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________________ jaina darzana meM dravya kI avadhAraNA jIva aura jagat mAnava kI Aditama samasyAyeM rahI haiM, kyA nahIM kiyA hai usane ina samasyAoM ko sulajhAne ke lie, kintu kyA phira bhI mAnava Aja taka ina samasyAoM ko sulajhA pAyA hai ? uttara nakArAtmaka hI hogA / kintu kyA uttara kI nakArAtmakatA ko socate hue cintana chor3A jA sakatA hai, pazuoM ke khAne ke bhaya se khetI nahIM chor3I jAtI, yahI kAraNa hai ki saMsAra ke lagabhaga sabhI darzanoM ne jIva aura jagat kI vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM jaina darzana ne jagat kI utpatti aura usake svarUpa para vistRta vicAra kiyA hai| Aja jisa aNu yA paramANu kA vizva meM saMhAraka rUpa dikhAI de rahA hai tathA jisakI upalabdhi vaijJAnikoM kI apratima upalabdhi kahI jA rahI hai usake sambandha meM sadiyoM pUrva jainAcArya vistRta vivecanA kara cuke the| jaina darzana ke anusAra vizva chaH dravyoM meM baMTA hai| dravya kA lakSaNa karate hue AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai davaM sahalakyaNiyaM uSpAdavvayadhuvattasaMttaM / guNapajjayAsayaM vA jaM taM bhaNNaMti savvaNhU // ' arthAt dravya kA lakSaNa tIna prakAra se hai, prathama - dravya kA lakSaNa sattA hai, dvitIya - dravya kA lakSaNa utpAda vyaya - dhrauvya saMyukta hai, tathA tRtIya- dravya kA lakSaNa guNaparyAyAzrita hai| inhIM lakSaNoM kA vizadIkaraNa karate hue AcArya umAsvAmI kahate haiM- saddravyalakSaNam tathA utpAdavyayIvyayuktaM sat' dravya kA lakSaNa sat hai tathA sat vaha hai jisameM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya tInoM hoN| apanI jAti ko na chor3ate hue, cetana aura acetana dravya ko jo anya paryAya ko prApta hotI hai use utpAda kahate haiN| apanI jAti kA virodha na karate cetana-acetana hue dravya kI pUrva paryAya kA jo nAza hai vaha vyaya kahalAtA hai tathA anAdi svabhAva ke kAraNa dravya meM jo utpAda, vyaya kA abhAva hai, bhavya hai|' vaha dravya kA tIsarA lakSaNa guNaparyayavaddravyam * hai arthAt dravya, guNa aura paryAyoM vAlA hotA hai| yahAM bhI dravya kA vahI lakSaNa hai jo Upara hai, kevala zabdoM kA antara hai| dravya kI vizeSatA ko guNa kahate haiM tathA dravya ke vikAra ko paryAya kahA jAtA hai| isa vikAra yA vikriyA zabda kA artha utpAda aura vyaya hai| kisI vastu kI jaba utpatti hotI hai to usameM pUrva sthiti kA vinAza (vyaya) aura nayI sthiti kA sRjana ( utpAda) hotA hai| yahI vikriyA yA vikAra hai| jIva ke asAdhAraNa guNa jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya Adi haiM aura sAdhAraNa guNa vastutva, prameyatva, satva Adi svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| isI prakAra rUpa rasa gandha, sparza pudgala ke asAdhAraNa guNa haiM tathA dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ke kramazaH gati hetutva, sthiti-hetutva, avagAhananimittatva aura vartanAhetutva asAdhAraNa guNa svIkAra kiye haiN| ina pAMcoM (pudgala, dharma, adharma, (AkAza aura kAla ) ke sAdhAraNa guNa vastutva, satva, premayatva Adi haiN| 1 yahAM prazna uTha sakatA hai ki utpAda aura vyaya paraspara virodhI guNa haiM aura do virodhI guNoM kA eka AdhAra meM rahanA sambhava nahIM hai / phira ye donoM kaise rahate haiM ? kintu aisA prazna nirAdhAra hai| ataH eka hI dravya meM avasthA vizeSa se tInoM guNa raha sakate haiN| yaha bAta eka dRSTAnta dvArA sugama rIti se spaSTa ho sakegI -- koI vyakti, jisake pAsa sone kA hAra hai, apane hAra se kar3A banavAnA cAhatA hai| aisI 1. kundakunda : paMcAstikAya, parama zruThaprabhAvaka maNDala, vi. saM. 1972, gAthA 10 2. umAsvAmI : tatvArtha sUtra, varNI granthamAlA, bI. ni. saM. 2476, 5/26-30 3. amRtacandra sUri tatvArthasAra, varNI granthamAlA, san 1970 I0, 3/6-7-8 4. umAsvAmI : tatvArtha sUtra, 5/38 52 zrI kapUra canda jaina AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ sthiti meM sone kI hAra rUpa paryAya kA to vinAza (vyaya) huA tathA kar3A rUpa paryAya kA sRjana (utpAda) huA, kintu sonA to donoM hI avasthAoM meM jyoM kA tyoM (dhrauvya) hai| pahale bhI sonA thA aba bhI sonA hai| dravya zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue kahA gayA hai- adra vat, dravati, droSyati tAMstAn paryAyAn iti dravyam jo bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM ko prApta huA, ho rahA hai aura hogA vaha dravya hai arthAt avasthAoM kA utpAda aura vinAza hote rahane para bhI jo dhruva rahatA hai vaha dravya hai| isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki saMsAra meM jitane dravya the, utane hI haiM aura utane hI rheNge| unameM se na koI ghaTA hai, na ghaTa rahA hai aura na ghaTegA hii| na koI bar3hA hai, na bar3ha rahA hai aura na bar3hegA hii| sabhI dravya nitya avasthita rahate hue janma aura mRtyu, utpAda aura nAza pAte rahe haiM, pA rahe haiM aura pAte rheNge| dravya-bheda jaina darzana meM dravyoM kI saMkhyA chaH svIkAra kI gaI hai jabaki vaizeSika darzana meM nava dravyoM kI avadhAraNA hai / jaina darzana sammata cha: dravya jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla hai / vaizeSika darzana sammata nava dravya --- pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, AkAza, kAla, dik, AtmA aura mana haiN| inameM AkAza aura kAla dravya donoM meM samAna haiM / AtmA aura jIva eka hI haiM / pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu zarIra rUpa hone se arthAt mUrtika hone ke kAraNa pudgala meM hI antarbhUta ho jAte haiN| dik cUMki AkAza kA hI eka viziSTa rUpa hai ata: use AkAza meM antabhUta mAnA jA sakatA hai| mana-dravyamana aura bhAvamana ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai ataH dravyamana kA pudgala meM tathA bhAvamana kA jIva meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| dharma aura adharma kI kalpanA vaizeSika darzana meM nahIM hai| ye donoM kevala jaina darzana meM hI kalpita