Jain Itihas ki Purva pithika aur Hamara Abhyutthana

Author(s): Hiralal Jain
Publisher: Hindi Granthratna Karyalaya
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010047/1

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jaina itihAsakI pUrvapIThikA aura hamArA abhyutthAna hindI-grantha (lAkA Cheng Pin lekhaka pro0 hIrAlAla jaina ema0 e0, ela ela0 bI0

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zrImAn seTha rAmakaranalAlajI, thAlA-nivAsI, kI dharmapatnI svargIya rAmakalI devI kI smRti meM jaina itihAsa kI pUrva pIThikA hamArA abhyutthAna lekhaka pro. hIrAlAla jaina, em e., ela el. vI. prakAzaka hindI graMtha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI mudraka maeNnejara-sarasvatI presa, amarAvatI. 1939] [mUlya

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jena itihAsakI pUrva-pIThikA jaina purANoMkI prAmANikatA jainadharmakA sarvamAnya itihAsa mahAvIra svAmIke samayase va usase kucha pUrvase prAraMbha hotA hai| isake pUrvake itihAsake liye eka mAtra sAmagrI jainadharmake purANa graMtha haiN| ina purANagranthoMke racanAkAla aura unameM varNita ghaTanAoMke kAlameM hajAroM, lAkho, karoDoM nahIM araboM khavauM varSoM kA antara hai| ataeva unakI aitihAsika prAmANikatA isa bAtapara avalaMbita hai ki ve kahAMtaka prAkRtika niyamoMke anukUla, mAnavIya vivekake aviruddha va anya pramANoM ke apratikUla ghaTanAoMkA ullekha karate hai / yadi ye ghaTanAyeM prakRti-viruddha ho, mAnavIya buddhike pratikUla hoM va anya pramANole bAdhita ho, to ve dhArmika zraddhAke sivAya anya kisI AdhArapara vizvasanIya nahIM mAnI jA sakatI, para yadi ve ukta niyamoM aura pramANose bAdhita na hotI huI pUrvakAlakA yukti-saMgata darzana karAtI ho to unakI aitihAsikatAmeM bhArI saMzaya karanekA koI kAraNa nahIM hosktaa| jina itihAsa-vizAradoMne jaina purANoMkA adhyayana kiyA hai unakA vizvAsa una purANokI nimnalikhita tIna bAtopara prAyaH nahIM jamatAH 1 purANoM ke atyanta lambe caur3e samaya-vibhAgoMpara / 2 purANoM meM varNita mahApuruSoMke bhArI bhArI zarIra-mApopara va unakI dIrghAtidIrgha Ayupara /

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4] jaina itihAsakI pUrva-pIThikA 3 kAlake parivartanase bhogabhUmi va karmabhUmikI racanAoke viprivrtnpr| 'palya' aura 'sAgara' ke mApoMkI yathArthatA / jaina purANoMmeM arabo khaboM hI nahIM palya aura sAgaroM (Adhunika saMkhyAtIta) varSoMke mApa diye gaye haiN| inako paDhakara pAThakoMkI buddhi thakita hojAtI hai aura ve jhaTa ise asambhava kahakara apane manake bojhako halkA kara DAlate haiN| kintu viSayapara niSpakSataH, vuddhipUrvaka vicAra karanese ina mApoMmeM kucha asambhavanIyatA nahIM raha jaatii| yaha sabhI jAnate haiM ki samayakA na Adi hai aura na anta / vaijJAnika zodha aura khojane yaha bhI siddhakara diyA hai ki isa sRSTike prArambhakA koI patA nahIM hai aura na usameM manuSya jIvana ke itihAsa-prArambhakA hI kucha kAlanirdeza kiyA jAsakatA hai| lan 1858 IkhIke pUrva pAzcAtya vidvAnoMkA mata thA ki isa pRthvIpara manuSyakA itihAsa Adise lekara aba takakA pUrA pUrA jJAta hai, kyoMki 'cAibila' ke anusAra sarva prathama manuSya 'Adama' kI utpatti IsAse 4004 varSa pUrva siddha hotI hai / para san 1858 IsvIke pazcAt jo zUgarbha-vidyAdi viSayoMkI khoja huI usale manuSyakI ukta samayaseM bahuta adhika pUrva taka prAcInatA siddha hotI hai| aza itihAsakAra 4004 IsvI pUrvase bhI pUrvako mAnavIya ghaTanAoM kA ullekha karate hai| mizradezakI prasiddha gummaTo (Pyramids) kA nirmANa-kAla IsvIse pAMca hajAra varSa pUrva anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| khAldiyA (Chaldea)

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jaina itihAsa kI pUrva - pIThikA [ 5 1 dezameM IsA se chaha sAta hajAra varSa pUrvakI mAnavIya sabhyatA ke pramANa mile haiN| cIna dezakI sabhyatA bhI itanI hI va isase adhika prAcIna siddha hotI hai| amerikA dezameM purAtatva zodhake sambaMdha meM jo khudAIkA kAma huA hai usakA bhI yahI phala nikalA hai| hAla hI meM bhAratavarSa ke paMjAba aura sindha pradezoMke 'harappA ' aura ' bhoyanajoDero' nAmaka sthAnoMpara khudAIse jo prAcIna dhvaMsAvazeSa mile haiM ve bhI IsAse ATha dasa hajAra varSa pUrva ke anumAna kiye jAte haiM / ye saba pramANa bhI hameM manuSyake prArambhika itihAsake kucha bhI samIpa nahIM pahuMcAte / ve kevala yahI siddha karate haiM ki utane prAcIna kAlamai bhI manuSyane apAra unnati karalI thI, aisI unnati jisake liye unheM hajAroM lAkhoM varSauMkA samaya lagA hogaa| aba cIna, mizra, khAldiyA, iMDiyA, amerikA, kisI ora bhI dekhiye, itihAsakAra IsAle ATha ATha dasa dasa hajAra varSa pUrvakI mAnavIya sabhyatAkA ullekha vizvAsa ke sAtha karate haiM / jo samaya kucha kAla pahale manuSyakI garbhAvasthAkA samajhA jAtA thA, vaha ava usake garbhakA nahIM, bacapanakA bhI nahIM, prauDha kAlakA siddha hotA hai / jitanI khoja hotI jAtI hai utanI hI adhika mAnavIya sabhyatAkI prAcInatA siddha hotI jAtI hai / kahAM hai aba mAnavIya sabhyatAkA prAtaHkAla ? isase to prAcIna romana hamAre samasAmayikale pratIta hote haiM, yUnAnakA suvarNa - kAla kalakA hI samajha par3atA hai / mitrake gummaTakAroM aura hamameM kevala thoDese dinoMkA hI antara par3A pratIta hotA hai| manuSyakI prathamotpattikA adhyAya Adhunika itihAsa hIse ur3a gayA hai| aisI avasthAmeM jaina purANakAra H

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jaina itihAsako pUrva-pIThikA mAnavIya itihAsake viSayameM yadi saMkhyAtIta varSoM kA ullekha kareM to isameM AzcaryakI bAta hI kyA hai ? isameM kaunasI asambhAvyatA hai ? purAtatvajJokA anubhava bhI yahI hai ki mAnavIya itihAsa saMkhyAtIta varSoMkA purAnA hai| dIrgha zarIra aura dIrghAyu / dUsarA saMzaya mahApuruSoM ke zarIra mApa aura unakI dIrghAti dIrgha Ayuke viSayakA hai / jo kucha Ajakala dekhA sunA jAtA hai usake anusAra saikar3oM hajAroM dhanuSa UMce zarIra ke kor3Akor3I varSoM kI zrAyupara ekAekI vizvAla nahIM jmtaa| isa viSayameM maiM pAThakokA dhyAna una bhUgarbha zAstrakI gaveSaNAoNkI ora AkarSita karatA hU~ jinameM prAcIna kAlake bar3e bar3e zarIradhArI jantuokA astitva likha huA hai / ukta khojole pacAsa pacAla lATha sATha phuTa lasbe prANiyoM ke pASANAvazeSa ( Fossils) pAye gaye haiN| itane lambe kucha asthipaJjara bhI mile haiN| jitane adhika dIrghakAya ye asthipaMjara va pASANAvazeSa hote haiM ve utane hI adhika prAcIna anumAna kiye jAte haiN| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki pUrvakAlameM prANI dIrghakAya huA karate the| dhIre dhIre unake zarIrakA hAsa hotA gyaa| yaha hAsa-krama abhI bhI pracalita hai| isa niyamake anusAra jitanA adhika prAcInakAlakA manuSya hogA use utanA hI adhika dIrdhakAya mAnanA na kevala yuktisaMgata hI hai, jintu Avazyaka hai| mANizAstrakA yaha niyama hai ki jisa jIvakA bhArI zAri

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jaina itihAsakI pUrva-pIThikA prakArakI AvazyakatAyeM kalpavRkSole hI pUrI hojAyA karatI thiiN| acche aura burekA koI bheda nahIM thaa| puNya aura pApa donoM bhinna pravRttiyAM nahIM thIM / vyaktigata saMmpantikA koI Ava nahIM thA 'merA' aura 'terA'aisA bhedabhAva nahIM thA / yaha avasthA bhogabhUmikI thI / kramazaH yaha avasthA bdlii| kalpavRkSokA lopa hogayA / manuSyoM ko apanI AvazyakatAoMkI pUrtike liye zrama karanA par3A / vyaktigata sampattikA bhAva jAgRta huaa| kRSi Adi udyama prArambha hue| lekhana Adi kalAokA prAdurbhAva huA, ityAdi / isa prakAra karmabhUmikA prArambha huaa|shuddh aitihAsika dRSTise vicAra karanepara jJAta hotA hai ki isa bhogabhUmike parivatenameM koI asvAbhAvikatA nahIM hai| balki yaha Adhunika sabhyatAkA acchA prArambhika itihAsa hai| jinhoMne suvarNakAla (Golden age ) ke prAkRtika jIvana ( Life according to Nature ) kA kucha varNana paDhA hogA ve samajha sakate haiM ki ukta kathanakA kyA tAtparya ho sakatA hai| Adhunika sabhyatAke prArambha kAlameM manuSya apanI saba AvazyakatAoko svacchanda vanajAta vRkSoMkI upajase hI pUrNa kara liyA karate the| vastroMke sthAnameM valkala aura bhojanake liye phalAdise tRpta rahanevAle prANiyoMko dhana-sampatise kyA tAtparya ? sabameM samAnatAkA vyavahAra thaa| mere aura terekA bhedabhAva nahIM thA / kramazaH Adhunika sabhyatAke Adi dhuraMdharoMne nAnA prakArake udyama aura kalAoMkA AviSkAra kara manuSyoMko sikhaayaa| jaina purANoM ke anusAra isa sabhyatAkA pracAra caudaha kulakaroM dvArA huaa| sabase pahale kulakara pratizrutine sUrya candrakA jJAna

