Jain Katha Sahitya Ek Chintan

Author(s): Devendramuni Shastri
Publisher: Z_Jayantsensuri_Abhinandan_Granth_012046.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/210609/1

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jainakathA - sAhitya : eka cintana (upAcArya zrI devendra munijI mahArAja) vizva ke sarvotkRSTa kAvya kI jananI kahAnI hai| kathA ke prati mAnava kA Arambha se hI sahaja AkarSaNa rahA hai| phalataH jIvana kA koI bhI aisA kSetra nahIM hai jisameM kahAnI kI madhurimA abhivyaJjata na huI ho| satya to yaha hai ki mAnava apane janma ke sAtha sAtha jo lAyA hai vaha apanI jindagI kI kahAnI kahate hue samApta karatA AyA hai| kahane aura sunane kI utkaNThA sArvabhauma hai| kathA ke AkarSaNa ko sabala banAne ke lie prAkRtika suSamA kahAnI sAhitya | meM eka viziSTa upakaraNa ke rUpa meM svIkRta hai| hamAre prAcInatama sAhitya meM kathA ke tattva jIvita haiN| Rgved meM jo saMsAra kA upalabdha sarvaprathama graMtha hai, stutiyoM ke rUpa meM kahAnI ke mUlatattva pAye jAte haiN| appalA AmeyI ke Adarza nArI caritra Rgved meM Ae haiN| brAhmaNagraMthoM meM hI hameM aneka kathAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN| zatapatha brAhmaNa kI pururavA aura urvazI kI kathA kisa ko jJAta nahIM hai? ye kahAniyA~ upaniSadakAla ke pUrva kI haiN| upaniSad ke samaya meM inakA abhinavatamarUpa dekhane ko milatA hai| gArgI yAjJavalkya saMvAda tathA satyakAma jAbAla Adi kathAe~ upaniSad kAla kI vikhyAta kathAe~ haiN| chAndogya upaniSad meM janazruti ke putra rAjA jAnazruti kI kathA kA citraNa milatA hai| purANoM meM kahAnI ke khule rUpa ke abhidarzana hote haiM / purANa vedAdhyayana kI kuJjI haiN| vedoM kI mUlabhUta kahAniyA~ purANoM kI kathAoM meM pallavita - prasphuTita huI haiN| purANa kathAoM kA AgAra hai| rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata meM bhI bahuta se prAkhyAna saMzliSTa haiN| rAmAyaNa kI apekSA mahAbhArata meM yaha vRtti adhika hai| eka prakAra se dekhA jAya to mahAbhArata kahAniyoM kA koSa hai| isa prakAra kathA sAhitya kI eka prAcIna paramparA hai jisameM vasudeva hiMdI paMcataMtra, hitopadeza, baitAla paMcaviMzatikA, siMhAsana dvAtriMzikA, zukasanati, bRhatkathAmaMjarI, kathAsaritsAgara, AkhyAnayAminI, jAtaka kathAe~ Adi vizeSataH ullekhya haiN| kathA sAhitya-saritA kI bahumukhI dhArA ke vega ko kSipragAmI aura pravahamAna banAne meM jaina kathAoM kA yogadAna mahanIya hai| jaina kathA usa punIta srotasvinI ke samAna hai jo kaI yugoM se apane madhura salila se jAne-anajAne dharatI ke anantakaNoM ko siMcita kara rahI hai| isa kathA saritA meM sarvatra mAnavatA kI lalita lola lahareM zailI- zilpa ke manorama sAmaMjasya se pariveSThita hai| yaha itanI vizada hai ki isake 'atha' tathA 'iti' kI parikalpanA karanA kaThina hai| isake 'jIvana' meM AdarzoM ke prati niSThA hai aura cirapoSita saMzayoM evaM avizvAsoM ke prati kabhI mauna aura kabhI santapta vidroha hai| isake do manorama taTa haiM - bhAva evaM krm| ina donoM bhavya kinAroM ke sahAre isa pravAhinI ne loka jIvana kI dUrI ko nApA hai, harSa-viSAda evaM zrImad jayaMtasenari abhinaMdana graMtha vAcanA EFF zrI devendra munijI mahArAja saMkIrNatA udAratA ke aparimita mantavyoM ko pahicAnA hai, virAmahIna yAtrA ke kaTu anubhavoM ko parakhA hai evaM do vibhinna yugoM ke alagAva ko bhI samajhA hai| isa jaina-kathA-taTinI kI gAthA bar3I suhAvanI hai| " vastutaH jaina kathAoM kI vyApakatA meM vizva kI vibhinna kathA vArtAoM ko prazraya milA hai| phalataH jagata kI kahAniyoM meM jaina kathAoM kI sA~seM kisI na kisI rUpa meM saMcarita hotI rahatI haiN| eka ora inameM virakti aura saMcaya sadAcAra kI pratidhvaniyA~ haiM to dUsarI ora jIvana ke zAzvata sukha svara-bhI gaharI AsthA ko lie hue yahA~ mukhara haiN| saMskRti, jitanI adhika kathAoM ke antarAla meM sannihita hai, utanI adhika sAhitya kI anya vidhAoM meM parilakSita nahIM ho pAI hai| mAnava jIvana ke jisa sArvajanika satya kI mATI meM saMskRti ke ciraMtana tattvoM kI pratiSThA mAnI gaI hai usakA prathama unmeSa inhI jaina kathAoM meM sulabha hai| ina kahAniyoM kI garimA evaM upayogitA ko na kAla-bheda kSINakara sake haiM aura na vyaktigata haThIlA gumAna dhUmila banA sakA hai| pratyuta kAla khaMDoM kI prAcInatA ne ina kathAoM ko adhika saphala banAyA hai evaM vaiyaktika avarodhoM ne unakI vyApakatA ko vizeSataH aparihArya pramANita kara diyA hai| 6 jaina paramparA ko mUla AgamoM meM dvAdazAMgI pradhAna aura prakhyAta hai| unameM nAyAdhammakahA, uvAsagadasAo, antagaDadsA anuttaropapAtika, tathA vipAka sUtra Adi samagra rUpa meM kathAtmaka haiN| inake atirikta uttarAdhyayana sUyagaDAMga, bhagavatI ThANAMga Adi meM bhI aneka rUpaka evaM kathAe~ hai jo atIva bhAvapUrNa evaM prabhAvanA pUrNa haiN| taraMgavatI, samarAccakahA tathA kuvalayamAlA Adi anekAneka svataMtra kathAgraMtha vizva kI sarvottama kathA vibhUti haiN| isa sAhitya kA savidhi adhyayana- anuzIlana kiyA jAe to aneka abhinava evaM tathyapUrNa udbhAvanAe~ tathA srota dRSTipatha para dRSTigata hoNge| jisase jaina kathA vAGmaya kI prAcInatA vaidika kathAoM se bhI adhika prAcInatama parilakSita hogii| jainoM kA purAtana sAhitya to kathAoM se pUrNataH pariveSThita hai| prasiddha zodha manISI DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla 'lokakathAe~ aura unakA saMgrahakArya' zIrSaka nibandha meM likhate haiM- "bauddhoM ne prAcIna jAtakoM kI zailI ke atirikta avadAna nAmaka naye kathA-sAhitya kI racanA kI jisake kaI saMgraha (avadAnazataka divyAvadAna Adi) upalabdha haiN| kintu isa kSetra meM jaisA nirmANa jaina lekhakoM ne kiyA vaha vistAra, 27 viSaya vAsanA dila basI, kAma bhoga kI daur3a / jayantasena pataMgavata, Akhira jIvana chor3abrary.org