haiN| ina dravyoM kA vibhAjana tIna dRSTiyoM se kiyA jA sakatA hai-- 1. cetana-acetana kI dRSTi se / isa dRSTi se jIva cetana dravya tathA bAkI pAMca acetana drvy| 2. mUrtika-amUrtika kI dRSTi se / isa vibhAjana meM pudgala mUrtika hogA, bAkI pAMca amUrtika / ' 3. astikAya-anastikAya kI dRSTi se / isa dRSTi se kAla anastikAya hogA tathA bAkI pAMca astikAya / yaha vibhAjana nimna prakAra hogA dravya cetana jIva pudgala dharma adharma AkAza kAla 1. cetana-acetana dRSTi se acetana acetana acetana acetana acetana 2. mUrtika-amUrtika dRSTi se amUrtika mUrtika amUrtika amUrtika amUrtika amUrtika 3. astikAya-anAstikAya kI astikAya astikAya astikAya astikAya astikAya anastikAya dRSTi se jIva jaina darzana meM jIva dravya, jise AtmA bhI kahA jAtA hai, svatantra aura maulika mAnA gayA hai| jIva kA sAmAnya lakSaNa upayoga hai upayogo lakSaNam kyoMki yaha jIva ko chor3akara anya dravyoM meM nahIM pAyA jaataa| upayoga kA artha hai......cetnaa| cetanA jIva kA lakSaNa hai arthAt jisameM cetanA hai, vaha jIva hai, jisameM cetanA nahIM, vaha jIva nhiiN| upayoga do prakAra hai| prathama jJAnopayoga-ghaTapaTa Adi bAhya padArthoM ko jAnane kI zakti jJAnopayoga hai| jJAnopayoga meM aneka vikalpa hote haiM, jaise yaha ghaTa hai, yaha ghaTa nahIM hai Adi / dUsarA darzanopayoga --vastuoM ke sAmAnya rUpa ko jAnane kI zakti darzanopayoga hai| jJAnopayoga svabhAvajJAna tathA vibhAvajJAna-do prakAra kA hai| svabhAvajJAna arthAt samyagjJAna, isake mati, zruta, avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevala ye pAMca prakAra haiM tathA vibhAvajJAna ke kumati, kuthu ta tathA vibhaMgAvadhi ye tIna meda haiN|' indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hone vAlA jJAna matijJAna hai| matijJAna ke pazcAt jo anya padArtha kA jJAna hotA hai, vaha 1. umAsvAmI : tatvArthasUtra, 5/1-3 tathA 36 2. 'tata dravyANi pRthivyaptejovAyvAkAzakAladigAtmamanAMsi navaiva', tarkasaMgraha, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, 1671, 106 3. tatvArthasAra, 32 4. nemicandra : dravyasaMgraha, varNI graMthamAlA, san 1966 I., gAthA 15 5. kundakunda, paMcAstikAya, gAthA 4 6. vahI, gAthA 41 aura tatvArtha sUtra, 2/6 jaina darzana mImAMsA
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________________ zru tajJAna hai / indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA 'rUpI' padArthoM kA jo jJAna hotA hai vaha avadhijJAna hai / indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA dUsare ke bhAvoM kA jo jJAna hotA hai vaha manaHparyaya jJAna hai| zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra dUsare ko mana kI paryAyoM kA jJAna tathA paramparayA padArthoM kA jJAna mana:paryaya dvArA hotA hai| anta meM trikAlavartI samasta padArthoM kA yugapata-jJAna kevala-jJAna hai| mithyA-matijJAna kumati, mithyAzru ta-jJAna kuzruta, aura mithyA-avadhijJAna vibhaMgAvadhi hai, darzanopayoga bhI svabhAva aura vibhAva ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| kevaladarzana-svabhAva darzanopayoga hai| kevala-jJAna ke sAtha jo darzana hotA hai vaha kevala-darzana hai| vibhAva-darzanopayoga tIna prakAra kA haicakSurindriya se jo darzana hotA hai vaha cakSudarzana hai / cakSu ke atirikta anya indriya se hone vAlA darzana acakSudarzana hai tathA avadhijJAna se pUrva hone vAlA darzana avadhidarzana hai| upayoga ke ina bhedoM ko rekhAcitra dvArA nimna prakAra se dikhAyA jA sakatA hai upayoga jJAna svabhAva (samyak) vibhAva mati zruta avadhi mana:paryaya kevala kumati kuzruta vibhaMgAvadhi darzana svabhAva vibhAva kevaladarzanarUpa cakSudarzana acakSudarzana avadhidarzana prakArAntara se jIva kA spaSTa aura sugama lakSaNa nemicandra kRta dravyasaMgraha meM prApta hotA hai jIvo uvaogamao amutti kattA sdehprinnaamo| bhottA saMsArattho siddho so visssoddddhgii||' gAthA 2 arthAt jIva upayoga svarUpa hai, amUrtika hai, kartA hai, svadehapariNAma hai, bhoktA hai, saMsArI hai, siddha hai aura svabhAva se Urdhvagamana karane vAlA hai| jIva ke upayoga ke sambandha meM Upara vistRta carcA kI jA cukI hai| mUrtika kA artha hai jisameM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza ye cAroM pAye jaayeN| caMki jIva meM ye nahIM pAye jAte haiM, ataH jIva amUrtika hai| jJAnAvaraNAdika karmoM ko karane vAlA hone se kartA hai| pradezoM meM saMkoca aura vistaraNazIla hone se svadehapariNAma hai / arthAt jIva apanI deha ke anusAra choTe-bar3e svarUpa (pariNAma) vAlA hai / sAMsArika pudgala karma sukha-duHkha Adi kA bhogane vAlA hone se bhoktA hai| aneka saMsArI bhedoM vAlA hone se yA saMsAra meM bhramaNa karane ke kAraNa saMsArI hai| jJAnAbaraNI, darzanAvaraNI, mohanIya, vedanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra, antarAya-- una ATha karmoM se rahita hokara Urdhvagamana karane vAlA hone se UrdhvagAmI kartA aura siddha hai / arthAt jIva kA antima sopAna mokSa hai| Upara ke vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jaina-darzana meM jIva jahAM kartA hai vahAM bhoktA bhI hai| jaise acche-bure karma usane kiye haiM usakA vaha vaisA phala avazya prApta kregaa| vaha apane saMskAroM kI saraNi meM baMdhA huA hai| apane puruSArtha se vaha saMsAra meM baMdhA bhI raha sakatA hai aura mukta bhI ho sakatA hai / jIva saMsArI bhI hai aura mukta-siddha bhI hai| arthAt jo saMsArI hai vaha mukta bhI ho sakatA hai| jo sAmAnya AtmA hai 1. kundakunda : niyamasAra, digambara jaina pustakAlaya, sUrata, vI. ni. saM. 2492, gAthA 14 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ vaha paramAtmA bhI bana sakatI hai| isa prakAra AtmA se paramAtmA banane kA adbhuta kauzala jaina-darzana meM darzAyA gayA hai| jIvoM ke bheda jIva do prakAra ke haiM-saMsArI aura mukta' jinake karma naSTa ho gaye haiM, jo siddhazilA para virAjamagna haiM, ve mukta jIva haiM / ve apane zuddha-buddha caitanya rUpa