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jaina itihAsakI pUrva - pIThikA [ 9 manuSyako kraayaa| isa prakAra ve jyotiSa zAstra ke Adi AdikartA Thaharate haiM / unake pIche sammati, kSemaMdharAdi hue jinhoMne jyotiSa zAstrakA jJAna baDhAyA, anya kalAoMkA AviSkAra kiyA va sAmAjika niyama daNDa vidhAnAdi niyata kiye| jaina purANane isa itihAsako, yadi vicAra kiyA jAya to sacamuca bahuta acche prakArase surakSita rakkhA hai| dharmake saMsthApaka | kulakaroMke pazcAt RSabhadeva hue jinhoMne dharmakI saMsthApanA kI / inakA sthAna jaisA jaina purANoMmeM hai vaisA hindU purANoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| vahAM bhI ve isa sRSTike AdimeM svayaMbhU manu se pAMcavI pIDhImeM hue batalAye gaye haiM, aura ve Izake avatAra gine jAte haiM / unake dvArA dharmakA jaisA pracAra huA usakA bhI vahAM varNana hai| jaina purANoMmeM kahA gayA hai ki RSabhadevane apanI jyeSTha putrI 'brAhmI' ke lie lekhanakalAkA AviSkAra kiyA / unhIke nAmapara se isa AviSkRta lipikA nAma ' brAhmI lipi ' par3A / itihAsajJa brAhmI lipike nAmase bhalIbhAMti paricita haiM / Adhunika nAgarI lipikA yahI prAcIna nAma hai / RSabhadevake jyeSTha putrakA nAma bharata thA jo Adi cakravartI hue / bharata cakravartIkA nAma hindU purANoMmeM bhI pAyA jAtA hai, yadyapi unake vaMzakA varNana vahAM kucha bhinna hai / inhI bharata ke nAmase yaha kSetra bhAratavarSa kahalAyA / hindU purANoMmeM RSabhadevake pazcAt honevAle tIrthakaroMkA ullekha abhItaka nahIM pAyA gayA, para jaina graMthoM meM una saba puruSoM kA caritra varNita hai jinhoMne samaya samaya para RSabhadeva dvAra

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10] jaina itihAsa kI pUrva - pIThikA sthApita dharmakA punaruddhAra kiyaa| jyoM jyoM hama aitihAsika kAlake samIpa Ate jAte haiM tyo tyo jainadharmake uddhArakaukA paricaya aneka pramANoMse siddha hone lagatA hai| bAisaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke viSayakI aneka ghaTanAoM kA samarthana hiMdU purANoMse hotA hai / teisaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha to aba aitihAlika vyakti mAne hI jAne lage hai| inake jIvana ke sambandhame nAgavaMzI rAjAoMkA ullekha AtA hai / isa vaMzake viSayapara aitihAsika prakAza par3anA prArambha huA hai / cauvIsave tIrthaMkara mahAvIrakA samaya to jaina itihAsakI kuMjI hI hai| vaijJAnika itihAsane dhIre dhIre mahAvIrakI aitihAsikatA svIkAra karake kramase pArzvanAtha taka jaina dharmakI zRMkhalA lA jor3I hai / Azcarya nahIM, isI prakAra vaijJAnika zodha se dhIre dhIre anya tIrthakaroMke samayapara bhI prakAza par3e / jaina bhUgola bhAratavarSakA jo bhUgola - sambandhI paricaya jaina purANoMmeM diyA hai vaha bhI sthUla rUpase Ajakalake jJAnake anukUla hI hai / bharatakSetra himavat parvatase dakSiNakI ora sthita hai| isakI do mukhya nadiyAM haiN| gaMgA aura siMdhu / ve dono nadiyAM himavat parvata parake eka hI 'padma' nAma sarovara se nikalatI haiN| gaMgA pUrvakI ora bahatI huI pUrvIya samudra meM giratI hai aura sindhu pazcima kI ora bahatI huI pazcima samudra meM giratI hai| kulakaroM aura tIrthakaroM kA janma gaMgA aura sindhuke vIcake pradezoMmeM hI huA thA / yaha varNana kisI prakAra galata nahI kahA jAsakatA /

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hamArA itihAsa itihAsa sAhityakA eka bar3A mahatvapUrNa aMga hai, aura deza va jAti kA jIvana - rasa hai / jisa sAhitya meM itihAsa nahIM, vaha sAhitya apUrNa hai / jo jAti apanA itihAsa nahI jAnatI usake jIvana meM caitanya, sphUrti, svAbhinAna aura AzA kA abhAva sA rahegA | jabataka hama apanI sabhyatA aura ziSTatA ke vikAsa-krama se anabhijJa haiM, tabataka hama usameM vAstavika unnati nahI kara sakate / isaliye yaha atyaMta Avazyaka hai ki hama apane sAhitya meM itihAsa ke aMgako khUba puSTa kareM aura tatsaMbandhI truTiyoM aura pracalita bhramAtmaka dhAraNAoM ko dUra karane kI ora sadaiva dhyAna dete rahe / sabhyatA ke jitane aMga haiM una sabakA itihAsa hamAre sAhitya meM honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai / sabhyatA ke mukhya aMga haiM samAja aura rAjanIti, dharma aura sadAcAra tathA vijJAna aura bhASA / ina sabhI viSayoMpara vidvAn lekhakoMdvArA hindI meM abataka bahuta kucha sAhitya taiyAra ho cukA hai| rAyabahAdura gaurIzaMkarajI ojhAne pahale hI pahala bar3e parizrama aura khojase 'bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA' prastuta karake zilAlekhoM va tAmrapoM Adi ke par3he jAnekA mArga sulabha vanA diyA / unakA yaha graMtha DA. bulara kI Indian Palaeography se bhI pUrva bana cukA thaa| ojhAjI abhI jo rAjaputAnekA itihAsa likha rahe

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12 hamArA itihAsa haiM aura jisake tIna khaMDa avataka nikala cuke haiM vaha hindI meM bhArata ke itihAsa meM gauravakI cIja hai / zrIyuta kAzIprasAdajI jAyasavAla kA jo Hindu Polity nAmaka graMtha itihAsa saMsArameM yazasvI huA hai usakA viSaya prathamataH vidvAn lekhaka dvArA hindI meM hI bhAgalapurameM hue hindI sAhitya sammelana ke caturtha adhivezana para eka nibandha ke rUpameM prastuta huA thaa| jAyasavAlajIkI aitihAsika sevAyeM atyanta mahatvapUrNa haiM, yadyapi apanI khAjoM ko jagadvyApI banAne ke hetu unhone vizeSataH aMgrejI meM hI apane graMtha race haiN| paM. candradhara gulerI ne purAnI hindI ke viSayapara jo lekha nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA meM likhe the ve hindI bhASAke itihAsa ke liye bar3ehI mahatvapUrNa siddha hue, aura unake liye usa patrikA kA Adara yuropIya vidvAnoM meM bhI vizeSa rUpase huaa| isa dizAmeM gulerIjIne jo kArya prArambha kiyA thA, zoka hai, ve use apanI asA. mayika mRtyuke kAraNa pUrA na kara paaye| svayaM rAyabahAdura DA. hIrAlAlajIne bhAratIya purAtatva meM jo kArya kiyA usameM yahAMpara ullekhanIya unake ve gajeTiyara haiM jinameM unhone madhyapradeza ke eka eka jile kA lAgapUrNa itihAsa saMgraha kiyA hai| ye gajeTiyara unhone sarala lokapriya zailImeM likhe haiN| vartamAna meM mahApaMDita tripiTakAcArya zrI rAhula sAMkRtyAyanajI tibbata aura bhAratake sambandhIya itihAsa ke eka bar3e bhArI vidvAna haiM / unakA jo 'tibbata meM savA varSa ' nAmaka graMtha abhI abhI prakAzita huA hai usakA vidvatsaMsAra meM acchA Adara ho rahA hai| vaha aba aMgrejI meM bhI anuvAdita ho rahA hai| bauddha

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hamArA itihAsa [13 dharma ke siddhoM aura saMtoMke sAhitya aura itihAsa kA rAhulajI jo uddhAra kara rahe haiM vahabhI ullekhanIya hai / isa itihAsa pariSad ke manonIta sabhApati zrI jayacaMdrajI vidyAlaMkAra apanI anupama gaveSaNAodvArA bhAratIya itihAsa kI sampattimeM asAdhAraNa vRddhi kara rahe haiM / Apake abhItaka jo 'bhAratabhUmi aura usake nivAsI' tathA 'bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA' nAmaka do graMtha prakAzita hue haiM unase bhAratakA itihAsa eka taraha se bahuta hI sajIva ho uThA hai| Apa bhAratIya itihAsakI aneka ulajhanoM aura gutthioMko bahuta hI uttamatA se sulajhAne kA prayatna kara rahe haiN| isa samaya ApakA bhAratIya itihAsa kA digdarzana' taiyAra ho rahA hai| yaha jo itihAsa-sambandhI kArya hindI bhASAmeM avataka huA hai aura ho rahA hai usakA hameM garva hai| kintu abhI bhI isa sAhitya ko baDhAnekA vipula kSetra hamAre sAmane par3A hai| deza ke jJAna-vijJAna va kalA-kauzala sambaMdhI itihAsa hindI sAhitya meM abhItaka bahuta hI kama hai| bhApA sambaMdhI itihAsa kI khoja vastuta abhI prArambha hI huI hai| kitane graMtha hindI meM aise haiM jinameM dezakA dhArmika itihAsa sundaratA aura prAmA. NikatA se varNana kiyA gayA ho ? skUlI kitAboMko chor3akara hindI meM sAmAjika va rAjanaitika itihAsakA yathArtha paricaya karAnevAle graMtha ine gine hI haiN| ina sava viSayoMkA itihAsa prArambha meM eka eka kAlakA, zatAbdi yA ardhazatAbdi kA, eka eka pradeza kA, alaga alaga, likhA jAnA aura phira unakA sAmaJjasya baiThAnA Avazyaka hai| jisa taraha mahArASTrameM aiti