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vividhatA aura bahubhASAoM ke mAdhyama kI dRSTi se bhAratIya sAhitya jaina kathAoM kA vargIkaraNa meM advitIya hai| vikrama saMvat ke Arambha se lekara unnIsavIM zatI jaina kathA vAGmaya eka vizAla AgAra hai jise kisI nizcita taka jaina sAhitya meM kathA graMthoM kI avicchinnadhArA pAyI jAtI hai| paridhi meM nibaddha karanA sahaja nahIM hai tathApi kathA sAhitya ke vizAradoM yaha kathA sAhitya itanA vizAla hai ki isake samucita sampAdana aura ne apane bhagIratha yatna-prayala kie haiN| dIrgha nikAya ke brahmajAla sutra prakAzana ke lie pacAsa varSoM se kama samaya kI apekSA nahIM hogii| meM eka sthAna para kathAoM ke aneka bheda kie haiM - (1) rAjakathA jaina sAhitya meM loka-kathAoM kA khulakara svAgata huaa| bhAratIya (2) corakathA (3) mahAmAtyakathA (4) sena kathA (5) bhayakathA loka-mAnasa para madhyakAlIna sAhitya kI jo chApa Aja abhI taka (6) yuddhakathA (7) annakathA (8) pAnakathA (9) vastrakathA surakSita hai usameM jaina kahAnI sAhitya kA paryApta aMza hai| sadayavaccha (10) zayanakathA (11) mAlAkathA (12) gaMdhakathA (13) jJAtikathA sAvaliMga kI kahAnI kA jAyasI ne 'padmAvata' meM aura usase bhI pahale (14) yAna kathA (15) grAmakathA (16) nigamakathA (17) nagarakathA abdula rahamAna ne saMdezarAsaka meM ullekha kiyA hai| yaha kahAnI bihAra (18) janapadakathA (19) strIkathA (20) puruSakathA (21) zUrakathA se rAjasthAna aura viMdhya pradeza ke gA~va-gA~va meM janatA ke kaMTha-kaMTha (22) vizikhA kathA (bAjArU gaNe) (23) kuMbhasthAna kathA (panaghaTa meM basI hai| kitane hI graMthoM ke rUpa meM bhI vaha jaina sAhitya kA aMga kI kahAniyA~) (24) pUrvapratakathA (gUjaroM kI kahAniyA~) (25) nirarthaka kathA (26) lokAkhyAyikA (27) smudraakhyaayikaa| kathA ke bhedoM jaina kathA ko kathAkAroM ne saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza Adi kaI kA nirUpaNa karate hue AgamoM meM akathA, vikathA, kathA tIna bheda bhASAoM meM praNayana kara eka ora bhASA ko samRddha kiyA hai to dUsarI kie gae haiN| unameM kathA to upAdeya haiM, zeSa tyAjya! upAdeyakathA ora janatA kI bhAvanA ko pariSkRta-pratiSThita kiyA hai| janapadIya ke vibhinna rUpoM kA vargIkaraNa viSaya, zailI, pAtra, evaM bhASA ke boliyoM meM bhI jaina lekhakoM ne kathAsAhitya ko paryApta mAtrA meM AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| racA-likhA hai| jainAcAryoM ne ina kathAoM ke mAdhyama se gahana saiddhAntika sAdhAraNatayA jaina kathAoM ko agrAMkita cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta tattvoM ko sugama banAyA hai tathA zrAvakoM evaM sAdhAraNa janatA ne inake kiyA jA sakatA hai12- (1) dharma sambandhI kathAe~ (2) artha sambandhI dvArA apanI sahaja pravRttiyoM ko vizuddha banAne kA satat prayala kiyA kathAe~ (3) kAma sambandhI kathAe~ (4) mokSa sambandhI kthaaeN| isa hai| jaina vidvAnoM ne ina AkhyAnoM meM mAnavajIvana ke kRSNa aura zukla vargIkaraNa meM bhI mokSaviSayaka bhAvanA sarvatra vidyamAna hai| isake antargata pakSoM ko ujAgara kiyA hai lekina AkhyAna kA samApana zukla pakSa virakti, tyAga, tapasyA, pUjA, Adi dhArmika ciMtana evaM kRtya svayaM kI pradhAnatA digdarzita kara AdarzavAda ko pratiSThita kiyA hai| kathA hI sannihita haiM kyoMki jaina kathAoM kA lakSya dharma kI mahimA ko sAhitya kI dRSTi se jaina sAhitya bauddha sAhitya kI apekSA adhika batAnA tathA dharmAnumodita AcAra kA pracAra karanA hai| prakArAntara se saphala aura samRddha hai jaina kathAoM meM bhUta, vartamAna duHkha sukha kI jainakathAoM ko isa prakAra se bhI vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| vyAkhyA yA kAraNa nirdeza ke rUpa meM AtA hai| vaha gauNa hai| mukhya yathA - (1) dhArmika (2) aitihAsika (3) sAmAjika (4) upadezAtmaka hai vrtmaan| jabaki bauddha jAtakoM meM vartamAna amukhya hai| vahA~ baudhisatva (4) manoraMjanAtmaka (6) alaukika (7) naitika (8) pazu-pakSI sambandhI kI sthiti vigata kAla meM hI rahatI hai| isameM aneka rUpaka kahAniyA~ (9) gAthAe~ (10) zApa-varadAna viSayaka (11) vyavasAya sambandhI bhI haiN| eka udAharaNa denA paryApta hogaa| eka tAlAba hai| usameM khile (12) vividha (13) yAtrA sambandhI (14) guru ziSya sambandhI (15) hue kamala bhare haiN| madhya meM eka bar3A kamala hai| cAra ora se cAra devIdevatA sambandhI (16) zakunApazakuna sambandhI (17) maMtra-taMtrAdi manuSya Ate haiM aura ve usa bar3e kamala ko hathiyAnA cAhate haiN| prayala sambandhI (18) buddhi parIkSaNa sambandhI (19) vividha jAtivarga sambandhI karate haiM parantu saphala nahIM hote| eka bhikSu tAlAba ke kinAre se kucha (20) viziSTa nyAya viSayaka (21) kAlpanika kathAe~ (22) prkiirnnk| zabda bolakara usa bar3e kamala ko prApta kara letA hai| yaha sUyagaDa (sUtrakRtAMga) Agama kI rUpaka-kahAnI hai| isa rUpaka ke dvArA yaha mA lekina merI dRSTi se sampUrNa bhAratIya kathA sAhitya ko cAra samajhAyA gayA hai ki viSayabhoga kA tyAgI-sAdhu rAjA-mahArAjA Adi pramukha vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai. anura kA saMsAra se uddhAra kara detA hai| isa prAcIna kathA sAhitya se. (1) nItikathA (Didatic tales) jisakA Upara varNana huA hai, tattvagrahaNa kara Age ke lekhakoM ne (2) dharmakathA (Religious tales) saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM aneka kahAniyA~ racI haiN| apabhraMza (3) lokakathA (Folk or Popular tales) ke 'paumacariu' evaM 'bhavisayattakahA' nAmaka graMtha kahAnI sAhitya kI (4) rUpaka kathA (Allegorical tales) amUlya nidhi hai| inameM aneka upadeza prada kahAniyA~ upalabdha hotI sthAnAMga sUtra meM kathA ke tIna bheda batAe gae haiM - tivihAkahA haiN| adhika kyA kahA jAe, kathAoM ke samUha ke samUha jaina AcAryoM - atthakahA, kAmakahA, dhmmkhaa| - sUtra 189 / ina bhedoM ke pazcAt ne raca DAle haiM jinake dvArA jainadharma kA pracAra bhI huA hai aura dhArmika sthAnAMga sUtra 292 meM dharmakathA ke upabheda bhI batAe gae haiN| isakA siddhAntoM ko bala bhI milA hai| ina kathAoM meM jIvana ke udAtta pramukha kAraNa yaha hai ki artha-kathA aura kAmakathA saMsAra vivarddhaka evaM zAzvata satyoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai| sAMsArika vaibhava-vilAsa se hone ke kAraNa jaina AcAryoM ko usakA varNa abhipreta hI nahIM thaa| virakti meM jaina kathAe~ prayojanAsaddha hetu kA kAma karatI haiN| unakI pramukha ruci dharmakathA kI ora hI thii| isalie unhoMne sthAnAga sUna zrImad jayaMtasenasUri abhinaMdana aMtha/vAcanA bhogI bana kara mAnavI, pAtA kaSTa mahAna / jayantasena tana bala dhana, tInoM khovata jAna / :

