamAM lakhAyelI hovAne kAraNe, o badhI ja paramparAo saMskRta bhASAnI mAnI levAmAM AvI. saMskRtanA abhyAsIoe je abhyAsa karyA te sahaja che ke saMskRtanI ja paramparAne jANatA hoya, madhyakAlIna likhita paramparA ke lokasAhitya tarIke vargIkRta thaI gayelI kaNThaparamparAne jANatA na hoya. malTI DAyamenzanala, malTI DisiplinarI aproca ne kampereTiva sTaDInuM mahattva pramANyA pachI paNa, ApaNA abhyAsamAM kendramAM to mAtra sambandhita likhita ne praziSTa manAtuM sAhitya ja rahyu ! o paNa ekAMgI'sAhitya' aTale zabdAzrayI kalA. o kalAne ApaNA pUrvanA mImAMsakoo kyAreya AvI maryAdita mAnI nathI, anA dRzya-zravyarUpane, rajuAtanA mAdhyamane paNa dRSTimA rAkhyAM che ane 'sAhitya' kalAnA zabdAzrayanA aMgane mULa ne mukhya mAnavA chatAM, anI kRtinI rajuAtamAM saMgIta, nATaka, nRtyano saMyojita viniyoga thAya che, te dRSTimA rAkhe che. 'saMgIta' paryAya ja 'myujhika' (to muse, Ananda Apavo) nI apekSAo vizeSa sUkSma ne sUcaka che. na kevaLa svara, na anA saMyojana- svarUpa, paraMtu 'nRtyena, gItena, vAdyena sahitam' o A paryAyane bAMdhe che. nATakamAM, rasatattva, anuM manovaijJAnika pAsuM, 'aucitya' anA vyavahAra sAmagrInA viniyoga, upayuktatAne, 'guNa' anA samagra samanvita

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110 anusandhAna-53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga-1 kalAnA rUpane, 'doSa' anAM bhayasthAnane-kyAM javaM, kyAM na javaM, thus far and no further nA sImADAne. Line of demarkation -cokkasa rIte ne rUpe bAMdhe che. kalAsvarUpanI samagratA - totality, bahuAyAmI - Multidimentional - svarUpane dRSTimAM rAkhIne cAle che. Ama, pUrvanI kalAmImAMsA vikasita ne pUrNa rahI che. bharatAdi pachI samayAntare vividha grantho racAyA amAM sarjanamULa, kRtinAM ghaTakaaMgo ane bhAvana-mUlyAMkananI prakriyA, anuM spaSTa rUpa prAcIna grIka ane bhAratIya Arya paramparAmAM baMdhAyAM. vividha kALanA granthomAM kalAno, anI vikasatI vibhAvanAnA bandhAtA-vikasatA jatA rUpamA Alekha mUrta thayo che. jyAM keTaluka navaM ke vizeSita AvyuM one ApaNe navonmeSa ke dRSTipUrNa abhinava siddhAnta prastutIkaraNa-sthApana tarIke svIkAryu ane je mImAMsakoo sUtrAtmaka rUpamAM pUrva saMcita siddhAntanuM nirUpaNa karyu temano 'samanvaya-kAra'mA samAveza ko. A dRSTile mammaTa ane hemacandrane samanvayakAra tarIke vizeSataH oLakhyAoLakhAvyA. pUrvasaMcitanuM navanIta sUtrabaddha karavU, o samanvayakAra- mukhya kArya manAtuM AvyuM che, tyAre vizeSa dhyAna se bAbata para kheMcAvaM joIo, ke A varganA mImAMsako ane temanA grantho mAtra sArasaMkSepa ke dohana nathI ja. amAM emanI potIkI dRSTi, sUjha ne keTalIka AgaLa jovA na maLatI hoya tevI sthApanA paNa hoya che. kathAnuM dRSTAnta ApIne spaSTatA karIo to 'haMsAvatI'nI kathAnA asAitathI ArambhIne te zivadAsa sudhI ne tethI paNa AgaLa je kathAkRtio racAi, haMsa-vatsa para jaina srotamAM aneka rAsarUpa racanAo thai ke pachI mAdhavAnala, mAruDholA, sadevaMta-sAvaliMgA, naLakathA, sagALazAkathA ne bIjI ovI aneka kathAo para samaya-samaye je aneka kRtio racAI temAM anekanI oka kathA, anA o ja svarUpamAM nathI AvI. bhASA ane sAmAjika paristhitimA je parivartano AvyAM, aTalAM ja navI kRtimAM che aq nathI. A uparAnta paNa o kathAo pAchaLa rahelA racanAhetu, samakAlIna kaNThaparamparAnAM umeraNa-saMvardhana-rUpAntara ane khAsa to anA nirUpakanuM dRSTibindu, pracalita ovI kathAmAMthI paNa navI ja ovI kRtirUpa racanA kare che. ane kartAnI sarjakatA, kalpakatA, dRSTibindu - point of view ne keTaluka navaM ja arthadarzana

