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________________ jainadarzana aura jaiminIyasUtra : kucha taulanika nirIkSaNa (akhila bhAratIya darzana pariSada, 57 vA~ adhivezana, pAranera,mahArASTra, 12 se 14 janavarI 2013) viSaya va mArgadarzana -: DaoN. nalinI jozI ghara kA patA : (prAdhyApikA, jaina adhyAsana, puNe vidyApITha) DaoN. anItA sudhIra botharA zodhachAtrA -: DaoN. anItA botharA. plaoNTa naMbara 44, lena naMbara 8, (saMzodhaka sahAyikA, jaina adhyAsana, puNe vidyApITha) RturAja sosAyaTI, puNe 411037 dinAMka : 8/1/2013 viSaya kA cayana : viSaya ke zIrSaka se zrotAoM ko lagegA ki bhAratIya dArzanika dhAraoM meM zramaNa aura brAhmaNa ye jo do paramparAe~ nihita haiM, unameM se kinhIM do zramaNa darzanoM kI athavA kinhIM do brAhmaNa darzanoM kI tulanA ho sakItahai / lekina yahA~ bAhyataH parasparavirodhI laganevAle do darzana taulanika nirIkSaNoM ke lie cune haiM / yajJapradhAna, karmakANDapradhAnatathA lokAnuzruti ke dvArA hiMsApradhAna honevAle jaiminIyadarzana' tathA karma kI nivRtti para bala denevAlA, yajJIya hiMsakA niSedha karanevAlA 'jainadarzana' - ina donoM kI tulanA karanA yogya hai yA nahIM ? - isa prazna kA javAba khojate-khojate samagra bhAratIya vicAradhArAoM ke srota ke prati jaina paramparA meM ullikhita vicAra sAmane Aye / dRSTivAda evaM pUrva sAhitya kI pRSThabhUmi : ___ jaina paramparA ke anusAra samagra jaina sAhitya kA mUlasrota 'dRSTivAda' nAmaka jJAnabhANDAra hai, jo Aja anupalabdha hai / dRSTivAda evaM usake eka vibhAga svarUpa honevAle pUrvagranthoM meM nihita viSayoM para jaba hama dRSTipata karate haiM to usakA dharma -sampradAyAtIta- vizAla vaicArika svarUpa ubharakara sAmane AtA hai / dRSTivAda nAma se hI yaha sUcita hotA hai ki satya kI ora dekhane kI ye dRSTiyA~ athavA vividha vicAradhArAe~ haiM / jaisA ki Rgveda meM kahAgayA hai, ekaM saviprA bahudhA vadanti / jainavidyA ke prathitayaza saMzodhaka DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, 'dRSTivAda' kI samIkSA samagra bhAratIya saMskRti ke pariprekSya meM karate hue likhate haiM ki, "ina pUrva' nAmaka racanAoM ke antargata tatkAlIna na keka dhArmika, dArzanika aura naitika vicAroM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA thA kintu nAnAvidha kalA, vidyA evaM mantra-tantrAdi viSayoM kA bhI samAveza kara diyA gayA thA / ye racanAe~ prAcIna kAla kA bhAratIya jJAnakoSa kahI jAya to anucita na hogaa|"2 ina mUlasrotoM meM se apane-apane anukUla vicAradhArAoM kA ekatrIkaraNa karate hue, dhIre-dhIre lagabhaga 2000 varSoM ke avakAza meM vividha bhAratIya dArzanika dhArAe~ supratiSThita huI / jaina sAhitya meM vidyamAna vibhinna vaicArikyArAoM ke sUcaka kaI ullekha pAye jAte haiM / prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke samasAmAyika 363 matoM kA nirdeza jaina purANoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai / ardhamAgadhI Agama sUtrakRtAMga meM 'samavasaNa' kA artha pramukhatA se, 'vividha vAdoM kA saMgama' hI batAyA hai / kiMbahunA sUtrakRtAMga kI pUrI racanA hI, svasiddhAnta evaM parasiddhAnta' ke maNDaNArtha kI gayI hai / RSibhASitameM nihita vibhinna RSiyoM ke nAma evaM unake vicAra isI tathya kI ora nirdeza karate haiN| isa zodhalekha meM yaha prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki jaina aura jaiminIya donoM ke bAhya AviSkAra bhinna hone ke bAvajU bhI unameM kauna-kaunasA antaraMga sAmya hai, jo donoM darzanoM ne jJAnakoSasvarUpa pUrvagranthoM se svIkRta kiyAhai / (2) mImAMsA zabda kA malArtha aura jaina granthoM meM ulekha : cintana evaM vicAraparaka 'man' kriyApada kA icchArthaka rUpa mImAMsA hai / usakA artha hai, gahana vicAra, pUchatAcha,
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________________ parIkSaNa aura anusandhAna / __jaina ardhamAgadhI granthoM meM isI artha meM mImAMsA (prAkRta - vImaMsA) zabda prayukta kiyA gayA hai / nAyAdhammakahA meM ullekha hai ki abhayakumAra IhA-Uha-mArgaNA-gaveSaNA-mImAMsA meM pravINa thA / jaina jJAnamImAMsA ko samarpita nandIsUtra grantha meM bhI isI padAvali kA upayoga pAyA jAtA hai| hama kaha sakate haiM ki yahA~ mImAMsA zabda kA prayoga pUrvamImAMsA evaM jaiminIyasUtra se sambandhita nahIM hai / uparokta nandIsUtra meM 'mithyAzruta' zIrSaka ke antargata lagabhaga 27 jainetara granthoM ke nAmoM kI ginatI dI hai / unameM aMga, upAMgasahita cAra veda' isa padAvali meM kalpagrantha bhI samaviSTa hai jina para jaiminIyasUtra AdhArita hai / isake sivA 'kalpAzrita' (kappAsiya) isa saMjJA se hama zAbarabhASyasahita jaiminIyasUtroM kA antarbhAva kara sakate haiM / mImAMsA evaM jaiminI zabda kA sAkSAt prayoga na hote hue bhI hama dAve ke sAtha kaha sakate haiM ki nandIkAra ko jaiminIyadarzana hI apekSita hai / kyoMki sAMkhya, vaizeSika, pAtaJjala, buddhavacA Adi saba ullikhita hone ke kAraNa jaiminIyasUtroM kA ullekha na honA asambhava hai| jaiminIyasUtroM ke zAbarabhASya meM mImAMsA zabda kA vizeSa artha isa prakAra se diyA jAtA hai ki isa zAstra meM vedavacanoM kA parizIlana karake samanvaya prasthApita kiyA hai| mImAMsA ke anya nAma nimna prakAra ke haiN| 1) yajJoM ke nimitta veda vAkyoM meM viniyogArtha isa zAstra ke prayoga ke kAraNa ise 'adhvaramImAMsA' bhI kahA jAtA hai| 2) vedavihita karmoM ke niSpAdana meM prayojaka, preraka aura nirNAyaka