meM sthita haiM / siddha-svarUpa kA varNana karate hue kundakunda kahate haiM NaThThaThThakammabaMdhA aTThAmahAguNasamaNNiyA prmaa| loyaggaThidA NiccA, siddhA je erisA hoMti // jinhoMne jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karmoM ko naSTa kara diyA hai, jo samyaktva, jJAna, darzana, vIrya, avagAhanatva, agurulaghutva tathA avyAbAdha-ina ATha guNoM se yukta haiM, parama arthAt bar3e haiM, jo loka ke agrabhAga meM sthita haiM tathA jo nitya-avinAzI haiM, ve siddha haiN| karmoM ke kAraNa jo saMsAra kI nAnA yoniyoM meM bhaTaka rahe haiM ve saMsArI jIva haiN| saMsArI jIva trasa aura sthAvara ke bheda se do prakAra ke hote haiN| do indriyoM vAle-sparza tathA rasanA se yukta, tIna indriyoM vAle-sparza, rasanA, ghrANa se yukta, cAra indriyoM vAle-sparza, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu se yukta tathA pAMca indriyoM vAle-sparza, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu aura karNa se yukta / ye 4 prakAra ke trasa jIva haiM / udAharaNArtha kramaza: kRmi, pipIlikA, (cIMTI) bhramara, manuSya ko le sakate haiM paMcendriya jIva saMjJI tathA asaMjJI ke bheda se do prakAra ke haiM / jo mana sahita haiM ve saMjJI tathA jo mana rahita haiM ve asaMjJI haiM / deva, nArakI, manuSya Adi saMjJI tathA kucha pazu asaMjJI haiN| jinakI kevala eka sparzanendriya hotI hai ve sthAvara haiM / ye bhI pRthvIkAyika, jalakAyika, agnikAyika, vAyukAyika tathA vanaspatikAyika ke bheda se pAMca prakAra ke haiN| jIvoM ke uparyukta bheda eka rekhAcitra dvArA nimna prakAra dikhAye jA sakate haiM: jIva saMsArI mukta dvIndriya (kRmi) trIndriya (cIMTI) caturindriya (bhramara) paMcendriya (manuSya, deva pazu) saMjJI (deva, manuSya, nArakI Adi) __ kucha tiryajca bhI asaMjJI (pazu-pakSI) pRthvIkAyika jalakAyika agnikAyika vAyukAyika vanaspatikAyika jIvoM ke kArya ke sambandha meM bhI jaina-darzana vivecanA karatA hai| AcArya umAsvAmI kahate haiM--parasparograho jIvAnAm paraspara meM sahAyaka honA jIvoM kA upakAra hai| saMsAra kI vyavasthA eka dUsare kI sahAyatA ke binA nahIM cala sktii| paraspara meM upakAra karanA jIvoM kA kArya 1. saMsAriNo muktAzca', tatvArtha sUtra, 2/10 2. kundakunda : niyamasAra, sUrata, vI. ni. saM. 2462, gAthA 72 3. 'samyagdarzana jJAna, agurUlaghu avagAhanA / sUkSma vIrajavAna, nirAvAghaguNa siddhake // ', cauthA bhAga 4. 'kRmipipIlikAbhramaramanuSyAdInAmekakavRddhAni', tatvArthasUtra, 2/22 5. 'saMjinaH samanaskAH ,' vahI, 2/24 6. tatvArthasUtra, 5/22 jaina darzana mImAMsA 55
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________________ hai| pati sukha-suvidhA kI vyavasthA kara aura apane jIvana kI saccI saMginI banAkara patnI kA upakAra karatA hai aura patnI anukUla pravartana dvArA pati kA upakAra karatI hai|' jIva saMkhyA meM ananta, asaMkhyAta pradezoM vAle tathA samasta lokAkAza meM vyApta haiN| jIva apane vAstavika rUpa meM svayambhU, sarvajJa, jJAyaka, sarvagata hai, kintu karmoM ke saMyoga se bhava-bhramaNa karatA hai| jyoM hI karmoM kA saMyoga chUTa jAtA hai, tyoM hI jIva kA bhava-bhramaNa samApta ho jAtA hai, aura vaha apane vAstavika rUpa meM Akara ananta-darzana, ananta-jJAna, ananta-sukha aura ananta-vIrya kA adhikArI hokara siddhAvasthA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| pudgala __ jaina-darzana meM pudgala dravya mUrtika svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| pudgala kI vyutpatti batAte hue batAyA gayA--pUrayanti galantIti pudgalAH' arthAt jo dravya (skandha avasthA meM) anya paramANuoM se milatA (/pR0+Nic ) hai aura galana (/gal) =pRthak-pRthak hotA hai, use pudgala kahate haiM / AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM vaNNarasagaMdhaphAsA vijjate poggalassa suhmaado| puDhavIpariyaMtassa ya saddo so poggalo citto|| arthAt pudgala dravya meM 5 rUpa, 5 rasa, 2 gandha, aura 8 sparza ye cAra prakAra ke guNa hote haiM tathA zabda bhI pudgala kA paryAya hai| 5 rUpa haiM nIlA, pIlA, sapheda, kAlA, lAla / 5 rasa haiM--tIkhA, kaTuka, Amla, madhura aura kasailA / do gandha haiM-sugandha tathA durgandha aura 8 sparza haiM.-.-komala, kaThora, guru, laghu, zIta, uSNa, snigdha tathA rUkSa / inameM se pratyeka ke saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta bheda kahe gaye haiN| eka rekhAcitra dvArA inheM isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai pudgala ke guNa varNa zAkA rasa gandha nIlA pIta zubhra kAlA lAla madhura Amla kaTu kaSAya tikta sugandha durgandha komala kaThora guru laghu zIta USNa snigdha rukSa saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, ananta bIsoM upabhedoM ke ye tIna-tIna bheda hote haiN| pudagala ke bheda-pudgala do prakAra kA hai--eka aNurUpa, dUsarA skndhruup| Age skandha ke tIna rUpa hokara pudgala ke cAra bheda bhI svIkAra kiye gaye haiM--(1) skandha (2) skandha deza (3) skandha pradeza (4) paramANu / anantAnanta paramANuoM kA piNDa skandha kahalAtA hai, usa skandha kA ardhabhAga skandha deza aura usakA bhI ardhabhAga arthAt skandha kA cauthAI bhAga skandha pradeza kahA jAtA hai tathA jisakA dUsarA bhAga nahIM hotA use paramANu kahate haiM / skandha do prakAra ke haiM--bAdara tathA sUkSma / bAdara sthUla kA paryAyavAcI hai| sthUla arthAt jo netrendriya-grAhya ho aura sUkSma arthAta jo indriya-grAhya na ho| ina donoM ko milAkara skandha ke cha: varga svIkAra kiye gaye haiM 1. vahI, paM0 phUlacanda siddhAntazAstrI kRta vyAkhyA, pATha 224 2. mAdhvAcArya : sarvadarzanasaMgraha, caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, 1964, pR0 153 3. kundakunda : pravacanasAra, zrImad rAjacandra-Azrama, agAsa, vi. saM. 2021, gAthA 2/40, 'sparzarasagandhavarNavantaH pudgalAH' tatvArtha sUtra, 5/23 4. 'aNavaH skandhAzca', tatvArtha sUtra, 5/25 5. paJcAstikAya, gAthA 75 56 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha .
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________________ (1) bAdara-bAdara (sthUla-sthUla)-jo skandha chinna-bhinna hone para svayaM na mila sakeM, aise Thosa padArtha, yathA-lakar3I, patthara aadi| (2) bAdara (sthUla)-jo chinna-bhinna hokara phira Apasa meM mila jAyeM aise drava padArtha, yathA-dhI, dUdha, jala, tela Adi / (3) bAdara-sUkSma (sthUla-sUkSma)--jo dikhane meM to sthUla hoM arthAt kevala netrendriya se grAhya hoM kintu pakar3a meM na AveM, jaisechAyA, prakAza, andhakAra Adi / (4) sUkSma-bAdara (sUkSma-sthUla)-jo dikhAI na deM arthAt netrendriya-grAhya na hoM, kintu anya indriyoM sparza, rasanA, dhrANAdi se grAhya hoM, jaise-tApa, dhvani, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi / (5) sUkSma-skandha hone para bhI jo sUkSma hone ke kAraNa indriyoM dvArA grahaNa na kiye jA sakeM, jaise-karma, vargaNA Adi / (6) atisUkSma-karma vargaNA se bhI choTe vyaNuka (do aNuoM=do paramANuoM vAle) Adi / paramANu sUkSmAtisUkSma hai, avibhAgI hai, zAzvata zabdarahita tathA eka hai| paramANu kA Adi, madhya aura anta vaha svayaM hI hai| AcArya kundakunda likhate haiM -- aMtAdi aMtamajalaM, ataMtaM va indie gejhN| avibhAgo jaM davvaM paramANu taM viANAhi // ' arthAt jisakA svayaM svarUpa hI Adi, madhya aura anta rUpa hai, jo indriyoM ke dvArA grahaNa yogya nahIM hai, aisA avibhAgI --jisakA dUsarA bhAga na ho sake dravya paramANu hai| yahAM yaha draSTavya hai ki paramANu kA yahI rUpa Adhunika vijJAna bhI mAnatA hai / isa sambandha meM zrI uttamacanda jaina kA nimna kathana draSTavya hai-'paramANu kisI bhI indriya yA aNuvIkSaNa yantrAdi se bhI grAhya (dRSTigocara) nahIM hotA hai| ise jainadarzana meM kevala pUrNajJAnI (sarvajJa) ke jJAnagocaramAtra mAnA gayA hai| isa tathya kI puSTi evaM nizcita ghoSaNA karate hue 'prophesara jAna, pille vizvavidyAlaya, brisTala' likhate haiM-" We can not see atoms either and never shall be able to Even if they were a million times bigger it would still be impossible to see them even with the most powerful microscope that has been made (An Outline for Boys, Girls and their Parents (collaurery) Section Chemistry, p. 261) isase spaSTa hai ki 'aNu' ke viSaya meM do hajAra varSa pUrva kundakundAcArya dvArA likhe gae niyamasAra meM jaiva indie gejmaM arthAt indriya grAhya (paramANu) hai hI nahIM yaha lakSaNa kitanA vaijJAnika evaM kharA hai| rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza usameM pAye jAte haiM ataH mUrta hai / aisI avasthA meM kahane kA bhAva yaha hai ki paramANu meM do sparza, zIta aura USNa meM se eka tathA snigdha aura rukSa meM se eka hote haiN| 5 vargoM meM se eka koI, rasoM meM se eka tathA gandha meM se eka (kyoMki ye tInoM sadaiva parivartita hote rahate haiM) guNa hotA hai| yaha eka pradezI hai|' pudgaloM kI paramANu avasthA svAbhAvika paryAya hai tathA skandhAdi avasthA vibhAva paryAya hai| paramANu nitya hai, vaha sAvakAza bhI hai aura niravakAza bhii| sAvakAza isa artha meM hai ki vaha sparzAdi cAra guNoM ko avakAza dene meM samartha hai tathA niravakAza isa artha meM hai ki usake eka pradeza meM dUsare pradeza kA samAveza nahIM hotaa| paramANu-pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu Adi kA kAraNa hai (arthAt pRthvI Adi ke paramANu mUlataH bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiM) vaha pariNamanazIla hai, vaha kisI kA kArya nahIM ata: vaha anAdi hai| yadyapi upacAra se use kArya kahA jAtA hai| paramANu kI utpatti paramANa zAzvata hai ataH usakI utpatti upacAra se hai| paramANu kArya bhI hai aura kAraNa bhii| jaba use kArya kahA jAtA hai taba 1. kundakunda : niyamasAra, gAthA 26 2. zrI uttamacanda jaina : 'jaina darzana aura saMskRti' nAmaka pustaka meM saMkalita nibandha jaina darzana kA tAtvika pakSa paramANuvAda', indaura vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, akTUbara 1976 3. 'nANo:' (aNu ke pradeza nahIM hote), tatvArtha sUtra, 5/11; paMcAstikAya, gAthA 81 pradeza-'jAvadiyaM AyAsaM avibhAgI puggalANu uTTaddhaM / taM kha padesaM jANe sambANuTaThANadANarihaM / ', dravya saMgraha, 27 arthAt AkAza ke jitane sthAna ko avibhAgI paramANu rokatA hai, vaha eka pradeza hai| 4. kundakunda ; paMcAstikAya, gAthA 80 jaina darzana mImAMsA
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________________ upacAra se hI kahA jAtA hai; kyoMki paramANu sat-svarUpa hai, dhrauvya hai, ataH usakI utpatti kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| paramANu pudgala ko svAbhAvika dazA hai / do yA adhika paramANu milane se skandha banate haiM, ata: paramANu skandhoM kA kAraNa hai| upacAra se kArya bhI isa prakAra hai| ki loka meM skandhoM ke bheda se paramANu kI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai| isI kAraNa AcArya umAsvAmI ne kahA hai- medAdaNuH' arthAt aNu bheda se utpanna hotA hai, kintu yaha bheda kI prakriyA taba taka calanI cAhie jaba taka skandha dvayaNuka na ho jaae| skandhoM kI utpatti skandhoM kI utpatti ke sambandha meM umAsvAmI ne tIna kAraNa die haiM- 1. bheda se, 2. saMghAta se aura 3. bheda-saMghAta (donoM) se / 1. bheda se jaba kisI bar3e skandha ke TUTane se choTe-choTe do yA adhika skandha utpanna hote haiM; to ve bhedajanya skandha kahalAte haiM / jaise, eka IMTa ko tor3ane se usameM se do yA adhika Tukar3e hote haiN| aisI sthiti meM ve Tukar3e skandha haiM tathA bar3e skandha TUTane se hue haiM, ata: bhedajanya haiN| aise skandha dvayaNuka se anantANuka taka ho sakate haiM / 2. saMghAta se - saMghAta kA artha hai jur3anA / jaba do paramANuoM athavA skandhoM ke jur3ane se skandha kI utpatti hotI hai to vaha saMghAtajanya utpatti kahI jAtI hai| yaha tIna prakAra se sambhava hai - ( a ) paramANu + paramANu (A) paramANu + skandha (i) skandha + skandha / ye bhI dvayaNuka se anantANuka taka ho sakate haiN| 3. bheda saMghAta (donoM) se jaba kisI skandha ke TUTane ke sAtha hI usI samaya koI skandha yA paramANu usa TUTe hue skandha se mila jAtA hai to vaha skandha 'bheda tathA saMghAtajanya- skaMdha' kahalAtA hai, jaise TAyara ke chidra se nikalatI huI vAyu usI kSaNa bAhara kI vAyu se mila jAtI hai| yahAM eka hI kAla meM bheda tathA saMghAta donoM haiN| bAhara se nikalane vAlI vAyu