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Disembara 2010 jUnI kRtine navuM ja sarjaka rUpa Ape che. pratyeka racanA A dRSTile mAtra Old wine in new bottle nathI, 'vAina' ne 'vinTAjha' (Atho) paNa judAM hoya che. AvuM ja mImAMsAnAM sUtrAtmaka ane samanvita manAtAM rUpamAM che. badhuM sArarUpe sUtrabaddha karavAmAM mammaTAcAryanI potAnI AgavI dRSTi che, hemacandrAcAryanI paNa oma AgavI dRSTi che. samanvayakAra mAtra sAradohana, saMkSepa Apato nathI; potAnAM jJAnaparizIlana, svAdhyAye ane je keTaluMka navaM lAdhyuM che, te onA kendramAM che. hetu mAtra je carvita che tene sUtrabaddha karavAno ja nathI, je keTaluMka svIkArya che, je keTaluMka asvIkArya che ne keTaluMka akadama navuM ne jUduM che, te nA kendramAM che. dRSTAntathI kahIo to kAvya - prayojanamAM mammaTane yazase, arthakRte, vyavahAravide, zivetarakSaye dRSTimAM Ave che, 'Ananda' uparAnta, jyA hemacandrAcAryane 'arthakRte, vyavahAravide, zivetarakSaye' svIkArya nathI. omanA mate kAvyanAM Ananda, yaza ane prItipUrNa upadeza mukhya che. A to spaSTatA mATenuM akamAtra dRSTAnta che. A rIte ja rasa, bhAva, doSa, guNa, alaGkAramAM paNa mImAMsaka tarIkenI aka potIkI mudrA che. ane vizeSa che te je je sAhityaprakAro, jAtio, svarUpo vageremAM bharata, kuntaka, abhinavagupta, Anandavardhana, mammaTa, mahima bhaTTa, dhanaJjaya dvArA je kaMi kahevAyuM - carcAyuM anuM pazcima bhAratanA - gurjara kSetramAM dazamI sadImAM je rajUAtamAM pratIta thatuM vizeSa rUpa che, tenuM ja keTaluMka navuM je anyanI mImAMsAmAM nathI te che. o to jANItuM ja che ke mALavAnA gujarAta mATenA hInabhAva - vacanamAMthI janmelo 'tolAGgulo, vadhUmukhavikSamANo, bhraSTamukho' hovAno gujarAta - gujarAtItA para tiraskArano bhAva che teno ja javAba hemacandrAcAryanI anuzAsana - trayI che. Ama chatAM kevaLa vidyAne ja varelA A zIlavAna mImAMsake bhoja vagereno chocha nathI rAkhyo. omanAM paNa uddharaNo amaNe carcAM che. mAru 111 'kAvyAnuzAsanam' ane svopajJaTIkA 'viveka' hemacandrAcAryanA mukhya mImAMsAgrantho che. 'kAvyAnuzAsanam 'nA kula 8 adhyAyamAM, 208 sUtromAM 1. kAvyalakSaNa, 2. rasa, 3. doSa, 4. guNa, 5. alaGkAra (zabda), 6. arthAlaGkAra, 7. nATya ane 8. prabandhAtmaka kAvyabhedanI sthApanA - carcA teoo karI. a pachI vizeSa carcA 1. alaGkAracUDAmaNi ane 2. kAvyAnuzAsana paranI 'viveka' nAmanI TIkAmAM karI. ahIM kathAsandarbhe, khAsa karIne madhyakAlIna likhita

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112 anusandhAna-53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga-1 paramparAnI gujarAtI kathAo ane kaNThaparamparAnI lokakathAnA abhyAsanI dRSTile mahattvano adhyAya - 8 che, tethI, tenI vigata kyA-keTalo-kevo prakAza pADe che te uttarArdhamAM joio. vizeSa sUjha ne dRSTipUrNa, keTalIka dRSTile to abhUtapUrva aq 'prabandha-kAvya'nuM vargIkaraNa che. ane AlekhanA rUpamAM Arambhe joio : prabandhAtmaka kAvya (1) prekSya (2) zrAvya geya pAThya mahAkAvya AkhyAyikA kathA campU Dombika nATaka vagere 1. upAkhyAna bhANa 2. AkhyAna vagere 3. nidarzanakathAthI bRhatkathA sudhInA kula 11 prakAra ahIM kathAviSayaka samagradarzI vibhAvanA ane vargIkaraNanI dRSTile lagabhaga chevaTanuM ane sarvane svIkArya bane arbu sUtrabaddha arbu kArya hemacandrAcArya dvArA siddha thayuM che. kathAnA prakAronI carcA agnipurANa, amarakoza, alaGkArasaGgraha, kAvyAlaGkAra vageremAM maLe che. bhAmaha, vizvanAtha, Anandavardhana, daNDI vagereo pAyAnI carcA paNa karI che, parantu temAM kyAMya hemacandrAcAryanA vargIkaraNamAM che tevU, yuropIya-IrAnI-bhAratIya o traNe AryaparamparAnI prAcIna-kathAogeM, anA prakAra ane vastugata bheda tathA rajUAta jevAM badhAM ja mukhya aGgo hastAmalakavat banatAM nathI. kathA ane AkhyAyikAnA sthUla bhedamAM ja kyAMka carcA aTavAI jatI hoya aq paNa lAge che. ahIM 'prabandhAtmaka kAvya'o jAtisaMjJA ja, kathAnA geya, abhineya ane nRtya ovA traNene ucita vargamAM sthApe ahIM adhyAya-8nA Arambhe ja kAvyane 'prekSya' ane 'zrAvya' oma be