hone ke kAraNa ise 'karmamImAMsA' bhI kahA jAtA hai| 3) yajJakarma dvArA puruSArtha-catuSTaya kA sAdhaka hone evaM mokSaprApaka karma-brahma kI upAsanA meM pravRtta karanevAlI yaha 'brahmamImAMsA' bhI hai| 4) nyAyaviSayaka granthoM meM arthanirNaya meM sahAyyaka hone ke kAraNa ise 'nyAyazAstra' bhI kaha sakate haiM / (2) jaiminIya aura anuyogadvAra : paddhatizAstra kI samAnatA ____ jaiminIyasUtroM kA kAla yadyapi tIsarI zatAbdI mAnA gayA hai tathApi zAbarabhASya kI racanA ke bAda yAne ki IsA kI pahalI-dUsarI zatI meM dArzanikakSetra meM mImAMsA kA pracalana acchI taraha se hone lagA / jisa prakAra mImAMsAdarzana arthaniSpatti evaM tAtparyanizciti kA zAstra hai usI prakAra kA sthAna jaina ardhamAgadhI Agama granthoM meM anuyogadvAra kA hai / abhyAsakoM ne anuyogadvAra ke racayitA AryarakSita kA kAla IsvI kI pahalI zatAbdI nirdhArita kiyA hai |iskaa artha hai ki donoM paramparAoM meM IsvI kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM arthaniSpatti, tAtparyanirNaya evaM paddhatizAstra kA vikAsa samAnarUpa se jArI thA / anuyogadvArasUtra 'Theory of Interpretation' ke taurapara prasiddha hai / ___ mImAMsA kA uddeza vedavAkyoM kA samanvaya karanA hai / anuyogadvAra kA uddeza AgamoM ke parasparavirodhitA kA samanvaya karanA kataI nahIM hai kyoMki zvetAmbara-digambara donoM AgamoM meM prAya: tAttvika yA saiddhAntika mUlagAmI matabheda nahIM hai / anuyogadvAra ne arthaniSpatti kA eka nayA tarIkA apanAyA hai / 'nAma-sthApanA-dravya-bhAva' athavA 'dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva' isa nikSepa-catuSTaya ke dvArA saMkalpanAoM kI samIkSA karane kA tarIkA anuyogadvAra prastuta karatA hai / vAkyoM se ucita arthabodha hone ke lie vyAkaraNika aMga se vyutpatti', 'samAsa', 'vibhakti' Adi dRSTiyoM se bhI mArgadarzana pAyA jAtA hai / jaina vizleSaNa paddhati ke AdhArabhUta 'saptanayoM' kA evaM cAra pramANoM' kA bhI vivecana anuyogadvAra prastuta karatA hai| jaiminIyasUtra aura anuyogadvAra meM paddhatizAstra (methodology) kA jo vikasita rUpa pAyA jAtA hai vaha bahutahI lakSaNIya hai / ina donoM kI vistRta tulanA saMzodhakoM ke lie eka amUlya avasara hai|
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________________ (3) athAto dharmajijJAsA : jaiminIya kA prArambhika sUtra hai, 'athAto dharmajijJAsA / ' vaidika paramparA meM 'atha' zabda ko maMgalavAcaka mAnakara, pAtaJjalayogasUtra meM evaM bAdarAyaNa brahmasUtra meM bhI prayukta kiyA gayA hai / ve krama se kahate haiM - 'atha yogAnuzAsanam / ' evaM 'athAto brahmajijJAsA / ' atha zabda kA mAMgalya artha jaina paramparA ko mAnya nahIM hai / ata: zvetAmbara-digambara AgamoM meM eka bhI grantha kA Arambha 'atha' zabda se nahIM kiyA gayA hai| ___ dharma kI jijJAsA jaiminIya ne bhI kI hai aura jainoM ne bhI / sUtrakRtAMga (1) grantha meM 'dharma' nAmaka nauveM adhyayama meM Arambha meM prazna upasthita kiyA hai ki, kayare dhamme akkhAe, mAhaNeNa maImayA / ' dazavaikAlika nAmaka grantha kI prArambhika paMkti isa prakAra hai - 'dhammo maMgalamukkiTuM ahiMsA saMjamo tavo / ' isa paMkti meM prathama hI dharma kA maMglatva spaSTa kiyA hai aura bAda meM ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa ko maMgalotpatti kA kAraNa batAyA hai / jisa prakAra mImAMsA meM 'vedo'khilo dharmamUlam', eka supratiSThita tattva hai usI prakAra jaina paramparA meM bhI vItarAga-praNIta Agamavacana hI dharma ke mUlAdhAra mAne haiN| dharma kI kriyAparatA spaSTa karate hue jaiminI dUsare hI sUtra meM kahate haiM - 'codanAlakSaNo'rtho dharmaH' arthAt vedanihita evaM kriyAparaka vAkya hI dharma hai / yaha dRSTikoNa jaina paramparA ko bilakula mAnya nahIM hai / dhArmikaAcAra ke sambandha meM karmakANDa evaM kriyAparatA kA mAnadaNDa haTAkara, jainiyoM ne nivRtti evaM saMyama kI bAta hI vAraMvAra adhorekhita kI hai / donoM darzanoM kA dharma kI ora dekhane kA tarIkA isa prakAra alaga-alaga hai / (4) jaiminIyasUtra evaM tattvArthasUtra kI kucha racanAtmaka vizeSatAe~ : * tattvArthasUtrakAra vAcaka umAsvAti kA kAla sAmAnyata: tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai / isakA artha yaha hai ki unake sAmane uttaramImAMsA arthAt vedAnta choDakara bAkI saba yAne ki pUrvamImAMsA, sAMkhya, yoga nyAya aura vaizeSika ina saba darzanoM ke sUtrabaddha grantha upasthita the / sUtra kI bAhya racanA ke anusAra dekhA jAya to tattvArthasUtra para vaizeSika evaM pAtaJjalayogasUtra kA prabhAva nizcita rUpa se dikhAI detA hai / viSaya aura dRSTibhinnatA ke kAraNa jaiminIyasUtroM kA prabhAva dikhAI nahIM detaa| * tattvArthasUtra prAkRta-bhASA-nibaddha jaina AgamoM kA saMskRta-sUtrabaddha sArarUpa hai / usameM mUlagAmI jaina tattvajJAna, vizvasvarUpa, karmasiddhAnta, nayavAda aura muni evaM zrAvakoM kA AcAra bhI samAviSTa hai / viSaya kI dRSTi se tattvArthasUtra eka paripUrNa dArzanika grantha hai| veda, brAhmaNa evaM kalpaviSayaka grantha, jaiminIyasUtra ke AdhArabhUta grantha haiM / 'unameM nihita tattvajJAna viSayaka vicAroM kA nicoDa sUtrarUpa meM lAnA' - yaha jaiminIyasUtra kA pratipAdya bilakula bhI nahIM hai / padArtha, tattvavicAra, saiddhAntika avadhAraNA, vizvavicAra, jJAnamImAMsA Adi saba viSaya jaiminIyasUtroM se gauNa prakAra se niSpanna hote haiM / 'vedavAkyoM kI antarvirodhitA dUra karanA hI usakA pratipAdya hai / 