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(1) AkSepiNI (2) vikSepaNI (3) saMveginI (4) nirvedinI - dharmakathA abhIpsA mAnava meM AdikAla se rhii| hai| veda, upaniSad mahAbhArata ke ye cAra bheda batAe haiN| Agama aura tripiTaka kI hajAroM lAkhoM kahAniyA~ isa bAta kI sAkSI aupadezika kathA saMgraha haiM ki mAnava kitane cAva se kahAnI ko kahatA va sunatA AyA hai caraNakaraNAnuyoga viSayaka sAhitya dharmopadeza yA aupadezika aura usake mAdhyama se dharma aura darzana, nIti aura sadAcAra, prakaraNoM ke rUpa meM udbhUta evaM vikasita huA hai| dharmopadeza meM saMyama, bauddhika-caturAI aura prabala parAkrama, parivAra aura samAja sambandhI zIla, tapa, tyAga aura vairAgya Adi bhAvanAoM ko pramukhatA dI gaI gahana samasyAoM ko sundara rIti se sulajhAtA rahA hai| hai| jaina sAdhu pravacanArambha meM kucha zabdoM yA zlokoM meM apanI dharmadezanA kAzramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra jahA~ dharma-darzana va adhyAtma ke gambhIra kA prasaMga batA detA hai aura phira eka lambIsI manoraMjaka kahAnI kahane prarUpaka the, vahA~ eka saphala kathAkAra bhI the| ve apane pravacanoM meM lagatA hai jisameM aneka romAMcaka ghaTanAe~ hotI hai aura aneka bAra jahA~ dArzanika viSayoM kI gambhIra carcA-vArtA karate the vahA~ laghu rUpakoM kathA ke bhItara kathA nikalatI jAtI hai| isa prakAra ye aupadezika evaM kathAoM kA bhI prayoga karate the| prAcIna nirdezikA se parijJAta prakaraNa atyanta mahanIya kathA sAhitya se ApUrNa haiM jisameM upanyAsa, hotA hai ki nAyAdhamma kahA meM kisI samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA dRSTAntakathA, prANinItikathA, purANa kathA, parikathA nAnAvidha kautuka kathita hajAroM rUpaka va kathAoM kA saMkalana thaa| aura adbhuta kathAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN| jaina manISiyoM ne isa prakAra sa AryarakSita ne anuyogoM ke AdhAra para AgamoM ko cAra bhAgoM ke vizAla aupadezika kathA sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai| dharmopadeza meM vibhakta kiyA thaa| usameM dharmakathAnuyoga bhI eka vibhAga thaa| prakaraNa ke antargata jo upadeza mAlA, upadeza prakaraNa, upadeza digambara sAhitya meM dharmakathAnuyoga ko hI prathamAnuyoga kahA hai| rasAyana, upadeza cintAmaNi, upadeza kandalI, upadezataraMgiNI, prathamAnayoga meM kyA-kyA varNana hai,usakA bhI unhoMne nirdeza kiyA bhAvanAsAgara Adi ardhazataka racanAoM kA vivaraNa 'jaina sAhitya ke bRhad itihAsa' caturthamAga meM saMkalita hai| digambara sAhitya meM yadyapi batAyA jA cukA hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIra eka ucca koTike aise aupadezika prakaraNoM kI kamI hai jinapara kathA-sAhitya racA gayA saphala kathAkAra bhI the| unake dvArA kahI gaI kathAe~ Aja bhI ho phira bhI kundakunda ke SaTaprAbhRta kI TIkA meM, vaTTakera ke 'mUlAcAra' Agama-sAhitya meM upalabdha hotI haiN| kucha kahAniyA~ aisI bhI haiM jo me, zivArya kI bhagavatI ArAdhanA tathA ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcArAdi kI bhinna nAmoM se yA rUpAntara se vaidika va bauddha sAhitya meM hI upalabdha TIkAoM meM aupadezika kathAoM ke saMgraha sulabha hote haiN| nahIM hotI apitu videzI sAhitya meM bhI milatI haiN| udAharaNArtha - katipaya kathAkozoM kA vivaraNa jJAtAdharma kathA kI 7 vIM cAvala ke pA~ca dAne vAlI kathA kucha rUpAntara aupadezika kathA sAhitya ke anukaraNa para aneka kathAkozoM ke sAtha bauddhoM ke sarvAstivAda ke vinayavastu tathA bAibila meM bhI kA sRjana huA hai| inameM katipaya kathAkozoM kA saMkSipta nAma denA prApta hotI hai| isI prakAra jinapAla aura jinarakSita kI kahAnI yahA~ samIcIna hogaa| valAhassajAtakara va divyAvadAna meM nAmoM ke hera phera ke sAtha kahI (1) bRhatkathA koSa (2) ArAdhanA satkathA prabaMdha (3) kathAkoSa gaI hai| uttarAdhyayana ke bAraha veM adhyayana hari kezabala kI kathAvastu (4) kathA koSa prakaraNa (5) kathAratna koza (6) kathAmaNi koza mAtaMga jAtakaca meM milatI hai| terahaveM adhyayana citra saMbhUta kI (7) kathA mahodadhi (8) bharatezvara bAhubali vRtti (9) kalpamaMjarI kathAvastu cittasaMbhUta jAtaka' meM prAptahotI hai| caudahaveM adhyayana (10) bratakathA koza (11) kathAvalI (12) kathA samAsa iSukAra kI kathA hatthipAla jAtaka va mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva meM (13) kathArNava (14) kathA ratnAkara (15) kathAnaka koza upalabdha hotI hai| uttarAdhyayana ke nauveM adhyayana 'namipravajyA' kI (16) kathA saMgraha (17) puNyAzrava kathA koza (18) kumArapAla AMzika tulanA mahAjana jAtaka' tathA mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva se pratibaMdha (19) dharmAbhyudaya (20) samyaktva kaumudI (21) dharmakalpadruma hotI hai| isa prakAra mahAvIra ke kathA sAhitya kA anuzIlana parizIlana (22) dAna prakAza (23) upadeza prAsAda (24) dhrmkthaa| karane se spaSTa parijJAta hotA hai ki ye kathA kahAniyA~ AdikAla se prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya 16 hI eka sampradAya se dUsare sampradAya meM eka deza se dUsare deza meM kathA-kahAnI sAhitya kI eka pramukha vidhA hai jo sabase adhika yAtrA karatI rahI haiN| kahAniyoM kI yaha vizvayAtrA unake zAzvata aura lokapriya aura manamohaka hai| kalA ke kSetra meM kahAnI se bar3hakara sundara rUpa kI sAkSI de rahI hai; jisapara sadA hI janamAnasa mugdha hotA abhivyakti kA itanA sundara evaM sarasa sAdhana anya nahIM hai| kahAnI rahA hai| vizva kI sarvotkRSTa kAvya kI jananI hai aura saMsAra kA sarvazreSTha mUla Agama sAhitya meM kathA-sAhitya kA vargIkaraNa