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Disembara 2010 113 prakAromAM vaheMce che. ahIM 'prabandha'no artha 'je kRtimAM koI aka mukhya kathA Adi, madhya ane antathI, gadyamAM vA padyamAM, kvacita ubhayamAM paNa AlekhavAmAM AvI che te? oma adhyAhRta che, parantu pAyAmAM che. A dRSTile rAsa, AkhyAna, padyavArtA-kathAno paNa jyAM Azraya che tevA RtukAvyo (phAgu-bAramAsI) vagereno paNa samAveza thAya che. gaNapati kAyasthe mAdhava ane kAmakandalAnI premakathA 2,500 duhAomAM lakhI tene, A arthamAM ja 'mAdhavAnala-kAmakandalAdogdhakaprabandha' ovA kRtinAme oLakhAvI. pUrvenA ane pachInA jainasrotanA racayitAoo geya, DhALanI dezIomAM je je kathAonAM Adi-madhya-anta bAMdhyAM tene 'rAsa' saMjJA ApI, paurANika kathAonAM pUrNa ne svatantra kathAnako bhAlaNa-nAkara-premAnanda vagereo geyaDhALamAM bAMdhIne ApyAM tene 'AkhyAna' saMjJA ApI, je apabhraMzakALe paNa astitva dharAvatI hatI. jemaNe mukhyatve manoraJjaka prakAranI kathAo vizeSataH duhA-copAIno ja upayoga karIne ApI temaNe AvI racanAone 'amukanA duhA' ke 'amukanI copAi' avA nAme oLakhAvI. che to A badhAM ja rAsa, AkhyAna, padyavArtA 'prabandha' oTale ke jemAM koI oka mukhya kathA Adi-madhya-antathI koI aka kRtinA rUpamAM bAMdhavAmAM AvI che, tenA ja prakAro. prabandhanA ja A svarUpagata bheda dharAvatA prakAro judA paDyA te temAM prayojAyelA chandabandhane kAraNe. jemAM mAtrAmeLanA ja chandomAM keTalAka umeraNa karIne geya DhALamAM vaparAtA hatA avA 'DhALa' ke 'dezI'omAM je je kathAzrayI prabandho lakhAyA, gAna sAthe rajU thayA, tene jaina srotamAM 'rAsa'nI ane jainetara srotamAM 'AkhyAna'nI racanA tarIke oLakha maLI. rahyo trIjo moTo varga kathAono, je duhA-copAinA saLaMgabandhamAM rajU thatI hatI ne anA kartAoo pote to 'duhA' ke 'copAi' ovI saMjJA ApelI, cheka zAmaLa sudhI paNa keTalAke 'amukanuM AkhyAna' oma paNa kahyu, tene Adhunika abhyAsIoo 'padyavArtA' ovI svarUpa-saMjJAo oLakhAvI. Ama karavAmAM 'padyavArtA'ne 'rAsa' ane 'AkhyAna'thI judA pADatI oLakha-saMjJAne, 'svarUpa' Literary Form tarIke laIo, svIkArIo to amAM kazuM khoTuM ke ayathArtha nathI, kemake, padyavArtAne paNa 'rAsa' ane 'AkhyAna'thI judAM pADatAM keTalAMka lakSaNo to paramparAmAM siddha thayAM ja che. parantu, ahIM, madhyakALanA abhyAsIoo, lakSamAM rAkhavAnI jarUra o hatI ke A traNe svarUpo che to 'prabandhakAvya'nA bhinna

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114 anusandhAna-53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga-1 bhinna prakAro ane vargo. 'prabandha' Ama, hemacandrAcArye je rIte mUkI ApyuM che o rIte to oka mukhya varga che, jAti-prakAra che. A dhyAnamAM na raDuM ne kAnhaDade-prabandha para ja dhyAna rahyaM ane apabhraMzakALamAM tathA pachI kumArapALa vagere jaitihAsika pAtroviSayaka kathAzrayI racanAo 'prabandha' nAme/zIrSake oLakhAI tethI je kathAnAM pAtra ane ghaTanAo aitihAsika manAtAM hoya omanI kathAone judI pADavA 'prabandha'ne paNa rAsa, AkhyAna, padyavArtA jevU bhinna ne svatantra svarUpa mAnIne cAlavAmAM Avyu, calAvI levAmAM Avyu. o bhinna svarUpa jarUra che. rAsa ane AkhyAnathI autihAsika manAtAM pAtra-ghaTanAno AdhAra letI kathAo judI paDe ja. parantu one mATe 'prabandha' jevo jAti mATeno nizcita thayelo paryAya apanAvatAM seLabheLa thAya. vaLI, 'raNamala-chanda' ne ovI A kuLanI bIjI 'pavADA'nI racanAonuM zuM? o paNa prabandha ? 'pavADA'nA mULamAM 'pravAda' che, 'prabandha' nahIM. pavADA dakSiNamAMthI, mahArASTramAMthI Avela prakAra ane saMjJA che. mahArASTrI apabhraMza sAthe ano sIdho anubandha che. marAThA/AkramaNo ane zAsananA gALAmAM, dakSiNa gujarAtamAM AdivAsI banIne vasI gayelI mahArASTrI-khAnadezanI bolI bolanAra dvArA tathA marAThImAM koI vijetAne biradAvatA 'jItagelA' Tuka dharAvatI racanAo 'pavADA' tarIke gavAtI hovAne kAraNe gujarAtamAM paNa A paryAya prayojAto thayo. dakSiNa gujarAtanI AdivAsI paramparAmAM sItAno pavADo che. sItAjIno samAveza paurANika pAtramA thAya, autihAsika yuganA Arambha pahelAnA samayagALAmAM, itihAsamAM nahIM. chatAM o rAmakathAnI kaNThaparamparAnI AdivAsI racanAmAM ja sItAno pavADo ovo prayoga thayo che. jAtinA vIranI biradAvalI gAvI, anI jItane gAnathI vadhAvavI o bRhat ovA AryakuLanI jAtino pracalita, paramparAgata prakAra che, jeno kuLamULagata jAtiprakAra rIte sambandha 'AkhyAyikA' sAthe che, 'kathA' sAthe nahIM. parantu 'prabandha'mAM o banne cha - prabandhanI je mULabhUta jAtiprakAranI oLakha che tyAM. jene chanda, aSTaka, pavADo vagerethI oLakhAvI che te racanAonA ja kuLamAM biradAvalI, prazasti Ballad, Heroic poetry no samAveza thAya che ane amAMthI ja kALakrame Folk-epic, Semi-Literary epic ane praziSTa manAtAM Classical epic vikasyAM che. hemacandrAcArye adhyAya 8/ 5, sUtra 200mAM pahelo ja samAveza sAhajika krame mahAkAvyano karI sUtra 201