kA TAyara ke bhItara kI vAyu se bheda hai tathA bAhara kI vAyu se saMghAta / ye bhI dvayaNuka se anantANuka taka ho sakate haiM / pudgala kI paryAyeM zabdabandhasaumya sthaulya saMsthAnane datamAchAyAtapodyotayantazca' arthAt ve pudgala zabda banya sUkSmatva, sthUlya saMsthAna, bheda, aMdhakAra, chAyA, Atapa aura udyota vAle hote haiM / , zabda - zabda ko anyAnya darzanoM, yathA vaizeSika Adi ne AkAza kA guNa mAnA hai kintu jainadarzana meM ise pudgala kI hI paryAya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| Aja ke vijJAna ne bhI zabda ko pakar3akara dhyani-yantroM, reDiyo, grAmophona Adi se eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para bhejakara jainamAnyatA kA hI samarthana kiyA hai| pudgala ke aNu tathA skandha bhedoM kI jo 23 avAMtara jAtiyAM svIkAra kI gayI haiM unameM eka jAti bhASA vargaNA bhI hai| ye bhASA vargaNAeM loka meM sarvatra vyApta haiN| jisa vastu se dhvani nikalatI hai, usa vastu meM kampana hone ke kAraNa ina pudgala vargaNAoM meM bhI kampanna hotA hai, jisase taraMgeM nikalatI haiN| ye taraMgeM hI uttarottara pudgala kI bhASA vargaNAoM meM kampana paidA karatI haiM, jisase zabda eka sthAna se udbhUta hokara dUsare sthAna para pahuMca jAtA hai / " vijJAna bhI zabda kA vahana isI prakAra kI prakriyA dvArA mAnatA hai| zabda bhASAtmaka aura abhASAtmaka ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai / bhASAtmaka zabda punaH akSarAtmaka aura anakSarAtmaka ke bheda se do prakAra kA ho jAtA hai / saMskRta, aMgrejI, hindI Adi bhASAoM ke jo zabda haiM, ve akSarAtmaka zabda haiM tathA gAya Adi pazuoM ke zabda saMketa anakSarAtmaka zabda haiN| abhASAtmaka zabda bhI prAyogika aura vaisrasika ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| megha Adi kI garjanA vaisrasika zabda hai / prAyogika cAra prakAra kA hai| (ka) tata-mRdaMga, Dhola Adi kA zabda, (kha) vitata-- vINA, sAraMgI Adi vAdyoM kA zabda, ( ga ) ghana-jhAlara, ghaNTA Adi kA zabda, (gha) sauSira yA suSira - zaMkha, bAMsurI Adi kA zabda / ye bheda eka rekhAcitra dvArA nimna prakAra se dekhe jA sakate haiM / 1. tatvArtha sUtra 5/27 2. 'bhedasaMghAtebhyaH utpadyante, tatvArthasUna, 5 / 62 3. tatvArthasUtra, 5 / 24 4. 'zabdaguNakamAkAzam', tarkasaMgraha, pR0 43 5. tatvArtha sUtra (paM0 phUlacanda siddhAntazAstrI kRta vyAkhyA), pR0 230 58/ AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ akSarAtmaka (saMskRta, hindI Adi bhASA ke zabda ) bandha bhASAtmaka anakSarAtmaka ( pazuoM ke saMketa ) zabda honA caahie| jaise koI paramANu do snigdha zaktyaMza vAlA hai to dUsarA rUkSa) vAlA honA caahie| isI prakAra 3 zaktyaMza vAle ke lie 5 prAyogika tata ( mRdaMga Adi kA zabda) vitata ( bINA Adi kA zabda) paraspara meM zleSa bandha kahalAtA hai bandha kA hI paryAyavAcI zabda hai saMyoga, kintu saMyoga meM kevala antara rahita avasthAna hotA hai raft bandha meM ekatva honA, ekAkAra ho jAnA Avazyaka hai| prAyogika aura vaisra sika ke bheda se bandha do prakAra kA hai| prAyogika bhI Satta prAyogika tathA jIvAjIva prAyogika ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai / lAkha aura lakar3I Adi kA bandha ajIva prAyogika bandha hai tathA karma aura nokarma kA bandha jIvAjIva prAyogika bandha hai|' vaisramika bhI sAdi aura anAdi ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai / dharmAstikAya Adi dravyoM kA bandha to anAdi hai aura pudgaloM kA bandha sAdi hai / jo dvayaNuka Adi skandha banate haiM vaha sAdi bandha haiM / paramANuoM meM paraspara meM bandha kyoM aura kaise hotA hai isa samasyA para digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM dArzanikoM ne praryApta prakAza DAlA hai / yaha bAta donoM ko hI mAnya hai ki snigdhatva aura rUkSatva se kAraNa bandha hotA hai-snigdharUkSatvAd bandha' yaha Upara kahA jA cukA hai ki paramANu meM do sparza-zIta aura USNa meM se eka, tathA snigdha aura rUkSa meM se eka pAye jAte haiN| inameM se snigdha aura rUkSa ke kAraNa inameM bandha hotA hai aura skandhoM kI utpatti hotI hai| snigdhatva kA artha hai cikanApana aura rUkSatva kA artha hai rUkhApana / vaijJAnika paribhASA meM ye pAjiTiva aura nigeTiva hai| isa prakAra yaha bandha tIna rUpoM meM hotA hai ( 1 ) snigdha + snigdha paramANuoM kA ( 2 ) rUkSa + rUkSa paramANuoM kA tathA ( 3 ) snigdha + rUkSa paramANuoM kA * abhASAtmaka digambara paramparA meM dvayayadhikAdiguNAnAMtu' sUtra ke anusAra do guNa adhika vAle paramANuoM kA bandha hotA hai| guNa kA artha haiM zaktyaMza ( zakti kA aMza ) bandha hone ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki jina do paramANuoM meM bandha ho rahA hai unameM do zaktyaMzoM kA antara ghana ( jhAlara Adi kA zabda ) vaisrasika ( megha garjana ) sIvira ( zaMkha Adi kA zabda ) paramANu jisake sAtha bandha honA hai--use 4 zaktyaMza (snigdha yA zaktyaMza tathA = zaktyaMza vAle ke lie 10 zaktyaMza vAlA honA 1. tatvArthasAra 3/67 2. tatvArtha sUtra 5 / 33 3. pro0 jI0 Ara0 jaina ke anusAra snigdhatva aura rUkSatva vaijJAnika paribhASA meM nigeTiva aura pAjiTiva haiM, ve likhate haiM- 'tatvArtha sUtra ke paMcama adhyAya ke sUtra naM0 33 meM kahA gayA hai-- 'snigdharUkSatvAdbandha:' arthAt snigdhatva aura rUkSatva guNoM ke kAraNa eTama eka sUtra meM baMdhA rahatA hai / pUjyapAda svAmI ne sarvArthasiddhi TIkA meM eka sthAna para likhA hai-'snigdharUkSaguNanimitto vidyatu' arthAt bAdaloM meM snigdha aura rUkSa guNoM ke kAraNa vidyut kI utpatti hotI hai| isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki snigdha kA artha cikanA aura rUkSa kA artha khuradurA nahIM ye donoM zabda vAstava meM vizeSa Teknikala arthoM meM prayoga kiye gaye / jisa taraha eka anapar3ha moTara DrAivara baiTarI ke eka tAra ko ThaNDA aura dUsare tAra ko garama kahatA hai (yadyapi unameM se koI tAra na ThaNDA hotA hai na garama) aura jinheM vijJAna kI bhASA meM pAjiTiva va nigeTiva kahate haiM, ThIka usI taraha jaina dharma meM snigdha aura rUkSa zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| DA0 bI0 ena0 sIla ne apanI kaimbrija se prakAzita pustaka 'pAjiTiva sAinsija Apha enaziyanTa hindUja' meM spaSTa likhA hai- 'jainAcAryoM ko yaha bAta mAlUma thI ki bhinna-bhinna vastuoM ko Apasa meM ragar3ane se pAjiTiva aura nigeTiva bijalI utpanna kI jA sakatI hai| ina saba bAtoM ke samakSa isameM koI sandeha nahIM raha jAtA ki snigdha kA artha pAjiTiva aura rUkSa kA artha nigeTiva vidyut hai / ', draSTavya 'tIrthaMkara mahAvIra smRti grantha', jIvAjI vizvavidyAlaya, gvAliyara prakAzana, pR0 275-764. tatvArtha sUtra, 5/36 jaina darzana mImAMsA 56