'yajJIya karmakANDa kI upAdeyatA' jaiminI kA pramukha prayojana hai / vaizeSika darzana ke saptapadArtha prAya: jaiminI ne gRhItaka ke rUpa meM mAne haiM - jaise ki dravya, guNa, karma i. / yaha tathya vaizeSika darzana kI prAcInatA kI ora saMketa detA hai / * tattvArthasUtra meM aise viSayoM kA samagratA se jikra kiyA hai jo viSaya zvetAmbara-digambara Agama evaM unake paravartI prAcIna, arvAcIna vyAkhyAgranthoM meM samAnatA se zabdAMkita kiye gaye haiN| jina mukhya avadhAraNAoM meM nibiAda mAnyatA hai aise sAre viSaya tattvArthasUtra meM guMphita hai| jaiminIyasUtroM meM yaha tathya dikhAI detA hai ki vedoM meM nihita jJAnakANDa aura karmakANDa meM se kevala karmakaNDa ko hI pramukhatA dI hai / pUre jJAnakANDa ko kevala arthavAda kI dRSTi se hI sArthaka mAnA hai| * SaDadravya aura navatattvoM kI avadhAraNA, cAritrapAlana ke lie puraka hone ke kAraNa tattvArthasatra meM ekatrita rUpa se unakA dArzanikIkaraNa huA / jaiminI ke sAmane eka Apatti thI / yajJIya karmakANDa evaM dainandina vidhividhAnoM
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________________ kI sArthakatA batAne ke lie vedoM meM nihita tattvajJAna kI pArzvabhUmi zAyada unako pUraka nahIM lagI / isake sivA tattvajJAna meM bhI vaicArika matabhinnatA thI / kyoMki vaidika sAhitya meM vibhinna RSiyoM ke, vibhinnakAlIna vicAra prastuta kiye gaye haiN| isalie tattvArthasUtra kI bhA~ti darzana-jJAna-cAritra kI samanvitatA jaiminI prastuta nahIM kara sake / mukhya aura gauNa kI avadhAraNA unakI tArkika vivazatA thii| (5) vizvasaMkalpanA, svarga evaM naraka : ___ vizvasvarUpamImAMsA evaM svarga-naraka-saMkalpanA jainadarzana kA eka pramukha bhAga hai / SaDdravyoM ke astitvavAle AkAzapradeza ko 'lokAkAza' kahate haiM / usake cahU~ora 'alokAkAza' bhI hai / trailokyAMtargata Urdhvaloka meM krama se uttarottara zreSTha svargoM kA avasthAna hai / bIca meM manuSya aura tiryaMcoM kI vasatiyukta madhyaloka hai / adholoka meM uttarottara zreSTha (yAne adhikAdhika krUra) narakoM kA AvAsa hai / vizva ke bIca meM trasanADI hai jisameM sabhI trasajIvoM kA vAstavya hai / bhaugolika sthAnoM para AdhArita caturgatyAtmaka vyavasthA bhI jainadarzana meM vyavasthita rUpa se batAyI hai - jaise ki naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura deva / tattvArthasUtra meM , jo ki eka dArzanika grantha hai, vizvasaMkalpanA ko tIsare aura cauthe adhyAyoM meM pramukhatA se sthAna diyA hai| kevala jaiminIya-darzana meM hI nahIM balki chahoM vaidika-darzanoM meM se kisI ne bhI vizvasaMracanA ko ThIka taraha se aMkita nahIM kiyA hai / bAkI darzanoM kI to bAta choDie, 'svargakAmo yajeta'-isa yajurvedIya mantra kA labA-cauDA spaSTIkaraNa denevAle, jaiminIyasUtra evaM bhASya meM svarga kI saMkhyA, sthAna Adi kA kathana karanA atyanta anivArya hai / yajJa jaise puNyakarma se agara svargaprApti ho to pApakarmiyoM ke lie naraka varNana bhI anivAryatA hI hai / svarga-narakasaMkalpanA Rgveda meM bIjarUpa se, atharvaveda meM kiMcit vistArita rUpa se aura mahAbhArata evaM purANoM meM ativistRta rUpa se pAyI jAtI hai / svarga-naraka-saMkalpanAoM ko dArzanika sthAna na denevAle vaidika dArzanikoM se samagra, atibhavya vizvasaMkalpanA kI guMjAIza bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| ____ mahAn Azcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki jaina aura jaiminIya donoM ekavAkyatA se kahate haiM ki, 'yaha samUcA vizva anAdi aura ananta hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki donoM dArzanika paramparAe~ samAna rUpa se Izvara ko, usake jagatkartRtva ko tathA utpatti-pralayAdi kalpanAoM ko pUrNa rUpa se nakAratI hai / (6) devatAsRSTi : devatA ke viSaya meM jaiminI ne, dasaveM adhyayana ke caturtha pAda ke devatAdhikaraNa meM vicAra kiyA hai / yajJayAgAdi meM kisI devatAvizeSa (indra, viSNu, varuNa i.) ko lakSya karake Ahuti dI jAtI hai / 'devAya', 'agnaye' Adi pada, mImAMsA ke mata meM, devatA-sampradAnakAraka-sUcaka pada mAtra hai / devatA mantrAtmaka hai / zabdarUpa mantroM ko sarvAdhika pradhAnatA hai| 'zabda nitya hai'', isalie mantra mukhya aura devatA gauNa hai / ata: devatA kI kRpA ko nahIM balki yajJIya anuSThAna ko hI mahattva diyA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra devagati caturgati meM se eka hai / devatAoM ko bhI AyuSkarma kA kSaya hone para, svargaloka kA tyAga karanA hI paDatA hai / devI-devoM kI upAsanA kAmyabhAvanA se kI jA sakatI hai / parantu ve jaba phala dete haiM, taba upAsaka ke karmoM ke anurUpa hI phala unheM denA paDatA hai, kama yA jyAdA nahIM / sarvocca pUjanIyatA kI dRSTi se vItarAgI jina tathA tIrthaMkara Adi zreSTha sthAna para haiM aura devatA gauNa sthAna para haiN| 'deva-devatAoM ko gauNa sthAna para rakhanA' - yaha jaina aura jaiminIya donoM darzanoM kA lakSaNIya sAmya hai| (7) sadvastumImAMsA : dravya, jAti, guNa, karma aura abhAva ye pA~ca padArtha kumArila dvArA svIkRta hai / dravya, jAti, guNa, karma,