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Disembara 2010 115 (8/6)mAM mahAkAvya- lakSaNa bAMdhatAM jaNAvyuM che ke mahAkAvya mukhyatve saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza tathA grAmya bhASAmAM racAya che. ahIM noMdhapAtra che te 'grAmyabhASA' aTale ke mAru-gUrjaramAM bolAtI lokabolI. I. 850mAM gujarAtI janmI cUkelI ane 'kuvalayamAlA' mAM A pradezamAM vasatA lokomA ame, tame, bhalu, bolAtuM likhita dastAvejI rUpamAM maLe che. ono artha o ke hemacandrAcArya ane siddharAjanI vyavahArabhASA to bolAtI gujarAtI ja hatI, mAru-gUrjara hatI. amAM sAhitya paNa racavAnI paramparA na hatI athI saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMzamAM racAyu. parantu hemacandrAcArya jyAre mahAkAvya aMge sUtra 201mAM 'padyaM prAyaH saMskRtaprAkRtApabhraMzagrAmyabhASAnibaddhaM' oma lakhe che teno artha o ke te samaye je mAru-gUrjara Old Western Rajastani hatI amAM paNa 'vRttasargAzvAsasandhyavaskandabandhaM satsandhi zabdArthavaicitryopetaM' avAM mahAkAvyo racAtAM hatAM. ahIM ja spaSTa thaze ke AcAryazrIo mAtra likhita ane praziSTa manAtI mahAkAvyanI paramparAne ja dRSTimAM rAkhIne sUtrabaddha nathI kayuM, bolAtI bolI vA bhASAnI tatkAlIna pravAha-paramparAne paNa dRSTimAM rAkhI che. ahIM jene Folkepic ke bAroTI paramparAnuM Semi-literary epic kahIo chIo, Heroic Narrative tarIke ullekhIo chIo teno ja nirdeza ne sUtra-vyAkhyAmA samAveza che. AcAryazrIne amanA samayanI jIvatI lokaparamparAno pratyakSa paricaya ane anuM paNa sAhityika mUlya svIkRta na hota to omaNe paNa bIjAMnI jema, AvI loka-paramparAnA sAhityane mImAMsAgranthamAM samAviSTa karyu na hota ! A kAraNe tathA apabhraMza-vyAkaraNa nimitte dRSTAntamAM loka-kaNThaparamparAnA duhAo mUkyA che. (AthI ja A lakhanAre anA gujarAtImAM lakhAyelA sarvaprathama Folkloristics, lokavidyAvijJAnamAM, lokavid folkloristmAM hemacandrAcAryane gujarAtanA Adi lokavidyAvid tarIke darzAvyA che.) lokaparamparAnAM vividha lokamahAkAvyo, jeno ArambhamAM nirdeza ko che, temAM 'sarga' mATe 'sAka'no prayoga thAya che. A zabda vaidika-kALano che. 'rudrASTAdhyAyI'nA trIjA adhyAyanA pahelA ja mantramA 'zatam senA ajayat sAkam indraH' so so yoddhAo dharAvatI senA para vijaya prApta karavo te indranuM parAkrama che. Ane AdhAre ja jAtine ugAranAra vijetA vIra mATe 'oke hajArA' prayoga Aje paNa thAya che. ane AvA vIranI 'sAka' aTale ke parAkramagAthAne 'nihAlade sulatAna' jevA lokamahAkAvyamAM

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116 anusandhAna- 53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga - 1 'sAkA' tarIke oLakhAvI che. sarga, lambaka, lambhaka, sAka, taraGga a madhyama kadanI tathA moTI kathAonA khaNDo ke vibhAga mATe carcAya che. Ama, 'kAnhaDadeprabandha'ne anya AdhAre vIragAthA mATe 'prabandha' ke pachI 'pavADo' vAparIo chIo, te A dRSTi saMzodhanapUrNa pukhta carcA- vicAraNA - nirAkaraNa mAge che ne temAM hemacandrAcAryanA AThamA adhyAyane dRSTimAM rAkhavo upayogI banaze. nATaka, rUpaka vagerenI paNa carcAmAM aneka prakAro sevA che, jemAM te kALanI gujarAtanI praziSTa ne loka banne raGgamaMcIya kalAone anAM mULa sA jANavAnI mahattvanI sAmagrI che. adhyAya : 8nuM oka navaM, dRSTipUrNa ane saMzodhanamAM khUba ja anivArya rUpamAM upayogI kArya che te 1. upAkhyAna ane 2. AkhyAna pachInA kula nava (9) kathAprakAro 3. nidarzana 4. pravalhikA 5 manthallikA, 6. maNikulyA che. pachInA 9 sakalakathA 10 upakathA ane 11 bRhatkathA paNa kathAnakanA kada vagerenI dRSTi tathA svarUpanI dRSTi mahattvanAM che. 