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________________ Avazyaka hai / bhAva yaha hai ki bandha meM sarvatra 2 zaktyaMzoM (guNoM) kA antara honA cAhie, na isase kama aura na isase adhika / zvetAmbara paramparA ise nahIM mAnatI / usake anusAra sadRza paramANuoM meM tIna-cAra Adi aMza adhika hone para bhI bandha ho jAtA hai| uparyukta kathana se yaha spaSTa hai ki samAna zaktyaMza hone para sadRza paramANuoM kA bandha nahIM hogA / umAsvAmI kA guNasAmye sadRzAnAm' sUtra bhI yahI kahatA hai| bandha na hone kI dUsarI sthiti hai na jaghanyaguNAnAm' arthAt japanyaguNa vAle paramANuoM kA bandha nahIM hotA hai| guNa kA artha hai zaktyaMza / zakti ke aMzoM meM sadaiva hAni vRddhi kA krama calatA rahatA hai / aisA hote hote jaba zakti kA eka hI aMza bAkI raha jAtA hai to aise paramANu ko jaghanyaguNa vAlA paramANu kahate haiM / digambara paramparA ke anusAra jaghanyaguNa vAle paramANu arthAt eka zaktyaMza vAle paramANu kA ajaghanya guNa vAle paramANu arthAt tInAdi zaktyaMza vAle paramANu kA bandha nahIM hotA sAmAnyataH dvayadhikAdiguNAnAM tu sUtra anusAra 1 + 3 zaktyaMza vAle paramANuoM kA do guNoM kA antara hone se bandha honA cAhie thA, parantu na jaghanyaguNAnAm sUtra ke anusAra 1 + 3 guNoM vAle paramANuoM meM bandha nahIM hogA / asadRza + asadRza meM bhI yahI niyama lAgU hogA / ke zvetAmbara paramparA aisA nahIM mAnatI usake anusAra jaghanya aMza vAle paramANu kA ajaghanya aMza vAle paramANu ke sAtha bandha hotA hai| uparyukta bandha prakriyA ko eka sAriNI' dvArA nimna prakAra darzAyA jA sakatA hai aMza 1. jaghanya jaghanya 2. jaghanya ekAdhika 3. jaghanya dvayadhika 4. jaghanya tryAdi adhika 5. jaghanyetara sama jaghanyetara 6. jaghanyetara ekAdhika jaghanyetara 7. jaghanyetara dvayadhika jaghanyetara 8. jaghanyetara tryAdi adhika jaghanyetara zvetAmbara sadRza nahIM nahIM the other to hai nahIM paramparAnusAra visadRza nahIM nahIM hai nahIM hai nahIM nahIM nahIM vAlA ho jAtA hai-bandhe adhikA vandha ho jAne ke pazcAt adhika aMdha vAle paramANu hIna aMza vAle paramANuoM ko apane meM pariNAma letA hai| tIna aMza vAle paramANu ko pAMca aMza vAlA paramANu apane meM milA letA hai arthAt tIna aMza vAlA paramANu pAMca aMza pariNAmikau ca / * hai hai digambara sadRza nahIM nahIM nahIM nahIM 1. tatvArthasUtra, 5 / 35 2. vahI, 5 / 34 3. muni nathamala jaina darzana manana aura mImAMsA, Adarza sAhitya saMgha prakAzana, curU, 1977 kI sAriNI se sAbhAra : 4. tatvArthasUtra, 5 / 37 5. satvArthasAra 3 / 65 6. vahI, 3 / 66 60 paramparAnusAra visadRza nahIM nahIM nahIM nahIM sUkSmatva - sUkSma bhI antya aura ApekSika ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai / antya sUkSmatva paramANuoM meM tathA ApekSika sUkSmatva bela, AMvalA Adi meM hotA hai / - sthaulya - yaha bhI antya aura ApekSika ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai / antya sthaulya loka rUpa mahA-skandha meM hotA hai tathA ApekSika sthaulya bera, AMvalA Adi meM hotA hai / saMsthAna saMsthAna kA artha hai AkRti / yaha itthaMlakSaNa aura anitthaMlakSaNa bheda rUpa do prakAra kI hai| kalaza Adi kA AkAra gola, catuSkoNa, trikoNa Adi rUpoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai, vaha ityaMlakSaNa hai tathA jo AkRti zabdoM se nahIM nahI jA sakatI vaha anitya nahIM nahIM hai nahIM AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana pratya
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________________ DalAtA hai / yaha ko cunI cUNi tathA meSa lakSaNa hai, jaise--megha Adi kI AkRti / ' bheda--eka pudgala piNDa kA bhaMga honA bheda kahalAtA hai / yaha utkara, cUNikA, cUrNa, khaNDa, aNucaTana aura pratara rUpa chaha prakAra kA hai| lakar3I yA patthara Adi kA ArI se bheda utkara hai| ur3ada, mUMga Adi kI cunI cUrNikA hai| gehUM Adi kA ATA cUrNa hai / ghaTa Adi ke Tukar3e khaNDa haiM / garma lohe para ghana-prahAra se jo sphuliMga (kaNa) nikalate haiM, ve aNucaTana haiM tathA megha, miTTI, abhraka Adi kA bikharanA pratara hai| andhakAra-andhakAra bhI paudgalika svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| netroM ko rokane vAlA tathA prakAza kA virodhI tama-andhakAra hai| chAyA-zarIra Adi ke nimitta jo prakAza Adi kA rukanA hai, vaha chAyA hai| yaha bhI paudgalika hai| chAyA do prakAra kI haieka chAyA vaha jisameM varNa Adi avikAra rUpa meM pariNamate haiM, yathA-padArtha jisa rUpa aura AkAra vAlA hotA hai darpaNa meM usI rUpa aura AkAra vAlA dikhAI detA hai / Adhunika calacitra isI ke antargata aaegaa| dUsarI chAyA vaha hai, jisameM pratibimba mAtra par3atA hai, jaise dhUpa yA cAMdanI meM manuya kI AkRti hai|' Atapa aura udyota-sUrya Adi kA USNa prakAza Atapa kahalAtA hai tathA candramA-juganUM Adi kA ThaNDA prakAza udyota kahalAtA hai| jaina-darzana meM ve bhI paudgalika svIkAra kiye gae haiM / 4 isa prakAra jaina-darzana meM pudgala tathA paramANu ke sambandha meM vistRta vivecanA upalabdha hotI hai| Aja ke rAkeTa Adi kI gati vastutaH paramANu kI gati se kama hai / ataH paramANu ko utkRSTa gati eka samaya meM 14 rAjU batAI gayI hai| (manda gati se eka pudgala paramANu ko lokAkAza ke eka pradeza para se dUsare pradeza para jAne meM jitanA kAla lagatA hai use eka samaya kahate haiN|) 'eka samaya' bhI kAla kI sabase choTI ikAI hai| vartamAna eka sekaNDa meM jaina pAribhASika asaMkhyAta samaya hote haiN| rAja sabase bar3A pratIkAtmaka mApa hai-eka rAja meM asaMkhyAta kilomITara samA jaayeNge| isI kAraNa vizvavikhyAta dArzanika vidvAn DA. rAdhAkRSNan ne likhA hai-'aNuoM ke zreNI-vibhAjana se nirmita vargoM kI nAnAvidha AkRtiyAM hotI haiN| kahA gayA hai ki aNu ke andara aisI gati kA vikAsa bhI sambhava hai jo atyanta vegavAn ho, yahAM taka ki eka kSaNa ke andara samasta vizva ko eka chora se dUsare chora taka parikramA para aae| dharma yahAM dharma-adharma ke puNya pApa gRhIta nahIM haiN| apitu ye donoM