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$4 ] hamArA itihAsa hAsika kAgaja patra, bakhare Adi saMgraha karake prakAzita kI gaI haiM, hindI bhASI prAntoM meM vaisA koI udyoga abhItaka nahIM huA hai| bundelakhaNDa mAlavA aura rAjaputAnA kI dezI riyAsatoM meM isa taraha kI pracura sAmagrI rAjakIya pustakAlayoM meM par3I hai, jo madhyakAlIna itihAsa ke liye atyanta upayogI ho sakatI hai / aneka dezI rAjyoM, jaise udayapura Adi meM purAtattva vibhAgakA saMgaThana na honese vahAM ke mahatvapUrNa itihAsopayogI prAcIna smAraka vidhvaMsa ho rahe haiN| isI madhyapradeza meM aneka choTI moTI riyAsateM aura jAgIreM haiM jinakA itihAsa yadyapi kucha kucha aMgrejI gajeTiyaroM meM saMkalita kiyA gayA hai, para sajIva aura lokapriya rItise hindI meM bahuta hI kama likhA gayA hai / hameM aisI loka- ruci aitihAsika bAtoM meM utpanna karane kI AvazyakatA hai ki jisase jahAM kahIM bhI koI choTe moTe aitihAsika smAraka pAye jAveM unakA vidhvaMsa na hokara rakSaNa ho sake ! yadi dhyAna diyA jAve to loka kathAoM meM, grAsya gItoM meM, purAnI ciTThI patriyoM meM va graMtha - prazastiyoM meM na jAne kitanI aitihAsika sAmagrI bikharI huI mila sakatI hai / jainiyoM ke prAcIna graMtha-bhaMDAroM meM isa tarahakI bahuta sAmagrI pAI jAtI hai| gujarAta meM isa dizA meM bahuta kucha kArya huA hai / dezI aura videzI vidvAnoMdvArA bhAratIya itihAsa ke sambandha meM jo kucha khojeM hotI haiM ve prAyaH aMgrejI pAThakoM ko hI sulabha hotI haiM / AvazyakatA hai ki una saba khojoM kA hindI pAThakoM ko bhI paricaya karAyA jAya / aMgrejI meM jo itihAsa ke sAdhana, zilAlekha, tAmrapatrAdi prakAzita hue haiM ve bhI saMgraha

Page #19
hamArA itihAsa [15 karake hindI meM prakAzita kiye jAnA caahiye| aMgrejI meM yaha sAmagrI bahutahI maMhagI hai jise sAdhAraNa loga kharIda nahIM sakate / hindI meM ho jAne le aMgrejI ke pAThaka bhI isa sastAI ke kAraNa kharIdanA caaheNge| ___ abhItaka hindI sAhitya ke aneka itihAsa line jA cuke haiM, kintu unakA vaha bhAga abhItaka bhI bahuta truTipUrNa hai jo hindI kI utpatti se sambandha rakhatA hai| isakA mukhya kAraNa yaha hai ki unake vidvAn lekhakoM kA dhyAna apabhraMza lAhitya kI ora nahIM gayA hai jo ki prAcIna pustaka-bhaMDAroM meM bahuta baDI tAdAda meM paDA hai aura pichale dasabAraha varSoM meM jisake eka darjana se bhI adhika graMtha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| vartamAna prAMtIya bhASAoMkA mUla isI apabhraMza sAhitya meM mila sakatA hai, aura isaliye usakA gaharAI ke sAtha adhyayana kiye vinA na to hiMdI sAhitya kA prArambhika itihAsa likhA jA sakatA hai aura na usakA kramika vikAsa hI batalAyA jA sakatA hai| isa viSayapara adhikArapUrNa lekhanI ve hI uThA sakate haiM jo saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza tathA pracalita dezI bhASAokA yatheSTa jJAna rakhate ho| isa apabhraMza bhASA ke aneka graMthoM meM prAcIna rAjakIya itihAsa kI bhI bahutalI vArtA mila jAtI hai| eka nAgakumAra carita (NAyakumAra-cariu) nAmaka apabhraMza kAvya ke parizIlana se maiM isa niSkarSa para pahuMcA hUM ki 'nAga' kevala kisle kahAnI kA zabda nahI, kintu eka jItI jAgatI manuSya jAti kA nAma thaa| yaha jAti eka lamaya bhArata varSake prAyaH sabhI bhAgoM meM vikharI huI thI aura rAjakIya sattA rakhatI thii| / unakI eka alaga sabhyatA aura ziSTatA thI jo apane DhaMga kI

Page #20
16] hamArA itihAsa caDhI baDhI aura nirAlI thI, tathA jo Arya logoM ko prArambha meM kucha vilakSaNa sI ja~catI thii| para dhIre dhIre Arya loga unase milane julane lage aura unakI kanyAoM ko bhI vivAhane lage / ye kanyAyeM bar3I sundara aura ziSTa samajhI jAtI thIM / nAgoM kA eka unnati-zIla aura rAjakIya sattA rakhanevAlA dala eka samaya usa sthAna para bhI pratiSThita thA jahAM hama aura Apa Aja unakA aitihAsika vivecana karane ke liye sammilita hue haiN| yaha bAta anya pramANoM ke atirikta ' nAgapura ' nAma aura usake AsapAsa kI bhUmi se abataka gUMja rahI hai / nAgapura ke pAsa hI rAmaTeka para zAyada nAgoM kI vaha rAjadhAnI rahI hai jo purANoM meM pAtAla loka kI rAjadhAnI bhogavatI ke nAma se prasiddha hai / yahIM para kadAcit nAgoM kA eka bar3A bhArI vidyA kA kendra thA jise hama yadi nAga yUnIvarsiTI kaheM to anucita na hogaa| vahAM kaisI kaisI kalAyeM sikhAI jAtI thIM unakA nAgakumAra-carita meM ullekha hai / vahAM ukta kAvya ke nAyaka nAgakumAra ke samAna dUsare dUsare pradezoM se vidyArthI vidyo pArjana ke liye Ate the| nAgoM kA dhvaja - cinha sarpa thA jisase 'nAga' sarpa kA paryAyavAcI zabda bana gayA / isa itihAsa kI dRSTi se yaha bahuta hI upayukta ja~catA hai ki nAgoM ke vidyAkeMdra ke sthAnApanna nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya ne bhI sarpa ko apanA vizeSa cinha svIkAra kiyA hai / dUsare apabhraMza va itara kAvyoM va zilAlekhoM se yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki isa nAga rAjya kI sImA se lage hue vidyAdhara va asura vaMzoM ke rAjya bhI the, ityAdi / isa prakAra isa apabhraMza sAhitya ke parizIlana aura adhyayana se hindI bhASA aura dezIya itihAsa donoM para acchA prakAza par3atA hai / "

Page #21
18] prAcIna itihAsa nirmANa ke sAdhana labhyatA kA pUrA itihAsa nahIM likhA jA sktaa| roma aura grIsa (yUnAna) kI prAcIna sabhyatA kA pUrA citra-paTa khIMcanA bhI isI kAraNa bahuta kaThina huA hai, kyoMki usakA bhI silasilA Aja se bahuta pahile TUTa gayA hai / kintu bhAratavarSa kI AryajAti kA hAla dUsarA hI hai / yahAM ke vartamAna rItirivAja, rahana-sahana, dharma, karma, jJAna, kalA-kauzala, nIti ityAdi pratidina ke kAryoM para prAcInatA kI aisI chApa lagI huI hai ki bhUtakAla se pRthak vartamAna bhArata kA koI matalaba hI nahIM hotaa| abhI taka bhArata kA zRGkhalAbaddha itihAsa taiyAra kiye binA deza kI avasthA ko samajhane kA jo prayata kiyA gayA hai, usakA vahI phala huA hai, jo Upara kahI huI kahAnI se darzAyA gayA hai / itihAsa - nirmANa kI abhiruci / jaba aThArahavIM zatAbdi ke madhya bhAga meM kucha pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ko bhArata kA itihAsa taiyAra karane kI ruci huI, taba unheM musalamAnI kAla ke pUrva kI koI bhI ghaTanA, koI smAraka, koI graMtha va koI aitihAsika vyakti aisA nahIM milatA thA jisakA ki samaya sandehAspada na ho / ataeva logoM kI yaha dhAraNA ho gayI ki bhAratIyoM kA, musalamAnI samaya se pUrva kAM, koI itihAsa hI nahIM hai, mAno Arya sabhyatA kA zrIgaNeza cArahavIM zatAbdi meM hI huA ho / yaha bhUla bahuta samaya taka banI rahI / isakA kAraNa eka to yahAM ke paNDitoM kI itihAsa kI ora udAsInatA thI, aura dUsarA yorapa ke logoM kA yahA~