'AkhyAna' sandarbhe sUtra 203 anuSaGge lakhyuM che : 'prabandhamadhye parabodhanArthaM nalAdyupAkhyAnamivopAkhyAnamabhinayan paThan gAyan yadeko granthika : kathayati tad govindavadAkhyAnam'. prabandha - aTale ke gadya ke padyamAM bandhAyelI kathAnI kRti. oTale ke mahAbhArata vagere. amAM anyane bodha ApavA mATe je kathA kahevAtI hoya tene koi aka granthika svatantra kRtinA rUpamAM bAMdhe ane abhinaya, paThana, gAna sAthe / mATe granthamAM bAndhe AvI kathA te AkhyAna. bhAlaNathI AraMbhI premAnanda sudhInA AkhyAnakAronI racanAomAM je che te A sUtramAM che. ono artha se che ke dazamI - agIAramI sadImAM 'AkhyAna' che. AvI kRtinA padabandhamAM geya dezI DhALa kyAre vaparAto thayo, anA kaDavakanA aMge kayA kayA tabakke vikasyA : A bAbata vizeSa saMzodhana mAge che, parantu gujarAtInA janmanA samaye apabhraMzamAM temaja AcArya zrIno ja bolI mATeno paryAya prayojIne kahI to grAmyabhASAmAM 'AkhyAna' hatuM. ano ja vikAsa pachInA tabakke thayo. kathAnI Antara-sAmagrI Content of the tale ane tenuM kRtimAM baMdhAtA rUpanI-oTale ke Form - dRSTi nidarzana, pravalhikA, manthallikA,

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Disembara 2010 117 maNikulyA ahIM pahelI ja vakhata carcAyA jaNAya che. agAu kyAMya A vize keTaluka lakhAyuM hoya te A lakhanAranA dhyAnamAM na hoya tevU bane. parantu kathAne, A rIte anA kathAgata rUpane ane anA prayojita rUpane AdhAre vargIkRta karavAnuM kArya hemacandrAcArya pahelAM thayuM lAgatuM nathI. 'kAvyAnuzAsanam' ane 'viveka'mAM keTalAMka dRSTAnto che. pachInI gujarAtI kathAnI kRtiomAM A prakAranI kathAo vizeSa lakhAI che. kathA- A vargIkaraNa, anu kathAnakajanya Antara-svarUpa ane kathA-kathAne joDatI bhUmikAkathAnI paddhati : ahIM sUtrabaddha banI che. madhyakAlIna kathAo uparAnta lokakathA Falktale mATe paNa A prakAro abhyAsopayogI che. nIti ke vyavahArajJAna mATe jyAre pazu, pakSI ke anya nimnapAtranuM kathAvRttAnta prayojAya tyAre ane nidarzana kahevAya. anA dRSTAntamAM paMcatantra ane kuTTanImata darzAvyA che. ahIM Animal Story prANIkathA, Fable ane Parable banneno samAveza che. 'phebala'mAM nItiupadeza mATe je dRSTAntarUpa kathA kahevAya te Animal Story che. amAM pAtrasthAne pazu, pakSI vagere che. AvI ja nItikathArUpe, dRSTAntarUpa kathAmAM prANIne badale mAnava ja pAtrarUpe hoya to ane 'perebala' kahevAya. IsapanI kathAo 'phebala' che, Tolstoye lakhelI bodhakathA 'perebala' che. mANasane joi joine ante keTalI jamIna joime, anI kathA Tolstoya Ape che. sAMjano sUraja DhaLe tyAM sudhImAM jeTalI bhUmi para doDI vaLe oTalIno mAlika : A mATe lolupa mohavaza aTaluM doDe che ke ante sUraja DhaLe che tyAre o paNa thAkAtireke DhaLI paDe che ne be gaja jamIna-kabara mATenI ! spaSTataH ahIM bodhakathA che. nIti ke bodha mATe dRSTAntarUpe kahevAtI kathA te nidarzanakathA, dRSTAntakathA. ahIM koine prazna a thAya ke kuTaNIo kahelI kathAne A varganI kema kahevAmAM AvI ? nItidRSTi), mAnava chatAM pazuvat hovAne kAraNe ? mULa kRti jANatA na hoya to Avo prazna thAya. 'kuTTanimatam'mAM oka yuvAna vArAGganA kuTaNInI pAse AvI kahe che : 'mArI pAse koI navo, yuvAna, samRddha puruSa oka vakhata Ave che. koI kAyamI mane pALanAro, poSanAro, cAhanAro nathI. Avo grAhaka kema pAmavo ?' A matalabanI pRcchAno javAba ApatA

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anusandhAna- 53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga - 1 anubhavavRddha kuTTaNI, prayojita manovijJAna Applied Psychologyno upayoga karIne kahe che : 'badhA Ave che oka vakhata nAvInya mATe ! vArAGganAgRhe AvanArane gRha, patnI, gAma badhAnI uparavaTa jaI AvavuM paDe che. dareka vakhate kaMi mANasa AvAM vighnonI uparavaTa thaine na Ave !' yuvAna vArAGganA pUche che : 'upAya zo ?' kuTTaNI kahe che : 'AvanArane, mAtra nAvInyathI akavAra sAhasa karIne AvanArane lAgavuM joio ke ane mana- hRdayathI utkaTatama rUpe cAhanAra, prema karanAra