arthakathA, sarasa sAhitya hai| kahAnI ke prati mAnava kA sahaja va svAbhAvika dharmakathA aura kAmakathA ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| paravartI sAhitya AkarSaNa hai| phalatayA jIvana kA aisA koI bhI kSetra nahIM jisameM meM viSaya, pAtra, zailI aura bhASA kI dRSTi se bheda-prabheda kie gae kahAnI kI madhurimA abhivyaJjita na huI ho| saca to yaha hai ki haiN| AcArya haribhadra ne viSaya kI dRSTi se arthakathA, kAmakathA, dharmakathA mAnava kA jIvana bhI eka kahAnI hai jisakA prArambha janma ke sAtha aura mizrakathA ye cAra bheda kie haiN| vidyAdi dvArA artha prApta karane aura mRtyu ke sAtha avasAna hotA hai| kahAnI kahane aura sunane kI kI jo kathA hai vaha arthakathA hai jisa zrRMgArapUrNa varNana ko zravaNakara zrImad jayaMtasenasari abhinaMdana graMthAvAcanA ajJAnI bana kara phaMsA, kiyA bahuta saMbhoga / jayantasena binA damana, udita ho kaI roga //

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hRdaya meM vikAra bhAvanAe~ udbuddha hoM vaha kAmakathA hai| aura jisase A jAne se manoraMjana va kutUhala kA prAyaH abhAva thA kintu vyAkhyA artha va kAma donoM bhAvanAe~ jAgrata hoM, vaha mizrakathA hai| ye tInoM sAhitya kI kathAoM meM yaha bAta nahIM hai| Agamayuga kI kathAe~ caritra prakAra kI kathAe~ AdhyAtmika arthAt saMyamI jIvana ko dUSita karane pradhAna hone se vizeSavistAra vAlI hotI thIM para vyAkhyA sAhitya kI vAlI hone se vikathA hai| vikathA ke strIkathA. bhaktakathA, dezakathA kathAe~ saMkSipta, aitihAsika, arddha aitihAsika, paurANika sabhI prakAra aura rAjakathA ye cAra bheda aura bhI milate haiN| jainazramaNa ke lie kI haiN| vikathA karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| jaisA ki maiM Upara batA AyA vimalasUri kA paumacariya aura harivaMsacariya, zIlAMkAcArya kA huuN| use vahI kathA kahanI cAhie jisako zravaNa kara zrotA ke antarmAnasa cauppaNa mahApurisacariyaM, guNapAlamuni kA jambUcariyaM, dhanezvara kA meM vairAgya kA payodhi uchAleM mArane lage, vikAra bhAvanAe~ naSTa hoM evaM surasundarI cariyaM, nemicandra kA rayaNacUDarAyacariyaM, guNacandragaNi kA saMyama kI bhAvanAe~ jAgrata hoN| tapa saMyamarUpI sadguNoM ko dhAraNa pAsanAhacariyaM aura mahAvIra cariya, devendra sUri kA suMdasaNacariya aura karane vAle, paramArthI mahApuruSoM kI kathA, jo sampUrNa jIvoM kA hitakarane kahAcariya, mAnatuMga suri kA jayantI prakaraNa, candraprabhamahattari kA vAlI hai, vaha dharmakathA kahalAtI hai| 25 pAtroM ke AdhAra se divya, candakevalI cariya, devacandrasUri kA saMtinAhacariya, zAntisUri kA mAnuSa aura divyamAnuSa, ye tInabheda kathA ke kie gae haiN| jina kathAoM puhabIcandacariya, maladhArI hemacandra kA neminAhacariya, zrIcandra kA meM divyaloka meM rahanevAle devoM ke kriyA kalApoM kA citraNa ho aura muNisuvvayasAmicariya, devendrasUri ke ziSya zrI candrasUri kA saNaMkumAra usI ke AdhAra se kathAvastu kA nirmANa ho, ve divya kathAe~ haiN| cariya, somaprabhasUri kA sumatinAhacariya, nemacandrasUri kA anantagrAha mAnuSa kathA ke pAtra mAnava loka meM rahate haiN| unake cAritra meM mAnavatA cariya evaM ratnaprabha kA neminAhacariya prasiddha caritAtmaka kAvyagraMtha haiN|" ke pratinidhi hote haiN| kisI-kisI mAnuSa kathA meM aise manuSyoM kA inameM kathA aura AkhyAnikA kA apUrva saMmizraNa huA hai| inameM buddhi citraNa bhI hotA hai jinakA caritra upAdeya nahIM hotaa| divya mAnuSI mAhAtmya, laukika AcAra-vicAra, sAmAjika paristhiti aura rAjanaitika kathA atyanta sundara kathA hotI hai| kathAnaka kA guMphana kalAtmaka hotA vAtAvaraNa kA sundara citraNa huA hai| ina carita graMthoM meM "kathArasa" hai| cAritra aura ghaTanA paristhiyoM kA vizad va mArmika citraNa, kI apekSA "carita" kI hI pradhAnatA hai| hAsya-vyaMgya Adi manovinoda, saundarya ke vibhanna rUpa, isa kathA meM mA prAkRta sAhitya meM vizuddha kathA sAhitya kA prArambha taraMgavatI eka sAtha rahate haiN| isameM deva aura manuSya ke caritra kA mizrita se hotA hai| vikrama kI tIsarI zatI meM pAdalipta sari ne prastata kathA varNana hotA hai| zailI kI dRSTi se sakalakathA, khaNDakathA, ullApakathA, kA praNayana kiyaa| karuNa, zrRMgAra aura zAMtarasa kI triveNI isameM eka parihAsakathA aura saMkIrNakathA ye pA~ca bheda kiya gae haiN| sakalakathA sAtha pravAhita huI hai| isI prakAra kI dUsarI kRti AcArya haribhadra kI meM cAroM puruSArtha, nau rasa, Adarza caritra aura janma janmAntaroM ke samarAicca kahA hai| isa kathA meM pratizodha bhAvanA kA bar3A hI hRdayagrAhI saMskAroM kA varNana rahatA hai| jainakathA sAhitya guNa aura pariNAma citraNa kiyA gayA hai| dhAkhyAna bhI iribhadasari kI eka mahattvaparNa donoM hI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai| jana jIvana kA pUrNatayA citraNa kRti hai| bhAratIya kathA sAhitya meM lAkSaNika zailI meM likhI gaI usameM kiyA gayA hai| isa vRti kA sthAna mUrdhanya hai| isaprakAra kI vyaMgyapradhAna anya racanAe~ Agama sAhitya meM bIjarUpa se kathAe~ milatI haiM to niyukti dRSTigocara nahIM hotii| bhASya, cUrNi aura TIkA sAhitya meM usakA pUrNa nikhAra dRSTigocara kavalayamAlA haribhadasara ke ziSya udyotana sari ke dvArA racita hotA hai| hajAro laghu va vRhat kathAe unama AyA h| AgamakAlAna hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA lobha aura moha ina vikAroM kA duSpariNAma kathAoM kI yaha mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai ki usameM upamAoM aura batalAne ke lie aneka avAntara kathAoM ke dvArA viSaya kA nirUpaNa dRSTAntoM kA avalaMbana lekara jana-jIvana ko dharma siddhAntoM kI ora adhikAdhika AkarSita kiyA gayA hai| una kathAoM kI utpatti, upamAna, 7 samarAicca kahA aura kuvalayamAlA kI paramparA ko Age bar3hAte rUpaka aura pratIkoM ke AdhAra se huI hai| yaha satya hai ki AgamakAlIna hue zIlAMkAcArya ne caupanna mahApurisacariya kI racanA kI hai| isameM kathAoM meM saMkSepa karane ke lie yatra-tatra 'vaNNao' ke rUpa meM saMketa jainadharma ke cauvana mahApuruSoM ke janmajanmAntara kI kathAe~ gumphita kI kiyA gayA hai jisase kathA ko par3hate samaya usake varNana kI samagratA gaI haiN| jainadharma meM mahApuruSoM kI saMkhyA tirasaTha kahI gaI hai| lekina kA jo AnaMda AnA cAhie, usameM kamI raha jAtI hai| vyAkhyA sAhitya zIlAMkAcArya ne usa paramparA se alaga yaha saMkhyA cauvana mAnI hai| meM yaha pravRtti nahIM apanAI gii| kathAoM meM jahA~ Agama sAhitya meM surasundarIcaritra ke racayitA dhanezvarasUri ne lIlAvaI kahA ke kevala dhArmika bhAvanA kI pradhAnatA thI, vahA~ vyAkhyA sAhitya meM racayitA kautUhala ke mArga kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| graMtha kI cAra sAhityikatA bhI apanAyI gii| ekarUpatA ke sthAna para vividhatA aura hajAra gAthAoM meM jainadharma ke siddhAntoM ke nirUpaNa kI AdhAra zilA navInatA kA prayoga kiyA jAne lgaa| pAtra, viSaya, pravRtti, vAtAvaraNa, para premakathA kA prastutikaraNa vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai| uddezya, rUpagaThana, evaM nIti saMzleSa pravRti sabhI dRSTiyoM se Agamika kathAoM kI apekSA vyAkhyA sAhitya kI kathAoM meM vizeSatA va saMvega raMgazAlA jinacandra racita rUpaka kathA hai| saMvega bhAva ke navInatA AyI hai| AgamakAlIna kathAoM meM dhArmikatA kA puTa adhika nirUpaNa hetu aneka kathAe~ isameM gumphita kI gaI haiN| jinadattAkhyAna zrImad jayaMtasenasUri abhinaMdana graMthAvAcanA bhogI mata bana manuja tU, mata kara jIvana nAza / jayantasena samajha binA, mAnavatA kI lAza //

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aura antima bhavisayatta kA saMgraha meM bAraha kathAsaMkalana dRSTiyoM kA karatI hai| pAta svayaMbhU se ho kI kathA kA praNayana AcArya sumatisUri ne kiyA hai| kathA atyanta se to prApta thii| isameM prayukta kathAoM ke sUtra bhAratIya purANoM se rasaprada hai| milate-julate haiN| apabhraMza ke prabandhakAvya ko kathA kAla kahanA adhika mahezvasUri ne jJAnapaMcamI kathA meM zrutapaMcamIvrata kA mAhAtmya batAne upayukta hai kyoMki isameM kathA kI mukhyatA rahatI hai cAhe kathA paurANika ke lie rasa kathAoM kA sRjana kiyA hai| ina kathAoM meM prathama jayasena ho yA kaalpnik| jaina apabhraMza.kI prAyaH samasta prabandhAtmaka kathAkahA aura antima bhavisayatta kahA mahattvapUrNa hai| narmadA sundarIra ke kRtiyA~ padyabaddha haiM aura prAya: sabake carita nAyaka yA to paurANika racayitA mahendrasUri haiN| 'prAkRta kathA saMgraha' meM bAraha kathAoM kA suMdara haiM yA jainadharma ke niSThApUrNa anuyaayii| bhASA, chaMda, kavitva, sabhI saMkalana huA hai| lekhaka kA nAma ajJAta hai| sirivAlakahA kA saMkalana dRSTiyoM se kathA kRtiyA~ apabhraMza sAhitya kA utkRSTa aura mahanIya ratlazekhara sUri ne kiyA hai| saMkalana samaya saM. 1428 hai| Adhunika rUpa pradarzita karatI haiN| upanyAsa ke sabhI guNa prastuta kathAnaka meM vidyamAna haiN| aprabhaMza kathA sAhitya kA sUtrapAta svayaMbhU se hotA hai unakA jinaharSasUri ne vikrama saMvat 1487 meM 'rayaNasehara nivakahA' 'paumacariu' rAmakathA kA jainarUpa darzAtA hai| yaha saMskRta ke 'padmapurANa' arthAt ralazekhara nRpati kathA kA praNayana kiyaa| jAyasI ke 'padmAvata' (raviSeNakRta) aura prAkRta ke vimalasUrikRta 'paumacariu' se utprerita kI kathA kA mUla prastuta kathA hai| DaoN. nemIcandra jaina zAstrI isa kathA hai| svayaMbhU ne isameM apanI maulika ghaTanAoM ko bhI nibaddha kiyA ko 'padmAvata' kA pUrvarUpa svIkArate haiN| mahivAla kathA ke racayitA vIradeva gaNi haiN| isa graMtha kI prazasti yA puSpadaMta praNIta 'tisaTThi mahApurisaguNAlaMkAru' arthAt triSaSTi se avagata hotA hai ki devabhadrasUri candraguccha meM hue the| inake ziSya zalAkA puruSa guNAlaMkAra 'mahApurANa' hI saMjJA se vikhyAta hai| Adi siddhasenasari aura siddhasenasari ke ziSya manicandrasari the| vIradevagaNi purANa aura uttarapurANa ina do khaNDoM meM tresaTha zalAkA puruSoM ke municandra ke ziSya the|" viNTaranitsa ne eka saMskRta 'mahipAlacarita' carita zabdita haiN| isakA zloka parimANa bIsa hajAra hai| puSpadaMta kI kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai jisake racayitA caritra sundara batalAye haiN| dUsarI kRti 'NAyakumAracariTha' meM nau sandhiyA~ haiN| 'jasarahacariu' puSpadaMta ukta pramukha kathA racanAoM ke atirikta saMgha tilaka sari dvArA kI cAra saMdhiyoM kI racanA hai jo muni yazodhara kI jIvana kathA ko viracita ArAmasohA kathA, paMDiaghaNavAla kahA, puNyacUla kahA, prastuta karatI hai| ArogyadujakahA, rohaguttakahA, vajjakaNNanivakahA, suhajakahA aura teisaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ke caritra ko padmakIrti ne apanIkRti mallavAdI kahA, bhaddabAhukahA, pAdaliptAcArya kahA, siddhasena divAkara 'pAsacariu' meM unake pUrvabhavoM (janmoM) kI kathA ke sAtha citrita kiyA kahA, nAgayatra kahA, bAhyAbhyantara kAminI kathA, metArya munikathA, hai| dhavala kI vizAla apabhraMzakRti 'riTThaNemicariu' arthAt dravadaMta kathA, padmazekhara kathA, saMgrAmazUra kathA, candralekhA kathA evaM 'harivaMzapurANa' meM eka so bAisa saMdhiyA~ hai| narasundara kathA Adi bIsa kathAe~ upalabdha haiN| devacandrasUrikA SE apabhraMza ke madhyakAlIna arthAt dasavIM zatI ke dhanapAla viracita kAlikAcArya kathAnaka evaM ajJAtanAmaka kavi kI malayA sundarI kathA kathAkAvya 'bhavisayattakahA' AdhyAtmika caritakAvya hai| DaoN. Aditya vistRta kathAe~ haiN| prAkRta kathA sAhitya meM kucha aisI kathA kRtiyA~ pracaMDiyA 'dIti' isa kathA kAvya meM dhArmika bojhilatA na mAnate hue upalabdha hotI haiM jinakA lakSya kathA ko manoraMjaka rUpa meM prastuta laikika jIvana ke eka nahIM aneka citra gumphita honA svIkArate haiN| karanA na hokara jaina muniyoM dvArA pAThakoM ko upadeza pradAna karanA rahA isa kRti ko 'suyapaMcamIkahA' arthAt zrutapaMcamI kathA bhI kahate haiN| hai| isa prakAra kI upadezaprada kathAoM meM dharmadAsa gaNi kI upadezamAlA, isameM jJAnapaMcamI ke phala-varNana svarUpa bhavisayatta kI kathA bAisa jayasiMha sUri kI dharmopadezamAlA, jayakIrti kI zIlopadezamAlA, saMdhiyoM meM hai| kathA kA mUlasvara vratarUpa hote hue bhI jinendrabhakti se vijayasiMhasUri kI mukta sundarI, maladhArI hemacandrasUri kI upadezamAlA, anuprANita hai|52 sAhaDa kI viveka maJjarI, munisundara sUri kA upadezaratnAkara, zubhavardhana vIra kavi kI apabhraMza kRti "jaMbUsAmicariu' meM jainadharma ke gaNi kI vardhamAna dezanA evaM somavipala kI dazaddaSTAnta gItA Adi aMtima kevalI jaMbUsvAmI kA carita gyAraha sandhiyoM meM kahA gayA hai| racanAe~ mahattvapUrNa haiN| 5 upadeza kathAoM meM upadeza kI pradhAnatA hai| isakA racanAkAla vikrama saMvat 1076 hai| vIra kavi kI isa kRti anya viSaya gauNa haiN| meM aitihAsika mahApuruSa jaMbUsvAmI ke pUrvabhavoM tathA unake vicAroM aura yuddhoM kA varNana abhivyajjita hai| isameM samAviSTa antarkathAe~ apabhraMza jaina kathA sAhitya mukhyakathAvastu ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka bana par3I hai|3|| apabhraMza kathAkAvya ke vastutattva ke vikAsa aura alaMkaraNa paMcaparameSThi namaskAra mahAmaMtra ke mahattva ko darzAyA hai vikrama saMvata 1100 ke praNetA nayanaMdI ne apanI bAraha saMdhiyoM vAlI racanA upalabdha haiN| apabhraMza kathA-kAvya ke nirmAtA eka vizeSa yuga aura 'madaMsaNacariu' meN| sudarzana kA carita zIlamAhAtmya ke lie jainajagata dRSTi se prabhAvita the| kathA kahakara kutUhala jagAnA yA mAtra manovinoda meM vikhyAta hai|54 gyArahavIM zatI ke digambara muni kanakAmara kI kRti karanA inakA lakSya nahIM thaa| ve aise kathA sAhitya kI racanA karanA 'karakaNDacariu' dasa saMdhiyoM kI racanA hai| jisameM karakaMDu kI mukhya cAhate the, jisase kAvyakalA ke vidhAna aura uddezya kI pUrti ke sAtha kathA ke sAtha sAtha nau avAMtara kathAe~ haiM jo jainadharma ke sadAcAramaya naitikatA aura dhArmika uddezya bhI pratiphalita ho jaaeN| kore sAhityakAroM jIvana ko tathA rAjA ko nIti kI zikSA dene ke lie varNita haiN| yA dharmavAdiyoM kI apekSA inakA dRSTikoNa kucha udAra aura kathA ke prasAra aura varNana meM vyApakatA hai| isa kRti kI kathA meM lokakalyANakArI thaa| kathA sAhitya kI yaha virAsata inheM paramparA loka kathAoM kI jhalaka draSTavya hai|5 vya sabhI kathA kAvyoM meM samAnarUpa sa masaNacarita' meN| sudarzana kA carita zAbara muni kanakAmara kI kRti 31 zrImadbayaMtasenasariabhinaMdana graMthAvAcanA Jain Education Interational viSaya vilAsI jIva ko, nahIM dharma kA rAga anelibrary.org jayantasena pataMga ko, dIpaka se anurAga //

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ghAhila kI cAra saMdhiyoM kI racanA 'paumasirI cariu' meM paMcANuvrata kathAoM meM sahajarUpa meM prApta ho jAtI hai| hindI jaina sAhitya meM kA mAhAtmya batAyA gayA hai| saMskRta aura prAkRta kI kathAoM kA aneka lekhakoM aura kaviyoM ne anuvAda kiyA hai| ekAdha lekhaka ne paurANika kathAoM kA AdhAra lekara apanI svataMtra kalpanA ke mizraNa dvArA adbhuta kathA sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai| ina hindI kathAoM kI zailI bar3I hI prAMjala, subodha aura muhAvaredAra hai| lalita lokoktiyA~, divya dRSTAnta aura sarasa muhAvaroM kA prayoga kisI bhI pAThaka ko apanI ora AkRSTa karane ke lie paryApta hai." adhyAtmayogI upAdhyAya zrI puSkaramunijI dvArA praNIta 111 bhAgoM meM saMkalita kahAniyA~ aneka dRSTikoNa se mahanIya haiN| eka sau gyAraha bhAgoM meM vibhakta upAdhyAyazrI kI ye jaina kathAe~ kathA sAhitya kI mahattA meM cAra cA~da lagAtI hai| vyAvahArika jagata meM vastu ke sahIrUpa ko jAnanA, usa para vizvAsa karanA aura phira usa para dRr3hatA pUrvaka AcaraNa karanA - jIvana nirmANa, sudhAra aura unnata banAne kA rAjamArga prazasta karatI hai| yadi ThANaM kI zailI meM kahU~ to darzana eka hai - samyagdarzana 9 jJAna eka hai samyagjJAna 1. aura cAritra eka hai samyak cAritra 1 / isa prakAra tInoM milakara bane 111 aura samyagdarzana jJAna- caritra kI tripuTI sIdhA mukti kA sarvakarmakSaya kA mArga hai, dhArmika jagata meM isa dRSTi se jaina kathAoM ke samasta bhAgoM meM saMkalita kathAe~ dhArmika to haiM hI, sAtha hI jIvana nirmANa meM bhI bharapUra sahAyaka haiN| - upasaMhAra apabhraMza jaina kathA sAhitya meM zrIcanda kA mahanIyasthAna hai| unakA tirapana saMdhiyoM kA upadeza pradhAna kathA saMgraha 'kathAkoza' apabhraMza kathA sAhitya meM mIla kA patthara siddha hotA hai| bArahavIM zatI ke uttarArdha aura terahavIM ke prArambha ke racayitA zrIdhara kI tIna racanAe~- sukumAla cariTha, pAsaNAha carita, aura bhavisayattacarita bhASA, zailI aura kathA kI dRSTi se paramparA kA anumodana karatI haiN| devasenagaNi kI aTThAisa saMdhiyoM kI 'sulocanAcariu' kRti, siMha kI pandraha sandhiyoM kI 'pajjuNNacarita' kRti haribhadra kI 'gemiNAhacarita', jisameM saMgRhIta 'sanatkumAracarita' dRSTi patha para AtA hai jo kathAnaka kI dRSTi se pUrNa svataMtra racanA pratIta hotI hai57 tathA dhanapAla dvitIya kI 'bAhubalicariu ' Adi racanAe~ ullekhanIya haiN| isake atirikta pandrahavIM zatI ke uttarArtha tathA solahavIM zatI ke pUrvArdha ke racanAkAra raddadhU kI kathAtmaka racanAe~ pAsaNAhacariu, sukosalacariu, dhaNNakumAracariu, sammitanAhacariu mahattvapUrNa haiN| narasena kI 'sikhilacariu', harideva kI mayaNaparAjayacariu; yazakIrti kI caMdappahacariu, mANikyarAja kI 'NAyakumAra cariu aura amarasenacariu' kRtiyA~ paramparA se calI A rahI kathAoM para AdhRta haiM sivAya 'mayaNaparAjayacariu' ke ye pratIkAtmaka aura rUpakAtmaka kathAkAvya haiN| hai/ 58 . apabhraMza kA kathA sAhitya prAkRta kI hI bhAMti pracura tathA samRddha aneka choTI-choTI kathAe~ vrata sambandhI AkhyAnoM ko lekara yA dhArmika prabhAva batAne ke lie lokAkhyAnoM ko lekara racI gaI haiN| akelI ravivrata kathA ke sambandha meM alaga-alaga vidvAnoM kI lagabhaga eka darjana racanAe~ milatI haiN| kevala bhaTTAraka guNabhadra racita satraha kathAe~ upalabdha haiN| isI prakAra paMDita sAdhAraNa kI ATha kathAe~ tathA muni bAlacandra kI tIna evaM muni vinayacandra kI tIna