Page #22
prAcIna itihAsa nirmANa ke sAdhana [19 ke sAhitya se aparicaya / isa samaya taka bhArata ke vidvAnoM ko deza ke itihAsa kA mahatva vidita nahIM huA thaa| isa kAraNa unakA dhyAna itihAsa kI khoja kI ora nahIM gayA thaa| aMgrejoM kA saMskRta se aparicita honA svAbhAvika hI thaa| kaI yorapiyana to yahA~ taka bhrama meM the ki ve saMskRtasAhitya ko brAhmaNoM kI kevala jAlasAz2I-mAtra hI samajha baiThe the| itihAsa-nirmANa kA prArambhika itihAsa / saMskRta kA jJAna prApta karane kI AvazyakatA pahilepahila " IsTa iNDiyA kampanI " ke karmacAriyoM ko san 1775 IsavI meM jAna pdd'ii| adAlatoM ke subhIte ke lie usa samaya ke gavarnara janarala vArana hesTiMgz2a ne yahAM ke paNDitoM se smRtiyoM va anya dharmazAstroM ke AdhAra para eka nyAya-kopa (kAnUna kA grantha ) taiyAra karAyA, jo svabhAvataH saMskRta meM taiyAra huaa| aba prazna yaha uThA ki aMgreja nyAyAdhIzoM ke samajhane ke lie isakA aMgrez2I meM anuvAda kaise ho / anta meM, java saMskRta se aMgrez2I meM anuvAda kara sakanevAlA koI vidvAn na mila sakA, taba vaha pustaka phArasI meM anuvAdita karAyI gayI aura usapara se eka aMgrejI prati taiyAra huii| anubhavI aMgrejoM ke hRdaya para isakA gaharA prabhAva par3A aura usI samaya se bahutere vidvAnoM kA dhyAna saMskRta kI ora Akarpita huaa| san 1784 IsavI meM kalakattA-hAIkorTa ke nyAyAdhIza sara viliyama jonsa ke prayatna se paziyA ke itihAsa, zilpa,

Page #23
20] prAcIna itihAsa nirmANa ke sAdhana sAhitya Adi kI khoja aura zodha ke lie kalakatte meM " eziyATika sosAiTI Aca baiMgAla" nAma kI samAja sthApita ho gyii| isake do hI varSa ke uparAnta inhIM jonsa mahodaya ne isa bAtakI ghoSaNA kI ki saMskRta kI bahutasI dhAtue~ tathA zabda-rUpa grIka, laiTina, phAralI Adi ASAoM ke zabdoM se ThIka ThIka milate haiN| ataeva isase vidita hotA hai ki ina laba bhASAoM kI utpatti kA mUla eka hI hai / vasa, yahIM le tulanAtmaka zabda-vijJAna-zAstra (Comparative Philology) kA Arambha huA, jisase sabhI bhASAoM ke prAcIna itihAsapara bahuta prakAza par3A hai / isa camatkArika khoja ne ghorapa aura amerikA ke prAyaH sabhI dezoM meM saMskRta adhyayana kI ruci paidA kara dI aura pacAsa hI varSoM ke bhItara eka ke bAda eka iMglaiNDa, phrAnsa, jarmanI, iTalI, amerikA, jApAna ityAdi dezoM meM "baMgAla-samAja" ke samAna samAe~ sthApita ho gayIM / ina samAjoM ke utsAha aura Adarza ne logoMmeM bar3I jAgRti kara dii| bar3e bar3e anusandhAnakartA dattacitta hokara prAcIna itihAsa kI sAmagrI ikaTThI karane se laga gaye, jisakA phala yaha huA hai ki prAcIna bhArata kI aitihAsika timirarAzi dhIre dhIre bahuta kucha naSTa ho gayI hai aura hotI jAtI hai| itihaasaatiit-kaal| saba dezoM meM prAcIna se prAcIna kAla kI mAnavIya sabhyatA ke jo smAraka mile hai, unase purAtatva-vizAradoM ne nizcita kiyA hai ki mAnupI sabhyatA kA vikAla-krama bhinna bhinna kAla

Page #24
prAcIna itihAsa nirmANa ke sAdhana [21 meM bahutAyata se upayoga meM lAyI gayI dhAtuoM ke samajhane se bahuta kucha spaSTa ho jAtI hai| unakA mata hai ki sabase prathama manuSya apanI AvazyakatA kI vastue~, jaile, audyogika aujAra, lar3AI ke hathiyAra, ghar3e ityAdi, pattharoM kI banAyA karate the| isa kAla ko ve pASANakAla ( Stone Age) kahate hai| dhIre dhIre ye hI patthara kI vastue~ suDaula aura cikanI banAyI jAne lagIM / kramazaH manuSya ne kA~sA dhAtu kA aura phira Age cala. kara lohe kA upayoga lIkhA / ye dono kAla krama se kA~sAkAla ( Bronze Age) aura ayaskAla va loha-kAla ( Iron Age) kahalAte haiN| isI ayaskAla se manuSya kI camatkArika sabhyatA kA itihAsa prArambha hotA hai| yorapa, misara aura pazcimI eziyA ke kucha dezoM meM to ina tInoM kAlI ke cinha mile haiM, kintu bhAratavarSa meM kaoNsa kI koI prAcIna vastue~ nahIM milii| isIse mAnA jAtA hai ki bhAratavarSa meM kA~lA-kAla AyA hI nahIM / kA~se ke sthAna meM yahA~ tAMbe ke upayoga ke pramANa upalabdha hue haiM / isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yahA~ pApANa ke pazcAt tA~vA kAma meM lAyA jAne lagA / yahI bhArata kA tAmra-kAla hai| usake bAda lohe kA upayoga bar3hA / savase pahile yahA~ san 1861 IsavI meM mile0 masuriyara ne koI vastu pApANa-kAla kI khoja nikAlI thii| isake pazcAt dhIre dhIre dakSiNa ke prAntoM meM bahuterI cIjeM aisI milI hai, jinheM purAtatvajJa pASANa-kAla aura loha-kAla kI anumAna karate haiM / san 1870 IsavI meM tA~be ke 424 hathiyAra aura aujAroM kI eka peTI madhyabhArata ke gaMgeriyA nAmaka sthAna

Page #25
28] prAcIna itihAsa nirmANa ke sAdhana samajhate haiM, unheM ina Upara ke anthoM meM koI aitihAsika mahatva dikhAyI nahIM degaa| para deza kA pUrA aura saccA itihAla vahI hai, jisameM deza kI dhArmika, sAmAjika, rAjanItika, vaijJAnika va Arthika avasthA kA silasilevAra varNana pAyA jaave| rAjagharAnoM kA lan-saMvato-sahita varNana itihAsa kA eka aMgamAna hai / itihAsa ke dUsare aMgoM kI pUrti ke lie Upara batAye hue DhaMga ke graMthoM kI chAnabIna nitAnta Avazyaka hai / deza kA saccA gaurava itihAsa ke ina dUsare aMgoM se hI vidita hotA hai| purANa / brAhmaNa sAhitya meM prAcIna itihAsa ke lie sabase adhika sAmagrI hameM purANoM, vizeSataH viSNu, vAyu, matsya, brahmANDa, bhAgavata, mArkaNDeya aura bhaviSyapurANa, se milatI hai| inameM mahAbhArata kAla se lagAkara gupta-kAla taka ke rAjAoM kI vaMzAvaliyA~ aura rAjya karanekI avadhi dI hai, aura sukhya mukhya ghaTanAoM kA bhI ullekha AyA hai| zizunAgavaMza (I0 lan ke pUrva chaThavIM zatAbdi ) ke pUrva ke itihAsa ke lie to inake kathana vizeSa upayogI nahIM haiM, para zizunAga-vaMza se Age ke rAjAoM kA itihAsa bahuta kucha vizvasanIya hai / bIca bIca meM inake kathanoM kA samarthana dUsare pramANoM, jaise videziyoM ke varNana va zilAlekha ityAdi le bhI ho jAtA hai aura inhI pramANoM ke .prakAza meM hameM purANoM ke kathanoM meM kucha hera phera bhI karane par3ate haiN| para purANoM meM kaI aisI truTiyA~ pAyI jAtI haiM, jinake

Page #26
prAcIna itihAsa nirmANa ke sAdhana kAraNa, yadi dUsare pramANa na hote to, itihAsa meM bar3I gar3abar3I maca jAtI / prathama to kaI sthAnoM meM eka hI samaya ke rAjavaMzoM ko kramAgata catalAyA hai, jisase unakA samaya bahuta bar3ha gayA hai| udAharaNArtha, candragupta maurya se lagAkara kailakila yavana narezoM taka purANoM ke anusAra 2,500 varSa kA samaya ciitaa| candragupta kA samaya IsavI san ke pUrva 320 maiM mAnane se phailakila yavanoM kA samaya san 2,200 IsavI meM par3hatA hai| para yathArtha meM kailakila yavanoM kA rAjya IsA kI chaThavIM zatAbdi ke lagabhaga rahA hai| dUsare, kaI bar3e bar3e rAjavaMzoM kA purANoM meM koI spaSTa ullekha taka nahIM pAyA jAtA / kuzAna-vaMza ke kanikAdi pratApI rAjAoM kA, va pazcima ke zaphavaMzI rAjAoM kA purANoM meM kahIM patA nahIM hai / tIsare, inameM koI khAsa san saMvat nahIM diyA gayA, jisase samaya-nirNaya meM bar3hI kaThinAI par3atI hai| cauthe svayam bhinna bhinna purANoM ke rAjAoM ke nAma va unake rAjya-kAla ke vipaya meM virodha pAyA jAtA hai| ___ ina truTiyoM ke hote hue bhI purANoM kI aitihAsika upayogitA kucha kama nahIM hai| jisa samaya ke lie dUsare koI aitihAsika sAdhana nahIM milate, athavA jahA~ para inake kathanoM kA koI pravala virodhI pramANa nahIM pAyA jAtA, vahA~ sarvathA purANa hI pramANa haiN| prAyaH zizunAgavaMza se lagAkara maurya, zuMga, kaNva, Andhra Adi vaMzoM kI pUrI pUrI nAmAvaliyAM purANoM hI se lI jAtI haiN| purANoM ke nirmANa-kAla ke sambaMdha meM bahuta vidvAnoM kA mata yaha hai ki inakI racanA gupta rAjAoM ke samaya meM (IsavI