to mAtra tuM ja che. jo onI tuM pratIti karAvI zake to ja tAro premI badhA sAmeno kAyamI virodha karIne paNa tArI sAthe rahe.' Ama kahI kAzIrAja ane vArAGganAnI kathA kahe che. prema mAtra karavAnI, dekhADavAnI vAta nathI. sAmAne khAtarI thAya avuM karavAnI AvaDatanI vAta che. ahIM joI zakAze ke kendramAM oka vicAra che, siddhAnta che, ene puSTa karavA mATe kahevAtI kathA che tethI te nidarzana - kathA che. Ama sUtrabaddha sevA vArtAprakArane samajavA mATe, puSTa karavA mATe je kathAnuM dRSTAnta apAyuM hoya, te kathAne pUrA sandarbha sAthe jANatA hoio tyAre ja mULa vAta pakaDAya che. Ama, dRSTAntakathA, nidarzanakathA bhAratIya prAcIna - madhyakAlIna sAhityano vyApaka prakAra che, je tenA 'hetu'nI dRSTio vargIkRta che. koI vAta, vAda, dRSTAntane puSTa karavA mATe je kathA prayojAya te nidarzana - kathA. A barAbara dRSTimAM hoya to ja 'pravalhikA'nuM sUtra pakaDAya. a vize kahe che : 'pradhAnamadhikRtya yatra dvayorvivAdaH ' koI akane rAkhIne thato be vacceno vivAda te pravalhikA. ahIM 'pradhAnam adhikRtya'no artha kyAreka bhUla - thApa khavaDAve. a ja rIte 'vivAda' paNa. 'pradhAnam' oTale mukhya ne madhyasthI ovI koI vyakti nahIM, parantu 'pradhAnam' ovo koI viSaya, koI vAda, koI siddhAnta, koI mAnyatA. ane 'vivAda' oTale mAtra vAtacIta ke dalIla nahIM, parantu potAnA mata, vicAra, vAda, dalIla vagerene puSTa karatuM nidarzana. pakSa ne pratipakSa banne potapotAnA matane puSTa karatI dRSTAntakathA kahe, nidarzana - kathA kahe. oka pakSa oka kathA kahI oka vAta sthApe te toDavA bIjo pakSa bIjI kathA mAMDe, je onA pakSane dRDha kare ne sAmenA pakSanI dalIlanuM khaNDana kare. Ama, A 118

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119 Disembara 2010 prakAra nidarzana- zRGkhalA - saMyojanano che. je kaMi kahevAya, sthapAya ke radiyo apAya, tene nidarzana dvArA puSTa karavuM paDe. AnA dRSTAntarUpe ardhaprAkRtamAM lakhAyelI ceTaka darzAvI che. o kathA prakAzamAM nathI, parantu jaina ane jainetara banne srotamAM 'prArabdha vadhe ke puruSArtha' nI kathA maLe che. vizeSa lAkSaNika udAharaNa zAmaLanI 'udyamakarmasaMvAda' che. omAM oka pAtra kahe che prArabdha ja mukhya che, pratipakSa kahe che puruSArtha. a banne prArabdha ane puruSArthane puSTa karatAM dRSTAnto Ape che. Ama, kevaLa vAda, vAta, mAnyatAnI abhivyakti nahIM, parantu tene puSTa karatI dRSTAntakathA ne anI zRGkhalA ahIM racAya che. 'citrakAraduhitA' mAM ke vetALa-pacIzI' mAM je praznagarbhakathAo oka bhUmikAkathAne AdhAre saMkaLAtI jAya ne kathAnaka vikasatuM jAya, ovI bhAta - peTarna - che. ahIM dalIla che, ane puSTa karatAM nAnAM nAnAM kathAnako vArtAnuM kathAnaka ghaDe che. Ama A prakAra pravalikAno peTA saMlagna akama nidarzana - kathAno che. 'manthallikA' kathA prakAra hAsya- majAkano che. omAM upahAsa pAchaLa tiraskAra, UtArI pADavAnI bhAvanA paNa hoya; to kvacita amuka jAti-varganI khAsiyatane nimitta banAvIne hasAvavAno paNa hoya. AvI kathAmAM purohita, amAtya, tApasa vagere sthAnathI ucca varganAM gaNAtAM pAtrono upahAsa karavAno hoya. pretamahArASTra bhASAmAM oTale ke paizAcImAM lakhAyelI kSudrakathA, gorocanA, anaGgavatI vagerene dRSTAntarUpe hemacandrAcArya darzAve che. temAM prathama be prakAzamAM AvI jaNAtI nathI. bharaTakabatrIzI ane vinodakathAnAM kathAnakone A prakAramA mUkI zakAya. vaidika, bauddha ane jaina se traNe bhAratIya AryadharmanI judI paDatI zAkhAonAM sAhityamAM sAmA pakSane uddezIne AvI kathAo kahevAtI thayelI. 'maNikulyA' nuM lakSaNa hastAmalakavat karatuM hemacandrIya sUtra che : 'yasyAM pUrvavastu na lakSyate pazcAt tu prakAzyate' oTale ke omAM pUrve je ghaTanA ghaTI gai hoya tenuM koI ja vIgata sAthe varNana - nirUpaNa thatuM nathI, parantu te pachI koI caturAIthI anumAna - sambhAvanAdinA AdhAre a ghaTanA kevI rIte ghaTI haze, tenA para prakAza pADe che. hemacandrAcArya onA dRSTAnta tarIke 'matsyahasitA' darzAve che. sambhavataH mAchalInA hAsya pAchaLanA rahasya vizenI