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________________ saMkhyA, sAdRzya, zakti aura samavAya ye ATha padArtha prabhAkara dvArA svIkRta hai / " kumArilabhaTTa, dravyoM ke antargata pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, AkAza, kAla, dizA, AtmA, mana, tama, zabda inakA samAveza karate haiN| prabhAkara mizra tama aura zabda ko choDakara nau dravyoM ko mAnate haiM / 12 jainadarzana meM sAta tattva (nava tattva) prasiddha haiM - jIva, ajIva, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa kaI abhyAsakoM ne inheM naitika tattva mAnA hai| jainadarzana meM vAstavika tattvoM ko dravya kahate haiN| Sar3adravyoM kIginatI isa prakAra dI jAtI hai- dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, kAla, jIvAstikAya aura pudgalAstikAya | 'sat' yA 'astitva' dravya kA lakSaNa hai| hareka dravya guNa aura paryAyoM se yukta hai / dravya nitya haiM aura paryAyoM kI utpatti aura vinAza hotA rahatA hai| 6 jaina aura jaiminIya donoM meM tattva, dravya, padArtha, guNa, karma Adi kA vivecana bhinna-bhinna tarIke se pAyA jAtA hai / donoM ne apanI-apanI tattvamImAMsA ko gRhItaka ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA hai / unakI satyAsatyatA eka-dUsare ke pariprekSya meM svIkAranA yA nakAranA yaha anusandhAna eka svatantra viSaya hai / tathApi yaha bAta mananIya hai ki donoM ne apane-apane dravyoM kI sattA ko nitya mAnA hai / ataeva donoM darzanoM ko hama 'vAstavavAdI yAnerealist' mAna sakate haiM / jIva-ajIva donoM ko svatantra rUpa se mAnane ke kAraNa eka dRSTi se jaina aura jaiminIya ina donoM ko hama 'dvaitavAdI yAne dualist' bhI kaha sakate haiN| donoM ne hara jIva kI (AtmA kI ) svatantra sattA svIkAra karane ke kAraNa donoM ko hama 'anekajIvavAdI yAne pluralist' bhI kaha sakate haiM / (8) pramANamImAMsA : kumArilabhaTTa chaha pramANoM ko svIkArate haiM jaise ki pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna, zabda, arthApatti aura anupalabdhi / prabhAkaramizra anupalabdhi choDakara pA~ca pramANoM ko mAnate haiM / 17 jaina pramANavicAra Agamayuga, khaNDana-maNDana-yuga aura nyAyayuga ina tInoM meM vibhakta hai| jaina naiyAyikoM ne nyAyayuga meM syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI ke AdhAra se abhinava vivecana paddhati apanAyI hai| sAmAnyataH hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jaina naiyAyikoM ko cAra pramANa mAnya haiM pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura Agama / - hama kaha sakate haiM ki mImAMsakoM ko arthApatti aura anupalabdhi ina donoM pramANoM kI svatantra rUpa se svIkRti anivAryatA se karanI pddii| kyoMki vedavAkyoM kA virodha dUra karane ke lie tathA jJAnaparaka vAkyoM kA arthakarmaparaka batAne ke lie ye donoM pramANa bahuta hI upayukta the / isake alAvA 'arthavAda' kA tantra bhI unhoMne khUba apanAyA / mImAMsakoM ke anusAra jJAna 'svataH pramANa' hotA hai / vizeSata: veda svata: pramANa haiM / jaina gRhItakoM ke anusArajJAna hamezA sva para prakAzaka hotA hai| I - - (9) zabdaprAmANya kA sthAna jaina aura jaiminIya donoM ne apane-apane mUlAdhAra grantha taya kiye / jaiminIya ne 'veda', 'brAhmaNa' evaM 'kalpasUtra' ina tInoM ko zabdapramANa ke rUpa meM sviikaaraa| jainiyoM ne vItarAga sarvajJoM ke upadezoM ke saMkalana ko 'Agama' kahA / unako pramANa rUpa meM svIkArA / yadyapi zvetAmbara - digambaroM meM AgamapramANyasambandhI matabheda hai tathApi donoM ne prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha apane-apane prAcIna granthoM ko AgamapramANa (zabdapramANa) ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA hai| | mImAMsA ke anusAra vedoM ke zabda RSiyoM ne dekhe yAne unakA sAkSAtkAra kiyaa| phira unhoMne una sUktoM kI mukha se uccAraNA kI / zabdoM kA uccAraNa, zuddhi, azuddhi i. ko mImAMsakoM ke zabdaprAmANya meM sarvAdhika mahattva hai | 'zabda-nityatva' aura 'zabda - zuddhatva' kI avadhAraNA, mImAMsA meM eka prabala gRhItaka hai / I jaina mata ke anusAra tIrthaMkaroM ke upadeza gaNadharoM ne artharUpa se saMgrahita aura zabdabaddha kiye / tIrthaMkaroM ke upadeza lokabhASA meM hone ke kAraNa zAbdika zuddhatA, nityatA, uccAraNa hamezA gauNa sthAna para rhii| sAra, bhAvArtha
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________________ yA Azaya kA mahattva mukhya rahA / jaina AgamoM kA paThana-pAThana sUtrarUpa, artharUpa aura ubhayarUpa hotA thA / isI kANa pA~ca vibhinna bhASAoM meM zabdAntaraNa hone ke bAvajUda bhI jainadarzana kA mUla tattvajJAnAtmaka DhA~cA sunizcita hI rahA (10) veda tathA AgamoM kI pauruSeyatA evaM apauruSeyatA : mImAMsA ke anusAra vedavAkya pauruSeya yAne kisI puruSa ke dvArA racita nahIM haiM / veda Izvara dvArA bhI racita nahIM haiM / kyoMki mImAMsakoM ko kartA-dhartA ke svarUpa meM Izvara kA astitva hI mAnya nahIM hai / vedoM meM kartAoM ke nAma nihita nahIM haiM / RSiyoM ke nAma draSTAoM ke nAma haiM, kartAoM ke nahIM haiM / veda nitya haiM kyoMki zabda nitya haiM / zabda kA artha ke sAtha sambandha bhI nitya hai / veda kisI bhI mAnavavizeSa dvArA athavA IzvaradvArA racita na hone ke kAraNa anAdikAla se guruziSya paramparA ke dvArA calate Aye haiM / 18 eka dRSTi se dekhe jAya to jaina Agama pauruSeya hai aura dUsarI dRSTi se dekhe jAya to jaina AgamoM ko hama auSeya bhI kaha sakate haiM / samaya-samaya meM tIrthaMkaroM ke dvArA upadiSTa hone ke kAraNa unheM hama pauruSeya kaha sakate haiN| IzvaradvArA racita na hone ke kAraNa bhI ve pauruSeya hai / kyoMki jainadarzana meM bhI kartA-dhartA ke rUpa meM Izvara kI mAnyatA nahIM hai / haraeka tIrthaMkara paramparAprApta AgamoM ko hI Age baDhAtA hai / jainadharma anAdi hone ke kAraNa