kathAe~ milatI 59 apabhraMza kI ina jaina kathAoM ke anuzIlana se madhyakAlIna bhAratIya sabhyatA evaM saMskRti kA parijJAna hotA hai| haiN| hindI jaina kathAoM ke do rUpa hameM prApta hote haiM prathama rUpa hai vibhinna bhASAoM se anUdita kathAe~ aura dUsarA rUpa hai maulikatA, jo paurANika kathAoM ke mAdhyama se abhivyajjita huA hai| Aja bahuta se suvijJoM ne jaina purANoM kI kathAoM ko abhinava zailI meM prastuta kiyA hai aura isa dizA meM satata nimagna haiN| DaoN. nemicandra jaina ke kathanAnusAra "jaina AkhyAnoM meM mAnava jIvana ke pratyeka rUpa kA sarasa aura vizad vivecana hai tathA sampUrNa jIvana citra vividha paristhiti raMgoM se anuraMjita hokara aMkita hai| kahIM ina kathAoM meM aihika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai to kahIM pAralaukika samasyAoM kA artha nIti, rAjanIti, sAmAjika aura dhArmika paristhitiyoM kalA kauzala ke citra, uttuMginI agAdha nada nadI Adi bhUvRttoM kA lekhA, atIta ke jala-sthala mArgoM ke saMketa bhI jaina kathAoM meM pUrNatayA vidyamAna haiN| ye kathAe~ jIvana ko gatizIla, hRdaya ko udAra aura vizuddha evaM buddhi ko kalyANa ke lie utprerita karatI haiN| mAnava ko manoraMjana ke sAtha jIvanotthAna kI preraNA ina zramadava abhinaMdanAcA is vizva ke vAGmaya meM kathA sAhitya apanI sarasatA aura saralatA ke kAraNa prabhAvaka aura lokapriya rahA hai bhAratIya sAhitya meM bhI kathAoM kA vizAlatama sAhitya eka viziSTa nidhi hai| bhAratIya kathA sAhitya meM jaina evaM bauddha kathA sAhitya apanA viziSTa mahatva rakhate haiN| zramaNa paramparA ne bhAratIya kathA sAhitya kI na kevala zrIvRddhi kI hai apitu usako eka naI dizA dI hai| jaina kathA sAhitya kA to mUlalakSya hI rahA hai ki 'kathA ke mAdhyama se tyAga, sadAcAra, naitikatA Adi kI koI satpreraNA denaa|' AgamoM se lekara purANa. caritra, kAvya, rAsa evaM lokakathAoM ke rUpa meM jaina dharma kI hajAroM-hajAra kathAe~ vikhyAta haiN| adhikatara kathA sAhitya prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, gujarAtI evaM rAjasthAnI bhASA meM hone ke kAraNa aura vaha bhI gadya-baddha hone se bahusaMkhyaka pAThaka usase lAbha nahIM uThA sakatA jainakathA sAhitya kI isa amUlya nidhi ko Aja kI loka bhASA rASTrabhASA hindI ke pariveza meM prastuta karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| isa dizA meM eka nahIM kaI sundara prayAsa bhI prArambha hue haiM para apAra athAha kathA-sAgara kA Alor3ana kisI eka vyakti dvArA sambhava nahIM hai| jaise jagannAtha ke ratha ko hajAroM hAtha milakara khIMcate haiM, usI prakAra prAcIna kathA-sAhitya ke punaruddhAra ke lie aneka manasvI cintakoM ke dIrghakAlIna prayatnoM kI apekSA hai| lekina isI AvazyakatA kI pUrti hetu pUjya gurudeva zrI puSkaramuni jI mahArAja ne varSoMtaka isa dizA meM mahanIya prayAsa kiyA hai| 32 krodha bhayaMkara Aga hai, samajho jayantasena / hiMsA tANDava yaha kare, tana mana saba becaina // www.jaihelibrary.org

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1 Rgveda ke maMtra 1 sUkta 24/25, maMtra 30 // 2 chAndogya upaniSada 4/1/3 3 hariyAnA pradeza kA lokasAhitya, DaoN. zaMkaralAla yAdava, pRSTha 339 tathA 340 / jaina kathAoM kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, zrIcandra jaina, pRSTha 28 / vahI, pRSTha 11 abhyarthanA, jaina kathAoM kA sAMskRtika adhyayana zrIcandrajaina, pRSTha 11 // Ajakala, lokakathA aMka, pRSTha 11 // hariyAnA pradeza kA lokasAhitya, DaoN. zaMkaralAla yAdava, pRSTha 346 / dIrgha nikAya 18 10 (ka) loka kathAe~ aura unakA saMgrahakArya, DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, Ajakala, lokakathA aMka, pRSTha 9 / (kha) jaina kathAoM kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, zrI candrajaina, pRSTha 33 / 11 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6, DaoN. gulAbacandra caudharI, pRSTha 231 // 12 jainakathAoM kA sAskRtika adhyayana, zrI candrajaina, pRSTha 33 // 13 jainakathAoM kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, zrI candrajaina, pRSTha 34 / 14 naukA aura nAvika, devendra munizAstrI, pRSTha 8-9 / 15 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6, DaoN. gulAbacandra caudharI, pRsstth233-234| 16 sAhitya aura saMskRti, devendra munizAstrI, pRSTha 76-88 / 17 nandIsutra 5, pRSTha 128, pU. hastImalajI mahArAja 18 doviye Agama sAhitya : raNU vayavekSaNa kA 51 vA ttippnn| 19 (a) padama micchAdiDiDha avvadikaM AsidUNa pddivjj| aNuyogo ahiyAro yutto paDhamANuyogo so|| caubIsaM titthayarA paigo bAraha chkhNddmrhss| Nava baladevA kiNhA Nava paDisUtra puraannaaii| tesi vaNaMti piyAmAI NayANi tiNha putvbhve| paMcasahassapayANi ya jattha hu so hodi aahiyaaye| -aMgapaNNatI - dvitIya adhikAra gAthA 35-37 digambara AcArya zabhacandra prnniit| (ba) titthayara cakkavaTTI baladevA vAsudeva pddisttuu| pacasahassapayANa esa kahA paDhama anniogo| - zrutaskaMdha gA. 31 AcArya brhmhemcndr| 20 seMTa meMthyU kI suvArtA 25, seMTa lyUka kI suvArtA 19 // 21 jJAtA dharmakathA 9 22 valAhassa jAtaka pRSTha 196 // 23 jAtaka (caturthakhaNDa) 497 mAtaMgajAtaka pRSTha 583-97 / 24 jAtaka (caturthakhaNDa) 498 citrasaMbhUtajAtaka, pRSTha 598-608 / 25 hasthipAla jAtaka 509 / 26 zAntiparva adhyAya 175 evaM 277 / 27 mahAjana jAtaka, 539 tathA sotaka jAtaka saM. 529 // 28 mahAbhArata, zAntipUrva adhyAya 179 evaM 276 / 29 tivihA kahA paNatA taM jahA - atthakahA - dhammakahA kaamkhaa| -ThANAMga 3 ThANAsUtra 189 / 30 (ka) atthakahA kAmakahA dhammakahA ceva mIsiyA ya khaa| eto ekkekkavi ya yogavihA hoi naayvyaa|| - dazavaikAlika hAribhadrIya vRtti gA 188 pR. 212 / (kha) ettha sAmanao cattAri kahAo hvNti| te jahA - atthakahA, kAmakahA, dhamma kahA, sNkignnkhaa| - samarAiccakahA, yAkobI saMskaraNa, pRSTha 2 // 31 vidyAdimiracastapradhAnA kathA arykthaa| - abhidhAna rAjendrakoza bhAga-3, pRSTha 402 / 32 siMgArasutuiyA, mohakuviya phuphugAhasahasiM ti| jaM suNamANassa kahaM, samaNeNa nA sA kaheyavvA // 218 // - abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa 33 (i) jo saMjao pamatto, rAgadosavasagao prikhei| sAu vikahApavayaNe, paNatA dhiirpuuriisehi|217 abhidhAna rA.ko. (ii) virUddhA vilaSTA vA kayA vikthaa| AcArya haribhadrA 34 paDikkamAmi cauhi vikahAhi - itthI kahAe, bhattakahAeM, deza kahAe raaykhaae| -Avazyaka sUtra 35 samaNeNa kaheyavvA, tava niyama kahA viraagsNjuttaa| jaM soUNa maNUso, vaccai sNvegaannivveyN|| - abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa bhA.3 pRSTha 402. gA. 219 36 tava saMjamaguNadhArI, caraNarayA kahiMti smbhaav| savvajagajIvahiyaM sA u kahA desiyA sme|| abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa gA. 216, pRSTha 402 / bhAga 3 () divya, divbamANusa, mANusa c| tattha divya nAma jatva kevalameva devacariaM vaNijjaI samarAiccakahA yAkovI saMskaraNa pR. 21 (ii) taM jahA divya - mANasI thccey| lIlAvaI gA. 35 // (iii) emeya muddha juyaI bhaNoharaM payyayAe bhaasaae| paviraladesisulakkhaM kahasu kaha divva maannusiyN|| -lIlAvaI gA. 41, pRSTha 11 / / 38 tAo puNa pNckhaao| taM jahA - sayalakahA khaMDakahA, ullAvakahA, parihAsakahA, tahAvarA kahiya tri saMkiNNa khti| - kuvalayamAlA pRSTha 4, anuccheda 7 // 39 samastaphalAnteti vRttavarNAnA samAdityavat srlkthaa| - hemakAvyazabdAnuzAsana 5/9| pRSTha 465 / 40 marukesarI abhinandana graMtha, khaNDa 4 pRSTha 194 41 prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, DaoN. nemicandrazAstrI pRSTha 486-488 42 nammayA sundarI kahA, siMdhI aMthamAlA se graMthAMka 48 meM prkaashit| 43 sirivajjaseNa gaNaharapaTTaparahema vilaya suurinn| sIsehiM rayaNasehara sUrIhiM imAhu sNkliyaa| caudasa aTTAThIso....... sirivAla kahA prshsti| 44 itihAsa. DaoN. nemicandrazAsI, pRSTha 510-513 / prAkRta kathA sAhitya, prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, DaoN. namicandra jainazAstrI, 513-515 46 prAkRta kathA sAhitya, prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya 24 AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, DaoN. nemicandra jaina zAstrI, pRSTha 517 / 47 apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya, DaoN. devendra kumAra jaina, pRSTha 85-86 / 48 apabhraMza bhASA kA pAribhASika koza, AgarA vizvavidyAlaya kI DI. liTU,, upAdhi kA zodhaprabandha, sana 1988, DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti' pRSTha 42-44 // 49 apabhraMza vAGmaya meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha DaoN. Aditya pracaMDiyA 'dIti' tulasI prajJA, jaina vizvabhAratI lADanU, khaNDa 12 aMka 2 sitambara 86 pRSTha 45 / / keTeloga Ava saMskRta eNDa prAkRta menyuskripTas, Ina da sI. pI. eNDa barAra, sampA. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, pRSTha 716, 762, 767 tathA bhUmikA, pRSTha 48-49 / jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, nAthurAma premI, pRSTha 423 / / apabhraMza bhASA kA pAribhASika koza, DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA dIti, pRSTha 47-48 / bhavisayatta kahA kA sAhityika mahattva, DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA dIti, jainavidyA, aMka 4, 1986, pRSTha 30 apabhraMza bhASA kA pAribhASika koza, DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA dIti, pRSTa 48 / jaMbU sAmicariu kA sAhityika mUlyAMkana, DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA dIti, jaina vidyA, aprela 1987, pRSTha 33-40 / suMdaraNacariu kA sAhityika mUlyAMkana, DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA dIti, jaina vidyA, akTUbara 1987, pRSTha 1-11 // 55 muni kanakAmara vyaktittva aura kRtitva, DaoN. (zrImatI) alakA pracaNDiyA dIti; jainavidyA, mArca 1988, pRSTha 1-7 / 56 apabhraMza bhASA kA pAribhASika koza, DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA dIti; pRSTha 52-53 / 57 vahI, pRSTha 55 se 56 tk| 58 bhavisayatta kahA tathA apabhraMza kathA kAvya, DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI 59 apabhraMza aura sAhitya kI zodhapravRttiyA~, DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI, pRSTha 34 // 60 hindI jaina sAhitya - parizIlana, bhAga 2, DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, pRSTha 77 / (pRSTha 19 kA zeSa bhAga) ahiMsA ke mahAn vrata aura asAdhAraNa siddhAMta kA mAnava jIvana ke liye vyavahArika tathA kriyAtmaka rUpa dene ke liye dainika kriyAoM saMbaMdhI aura jIvana saMbaMdhI anekAneka niyamoM tathA vividha vidhAnoM kA bhI jaina dharma ne saMsthApana evaM samarthana kiyA hai, jo mahAvIra kI dena hai| jinheM bAraha vrata eMva paMca mahAvrata bhI kahate haiN| jinakA tAtparya yahI hai ki sampUrNa manuSya jAti meM isa prakAra mAnava zAMti banI rahe aura sabhI ko apanA vikAsa karane kA sundara evaM samucita saMyoga prApta ho| unhoMne sAdha dharma va gRhastha dharma kA alaga-alaga nirUpaNa kiyaa| jAti bheda va liMga, raMga, bhASA, veza, nasla, vaMza aura kAla kA kRtrima bheda hote hue bhI mUla meM mAnava-mAtra eka hI hai, yaha hai mahAvIra kI apratima aura amara ghoSaNA, jo ki jaina dharma kI mahAnatA ko sarvocca zikhara para pahuMcA detI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ye siddhAnta bhArata ke lie hI nahIM, kintu samasta vizva ke lie eka anokhI dena haiN| inhIM siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para manuSya jAti ke sukhI bhaviSya kI AzA kI jA sakatI hai| sAmAjika viSamatAoM kA unmUlana, dhArmika kadAgrahoM va saMgharSoM kA zamana evaM rAjanaitika tanAvoM kI kamI kevala inhIM Adarza siddhAntoM ke sahAre kI jA sakatI hai| ina siddhAntoM kA pracAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhArata bhUmi para kiyaa| isaliye hama usa yuga ko - mahAvIra yuga ko - bhAratIya jIvana darzana kA svarNayuga kaha sakate haiN| Aja mahAvIra ke upadezoM para caleM to vizva meM zAMti ho sakatI hai| * zrImad jayaMtasenasUri abhinaMdana graMthAvAcanA 33 krodha agni ko dUra kara, bano sadA tuma dhIra / jayantasena sukhada jIvana, pUrNa tayA gaMbhIra //