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120 anusandhAna-53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga-1 kathAno ahIM nirdeza thayo jaNAya che. bhANAmAM pirasAyelI mRta mAchalAnI vAnagIno rANIle 'parapuruSano to huM sparza paNa karatI nathI' avAM kAraNe asvIkAra karatAM marelI mAchalI hasI paDI ! rAjAne thayuM mAchalI kaMi hase? te paNa marelI ? AnuM kAraNa zuM? Ama ahIM mAtra pariNAma che, tevU banavAnuM kAraNa nathI. anA para prakAza mantrI pADe che. rAjAo AgrahapUrvaka mantrIne hAsya- kAraNa pUchatAM ante mantrIne kahevU paDyuM ke je rANI parapuruSone bhogavavA strInA vezamAM potAnA yArane raNavAsamAM satata sAthe rAkhe che, te marelA mAchalAne paNa sparza nathI karatI aq kahe che tethI marelo mAchalo hasyo ! A kathA 'kathAsaritsAgara' tathA anyatra jANItI che. 'maNikulyA'no artha che kulaDImAM chupAvelo maNi. sAcA maNine mATInA pAtramA game teTalo DhAMkIDhUMbIchupAvIne rAkho to paNa sAmAnya avAM chidra ke sUkSma ovI tirADamAMthI paNa ratnanuM kiraNa bahAra to Ave ja ane ane AdhAre catura vyakti kulaDImAM maNi chupAvyo che, te jANI ja jAya. arthAt koI paNa vyakti game teTalo chAnochUpo guno kare, parantu o gunAnuM pariNAma joine, sUkSma nirIkSaNa ane tarkane AdhAre catura vyakti a ghaTanA kevI rIte banI haze, te ukelI zake. Adhunika DiTekTIva kathA anuM udAharaNa che. corI ke khUna thayAM hoya tyAre o koNe karyu, kyAre karyu, o 'pUrvavastu na lakSyate' parantu catura DiTekTIva je kaMi banyuM che tenuM nirIkSaNa karIne te kArya koNe karyu, kevI rIte karyu, te pakaDI pADe - 'pazcAt tu prakAzyate'. AvI kathAnuM uttama dRSTAnta 'vasudeva-hiNDI'mAM AvatI cArudattanI kathAmAM che. nadIkinAre pharavA gayelA cArudatta ane tenAM mitro bhInI retImAM paDelAM moTAM pagalAM juo che, ne thoDe jatAM padacihna jaNAtAM nathI. parantu AgaLa jatAM koi vRkSa nIce e ja pagalAM juo che, vRkSanI sapuSpa DALa tUTelI che, aka nAnI ane bIjI moTI oma be vyakti che te spaSTa thAya che. Ama pUrve je kaMi banI gayuM che te jANamAM nathI. parantu padacihno ane bIjAM nirIkSaNone AdhAre koI AkAzacArI nadImA snAna karatI sundarIne potAnA khabhA para besADI laI gayo che, te jANamAM Ave che. dharma, artha, kAma ke mokSa jevA puruSArthane siddha karavA mATe vaicitryayukta

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Disembara 2010 121 vRttAntanuM varNana hoya tene parikathA kahI zUdrakakathA dRSTAntarUpe darzAvI che. AmAM prema, sAhasa, zauryanI aneka kathAono samAveza thAya che. naravAhanadatta, vasudeva, dhammila, agaDadatta vagerenI kathAono A prakAramA samAveza thaI zake. vIragAthA, sAhasazauryagAthA, premakathA vagere A prakAramA Ave. 'phokaTeIla' mATe vizvamAnya avA sTitha thompsane paNa lokakathAnA prakAramA mitha, lijanDa ane phaeNrITeIla mukhya gaNAvyA che. madhyama ane moTA kadanI kathAogeM vibhAgIkaraNa ke vargIkaraNa khaNDakathA, sakalakathA, upakathA ane bRhatkathAmAM thAya che. AmAM khaNDa ane upa tathA sakala ane bRhat bahu najIkanA prakAro che. omanA vaccenI bhedarekhA atyanta sUkSma ke AchI-pAtaLI che. parantu hemacandrAcArya A bheda sacoTa rIte, lAghavathI spaSTa karI Ape che. je kathAmAM pUrvapracalita ane prasiddha avA kathAnakanA Adi, madhya ke antanA koI aMzane ja rajU karavAmAM Ave te khaNDakathA kahevAya. anuM dRSTAnta indumatInI kathA. parantu vividha kathAnakone sAMkaLIne sampUrNa kathAnaka siddha thAya te sakalakathA. anuM dRSTAnta samarAdityakathA. koI prasiddha kathAnA koI aeka pAtrane kendramA rAkhI kathAnuM svatantrarUpamA Alekhana thAya te upakathA. anuM dRSTAnta citralekhA. ane koI moTI kathAne vividha lambhakamAM vibhakta karI amAM mukhya pAtranI aneka ghaTanAo sAthe anya vyaktionI ghaTanAo paNa sAMkaLI levAmAM Ave te bRhatkathA. AnuM dRSTAnta naravAhanadattanI kathA. 'kathA' sandarbhe hemacandrAcAryanA 'kAvyAnuzAsanam'nA AThamA adhyAyanI sAmagrI, ahIM keTalIka vIgata sAthe darzana karyu, carcA karI, methI spaSTa thaze ja ke gujarAtI madhyakAlIna sAhityanA temaja anAM ja keTalAka aMgo-aMzo kaNTha paramparAnA sAhityamAM paNa UtarI Aja sudhI jaLavAyAM tenAM dazamIagIAramI sadInAM mULane paNa vastuniSTha likhita dastAvejI rUpanI sAmagrI che. gujarAtanI sAhitya, saMgIta, nRtya, nATaka jevI koi paNa kalAsaMskRtinAM udbhava-vikAsane jANavA mATe A srota ja pramANabhUta kahI zakAya. gujarAtanI kalA-saMskRtinAM mULa to prAcInatama che ja. 18 thI 22 lAkha varSa pUrve paNa gujarAta pradezamAM mAnavavasavATa hato onA purAtattvIya purAvA maLyA che. jeTalI