Page #27
prAcIna itihAsa nirmANa ke sAdhana [ 33 calAyA / hUNavaMzI mihirakula kA jaina-purANoM ke kalkirAja siddha ho jAne se mihirakula ke samaya-nirNaya se bahuta sahAyatA milatI hai / kAvya-grantha Arya - sAhitya meM aitihAsika sAmagrI samaya samaya para likhe gaye kAvya, nATaka, campU Adi granthoM se bhI milatI hai / san 1949 IsavI ke lagabhaga likhI gayI kalhaNa paNDita kI rAjataraMgiNI meM purANoM ke anusAra mahAbhArata kAla se lagAkara lekhaka ke samaya taka kA itihAsa saMskRta-padya meM diyA gayA hai| prArambha meM kalhaNa ne apanese pahile ke bar3e bar3e itihAsa-lekhakoM ke nAma diye haiM va unake granthoM ke guNa-doSa batalAye haiM / isake anusAra suvRtta, kSemendra, nIlamuni, helArAja, padmamihira aura chavillAkara nAmake muniyoM ne bar3e bar3e itihAsa likhe the, jinameM se, jAna par3atA hai, kucha kalhaNa kavi ko upalabdha the / para aba inake granthoM kA patA nahI calatA / rAjataraMgiNI ke kathana chaThavIM zatAvdi se lagAkara bArahavIM zatAbdi taka ke lie to bahuta ThIka jJAta hote haiM, para isake pUrva ke itihAsa meM yahA~ bhI purANoM jaisI gar3abar3I pAyI jAtI hai| isake anusAra samrAT azoka IsA ke pUrva bArahavIM zatAbdi meM hue / para isa rAjA kA IsavI san ke pUrva tIsarI zatAbdi meM honA siddha ho cukA hai| isI prakAra mihirakula ke bhArata- AkramaNa kA samaya IsavI san ke pUrva chaThavIM zatAbdi maiM batalAyA gayA hai, jo yathArtha meM isa samaya se eka sahastra

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381 prAcIna itihAsa nirmANa ke sAdhana usa samaya ke bhArata kA jitanA hAla usane dekhA aura sunA, usako usane apanI eka pustaka meM likhA thaa| durbhAgya-vaza : vaha grantha hameM prApta nahIM huA hai, para usake pIche honevAle bahutase yUnAnI lekhakoM ne usa grantha se jo kucha uddhRta kiyA hai, usI se hameM maigasthanIz2a kA bhArata-varNana kA patA calatA hai| maigasthanIz2a kA sambandha rAjadaravAra se thA; isaliye usane naitika bAtoM kA jo vivaraNa diyA hai, vaha bahuta yathArtha aura vizvasanIya hai, kyoMki usakI puSTi azoka ke zilAlekhoM se evam vizAkhadatta ke mudrArAkSasa tathA hAla hI meM prApta usI kAla ke ati prAmANika grantha cANakya ke ' arthazAstra' le hotI hai / maigasthanIz2a ne mauryavaMzIya rAjadhAnI pATalIputra, rAjA kI dinacaryA, nagara, prAnta, guptacara, senA va nyAya Adi ke prabandha kA jo citra khIMcA hai, vaha mukhya-mukhya bAtoM meM uparyukta granthoM ke samAna hI hai| para usane jo kevala zruta bAte hI likhI haiM, unheM par3hakara Azcarya hotA hai ki maigasthanIz2a jaise sUkSmadarzI itihAsa-lakhaka ne aisI asambhava bAtoM kA varNana kyo kara kiyA! vaha likhatA hai ki bhArata meM kaI manuSya-jAtiyA~ aisI haiM, jinake mukha nahIM hotA, tathA jinake eka hI A~kha hotI hai| yadyapi ina bAtoM kA itihAsa se koI sambandha nahIM hai, tathApi lekhaka kI sarala vizvAsaparatA kA paricaya karAne ke lie ina vAtoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| cUMki maigasthanIz2a kI mUla pustaka hameM prApta nahIM hai, isaliye yaha bhI sambhava hai ki ye vAte usakI racanA se uddhRta karanevAle lekhakoM ne janazruti ke AdhAra para jor3a dI ho|

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48 prAcIna itihAsa nirmANa ke sAdhana vaMzAvalI dI rahatI hai| prayAga ke kile meM vidyamAna samudragupta (326-375) ke eka bar3e bhArI stasma para ke lekha meM isa rAjA kI digvijaya kA varNana hai, jisameM usa samaya ke uttara aura dakSiNa bhArata ke prAyaH sabhI rAjyoM va rAjAoM kA ullekha hai| inameM se bahuta se nAmoM kA to aitihAsika patA laga gayA hai, para kitane hI abhItaka vivAdagrasta haiN| bahutoM kA mata hai ki kAlidAla ne raghuvaMza ke cauthe varga meM raghu kI digvijaya kA varNana samudragupta kI hanI vijayayAtrA ke AdhAra para kiyA hai| isa lekha kI bhASA aura isake pazcAt ke kumAragupta ke mandalora ke lekha (lan 173-74 IsavI) kI kavitA-zailI zabda-prayoga tathA varNana kA DhaMga aura alaMkAroM kI yojanA kAlidAsa ke kAvyoM le bahuta kucha milatI hai| isa para khe kucha vidvAn anumAna karate haiM ki yaha mahAkavi inhIM gupta rAjAoM ke samaya meM hue haiN| isa mata kA kucha-kucha samarthana dUsare kaI pramANoM se bhI hotA hai| candragupta dvitIya (sana 375-413 I0 ke sikkoM para se usakA dUsarA nAma vikramAditya bhI pAyA jAtA hai aura kAlidAsa ke viSaya meM bhI yaha janaH zruti hai ki ye vikramAditya ke darabAra meM the| meghadUta meM inhoM ne hUNoM kA nivAsa sthAna vakSu (Oxus oNklasa) nadI kA tIra batAyA hai / itihAsa se patA calatA hai ki hUNa logoM kA nivAsa oNksasa ke kinAre san 450 IsavI ke lagabhaga thaa| isake kucha hI pazcAt unhoMne bhArata para AkramaNa kiyaa| bahuta le lekha mandiroM va deva-mUrtiyoM kI sthApanA ke smAraka hone se, ca kaI lekhoM ke maMgalAcaraNoM para se ve usa

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prAcIna itihAsa nirmANa ke sAdhana [53 prAcIna sikke prAcIna zilAlekhoM ke samAna prAcIna sikkoM se bhI bhArata ke itihAsa-nirmANa meM bahuta sahAyatA milatI hai| zilAlekhoM ke sAtha hI isa sAdhana para bhI vidvAnoM kI dRSTi pahuMcI / yathArtha meM zilAlekhoM ke par3he jAne kI kujI prAcIna-sikkoM se hI milI / brAhI aura kharoSTrI lipi ke jina akSaroM meM prAcInatama lekha likhe milate haiM ve pracalita lipiyoM se itane bhinna hai ki bahuta samaya taka khUba prayatna kiye jAne para bhI azoka ke zilAlekha par3he nahIM jA ske| phArasI kI tavArIkhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki san 1356 I0 meM devalI ke sulatAna phIroz2azAha tugalaka ne azoka ke do stambha bAharase dehalI meM ma~gavAye the aura una para khacita lekhoM kA Azaya jAnane kI icchA kI thii| parantu usa samaya eka bhI vidvAna aisA na milA jo ukta lekhoM ko par3ha sakatA / kahate haiM ki mugala samrATa akabara ko bhI ukta stambhoM para ke lekhoM kA Azaya jAnane kI pravala icchA thI, parantu par3hanevAloM ke abhAva se vaha pUrNa na ho skii| san 1840 IsavI ke lagabhaga sara jemsa priMlepa ne inheM par3hane kA prayatna kiyaa| kucha samaya taka asaphala hone ke pazcAt unheM brAhmI aura kharoSTrI varNamAlA pahacAnane kI eka kulI mila gayI / IsavI sana ke pUrva tIsarI zatAbdi meM jo yUnAnI bAdazAha paJjAba prAnta meM rAjya karate the unake calAye hue bahuta se prApta sikkoM se jina para rAjA kA nAma tathA padavI eka tarapha yUnAnI aura dUsarI tarapha brAhmI va kharoSTrI akSaroM meM likhI hai, unameM Aye hue bahutere akSaroM kA jJAna ho gayA aura

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5. prAcIna itihAsa nirmANa ke sAdhana gupta rAjAoM ke sikkoM ke hI samAna kucha cA~dI ke sikke mile haiM, jina para rAjA ke mastaka ko chApa hai aura saMvat 52 kA aMka hai| dUsarI tarapha vijitAvaniravanipati zrI toramANa deva jayati' likhA rahatA hai| yaha toramANa vahI hai jisakA paricaya hama usake do zilAlekhoM le pA cuke haiN| jisa saMvat kA yahA~ ullekha hai vaha anumAnataH hUNa saMvat hai, jisakA ki prArambha sana 448 IsavI ke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai| isa rAjA ke putra mihirakula ke bhI kucha sikke milate haiM, jina para rAjA kI mUrti ke sAtha-sAtha trizUla aura baila bhI bane rahate haiN| isase isakA zaiva-matAnuyAyI honA siddha hotA hai| kucha cA~dI aura tA~be ke sikke bhI mile haiM, jinapara eka tarapha 'vijitAvaniravanipati zrI zIlAditya divaM jayati / aura dUsarI tarapha inhIM padaviyoM ke sAtha-sAtha zIlAditya ke sthAna meM 'zrIharSa' likhA rahatA hai| 'sa'ke Age 1 le 33 taka ke bhinna-bhinna aMka bhI unapara pAye jAte haiN| isase harSa' kA hI dUsarA nAma zIlAditya honA siddha hotA hai| harSa ne apane nAma kA eka saMvat bhI calAyA thA, jisakA prArambha ( kAzmIrI paJcAMgoM ke anusAra) san 606 IsavI se mAnA jAtA hai / saMyukta prAnta aura nepAla meM lagabhaga 300 varSa taka isake pracalita rahane ke pramANa bhI milate haiN| ataH isameM sandeha nahIM ki sikkoM para yahI harSa-saMvat uddhRta kiyA gayA hai|

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prAcIna itihAsa nirmANa ke sAdhana [59 bhArata ke prAcIna itihAsa-nirmANa ke lie mukhyatayA ye hI cAra sAdhana upalabdha haiN| Arya-sAhitya kI aitihAsika sAmagrI kA upayoga bahuta sAvadhAnI aura AlocanAtmaka buddhi le karanA cAhie, kyoMki isameM atizayokti, paraspara virodha aura kalpanAzaki bahuta pAI jAtI hai| videziyoM ke kathana bahutAyata se vizvasanIya haiM / para kucha kAla ke itihAsa para ye sAdhana kucha bhI prakAza nahIM ddaalte| zilAlekha, tAmrapatra ityAdi kA aitihAsika vRttAnta sarvathA mAnanIya hai aura jisa samaya ke zilAlekha athavA tAmra. patra upalabdha haiM, usa samaya ke lie inheM pradhAna pramANa mAnanA cAhie aura inhIM ke prakAza meM anya sAdhanoM ke tathya kA nirNaya karanA cAhie / sikkoM meM aitihAsika vArtA Ane ke lie bahuta kama kSetra hai, para phira bhI inakI aitihAsika upayogitA bahuta mahatva kI hai| ye zilAlekhoM kI pUrti karate haiM aura khayam unase pUrNa kiye jAte haiN| Upara ke lekha meM yahI batalAyA gayA hai ki ina cAra sAdhanoM se kisa-kisa prakAra kI aitihAsika sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai aura jo kucha aitihAsika vArtA dI gayI hai, vaha kevala udAharaNa-svarUpa hai| isase yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki ina sAdhanoM se abhI taka kevala itanA hI itihAsa sampAdita kiyA gayA hai| namawesome -

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jaina dharma kA prasAra jo loga itihAsa ke mahatva se anabhinna hai ve prazna kara lakate haiM ki bahuta samaya ke purAne khaMDaharoM, TUTI phUTI mUrtioM va aspaSTa, aparicita lipiyoM aura bhASAoM meM likhe hue zilAlekhoM ke patoM aura vivaraNoM se pustakoM ke saphe bharane le kyA lAbha ? aise bhole bhAiyoM ke hitArtha itihAsa kI mahattA batAne ke liye maiM kevala itanA hI kahanA paryApta lamajhatA hUM ki yaha ujvala itihAsa kI hI mahimA hai jo bauddha dharma, jisakA kaI zatAbdiyAM huI hindusthAna se sarvathA nAma hI uTha gayA hai, Aja bhI vidvat samAja meM bahuta mAna aura gaurava kI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA hai, aura jaina dharma, jo ki bauddha dharma se kahIM adhika prAcIna hai, jisakI sattA Aja bhI bhAratavarSa meM acchI prabalatA se vidyamAna hai, jisakI philAsaphI bauddha va anya kitanI hI philAsaphiyoM kI apekSA bahuta ucca aura vaijJAnika hai, va jilakA sAhitya bhArata ke anya kisI bhI sAhitya kI pratispardhA meM mAna se khar3A ho sakatA hai, aisA jaina dharma, abhI taka bahuta kama vidvAnoM kI ruci aura sahAnubhUti prApta kara sakA hai / bauddha dharma ke itihAsa para itanA prakAza par3a cukA ki usapara vidvAnoM kI sahaja hI dRSTi par3a jAtI hai| para jaina dharma kA itihAsa abhI taka bhArI aMdhakAra meM par3A hai jisase use saMsAra meM Aja yaha mAna prApta nahIM hai jisakA ki vaha nyAya se bhAgI hai|

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jaina dharma kA prasAra [ 61 Aja se koI Der3ha sau varSa pUrva jaba pazcimI vidvAnoM ne bhArata kA prAcIna itihAsa taiyAra karanA prArambha kiyA tava unheM isa deza kI eka mukhyajana-samAja jaina jAti ke viSaya maiM bhI apanI sammati pragaTa karane kI AvazyakatA pdd'ii| isa sammati ko sthApita karane ke liye sAdhana DhUMDhane meM unakI dRSTi " ahiMsA paramo dharmaH " jaise jainiyoM ke sthUla siddhAntoM para par3I jo kaI aMzoM meM bauddha siddhAntoM se milate julate haiM / ataH ve jhaTa isa rAya para pahuMca gaye ki jaina dharma bauddha dharma kI eka zAkhA - mAtra hai / isa mata ko sAmane rakhakara pIche pIche kaI vidvAnoM ne jaina dharma ke viSaya meM khojeM kIM, to unheM isI mata kI puSTi ke pramANa mile| mahAvIra svAmI aura mahAtmA buddha ke jIvana kAla, jIvana- ghaTanAoM upadezoM va unake mAtA pitA aura kuTumbI janoM ke nAma Adi maiM unheM aisI samAnatAyeM dRSTi par3IM ki unheM ve eka hI manuSya ke jIvana-caritra ke do rUpAntara jAna par3e, aura kyoMki unheM jainiyoM ke pakSa ke koI bhI aise pramANa va smAraka prApta nahIM 'aa hue jinase jaina dharma kI svatantra utpatti pramANita hotI, ata: unakA yaha mata pakkA Thahara gayA ki jaina dharma bauddha dharma se nikalA hai / usa samaya ke prasiddha bhArata - itihAsa lekhaka elphinsTana sAheba ne apane itihAsa meM jaina dharma ke viSaya meM yaha likhA " The Jainas appear to have originated in the sixth or seventh century of our era, to have become conspicuous in the eighth or ninth century, > got the highest prosperity in the eleventh and declined after the twelfth ". 1 Elphinstone History of India P. 121.

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62] jaina dharma kA prasAra 'athAt jaina dharma IsA kI chaThavIM sAtavIM zatAbdi meM prArambha huA, 8 vIM 9 vIM zatAbdi meM isakI acchI prasiddhi huI, 11 havIM zatAbdi meM isane bahuta unnati kI aura 12 havIM zatAbdi ke pazcAt isakA hAsa prArambha ho gyaa| jainiyoM ne isa mata ko apramANita siddha karane kA koI lamucita prayatna aura udyoga nahIM kiyaa| isaliye pUrI eka zatAndi taka pAzcAtya va kitane hI dezI vidvAnoM kA yahI bhrama rahA / yadyapi ila bIca meM kolabuka' 'jonla' 'vilsana' 'TAmala', 'lesana', 'vevara' Adi aneka pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne jaina granthoM kA acchA adhyayana kiyA aura jaina darzana kI khUba prazaMsA bhI kI, para usakI utpatti ke viSaya meM unake vicAra aparivartita hI rhe| unhoMne jaina purANoM meM diye hue tIrthaMkaroM ke caritra to par3he, para una para unheM vizvAsa na huA kyoMki una granthoM ke kAvya-kalpanA-samudra meM gote lagAkara aitihAsika tathya rUpI rala prApta kara lenA ekadama sahaja kAma nahIM thaa| aise samaya meM bhAgyavaza bhAratIya itihAsa kI zodha kA eka nayA sAdhana hAtha aayaa| deza meM jagaha jagaha jo zilAoM va stambhoM va mandiroM Adi kI dIvAroM para lekha milate the una para itihAsa-khojakoM kI dRSTi gii| bahuta samaya ke nirantara parizrama se vidvAn loga ina lekhoM kI lipi samajhane meM saphala hue jisase unakI aitihAsika chAna bIna sulabha ho gaI / gata zatAbdi ke madhya bhAga meM sara jemla priMsepa' jaise pratibhAzAlI vyaktiyoM ke udyoga le azoka samrAT kI

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- - 68] jaina dharma kA prasAra jaina-dharma kA praveza ur3IsA meM zizunAgavaMzI rAjA nandavardhana ke samaya meM hogayA thaa| khAravela ke samaya se pUrva bhI udayagiri parvata para ahaMtoM ke mandira the, kyoMki unakA ullekha khAravela ke lekha meM AyA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki (vAravela ke samaya meM) jaina dharma kaI zatAbdiyoM taka ur3IsA kA rASTrIya dharma raha cukA thaa| ila lekha kI upayogitA ke viSaya meM zrIyukta jAyasavAla jI kahate haiN| :tions as institutions which had been in existence before Kharavela's time. It seems that Jainism had been the national religion of Orissa for some centuries. (J. B, O.R. S. Vol III. p. 448.) + This inscription occupies a unique position amougst the materials of Indian History for the centuries preceding the Christian era. In point of age it is the second inscription after Asoka, the first being the Nanaghat inscription of Vedisri. But from the point of view of the chronology of the premauryan times and the history of Jainism, it is the most important inscription yet discovered in the country. It confirms the Puranic record and carries the dynastic chronology to C. 450 B.O. Further, it proves that Jainism entered Orissa, and probably became the State religion, within 100 years of its founder Mahavira. It affords the earliest historical instance of the unity of Bihar and Orissa (450 B.C.) For the social history of this country, we get the very important datum that the population of ancient Orissa was 3} millions in Circa 172 B. C.

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78] jaina dharma kA prasAra isI pakSa meM dI hai aura mi0 hI smitha bhI anta meM isa mata kI ora jhuke haiN| isa prakAra zravaNa belagula ke lekha jaina itihAsa ke liye bar3e mahatva aura gaurava ke pramANita hue haiN| unake vinA mahArAja candragupta kA jainI honA siddha karanA asambhava hotaa| ___yaha kevala una mukhya mukhya prAcInatama lekhoM kA paricaya hai jinane jaina itihAsa para vizeSa prakAza DAla kara usake adhyayana meM eka naye yugakA prArambha kara diyA hai va itihAsajJoM kI sammati-dhArAya vadala dI haiN| inake atirikta vividha sthAnoM meM bhinna bhinna samaya ke saikar3oM nahIM lahasro jaina lekha va anya jaina smAraka aise mile haiM jinale prAcIna kAla meM jaina dharma ke prabhAva va pracAra kA patA calatA hai| ve siddha kara rahe haiM ki jaina dharma kA bhUtakAla jagamagAtA huA rahA hai| vaha bahuta lamaya taka rAja-dharma raha cukA hai| isakI jyoti kSatriyoM ne prabhAvAn banAI thI aura kSatriyoM dvArA hI isakI puSTi aura prasiddhi huI thii| magadha ke zizunAga vaMzI va maurya vaMzI narezo, va ur3IsA ke mahArAjA khAra bela ke atirika dakSiNa ke kadamba, cAlukya, rASTrakUTa, raha, pallava, santAra Adi aneka prAcIna rAjavaMzoM dvArA isa dharma kI unnati aura khyAti huI, aisA lekhoM se siddha ho cukA hai| para yaha saba aitihAsika sAmagrI aMgrejI meM 'epInAphiA iNDikA' 'epIgrAphiA karnATikA' 'iNDiyana enTIverI' 'oNkilAjikala sarve riporTa' Adi bhArI bhArI patrikAoM meM vikharI par3I hai jo hindI ke pAThako

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saMyukta prAnta [79 kI pahuMca ke pare hone ke kAraNa va aneka aMgrejI jAnane vAloM ko samayAbhAva va sAdhanAbhAva ke kAraNa bahutAyata se sAdhAraNa vyaktiyoM ke paricaya meM nahIM AI hai| AvazyakatA hai ki vaha saba ekatrita kara sulabha aura sarvopayogI banAI jaave| saMyukta praant| saMyukta prAnta kI jainiyoM ke liye aitihAsika prAcInatA aura dhArmika mahattA bahuta bhArI hai| yaha bhUmi itihAsAtIta kAla meM kitane hI tIrthakaroM ke garbha, janma, tapa jJAna va nirvANa kalyANakoM se pavitra huI hai| 'ayodhyA' pAMca tIrtha karoM kI janma-nagarI hai| isa kAla ke dharma-nAyaka jaina-dharma pracAraka zrI AdinAtha bhagavAna kA janma isI nagarI meM huA thA / 'banArasa' meM zrI supArzvanAtha aura pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara janme the / aura yahAM se nikaTa hI 'candrapurI' candra prabhu kI va siMhapurI (sAranAtha) zreyAMsanAtha kI janma bhUmi hai / 'hastinApura' kI pavitratA se kauna jainI aparicita hogaa| yahAM zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha va arahanAtha tIrthaMkaroM ke garma, janma, tapa aura zAna cAra cAra kalyANaka hue haiN| yahIM ke rAjA zreyAMsa' ne AdinAtha bhagavAn ko saba se prathama AhAra dekara AhAra dAna kI vidhi kA pracAra kiyA thA / 'ahicchana ' zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAn kI vaha tapobhUmi hai jahAM unhoMne pApI 'kamaTha' ke ghora upasagoM ko sahA thaa| 'prayAga' ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai ki yahAM AdinAtha bhagavAn ne tapa kiyA thA va yahAM se samIpa hI jainiyoM 1 digaMbara jaina DAyarekTarI

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80] saMyukta prAnta kI prasiddha nagarI 'kauzAmbI ' hai jahAM padmaprabha tIrthakara kA janma huA thA va jinake tapa aura jJAna kalyANaka nikaTavartI ' prabhAkSetra ' nAmaka parvata para hue the / ' padmaprabha' ke nAma se hI yaha sthAna aba papaulA va phaphausA kahalAtA hai / isI prakAra kiSkindhApura ( khukhundo ), ratnapurI kampilA Adi atizaya kSetra isa prAMta meM vidyamAna hai| aMtima kevalI jambU svAmI kI nirvANa bhUmi bhI isI prAMta ke bhItara mathurA ke pAsa caurAsI nAmaka sthAna para hai jahAM aba bhI unake nAma kA vizAla maMdira banA huA hai| inameM se kaI nagaroM meM aba bhI kucha na kucha jaina smAraka pAye jAte haiM / para aba taka jitane prApta hue haiM ve prAnta kI prAcInatA va jaina dharma se ghaniSThatA ko dekhate hue kucha bhI nahIM hai / hameM pUrNa AzA hai ki yadi vidhipUrvaka khoja kI jAya to asaMkhyAta jaina smAraka mila sakate haiM jinase jaina itihAsa kA mukha ujjvala ho sakatA hai va jaina purANoM kI pramANikatA siddha ho sakatI hai| kauzAmbI ke hI viSaya meM sara vinlenTa smitha kA mata dekhiye / ve apane eka lekha meM likhate haiM "I feel certain that the remains at Kosam in the Allahabad district will prove to be Jain for the most part and not Buddhist as Cunningham supposed. The village undoubtedly represents the Kausambi of the Jains and the site where Jain temples exist is still a place of pilgrimage for the votaries of Mahavira. I have shown good reason for believing that the Buddhist Kausambi was a different place (J. R A. S., July 1898). I commend the study of the antiquities at Kosam to the special attention of the Jain community".

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saMyukta prAnta [ et " 'mujhe pUrNa vizvAla hai ki alAhAbAda jile ke kosama nAmaka grAma ke khaNDahara ityAdi bahutAyata se jaina smAraka siddha hoMge, na ki bauddha, jaisA ki kaniMghama ne anumAna kiyA thA / yaha grAma nizcaya se jaina kauzAmbI hai| jisa sthAna para mandira bane haiM vaha aba bhI mahAbIra ke upAsakoM (jainiyoM ) kA tIrtha-sthAna hai / maiMne bauddhoM kI kauzAmbI anyatra rahI hai, isakA ThIka ThIka kAraNa batalA diyA hai / maiM kauzAmbI ke prAcIna smArakoM kA jaina samAja dvArA vizeSa rUpa se adhyayana kiye jAne kI sammati detA huuN| " jainiyoM dvArA khoja ke sambandha meM smitha sAhaca ke vicAra dhyAna dene aura kArya meM pariNata karane ke yogya hai / unakI rAya meM + "The field for exploration is vast, At the present day the adherents of the Jain religion are mostly to be found in Rajputana and Western India. But it was not always so. In olden days the creed of Mahavira was far more widely diffused than it is now. In the 7th century A D, for instance, that creed had numerous followers in Vaisal1 { Basenti, north of Patna ) and in Eastern Bengal, localities where its adherents are now extermely few. I have myself seen abundant evidences of the former prevalence of Jainism in Bundelkhand during the mediaeval period especially in the 11th and the 12th centuries. Jain images in that country are numerous in places where a Jain is now never seen. Further south, in the Deccan, and the Tamil countries, Jainism was, for centuries, a great and ruling power in regions where it is now almost unknown. 33

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jaina dharma kA prasAra 82 ] ' khoja kA kSetra bahuta vistIrNa hai / Ajakala jaina dharma ke pAlane vAle bahutAyata se rAjaputAnA aura pazcima bhArata meM hI pAye jAte haiM / para sadaiva aisA nahIM thA / prAcIna samaya meM yaha mahAvIra kA dharma Ajakala kI apekSA kahIM bahuta adhika phailA huA thaa| udAharaNArtha, IsA kI 7 vIM zatAbdi meM isa dharma ke anuyAyI vaizAlI aura pUrva baMgAla meM bahuta saMkhyA meM the / para Aja bahuta hI kama jainI haiN| maine svayaM cundelakhaMDa meM vahAM 11 vIM aura 12 vIM zatAbdi ke lagabhaga jaina dharma ke pracAra ke bahuta se cihna pAye / usa deza ke kaI aise sthAnoM para bahuta sI jaina mUrtiyAM pAI jAtI haiM jahAM aba eka bhI jainI kabhI dikhAI nahIM par3atA / dakSiNa meM Age ko bAr3haye to jina tAmila aura drAvir3a dezoM meM zatAbdiyoM taka jaina dharma kA zAsana rahA hai vahAM vaha ava ajJAta hI sA ho gayA hai ' aura bhI unakA kahanA hai / : / 'mujhe nizcaya hai ki jaina stUpa aba bhI vidyamAna haiM aura yadi anveSaNa kiyA jAya to mila sakate haiM / unake pAye jAne kI sambhAvanA aura sthAnoM kI apekSA rAjaputAne meM adhika hai ' | kevala ArkilAjikala sarve riporTa ke saphe ulaTane se hI patA cala jAtA hai ki jagaha jagaha, gAMva gAMva meM, prAcIna sabhyatA kI jhalake haiN| agara logoM meM prAcIna smArakoM ke khoja karane kI ruci A jAve to thor3e hI samaya meM na jAne kitanI aitihA I feel certain that Jain stupas must be still in existence and that they will be found if looked for. They are more likly to be found in Rajputana than elsewhere".

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[23 madhyapradeza isakA samAcAra vijala nareza ke pAsa phuNcaa| ve rAmayya para bahuta kupita hue / para rAmayya ne vahI adbhuta camatkAra unake sAmane bhI kara dikhaayaa| taba to rAjA ko rAmayya ke deva meM vizvAsa ho gayA, aura unhoMne jainiyoM ko daravAra se alaga kara unheM zaivoM ke sAtha jhagar3A na karane kI sakhta tAkIda kara dii| yaha madhyaprAnta meM jainadharma ke -hAsa aura zaiva dharma kI vRddhi kA, hindU purANoM ke anusAra, vRttAnta hai| isameM satya to jo kucha ho, para isameM saMdeha nahIM ki isa samaya se yahAM aura dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma ko zavadharma ne jarjarita kara ddaalaa| Age musalamAnI kAla meM bhI isa dharma kI bhArI kSati huI aura use unnati kA avasara nahIM mila sakA / jaina dharma rAjAzraya vihIna hokara kSINa avazya ho gayA, para usakA sarvathA lopa na ho skaa| svayaM kalacuri-vaMza meM jaina dharma kA prabhAva banA hI rahA / madhyaprAnta meM jo jaina kalavAra sahasroM kI saMkhyA meM pAye jAte haiM, ve inhIM kalacuriyoM kI saMtAna hai| aneka bhArI mandira jo Ajataka vidyamAna haiM ve prAyaH isI giratI ke samaya meM nirmANa hue haiM / jainiyoM ke mukhya tIrtha isa prAnta meM baitUla jile meM muktAgiri, nimAr3a jile meM siddhavara-kUTa aura damoha jile meM kuMDalapura hai| muktAgiri, aparanAma meDhAgiri, aura siddhavarakUTa siddha-kSetra haiM, jahAM se prAcIna kAla meM saikar3oM muniyoM ne mokSa pada prApta kiyA hai| muktAgiri meM kula ar3atAlIsa mandira haiM jinameM mUrtiyoM para vikrama kI caudahavIM zatAbdi se lagAkara sattarahavIM zatAnditaka ke ullekha haiN| ina mandiroM meM pAMca bahuta prAcIna pratIta hote haiM, aura sambhavataH bArahavIM, terahavIM zatAbdi

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bambaI bhArata vA hai| usake mukhya, kokana aura 108] jaina dharma kA prasAra bahuvAra atyAcAriyoM se naSTa bhraSTa kiye gye| para hAya ! Aja rahI sahI bhI pothiyAM yoM kaha rahI, kyA tuma vahI ho, Aja to pahacAnataka par3ate nahIM // 2 // bambaI prAnta bambaI bhArata varSa kA sabase bar3A prAnta hai / yathArtha meM vaha kaI pradeza kA samUha hai| usake mukhya vibhAga ye haiM :-siMgha, gujarAta, kAThiyAvAr3a, khAnadeza, bambaI, kokana aura karnATaka / isameM lagabhaga eka lAkha teIsa hajAra varga mIla sthAna hai| yaha prAnta jitanA lambA caur3A hai utanA mahatva-pUrNa bhI hai| jaisA vaha Aja dezake prAntoM kA siratAz2a hai, vaisA hI prAcIna itihAla meM bhI vaha prAladdha rahA hai| IsvI san se hajAroM varSa pUrva isa prAnta kA bahuta dUra dUra ke pUrvI aura pazcimI dezoM se samudradvArA vyApAra hotA thaa| bhRgukakSA bhaDoca), sopArA, sUrata Adi bar3e bar3e prAcIna bandarasthAna haiN| inakA ullekha Aja se aDhAI hajAra varSa purAne pAlI granthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / adhikAMza videzI zAsaka, jinhoMne isa deza para sthAyI prabhAva DAlA, lamudradvArA isI prAnta meM pahale pahala aaye| sikandara bAdazAha sindha se samudradvArA hI vApila lauTA thaa| araba logoMne AThavIM zatAbdi ke prArambha meM pahale pahala gujarAta para caDhAI kI thii| gyArahavIM zatAbdi ke prArambha meM mahamUda gajanavI kI gujarAta meM somanAtha ke maMdira kI lUTase hI hindU rAjAoM kI labale bar3I parAjaya huI aura hindU rAjya kI nIMva ukhar3a gaI / satrahavIM zatAndi ke prArambha meM IsTa iMDiyA kaMpanI ne pahale pahala isI

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118 ] jaina dharma kA prasAra sAmAjika saMkIrNatA se rahita hai ki pratyeka dharmavAle ise apanA dharma grantha siddha karane meM apanA gaurava mAnate haiN| para jinhone niSpakSa hRdaya se isa grantha kA adhyayana kiyA hai unhoMne ise eka jainAcArya kI kRti hI mAnA hai / aneka sAhityika pramANa bhI isa bAta ke mile haiM ki yaha grantha elAcArya nAma ke jainAcArya kA banAyA huA hai| unhoMne apane ziSya 'tiruvalluvara' ke dvArA ise 'saMgama' kI svIkRti ke hetu bhejA thaa| nIlakezo kI TIkA meM ise spaSTa rUpa se jaina zAstra kahA hai| hinduoM kI kiMvadantI hai ki elAsiMha nAmaka eka zaiva sAdhu ke ziSya tiruvalluvara ne 'kurala' grantha racA thaa| isa kiMvadantI se bhI parokSarUpase kurala kA elAcArya kI kRti honA siddha hotA hai / ye elAcArya anya koI nahIM, digambara saMpradAyake ArI stambha zrI kundakundAcArya hI mAne jAte haiN| isa viSaya meM jinhe ruci ho unheM kurala grantha kA aura isa sambaMdha meM prakAzita aneka lekhoM kA svayaM adhyayana karanA caahiye| kurala zAstra kI sattA se hI siddha hotA hai ki IsvI san ke prArambha meM jaina dharma ke udAra siddhAntoM kA tAmila deza meM acchA Adara hotA thaa| phrejara sAhaba ne apane itihAsa meM kahA hai ki vaha jainiyoM ke hI prayatna kA phala thA ki dakSiNa bhArata meM nayA Adarza, nayA sAhitya, navIna AcAra-vicAra aura nUtana * kurala grantha kA hindI anuvAda prakAzita karAnA jainiyoM kA kartavya hI nahIM, unakA mahatvapUrNa adhikAra thaa| hAlahI meM isakA eka hindI anuvAda ajamera ke ' sastA sAhitya kAryAlaya se prakAzita huA hai / jainiyoM ko ise avazya par3hanA caahiye|

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20] saMskRti-rakSA aura dUsarI ora jJAta sAhityakA prakAzana | abhI nAgora Adi kitanehI zAstra bhaMDAra aise haiM jo varSoMle khule nahIM aura jahAM ke graMthoMkA abhItaka hameM kuchamI paricaya nahIM hai| aise aMthoMko dekhakara unakI sUcI Adi banAnA cAhiye aura unako Age surakSita rakhanekI vyavasthA karanA caahiye| isa sambandhameM maiM pAThakokA dhyAna isa bAtapara AkarSita karanA cAhatA hUM ki prAcIna graMthoko surakSita rakhane aura unakI kApiyAM sulabha karane kA hame Ajakala eka bahuta acchA sAdhana upalabdha hai| likhita kApI karAkara graMthoddhAra karanA Ajakala bar3A kaThina hai| lekhakoM ko purAnI lipi paDhanekA abhyAsa nahIM rahatA, isase ve zuddha likha nahIM skte| bhaMDArole graMtha dIrgha samayake liye milanA kaThina hotA hai, isase ve jaldI meM likhe jAte haiN| aura phira ekase dUsarI kApI karAnemeM vahI kaThinAI upasthita hotI hai| kharcabhI bahuta lagatA hai| maine prAkRta graMthoMkI kucha Adhunika aisI azuddha pratiyAM dekhI haiM jinaparase usa graMthakA saMzodhana karanA usI bhASAmeM nayA graMtha likhanelesI adhika kaThina hai| unake saMzodhana ke liye anya Adarza pratiyoMkI AvazyakatA banI hI rahatI hai / ataeva hameM prAcIna graMthoMkI kApiyAM aba phoTo dvArA karAnA caahiye| graMthoM kA phoTo bahuta jaldI aura bilakula usI rUpa meM sulabhatAle liyA jA sakatA hai| hajAroM pRSThoMke graMthako Apa kucha ghaMToM meM phoTogrApha karA sakate hai, aura nigeTiva surakSita rakhakara jaba jitanI pratiyAM Apa cAhe chApa sakate haiM / isake pazcAt Adarza pratikIbhI kucha jarUrata zeSa

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54] dharma-prabhAvanA ke samayocita upAya jainadharma kA pracAra kiyA gayA thA, kyoMki ye hI bhASAyeM samaya lamayapara jana-lAdhAraNa ke bolacAla meM prayukta hotI thI, aura sabhI, vAla, strI va maMdabuddhi inhe samajhate the| prAcInatama, adhikAMza aura utkRSTa jaina sAhitya inhI bhASAoM meM racA gayA hai| ye bhApAyeM Arya bhASAoM ke vikAza ke itihAsa meM eka khAla sthAna rakhatI haiM, ilIliye bhASAzAstriyoMko jainiyoM ke isa sAhitya kA adhyayana karanA Avazyaka hotA hai| kintu, durbhAgyataH svayaM jaina samAja meM prAkRta bhASAoM ke jJAtAoM kI bahuta kamI hai isase isa sAhityakA yathocita rUpase saMzodhana aura prakA zana bahuta hI kama huA hai| isa khAsa jaina sAhityakI sampatti kI rakSA aura upayoga kA samAja meM koI prabandha nahIM hai| ataeva AvazyakatA hai ki prAkRta ke graMtha uttama saMzodhana ke sAtha prakAzita kiye jAya, tathA samAja meM prAkRta ke vidvAnoM kI saMkhyA baDhAI jAve / isa kArya ke liye samAja kI zikSA aura parIkSA saMsthAoM meM prAkRta ke korsa niyata karane kA prayatna kiyA jAnA caahiye| aneka yUnIvarsiTiyoM meM prAkRta ke korsa niyata hai, kintu bahuta hI kama vidyArthI kvacit hI isa korsa ko grahaNa karate haiM, unameM bhI vizeSa saMkhyA ajaina vidyArthiyoM kI hI rahatI hai / jaina vidyArthiyoM kA usa ora koI dhyAna hI nahIM hai| hamAre vidyArthiyoM ko usa ora uttejita karane ke liye hameM pratyeka zUnIvarsiTI meM prAkRta lenevAle vidyArthiyoM ke liye kucha khAsa chAtravRttiyoM kA tathA parIkSAoM meM uttIrNa hone vAloM ke liye suvarNa va rajata padaka Adi pAritoSakoM kA pravandha honA caahiye|

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