ve kisI puSavizeSadvArA racita bhI nahIM kahe jA sakate / isalie Agama apauruSeya bhI haiM / vedavacanoM kI taraha AgamavacanoM kI nityatA evaM zabdArthoM kI nityatA jaina paramparA ne svIkRta nahIM kI hai / zabda ko jainadarzana ne pudgala ke paryAya ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA hai aura paryAya nitya nahIM hote 19 (11) Izvara-saMkalpanA : Astika darzanoM meM aneka kAraNoM se sRSTi ke kartA, karmaphaladAtA, vedapraNetA yA adRzya zakti Adi ke rUpa meM Izvara kI mAnyatA dikhAI detI hai / nyAya-vaizeSika, yoga-vedAnta Adi meM Izvarasiddhi ke lie mukhyata: dokAraNa diye jAte haiM - 1) sRSTi aura pralaya kA samarthana / 2) veda-prAmANya kA saMsthApana / mImAMsaka utpatti aura pralaya ko nakArate haiM / saMsAra ko anAdi-ananta mAnate haiM / utpatti-pralaya ke rUpa meM sRSTikartA Izvara ko nahIM mAnate / karmaphaladAtA bhI Izvara nahIM hai| mImAMsAsUtroM ke praNetA jaimini, Izvara ke bAre meM mauna rahanA hI behatara samajhate haiM, lekina kahIM bhI ve isakA nirAkaraNa, khaNDana yA spaSTIkaraNa aisA nahIM dete haiM ki Izvara kA astitva unake lie nahIM hai / abhyAsakoM ne mImAMsakoM ke bAre meM yaha nirIkSaNa prastuta kiyA hai ki, 'paravartI mImAMsakoM meM IzvaraviSayaka mAnyatA dikhAI detI hai / '20 mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki jaiminIya kA IzvarasambandhI dRSTikoNa jainiyoM se bilakula milatA-julatA hai| kevala pharka itanA hai ki svasiddhAnta-parasiddhAnta kI samIkSA karanevAle prAcIna ardhamAgadhI sUtrakRtAMga grantha meM Izvara aura sRSTi kI utpatti kA spaSTa zabdoM meM nirAsa kiyA hai / 21 paravartI jaina naiyAyikoM ne Izvara ke asiddhi ke lie kaI prakAra ke tarka upasthita kiye haiN| ___ siddhazilA para ArUDha muktajIvoM ke lie jaina granthoM meM kabhI-kabhI Izvara yA paramAtmA aise zabda prayukta kiye hue dikhAI dete haiM / lekina isa Izvara kA sambandha kisI bhI taraha se sRSTikartA Izvara se nahIM hai / jaina dRchi se muktajIva paramAtmA haiM aura ve ananta haiN|
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________________ (12) karmaviSayaka dRSTikoNa : 'sabhI vedavAkyoM kA karmaparaka tAtparya batAnA' - yaha mImAMsA kA mukhya prayojana hone ke kAraNa karma kA vividha dRSTiyoM se spaSTIkaraNa dene kA prayAsa jaiminIyasUtra aura zAbarabhASya ke prAyaH sabhI adhyAyoM ke sabhI pAdoM meM dikhAI detA hai / khAsa kara dvitIya adhyAya ke cAra pAda pUrNataH karmavicAra ko samarpita hai| sabhI bikharI huI karmamImAMsA agara hama ekatrita rUpa se sAmane lAe to vividha prakAra se karmoM kA vargIkaraNa dikhAI detA hai / * sthAvara-trasa sRSTi kA halanacalana, jIvoM kA caturgatibhramaNa aura Atmika unnati karanevAle yajJayAgAdi karma ina para AdhArita vargIkaraNa sahajakarma, jaivakarma aura aikSakarma ina saMjJAoM se sambandhita hai / * nitya-naimittika, kAmya-niSiddha aura prArabdhakarma jaiminIya karmakANDa kI khAsa apanI vizeSatA hai / * utkSepaNa, avakSepaNa, AkuJcana, prasAraNa aura gamana yaha paMcavidha karma nyAya-vaizeSikadarzanasammata hai aura mImAMsAdvArA bhI svIkRta hai / * mImAMsA ke dUsare adhyAya meM karmabheda ke kaI prakAra diye hue haiM / jaise ki - zabdAntara se, abhyAsa se, saMkhyA se, saMjJA se, guNa se, prakArAntara se, kAla se, deza se, nimitta se, phala se, saMskArya se Adi / 22 yadyapi karmoM ke vividha prakAra mImAMsakoM ne prastuta kiye haiM tathApi yajJasambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa hI mImAMsA kA mukhya prayojana hai / karmoM kA phala karmoM ke dvArA svayaM hotA hai / yajJAdi dvArA jo apUrva paidA hotA hai vahIM karma kA phala dene meM samartha hai| karma aura karmaphala ke vyavadhAna ko joDane ke lie mImAMsA meM jisa adRzyazakti kI sthApanA kI hai use 'apUrva' kahate haiM / jaimini, zabara, kumArila, prabhAkara Adi ke anusAra yAgAdi kriyA pramukha haiM, devatA guNabhUta haiM aura svajanya apUrva dvArA hI vyakti karma kA phala prApta karatA hai / ata: puruSArtha kI pradhAnatA hai / jainadarzana meM karmasiddhAnta aura punarjanma ekameka se juDe hue haiN| sRSTi meM bhare hue anantAnanta jIvoM ke janmamaraNa kI pUrI mImAMsA isa karmasiddhAnta meM hI nihita hai / ekendriya se lekara paMcendriyoM taka sabhI jIvoM ko evaM cAroM gatiyoM ko bhI yaha karmasiddhAnta upayojita hai / jaiminIya meM karmasiddhAnta kA svarUpa mukhyata: mAnavalakSI dikhAI de hai / jaina dRSTi se eka bhI jIva kA astitva karmasiddhAnta se pare nahIM hai / mImAMsakoM kI taraha jainiyoM kA karma bhI acetana hai lekina spaSTarUpa se aNurUpa hai / aNurUpa acetana karma bhI, jIva ke samparka meM Ane para, phala dene meM samartha hote haiM - isa prakAra jainoM kI dRDha dhAraNA hai / navIna mImAMsakoM ko acetana karma dvArA prApta hone vAlA phala dene ke lie Izvara kA astitva mAnanA paDA / lekina jainoM ne karma kI sampUrNa svayaMcalita vyavasthA pracalita kI / jaina karmasiddhAnta bahuta sAre prakAra-upaprakAroM se puSpita-phalita huA / jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha mUlaprakRti, karmoM kI uttaraprakRtiyA~, ghAti-aghAtikarma, karmoM kI da avasthAe~3 i. para AdhArita pUre sAhitya kA sambhAra jainiyoM ne nirmANa kiyA / pratyeka jIva ke pratikSaNa 'karma-vedana' kI, 'karmanirjarA' kI aura 'karmabandha' kI sUkSma avadhAraNA sthApita kI / jaiminIya ke apUrvasiddhAnta kI samakakSa saMkalpanA jaina karmasiddhAnta meM upalabdha nahIM hai / apUrva jaisA koI nayA tattva nirmANa karane ke badale karmoM kA hI 'AbAdhAkAla' unhoMne mAnA hai / donoM darzanoM meM karmavicAraNA ko ananyasAdhAraNa mahattva hai / unakI karmavicAraNA meM aneka sAmya bhI hai / Izvara ko na mAnane ke kAraNa donoM ne apanI-apanI karmavyavasthA jyAdA se jyAdA susaMgata aura tArkika banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / phira bhI 'karmakANDa kI ora jhukAva' aura 'karmabandha se nivRtti' - ye donoM mUlagAmI dhAraNAe~ alaga hone ke kAraNa donoM meM lakSaNIya bheda bhI dikhAI paDatA hai / (13) yajJaviSayaka dRSTikoNa : pUrvamImAMsA darzana meM yajJayAgAdi ko manuSya kA sabase baDA kartavya batalAkara usakI mahattA, kriyA aura vidhi
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________________ kI vivecanA para adhika dhyAna diyA hai / mImAMsA mukhyatayA karmakANDamUlaka darzana hai / yajJa, mahAyajJa usake pramukha vicAraNIya viSaya haiM / darzapUrNamAsa, jyotiSToma , azvamedha Adi yajJoM kA pratipAdana karane vAle vAkyoM kA ucita artha batAnA, mImAMsA kA mukhya prayojana hai / agnihotra jaise choTe gRhayajJa mImAMsA ke mata se nitya karmoM meM antarbhUta haiM / agnipradhAna aura yajJapradhAna mImAMsAsUtroM kI prAcInatA ke bAre meM koI sandeha nahIM hai kyoMki aneka bhAratIya utsava, tyauhAra aura dhArmika kriyAoM meM, janma se lekara maraNa taka sabhI saMskAroM meM yajJa kA kisI na kisI rUpa meM samAveza kiyA gayA hai| __ vaidika paramparA meM yajJIya saMskRti ke pravartaka grantha brAhmaNagrantha, zrautasUtra aura gRhyasUtra haiM / usameM batAyA hai ki vedoM ke AdhAra para yajJoM kA pracalana pahale asuroM meM phira devoM meM aura tatpazcAt mAnavoM meM huA / uttaraklIna brAhmaNoM ne kAma, lobha, krodha ke udaya se maryAdArakSaNa zithila hone lagA aura yajJoM meM pazuhiMsA ke rUpa meM mAMsAhAra pravRtta huA / pazumedha, azvamedha, gomedha, aja, chAga, Alabhana, pazuparoDAza Adi bahuta sAre zabdoM se pazuhiMsA aura mAMsAhAra kA pracalana aura parivardhana vedamantroM ke AdhAra se hone lagA / kAla kI isI sImAreSA para maharSi jaimimI ne mImAMsAsUtroM kI racanA kI / yajJIya karmakANDa kI pratiSThApanA viziSTa tattvajJAna ke AdhAra para kI / vedagranthoM meM nihita sabhI vAkyoM kA khAsakara hiMsAsUcaka vAkyoM kA naye tarIke se artha lgaayaa| jaimini ke sUtroM meM spaSTata: kathana kiyA hai ki yajJIya vidhividhAnoM kA mAMsaparaka artha karanA anucita hai / 24 'aja' zabda kA artha chAga (bakarA) nahIM hai apitu meM purAne dhAnyabIjoM ko hI aja kahA jAtA hai / 25 isI prakAra jaiminI ne isa darzana ke dvArA tIna hetu sAdhya kiye - 1) vedoM kI hiMsAparakatA dUra kI / 2) yajJIya karmakANDa kI phira se pratiSThApanA kI aura 3) arthanirdhAraNa aura tAtparyanirNaya ke sunizcita nikaSa banAkara bhASAzAstrIya dRSTi se apanA anupameya yogadAna diyaa| yajJasaMsthA bhArata meM kitanI dRDhamUla thI isake nirdezaka zabda, pariccheda evaM carcAe~ jaina-prAkRta sAhitya meM vipula mAtrA meM pAyI jAtI haiM / khAsa taurapara AcArAMga, bhagavatI, uttarAdhyayana, praznavyAkaraNa, paumacariya, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa aura mahApurANa ye grantha vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / pazuvadhAtmaka yajJoM kA tIvra virodha to jaina paramparAne hamezA kiyA kintu tila-ghRta Adi ke AdhAra se kiye jAne vAle yajJoM ke prati bhI aruci hI darzAyI hai / jaina mata se 'agni' yaha agnikAyika jIvoM kA samUha hone ke kAraNa kisI bhI prakAra kA yajJa unheM maMjUra nahIM hai / 'paumacariyaM' meM 'aja' zabda kI vizeSa mImAMsA evaM kathA vistRta rUpa se pAyI jAtI hai / 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' meM agnihotram juhuyAt svargakAma:'-isa vedavAkya kI samagra vicAraNA kI hai / anta meM yajJoM kI nirarthakatA batAyI hai| 'dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa' grantha meM yajJaviSayaka TIkATippaNI kA caramotkarSa pAyA jAtA hai / kAlakAcAryanAmaka muni spaSTatA se kahate haiM ki, 'yajJa kA phala narakagamana hI hai / '26 yadyapi jainoM ne yajJasaMsthA kI khulakara TIkA kI tathApi Ama samAjapara yajJasaMsthA kA itanA prabhAva thA ki rUpakAtmaka athavA pratikAtmaka paddhati se uttarAdhyayana jaise grantha meM munijIvana kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai| jaina aura bauddhoM kA yajJavirodha kA rukha itanA kaDavA hotA calA gayA ki maharSi jaimini jaise prakhara veda pravaktA ne vedavAkyoM kI samAlocanA kA aura usameM nihita ahiMsAparakatA dikhAne kA kArya hI mAno, isa darzana ke dvArA prastuta kiyA / (14) AtmavicAra : kumArila aura prabhAkara ke AtmaviSayaka matoM meM kiMcit matabheda hone ke bAvajUda bhI hama mImAMsAdarzana ke AtmasambandhI vicAra isa prakAra aMkita kara sakate haiM / caitanya kA Azraya AtmA hai / vaha deha, indriyajJAna aura sukha se bhinna hai| apane karmoM kA kartA aura bhoktA hai / pariNAma, pRthakatva Adi usake teraha guNa hai / vaha vibhu hai / lekina sukha-duHkhoM kA bhoga aura anubhava vaha zarIra meM hI karatA hai / vaha nitya hai / AtmA kA jJAna ahaMpratyaya
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________________ se yAne AtmacetanA se hotA hai / AtmA prativyakti, pratizarIra bhinna-bhinna hai / vaha apane prArabdha karma, bhoga dvArA samApta karatA hai aura AtmajJAna ke dvArA mokSa prApta karatA hai / 27 1 jainadarzana kA AtmavicAra prAya: eka - do muddoM kA apavAda karake vAkyaza: mImAMsA darzana se milatA-julatA hai / pharka itanA hI hai ki jaina mata ke anusAra upayoga arthAt jJAna-darzana-cetanA AtmA kA mukhya guNa hai aurasukha, duHkha Adi usake paryAya haiM / " jaina mata ke anusAra AtmA zarIraparimANa hai lekina unake mata se, 'AtmapradezoM kI saMkhyA lokAkAza ke pradezoM se samatulya hai / ' (15) mokSavicAra : jaina aura jaiminIya donoM ke AtmavicAra meM jitanA sAmya dikhAI detA hai utanA sAmya pAribhASika zabdoM kA antara choDa ke prAyaH donoM ke mokSavicAra meM bhI dikhAI detA hai / kumArilabhaTTa ke anusAra, 'prapaJcasambandhavilayo mokSaH / 29 prabhAkara ke anusAra, 'Atyantikastu dehocchedo mokSaH / '30 jainoM ke anusAra, 'kRtsnakarmakSayo mokSaH / kumArila ke anusAra mokSAvasthA meM jIva meM AtmajJAna nahIM hai, jJAnazakti mAtra I / jainoM kA mata hai ki mukta jIvoM meM siddhaavasthA meM anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasaukhya aura anantavIrya hotA hai / jaina aura jaiminIya donoM ke mata se mukta AtmAe~ ananta tathA aneka haiM aura sattArUpa meM sadaiva veM avasthita hote haiM / kumArila ke anusAra mokSaprApti ke bAda jIva kA punarjanma nahIM hotA / jaina matake anusAra bhI muktajIva punarjanmarahita hI hote haiM / ata: kumArila aura jaina donoM ke matoM meM avatAra - saMkalpanA ko koI bhI sthAna nahIM hai / 'prArabdhakarmoM ko bhogakara naSTa karanA', jainoM kI 'akAmanirjarA' hai / 'nitya - naimittika karmoM dvArA mokSamArga kI bAdhA dUra karane kI tulanA', jainiyoM kI 'sakAmanirjarA' se hama kara sakate haiM / 'kAmya aura niSiddha karmoM ko choDanA', jainadRSTi se 'saMvara' haiM / jaina aura jaiminIya donoM mAnate haiM ki mokSa ke lie pApa aura puNya denoM kA sampUrNa kSaya honA Avazyaka hai / isa sabakA matalaba hai ki paribhASikatA ko choDakara mokSa kA svarUpa aura prakriyA jaina aura jaiminIya donoM meM prAyaH ekarUpa hI hai / upasaMhAra : karmakANDa aura yajJa ke puraskartA jaiminIya aura yajJasaMsthA ke prakhara TIkAkAra jaina, ina donoM meM dikhAI denevAlI bAhya vibhinnatA itanI spaSTa hai ki hama kalpanA bhI nahIM kara sakate kI ina donoM meM mUlabhUta tattvajJAna ke koI samAna prArUpa ho sakate haiM / bhAratIya saMskRti kI vizeSatA, 'vividhatA meM ekatA' isa sUtra meM antarbhUta hai / isakA udAharaNa bAhyatA bhinna AviSkAravAle jaina aura jaiminIya ina donoM meM hama pratIta kara sakate haiM, yadi hama donoM ke antastala taka pahu~ca jAe / * jaina prAcIna granthoM meM 'vicAraNA', 'pUchatAcha ' isa artha meM 'mImAMsA' zabda kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai / * mImAMsA darzana jisa prakAra vedavAkyoM kA artha lagAne kA zAstra hai, usI prakAra jaina paramparA meM anuyogadvAra grantha meM nihita vicAraNA ke dvAroM ke mAdhyama se hama jaina AgamoM kI chAnabIna acchI taraha se kara sakate haiM / * donoM ko 'zabdaprAmANya' zirodhArya hai / jaiminIya vedavAkyoM ko zabdaza: pramANa mAnate haiM, to jaina bhAvArthas se AgamoM ko pramANa mAnate haiM / * donoM ke AmnAya yA Agama viziSTa puruSa dvArA racita athavA Izvara dvArA racita nahIM hai yAne ki apauruSeya hai /
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________________ * donoM sacce artha meM nirIzvaravAdI hai / matalaba Izvara ko kartA-dhartA ke rUpa meM nahIM svIkArate aura sRSTi ko anAdi-ananta bhI mAnate haiN| * svarga saMkalpanA donoM meM samAnatA se pAyI jAtI hai lekina deva-devatAoM kA sthAna donoM ne gauNa rUpa se hI mAnA hai| * AtmasvarUpa aura jagatasvarUpa kA vicAra karate hue hama donoM ko vAstavavAdI (realist), dvaitavAdI (dualist) aura bahutattvavAdI (pluralist) ina tInoM vizeSaNoM se samAna rUpa se vizeSita kara sakate haiM / ___ * donoM samAna rUpa se mAnate haiM ki pratyeka AtmA svatantra hai aura saMkhyA se aneka athavA ananta hai / pratyeka AtmA karmoM kA kartA-bhoktA hai / * Izvarabhakti aura IzakRpA ko koI sthAna na hone ke kAraNa donoM ne AtmanirbharatA evaM puruSArtha ko adhorekhita kiyA hai| * karmavicAraNA kI vibhinnatA kitanI bhI ho, donoM ekavAkyatA se kahate haiM ki karma kI vyavasthA svayaMcalita hai / vahI janma-maraNa rUpa saMsAracakra kA upAdAnabhUta hai / * muktajIvoM kA sattA rUpa meM traikAlika astitva donoM kI samAnatA hai / muktajIvoM kA punarAgamana mAnya na hone ke kAraNa donoM meM avatAravAda kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai / * strI-puruSoM ke dhArmika kAryoM ke prati samAna adhikAra, zUdroM ke adhikAra evaM aMgahIna logoM ke bhI dharmasambandhI adhikAroM kI carcA mImAMsAdarzana ke SaSTha adhyAya ke prathama pAda meM prastuta kI gayI hai / jainadharma nevAraMvAra sAdhuoM ke sAtha sAdhviyoM kA aura zrAvakoM ke sAtha zrAvikAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / jAti aura varNavyavasthA ke virodha meM apanA alaga dRSTikoNa spaSTa kiyA hai| jaina aura jaiminIya ke sAmyasthala khojane kA prayAsa isa zodhalekha meM kiyA hai / agara hama donoM kI adhika gaharAI meM utare to trasa-sthAvara saMkalpanA, utkrAntivAda ke anukUla saMketa, jIvajAtiyoM kI yoni meM ayonija arthAt jaina dRSTi se sammUrchima jIva Adi anekAneka saMkalpanAoM ke bAre meM vaicArika samIpatA dikhAI se lagatI niSkarSa : aitihAsika kramabaddhatA agara dhyAna meM rakhI jAya to jaiminIya sUtroM kA vizleSaNa jaina prAcIna AgamoM ke pRSThabhUmi para rakha kara eka alaga hI citra sAmane ubharakara AtA hai / jaina aura bauddha donoM paramparAe~ varNAzramavirodhI evaM yajJIya hiMsA ke bilakula hI khilApha thI / yajJIya hiMsA aise kagAra taka pahuMcI thI ki ukta zramaNa paramparAoM ne DaTakara usakA sAmanA kiyA / maharSi jaimini lagabhaga i.sa.pUrva tisarI zatAbdI meM isa vaicArika kSetra meM praviSTa hue / vedavAkyoM kA AdhAra lekara calI huI hiMsAparakatA, khuda unako bhI mAnya nahIM thI / zramaNa paramparA kA virodha cala hI rahA thA / aisI sthiti meM yajJazAstra meM praviSTa hiMsAparakatA dUra karane kA bIDA unhoMne uThAyA / prakhara tarkabuddhi aura ucita mUlagAmI bhASAjJAna ke AdhAra se unhoMne vedavAkyoM ke artha, naI sUjhabUjha ke sAtha prastuta kiye / jaimini ke sAmane tattvajJAnapara prArUpa svatantra rUpa se upalabdha nahIM thA / unhoMne sUtroM kI racanA meM hI tattvajJAna kA prArUpa guMphita kiyA / usa tattvajJAna kA bhAvArtha agara ekatrita kiyA to jaina tattvajJAna se vaha prArUpa jyAdA se jyAdA sAdRzya prakaTa karatA hai| agara ahiMsA ke prati krama se agresara honA hai, to jainiyoM kA prArUpa adhika sayuktika honA yaha koI mahAn Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai| **********
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________________ 1) Rgveda 1. 164.46 2) bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR. 52,50 3) abhayakumAre IhA vUha vImaMsA maggaNa gavesaNa attha satthamai visArae jJAtAdharmakathA, zrutaskandha 1, adhyayana 1, sUtra 15 4) IhA apoha vImaMsA, maggaNA ya gavesaNA / sannA saI maI pannA, savvaM AbhiNibohiyaM / nandIsUtra, gAthA 87, pR.230 --- 5) nandIsUtra, sUtra 41, pR. 232 6) mImAMsA prameva, pR. 3 7) a) jIvAjjaina zAsanamanAdi nidhanam / paMcAdhyAyI, 1.3 ba) mImAMsA prameva pR. 256 8) mImAMsA prameya, pR. 97, pR.109 9) mImAMsAdarzana, prastAvanA, pR.12; mImAMsA - prameya, pR. 291 se 295 10) jeNappaMti surA vi ya dhaNANi kammANusAreNaM || kummAputtacariaM 11) mImAMsA - prameya, pR. 26 12) mImAMsA - prameya, pR. 40 13) jIvAjIvAsavabandhasaMvaranirjarAmokSAstattvam / tattvArthasUtra 1.4 sandarbha-sUci 14) dhammo ahammo AgAsaM, kAlo puggalajaMtavo / esa logo tti paNNatto, jiNehiM varadaMsihiM / uttarAdhyayana 28.7 15) guNaparyAyavad dravyam / tattvArthasUtra 5.37 16) utpAdavyayIvyaduktaM sat / tattvArthasUtra 5.29 17) bhAratIya tattvajJAna, pR. 295 18) bhAratIya sAMskRtika sAhitya sAgara (pUrvamImAMsA), pR. 10 --- 19) zabdabandhasaukSmyasthaulyasaMsthAnabhedatamazchAyA''tapoddyotavantazca / tattvArthasUtra 5.24 20) mImAMsA - prameya, pR. 238, 244, 245, 266 21) IsareNa kaDe loe, pahANAi tahAvare / 30) prakaraNa paMcikA, zAlikanAtha mizra, pR. 349, 350 31) tattvArthasUtra 10.1 yAvi hotthA / jIvAjIvasamAutte, suhadukkhasamanvie / sayaMbhuNA kaDe loe, iti vRttaM mahesiNA / mAreNa saMthuyA mAyA, teNa loe asAsae / / mAhaNA samaNA ege, Aha aMDakaDe jage / aso tattamakAsI ya, ayANaMtA musaM vade / / sUtrakRtAMga (1) 1.6,7,8 22) mImAMsA - prameya, pR. 296 se 299 ; mImAMsAdarzana, pR. 13 (23) karmoM ke vivecana ke lie dekhie gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), nemicandrasiddhAntacakravartI zrI paramadhuta prabhAvakamaNDala, mumbaI, vi.saM. 1969 24) yAgapAkapratiSedhazca tadvat / mAMsapAko vihitapratiSedhaH syAd vAhutisaMyogAt / / mImAMsAdarzana, adhyAya 12, pAda 2, sUtra 2, 6 25) chAgo vA mantravarNAt / na codanAvirodhAt / / mImAMsAdarzana adhyAya 6, pAda 8, sUtra 31,32 26) Collected Research Papers in Prakrit & Jainology (Vol. 1) ; dekhie zodhalekha 'yajJa', pR. 165 se 190 27) mImAMsA - prameya, pR.62 se 85 28) jIvo uvaogalakkhaNo / nANeNaM daMsaNeNaM ca, suheNa ya duheNa ya / / uttarAdhyayana 28.10 29) zAstra dIpikA, pR. 125 3) RSibhASitasUtra saM. vinayasAgara, prAkRtabhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, 1988 : ******** **** sandarbha-grantha sUci 1) AgamasvAdhyAmAlA : sampreraka, kundakundaRSi, trilokaratna sthAnakavAsI jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa, ahamadanagara, 2002 2) uttarAdhyayanasUtra : jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), 1997 4) tattvArthasUtra : umAsvAtikRta, vivecaka, paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, 2007 5) zAtRdharmakathA akhila bhAratIya sudharma jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, jodhapura, 2011 6) bhAratIya tattvajJAna : zrInivAsa hari dIkSita, phaDake prakAzana, kolhApura, 1996 7) bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna : DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, madhyapradeza zAsana sAhitya pariSad, bhopAla, 1962
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________________ 8) bhAratIya sAMskRtika sAhitya sAgara (pUrvamImAMsA) : prAcI cikaTe, vorA aeNNDa kaMpanI pablizarsa, mumbaI, 1983 9) mImAMsA darzana : maharSi jaimini, saM.paM. zrIrAma zarmA, saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI, 1986 10) mImAMsA-prameya : DaoN. rAmaprakAza dAsa, sukRti prakAzana, naI dillI, 1988 11) mImAMsA-zAbara-bhASyam : zabarasvAmiviracita, yudhiSThira mImAMsaka, bahAlagaDha, 1977 12) sUtrakRtAMgasUtra : anuvAdaka, amolakaRSi, amola jaina jJAnAlaya, dhuliyA, 2002 **********