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122 anusandhAna-53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga-1 jUnI nigroiTa jAtinI azmIbhUta mAnava khopaDI maLI che. pachInA tabakkAnI keTalIka vigato veda, purANa ane jaina srotanA prAkRta bhASAnA granthone AdhAre tAravI zakIo chIo. parantu amAM anumAna, nigamanano AdhAra anivArya hovAthI koI cokkasa vIgatane 'tathya'nA rUpamAM tAravayU~ pramANamAM muzkela che. parantu aitihAsika yugamA pravezI) chIo, khAsa to ochAmAM ochaM gujarAtInuM bhASA-bolI tarIke- mULa baMdhAtuM AvyuM o navamI sadInA uttarArdhathI to gujarAtanI kalA-saMskRtine jANavAnuM zakya che. AThathI daza sudhIno gALo ja ovo che ke te samayamAM mULa Arya jAtinI ja hoya ovI tathA Aryetara jAtionI hoya avI aneka ToLIo gujarAtamAM AvI, sthAyI vasavATa karavA lAgI. navI bolI 'gujarAtI' amAMthI janmI. o sAthe ja te te jAtionA sthAyI vasavATa sAthe ja gujarAtItAnuM oka viziSTa rUpa, anI saMskRti baMdhAyAM. A gALo te gujarAtanI saMskRtinA pAraNAno ! o jANavAnuM ja prAcInatama zraddheya likhita dastAvejI pramANa te hemacandrAcAryanA siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana, kAvyAnuzAsana, chandonuzAsana, triSaSTizalAkApuruSa ane tevA anya grantho, TIkAo vagere. gujarAta mATe A mahattvanA che anuM kAraNa o che ke hemacandrAcArya pAse jema bhAratIya Arya paramparAnA sAhityanA jJAna-parizIlanano pAyo che, te sAthe ja, A kalikAlasarvajJa sAdhu-AcArya pAse gujarAtanI ja potIkI paramparAnI pratyakSarUpanI pUrNa taTastha chatAM lagAvapUrNa jANakArI che. triSaSTizalAkApuruSonA caritAlekhanane dRSTimAM rAkhatAM ja spaSTa thaze ke je anyamAM nathI te gujarAtItA, anI saMskAra-paramparA hemacandrAcAryamAM che. anya badhA ja sroto, anA grantho, sAhityarUpe, dharmagrantharUpe mUlyavAna che amAM zaGkAne kAraNa nathI ja, parantu tyAM sAmagrI kendramA che te taLa gujarAtanI nathI, anya kSetronI che, jyAre ahIM che te pUrI gujarAtI paramparA che. lagnane anA vidhi-peTAvidhi badhe ja bhAratabharamAM samAna che ja, tema chatAM gujarAtI-lagnamAM pasa bharavo, pIThI coLavI, varaghoDo kADhavo, jAnanuM prasthAna, lagnanI corI vagere Aje che tenuM ja dastAvejIkaraNa hemacandrAcArya-nirUpita prasaGgamAM che. vidhi ja nahIM, AnandotsavanAM nRtya, goraaNavaranI majAkanAM phaTANAM, avAM gItonI sAmagrI- Content - o badhuM ja amAM dastAvejI rUpamAM che. dhabakatuM che. AjanI paramparAnuM pravartana tyAM che. gujarAtanI mULa saMskRtinuM A rUpa te dazamI-agIAramI-bAramI sadInu. a

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Disembara 2010 123 pachI gujarAtItAmAM ne bhAratIyatAmAM arabbI-parziyana bhaLe che. saltanatakALa, mugalakALa, marAThAkALamAM amAM ghaNuM badhuM navaM Ave che, jUnuM lupta thAya che. uttarArdhanA trIjA sAMskRtika kALamAM poTUMgIjha, aMgrejI vagere prabhAva paDatA jAya che. bhASA/bolImAM ja nahIM, sAhityamAM, anya kalAomAM, paramparA ane jIvanaabhigama ane dRSTimAM parivartana Ave che. keTaluka anicchanIya paNa praveze che - je nathI ApaNI bhAratIyatAne ke nathI gujarAtItAne saMgata ! A sAMskRtika sandarbhe paNa navA gujarAtIyuganA prabhAvaka, aruNagujarAtanA bhAratIyastaranA prathama paNDita hemacandrAcArya ane omanuM sAhitya. gujarAtanI saMskRtinuM mukhya pravezadvAra hemacandrIya sAhitya che. 1, padmAvatI baMglojha, bhAvinaskUla-mahAlakSmIdhAma sAme, thalateja, amadAvAda-380059 dUrabhASa : 079-26853624