jaina darzana ke pAribhASika zabda haiM / dharma kA artha hai 'gati meM sahAyaka dravya' / dArzanika jagat meM jaina darzana ke sivAya kisI ne bhI dharma aura adharma kI sthiti nahIM mAnI hai| vaijJAnikoM meM sabase pahale nyUTana ne gati tatva (Medium of motion) ko svIkAra kiyA hai| prasiddha gaNitajJa alabarTa AInsTIna ne bhI gati tatva kI sthApanA karate hue kahA hai-'loka parimita hai, loka ke pare aloka aparimita hai, loka ke parimita hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki dravya athavA zakti loka ke bAhara nahIM jA sktii| loka ke bAhara usa zakti kA dravya kA abhAva hai jo gati meM sahAyaka hotA hai| vaijJAnikoM dvArA sammata Ithara (Ether) gati tatva kA hI dUsarA nAma hai| aura yahI jaina darzana kA dharmadravya hai| dharmadravya amUrtika svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza se rahita hai| saMsAra ke nirmANa ke lie padArthoM kI gati aura sthiratA ke kinhIM niyamoM meM baddha honA Avazyaka hai| dharma gati kA aura adharma sthiratA kA sUcaka hai| yadi dharma na ho to padArtha cala hI nahIM sakeMge aura yadi adharma na ho to padArtha sadA-sadA calate hI rheNge| dharmadravya kriyA rUpa pariNamana karane vAle kriyAvAn jIva aura pudgaloM ko gati meM sahAyaka hote haiN| yahAM yaha dhyAtavya hai ki dharmadravya svayaM niSkriya hai, vaha svayaM na to calatA hai aura na dUsaroM ko calane ke lie prerita karatA hai, apitu vaha unakI gati meM sahAyaka avazya hai / jisa prakAra jala na to svayaM calatA hai aura na hI machalI Adi ko calane ke lie prerita karatA hai, kintu machalI ke calane meM sahAyaka hotA hai| vaise hI dharmadravya bhI jIva aura pudgaloM ke calane ke sahAyaka hotA hai| jaise pAnI ke binA machalI kA calanA sambhava nahIM vaise hI dharma ke binA jIva aura pudgaloM kI gati asambhava hai / AcArya amRtacaMdra ne bar3e hI sundara zabdoM meM likhA hai : 1. tatvArthasAra, 3/64 2. vahI, 3/72 3. vahI, 3/69-70 4. vahI, 1/71 5. zrI uttamacanda jaina : jaina darzana kA tAtvika pakSa paramANuvAda (jaina darzana aura saMskRti, pa0 36-37) nibandha se 6. DA0 rAdhAkRSNan : bhAratIya darzana, prathama bhAga, rAjapAla eNDa sansa, dillI, 1973, pR0 262 7. draSTavya, jaina darzana : manana aura mImAMsA, pR0 188 jaina darzana mImAMsA
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________________ kriyApariNatAnAM yaH svayameva kriyAvatAm / AdadhAti sahAyatvaM sa dharmaH parigIyate / jIvAnAM pudgalAnAM ca kartavye gatyupagrahe / jalavanmatsyagamane dharmaH saadhaarnnaashryH||' arthAt svayaM kriyA rUpa pariNamana karane vAle kriyAvAn jIva aura pudgaloM ko jo sahAyatA detA hai, vaha dharmadravya kahalAtA hai| jisa prakAra machalI ke calane meM jala sAdhAraNa nimitta hai, usI prakAra jIva aura pudgaloM ke calane meM dharmadravya sAdhAraNa nimitta hai| __ dharmadravya asaMkhyAta-pradezI evaM eka hai, akhaNDa hai| kisI kA kArya nhiiN|' udAsIna arthAt niSkriya hai| isakA astitva loka ke bhItara to sAdhAraNa hai, para loka kI sImAoM para niyantraNa ke rUpa meM hai / sImAoM para hI patA calatA hai ki dharmadravya bhI koI astitvazAlI dravya hai, jisake kAraNa jIva tathA pudgala apanI yAtrA usI sImA taka karane ko vivaza hai, usake Age nahIM jA sakate / Age dharmadravya na hone ke kAraNa jIva aura pudgala meM gati sambhava nahIM hai|' " ha . adharma loka meM jisa prakAra jIva aura pudgaloM kI gati meM dharmadravya sahAyaka hai, usI prakAra unakI sthiti meM adharmadravya sahAyaka hai| adharma bhI rUpAdi rahita hone se kAraNa amUrtika hai / yaha bhI niSkriya hai| yadyapi yaha jIva aura pudgaloM kI sthiti meM sahAyaka hai, kintu yaha jAte hue jIva aura pudgaloM ko svayaM nahIM rokatA / AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM : jaha havadi dhammadavvaM taha taM jANeha davamadhamakkhaM / ThidikiriyAjuttANaM kAraNabhUdaM tu puDhavIva // 4 ___arthAt jaise dharmadravya gati meM sahAyaka hai, vaise hI adharmadravya sthira hone kI kriyA se yukta jIva-pudgaloM ke lie pRthvI ke samAna sahakArI kAraNa hai / jaise pRthvI apane svabhAva se apanI avasthA lie pahale se sthira hai aura ghor3A Adi padArthoM ko jabaradastI nahIM ThaharAtI, apitu yadi ve ThaharanA cAheM to unakI sahAyaka hotI hai| athavA jaise vRkSa patha meM calate pathika ko svayaM nahIM rokate, apitu yadi ve rukanA cAheM to unheM chAyA avazya dete haiM, aise hI adharmadravya bhI apanI sahaja avasthA meM sthita rahate hue jIva aura pudgaloM kI sthiti meM sahAyaka kAraNa hote haiN| adharma dravya asaMkhyAtapradezI, eka, nitya, akhaNDa tathA kisI kA kArya nahIM hai| udAsIna arthAt niSkriya hai| samasta lokAkAza meM vyApta hai tathA usI ke barAbara bhI hai| isake astitva kA patA lokAkAza kI sImA para jAnA jAtA hai| lokAkAza kI sImA samApta hote hI vahAM dharmadravya bhI samApta ho jAtA hai taba dravyoM (jIva aura pudgaloM) kI gati usase Age nahIM ho pAtI aura sthiti ke lie isakI sahakAritA apekSita hotI hai| dharma aura adharmadravya ke kAraNa hI AkAza ke lokAkAza aura alokAkAza ye do bheda hue haiM / jahAM dharmAdharma dravya hai vaha lokAkAza hai tathA jahAM ye nahIM hai, vahAM alokAkAza hai| gati tathA sthiti donoM ke hI kAraNa nahIM hotI hai| ye donoM eka-dUsare se bhinna haiM, kintu eka hI kSetra meM rahane ke kAraNa avibhakta haiN| siddhasena divAkara ke mana meM nizcaya naya se jIva aura pudgala-ye do hI samUrta (zuddha parigRhIta) padArtha haiM / / AkAza loka meM jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma tathA kAla ko avakAza dene vAlA dravya hai, sAtha hI yaha svayaM apane ko bhI avakAza dene vAlA hai| rUpAdi se rahita hone ke kAraNa yaha amUrtika hai / loka meM koI aisA dravya honA cAhie jo sabhI ko avakAza de sake / yadyapi aisA dekhA jAtA 1. tatvArthasAra, 3/33-34 2. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 83-84 3. paM0 mahendra kumAra : jaina darzana, varNI granthamAlA, 1674, 10 131 4. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 86 5. vahI, gAthA 87 6. nizcaya dvAnizikA-24, 19/24-26 7. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 10 62 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ hai ki pudgala dravya Apasa meM avakAza dene vAle haiN| jaise meja para pustk| yahAM pustaka, jo pudgala hai, ko pudgala-dravya meja ne hI avakAza diyA hai, kintu meja ko avakAza dene vAlA kauna hai vaha hI hai jo sabhI AkAza ko avakAza dene vAlA hai| avakAza do prakAra kA hailokAkAza aura alokAkAza / lokAkAza vaha hai jahAM jIva aura pudagala saMyukta rUpa se rahate haiM tathA jo dharmAdharmAstikAya aura kAla se bharA huA hai / alokAkAza vaha hai-jahAM kevala AkAza hI AkAza hai, dharma-adharmadravyoM kA abhAva hone se vahAM jIva aura pudgaloM kI gati nahIM hai| AkAza anantapradezI, nitya, ananta tathA niSkriya hai| AkAza ke madhya caudaha rAjU UMcA puruSAkAra loka hai, jisake kAraNa AkAza ke lokAkAza aura alokAkAza do vibhAga hue haiM / dharma aura adharma lokAkAza meM usI taraha vyApta hai, jaise tila meM tela / ' kAla kAla bhI dravya hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra kAla aupacArika dravya hai / vastuvRtyA yaha jIva aura ajIva kI paryAya hai| jahAM isake jIva ajIva kI paryAya hone kA ullekha hai vahAM ise dravya bhI kahA gayA hai| ye donoM kathana virodhI nahIM kintu sApekSa haiM / nizcaya dRSTi meM kAla jIva-ajIva kI paryAya hai / aura vyavahAra dRSTi meM yaha dravya hai / use dravya mAnane kA kAraNa usakI upayogitA hai- upakArakaM dravyam vartanA Adi kAla ke upakAra haiM inhIM ke kAraNa yaha dravya mAnA jAtA hai| padArthoM kI sthiti Adi ke lie jisakA vyavahAra hotA hai, vaha AvalikAdi rUpa kAla jIva ajIva se bhinna nahIM hai, unhIM kI paryAya hai|' digambara paramparA meM kAla aNu rUpa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| pratyeka lokAkAza ke pradeza para eka-eka kAlANu ratnoM kI rAzi ke samAna avasthita hai| kAlANu asaMkhyAta haiM ve paramANu ke samAna hI ekapradezI haiN| kAla dravya digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM ke anusAra anastikAya hai / zvetAmbara paramparA kI dRSTi se aupacArika aura digambara paramparA kI dRSTi se vAstavika kAla ke upakAra yA liMga, pAMca haiM vartanApariNAmakriyAH paratvAparatve ca kAlasya vartanA pariNAma, kriyA, paratva aura aparatva / vartanA zabda ke do artha haiM vartana karanA tathA vartana kraanaa| prathama artha kAla ke sambandha meM tathA dvitIya artha bAkI dravyoM ke sambandha meM ghaTita hotA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki kAla svayaM parivartana karatA hai tathA anya dravyoM ke parivartana meM bhI sahakArI hotA hai| jaise kumhAra kA cAka svayaM parivartanazIla (=ghUmanevAlA) hotA hai tathA anya miTTI Adi ko bhI parivartana karAtA hai usI prakAra kAla bhI hai| saMsAra kI pratyeka vastu utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmaka hone se parivartanazIla hai, kAla usa parivartana meM nimitta hai| kAla pariNAma (dravyoM kA apanI maryAdA ke anusAra bhItara pratisamaya jo parivartana hotA hai use pariNAma kahate haiM) bhI karAtA hai / eka deza se dUsare deza meM prApti hetu halana-calana rUpa vyApAra kriyA hai| paratva kA artha umra meM bar3A, aura aparatva kA artha umra meM choTA hai ye sabhI kArya bhI kAla dravya ke haiM / nayApana purAnApana Adi bhI kAlakRta hI haiN| kAla ke vibhAga digambara paramparAnusAra kAla nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra kAla cAra prakAra kA hai-pramANa-kAla, yathAyunivRttikAla, maraNakAla aura addhAkAla / kAla ke dvArA padArtha mApe jAte haiM isalie use pramANa kAla kahA jAtA hai| jIvana aura mRtyu bhI kAla sApekSa hai isalie jIvana ke avasthAna ko yathAyunivRti-kAla aura usake anta ko maraNa-kAla kahA jAtA hai| sUrya, candra Adi kI gati se sambandha rakhane vAlA addhA-kAla kahalAtA hai| kAla kA pradhAna rUpa addhA-kAla hI hai| zeSa tInoM isI ke viziSTa rUpa haiM / addhA-kAla vyAvahArika hai| vaha manuSya loka meM hI hotA hai isIlie manuSya-loka ko samaya-kSetra kahA jAtA hai / nizcaya kAla jIvaajIva kA paryAya hai / vaha loka-aloka vyApI hai, usake vibhAga nahIM hote| samaya se lekara pudgala parAvarta taka ke jitane vibhAga haiM ve saba addhA kAla ke haiN| isakA sarvasUkSma bhAga samaya kahalAtA hai jo avibhAjya hotA hai| isakI prarUpaNA kamala patrabheda aura vastra vidAraNa ke dvArA kI jAtI hai / mandagati se eka pudgala paramANu ko lokAkAza ke eka pradeza se dUsare pradeza para jAne meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai use eka 'samaya' kahate haiN| isa dRSTi se jaina dharma kI samaya kI avadhAraNA Adhunika vijJAna ke bahuta samIpa hai| 1968 kI paribhASA ke anusAra sIjiyama dhAtu naM0 133 ke paramANuoM ke 6162631776 kampanI kI nizcita avadhi kucha vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM eka sekaNDa ke barAbara hotI hai| 1. udAharaNa mUla granthoM meM nahIM hai| 2. 'kAlazca', tatvArthasUtra, 5/36 3. jaina darzana : manana aura mImAMsA, pR0 163 4. tatvArthasAra, 3/44 5. tatvArthasutra, 222 6. prastuta zIrSaka meM varNita sAmagrI, 'jaina darzana : manana aura mImAMsA' ke AdhAra para hai| 7. draSTavya, navanIta, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, jUna 1980, pR0 106 jaina darzana mImAMsA
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________________ 381 lava samayoM ke samUhoM se banane vAlI kAla kI bhinna-bhinna paryAya nimna haiMavibhAjyakAla eka samaya asaMkhya samaya eka AvalikA 256 AvalikA eka kSullaka bhava (sabase choTI Ayu) 2223122 AkalikA eka ucchvAsa-ni:zvAsa 3773 44462458AvalikA 3773 yA sAdhika 17 kSullaka bhava eka prANa yA do zvAsocchvAsa 7prANa eka stoka 7 stoka eka lava eka ghaDI (24 minaTa) 77 lava do ghaDI yA 65533 kSullaka bhava yA 16777216 AvalikA yA 3773 prANa yA eka muhurta (48 minaTa) 30 muhUrta eka dina rAta (ahorAtri) 15 dina eka pakSa 2 pakSa eka mAsa 2 mAsa eka Rtu 3 Rtu eka ayana 2 ayana eka varSa 5 varSa eka yuga 70 lAkha kroDa, 56 hajAra koDa varSa eka pUrva asaMkhya varSa eka palyopama 10 koDAkoDa palyopama eka sAgara 20 koDAkroDa sAgara eka kAla cakra ananta kAla cakra eka pudgala parAvartana ina sAre vibhAgoM ko saMkSepa meM atIta pratyutpanna (vartamAna) aura anAgata kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra vizva saMracanA ke sambandha meM vistRta vivecanA jaina darzana meM upalabdha hotI hai / jaina-darzana ke aneka siddhAnta aise haiM jo Adhunika vijJAna se pUrNataH mela khAte haiN| 64 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha