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________________ dvAdazAMgI kI racanA, usakA hAsa evaM Agama-lekhana AcAryapravara zrI hastImala jI ma.sA. . AcAryapravara zrI hastImala jI mahArAja ne nandIsUna dazavaikAlikasUtra, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, bRhatkalpasUtra, aMtagaDadasAsUtra praznavyAkaraNa Adi sUtroM kA vivecana kiyA hai| ve prasiddha Agama-vivecaka rhe| jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga - 2 meM unhoMne Agama-viSayaka pracura jAnakArI kA samAveza kiyA hai| usameM se hI kucha aMza kA saMkalana kara yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| yaha sAmagrI jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga-2, ke tIna sthaloM se lI gaI hai : isane vartamAna dvAdazAMgI kI racanA, usake hrAsa evaM Agama-lekhana para acchA prakAza DAlA gayA hai| -sampAdaka vartamAna dvAdazAMgI ke racayitA Arya sudharmA samasta jaina paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra tIrthakara bhagavAn apanI dezanA meM jo artha abhivyakta karate haiM, usako unake pramukha ziSya gaNadhara zAsana ke hitArtha apanI zailI meM sUtrabaddha karate haiN| ve hI bAraha aMga pratyeka tIrthakara ke zAsanakAla meM dvAdazAMgI - sUtra ke rUpa meM pracalita evaM mAnya hote haiN| dvAdazAMgI kA gaNipiTaka ke nAma se bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sUtra gaNadharakathita yA pratyekabuddha-kathita hote haiN| vaise zrutakevali - kathita aura abhinna dazapUrvI kathita bhI hote haiN| yadyapi vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke dharmazAsana meM tIrthasthApanA ke kAla meM ho gaNadharoM dvArA dvAdazAMgI kI naye sire se racanA kI jAtI hai tathApi una saba tIrthaMkaroM ke upadezoM meM jIvAdi mUla bhAvoM kI samAnatA evaM ekarUpatA rahatI hai, kyoMki artha rUpa se jainAgamoM ko anAdi anaMta arthAt zAzvata mAnA gayA hai / jaisA ki nandIsUtra ke 58 veM sUtra meM tathA samavAyAMgasUtra ke 185 veM sUtra meM kahA gayA hai " icceiyaM duvAlasaMga gaNipiDaga na kayAI nAsI, na kayAi na bhavai, na kayAi na bhavirasai. muvi ca bhavai ya bhavissai ya dhuve, niae, sAsae akkhae, avvae. avaTThie nicce / / " samaya-samaya para aMgazAstroM kA viccheda hone aura tIrthaMkarakAla meM navIna racanA ke kAraNa inheM sAdi aura saparyavasita bhI mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra dvAdazAMgI ke zAzvata aura azAzvata donoM hI rUpa zAstroM meM pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN| isa mAnyatA ke anusAra pravartamAna avasarpiNIkAla ke antima caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA caturvidha nIrtha kI sthApanA ke dina jo prathama upadeza indrabhUti Adi gyAraha gaNadharoM ko diyA gayA, bhagavAna kI usa vANI ko apane sAthI anya sabhI gaNadharoM kI taraha Arya sudharmA ne bhI dvAdazAMgI ke rUpa meM sUtrabaddha kiyaa| gyAraha gaNadharoM dvArA pRthak-pRthak svatantra rUpa se prathita bAraha hI
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________________ dvAdazAMgI kI racanA, usakA hAsa evaM Agama-lekhana 23 aMgoM meM zabdoM aura zailI kI nyUnAdhika vividhatA hone para bhI unake mUla bhAva to pUrNarUpeNa vahI the jo bhagavAna mahAvIra ne prakaTa kiye| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 11 gaNadharoM kI vAcanAoM kI apekSA se 9 gaNa the aura unakI pRthak-pRthak 9 vAcanAe~ thIM / 11 meM se 9 gaNadhara to bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa se pUrva hI mukta ho gye| kevala indrabhUti aura Arya sudharmA ye do hI gaNadhara vidyamAna rhe| unameM bhI indrabhUti gautama to prabhu kI nirvANarAtri meM hI kevalI bana gaye aura 12 varSa pazcAt Arya sudharmA ko apanA gaNa sauMpa kara nirvANa ko prApta hue| ataH Arya sudharmA ko chor3akara zeSa dazoM gaNadharoM kI ziSya paramparA aura vAcanAe~ unake nirvANa ke sAtha hI samApta ho gaI, Age nahIM cala skiiN| aisI avasthA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt unake dharmatIrtha ke uttarAdhikAra ke sAtha-sAtha bhagavAna ke samasta pravacana kA uttarAdhikAra bhI Arya sudharmA ko prApta huA aura kevala Arya sudharmA kI hI aMgavAcanA pracalita rhii| bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda kA Aja se bahuta samaya pahale viccheda ho cukA hai| Aja jo ekAdazAMgI upalabdha hai, vaha AryasudharmA kI hI vAcanA hai| isa tathya kI puSTi karane vAle aneka pramANa AgamoM meM upalabdha haiN| unameM se kucha pramANa yahA~ prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM AcArAMga sUtra ke upodghAtAtmaka prathama vAkya meM "suyaM me Ausa! teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM / " arthAt he AyuSman (jaMbU) maiMne sunA hai, una bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isa prakAra kahA hai. / isa vAkya racanA se yaha bilkula spaSTa hai ki isa vAkya kA uccAraNa karane vAlA guru apane ziSya se vahI kaha rahA hai jo svayaM usane bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mukhAravinda se sunA thA / AcArAMga sUtra kI hI taraha samavAyAMga, sthAnAMga, vyAkhyA - prajJapti Adi aMgasUtroM meM tathA uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika Adi aMgabAhya zruta meM bhI Arya sudharmA dvArA vivecya viSaya kA nirUpaNa "suyaM me Ausa! teNa bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM" isI prakAra kI zabdAvalI se kiyA gayA hai| anuttaraupapAtika sUtra, jJAtAdharma kathA Adi ke AraMbha meM aura bhI spaSTa rUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai: .. teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM rAyagihe nayare, ajja suhammassa samosaraNaM.... ...parisA paDigayA / | 2 || jaMbU jAva pajjuvAsai evaM vayAsI jaiNaM bhaMte! samaNeNaM jAva saMpatteNaM aTThamassa aMgassa aMtagaDadasANaM ayamaTThe paNNatte, navamassa NaM maMte ! aMgassa aNuttaropavAiyadasANaM samaNeNaM jAva saMpatteNa ke aThThe paNNatte | 3 || taeNa se suhamme aNagAre jaMbU aNagAraM evaM vayAsI evaM khalu jaMbU ! samaNeNaM jAva saMpatteNaM navamassa aMgassa aNuttarovavAiyadasANaM tiNNi vaggA paNNattA / / 4 / / " Arya jambU ne apane guru Arya sudharmA se samaya-samaya para aneka prazna prastuta karate hue palA- "bhagavana / zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne amaka --
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________________ 24 jinanANI-- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAr3aka aMga kA kyA artha batAyA?" apane ziSya jambU ke prazna ke uttara meM una aMgoM kA artha batAne kA upakrama karate hue Arya sudharmA kahate haiM- "AyuSman jaMbU ! amuka aMga kA jo artha bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pharamAyA, vaha maiMne svayaM ne sunA hai| una prabhu ne amuka aMga kA, amuka adhyayana kA, amuka varga kA yaha artha pharamAyA hai......" __ apane ziSya jambU ko AgamoM kA jJAna karAne kI uparivarNita paripATI sukhavipAka, duHkhavipAka Adi aneka sUtroM meM bhI parilakSita hotI hai| nAyAdhammakahAo ke prArambhika pATha se bhI yahI pramANita hotA hai ki vartamAna kAla meM upalabdha aMgazAstra Arya sudharmA dvArA gumphita kiye gaye haiN| AgamoM meM ullikhita- "una bhagavAna ne isa prakAra kahA-" isa vAkya se yaha spaSTata: prakaTa hotA hai ki ina AgamoM meM jo kucha kahA jA rahA hai usameM kiMcitmAtra bhI svakalpita nahIM, apitu pUrNarUpeNa vahI zabdabaddha kiyA gayA hai jo zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne upadeza dete samaya arthata: zrImukha se pharamAyA thaa| / kevala dhavalA ko chor3akara sabhI prAcIna digambara granthoM meM bhI yahI mAnyatA abhivyakta kI gaI hai ki artha rUpa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne upadeza diyA aura use sabhI gaNadharoM ne dvAdazAMgI ke rUpa meM prathita kiyaa| AcArya pUjyapAda devanandI ne vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM tattvArtha para sarvArthasiddhi kI racanA kI, usameM unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai ki parama acintya kevalajJAna kI vibhUti se vibhUSita sarvajJa paramarSi tIrthakara ne artharUpa se AgamoM kA upadeza diyaa| una tIrthakara bhagavAn ke atizaya buddhisampanna evaM zrutakevalI pramukha ziSya gaNadharoM ne aMga-pUrva lakSaNa vAle AgamoM (dvAdazAMgI) kI racanA kii| isI prakAra AcArya akalaMka deva (vi. 8vIM zatI) ne tattvArtha para apanI rAjavArtika TIkA meM aura AcArya vidyAnanda (vi.9vIM zatI) ne apane tattvArtha zlokavArttika meM isI mAnyatA ko abhivyakta kiyA hai ki tIrthakara AgamoM kA arthata: upadeza dete haiM aura use sabhI gaNadhara dvAdazAMgI ke rUpa meM zabdata: grathita karate haiN| dhavalA meM yaha mantavya diyA gayA hai ki Arya sudharmA ko aMgajJAna indrabhUti gautama ne diyaa| parantu zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM ke prAcIna granthoM meM kahIM isa prakAra kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| aisI dazA meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki dhavalAkAra kI yaha apanI svayaM kI navIna mAnyatA hai ! zvetAmbara AcAryoM kI hI taraha dhavalAkAra ke atirikta anya sabhI
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________________ dvAdazAMgI kI racanA, usakA hAsa evaM Agama-lekhana prAcIna digambara AcAryoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sabhI gaNadharoM ko arthata: dvAdazAMgI kA upadeza diyaa| jayadhavalA meM jaba yaha spaSTata: ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki Arya sudharmA ne apane uttarAdhikArI ziSya jambUkumAra ke sAtha-sAtha anya aneka AcAryoM ko dvAdazAMgI kI vAcanA dI thIM to yaha kalpanA dhavalAkAra ne kisa AdhAra para kI ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne arthata: dvAdazAMgI kA upadeza sudharmAdi anya gaNadharoM ko na dekara kevala indrabhUti gautama ko hI diyA ? aisI sthiti meM apanI paraMparA ke prAcIna AcAryoM kI mAnyatA ke viparIta dhavalAkAra ne jo yaha nayA mantavya rakhA hai ki Arya sudharmA ko dvAdazAMgI kA jJAna bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nahIM, apitu indrabhUti gautama ne diyA, isakA aucitya vicAraNIya hai| Upara ullikhita pramANoM se yaha nirvivAdarUpeNa siddha ho jAtA hai ki anya gaNadharoM ke samAna Arya sudharmA ne bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza ke AdhAra para dvAdazAMgI kI racanA kii| anya daza gaNadhara Arya sudharmA ke nirvANa se pUrva hI apane-apane gaNa unheM samhalA kara nirvANa prApta kara cuke the| ataH Arya sudharmA dvArA prathita dvAdazAMgI hI pracalita rahI aura Aja vartamAna meM jo ekAdazAMgI pracalita hai vaha Arya sudharmA dvArA grathita hai| zeSa gaNadharoM dvArA grathita dvAdazAMgI vIra nirvANa ke kucha hI varSoM pazcAt vilupta ho gii| dvAdazAMgI kA hrAsa evaM viccheda jisa prakAra Aja kI zramaNa paramparA Arya sudharmA kI ziSya paramparA hai usI prakAra Aja kI zrutaparamparA bhI Arya sudharmA dvArA grathita dvAdazAMgI hI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vikaTa bhavATavI ke usa pAra pahu~cAne vAlA, janma, jarA, mRtyu ke anavarata cakra se paritrANa karane vAlA, anirvacanIya zAzvata sukhadhAma mokSa kA jo prazasta patha pradarzita kiyA thA, usa muktipatha para agrasara hone vAle asaMkhya sAdhakoM ko Arya sudharmA dvArA grathita dvAdazAMgI prakAzadIpa kI taraha 2500 varSa se Aja taka patha pradarzana karatI A rahI hai| isa DhAI hajAra varSa kI sudIrgha avadhi meM bhISaNa dvAdazavArSika duSkAloM jaise prAkRtika prakopoM, sAmAjika, Arthika, dhArmika, sAMskRtika evaM rAjanaitika krAntiyoM Adi ke kuprabhAvoM se Arya sudharmA dvArA grathita dvAdazAMgI bhI pUrNata: achUtI nahIM raha paaii| ina sabake atirikta kAlaprabhAva, buddhimAndya, pramAda, zithilAcAra, sampradAyabheda, vyAmoha Adi kA ghAtaka duSprabhAva bhI dvAdazAMgI para pdd'aa| yadyapi AgamaniSNAta AcAryoM, svAdhyAyanirata zramaNa zramaNiyoM evaM jinazAsana ke hitArtha apanA sarvasva taka nyaucchAvara kara dene vAle sadgRhasthoM ne zrutazAstroM ko akSuNNa aura surakSita banAye rakhane ke liye sAmUhika tathA
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________________ * jinavANI- jainAgama - sAhitya vizeSAGka vyaktigata rUpa se samaya-samaya para prayAsa kiye, aneka bAra zramaNa- zramaNI varga aura saMgha ne ekatrita ho Agama- vAcanAe~ kIM, kintu phira bhI kAla apanI kAlI chAyA phailAne meM yena kena prakAreNa saphala hotA hI gayA / pariNAmataH uparivarNita durbhAgyapUrNa paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa dvAdazAMgI kA samaya-samaya para bar3A dAsa huaa| dvAdazAMgI kA kitanA bhAga Aja hamAre pAsa vidyamAna hai aura kitanA bhAga hama aba taka kho cuke haiM, isa prakAra kA vivaraNa prastuta karane se pUrva yaha batAnA Avazyaka hai ki mUlataH avicchinnAvasthA meM dvAdazAMgI kA AkAra-prakAra kitanA vizAla thA / isa dRSTi se Arya sudharmA ke samaya meM dvAdazAMgI kA jisa prakAra kA AkAra - prakAra thA, usako tAlikA yahA~ prastuta kI jA rahI hai| zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra dvAdazAMgI kI padasaMkhyA naMdIsUtra sama. vRtti aMga kA nAma 1. AcArAMga 2. sUtrakRtAMga 3. sthAnAMga 4. samavAyAMga 5. vyAkhyAprajJapti 6. jJAtAdharmakathA 7. upAsakadazA 8. aMtakRdazA 9. anuttaropapAtika 10 praznavyAkaraNa 11. vipAkasUtra 12. dRSTivAda 4. samavAyAMga 5. vipAkaprajJapti 6. jJAtAdharmakathA 7. upAsakAdhyayana 8. aMtakRdazAMga 9. anuttarautpAda 10 praznavyAkaraNa samavAyAMga ke anusAra 18000 36000 72000 144000 84000 saMkhyAta hajAra digambara paramparAnusAra " dvAdazAMgI kI pada, zloka evaM akSara-saMkhyA aMga kA nAma zloka saMkhyA akSara saMkhyA 1. AcArAMga 2. sUtrakRta 3. sthAnAMga pada saMkhyA 18000 36000 donchiya pendou 228000 229000 2328000 288000 saMkhyAta hajAra 20088000 SE 84000 576000 1152000 1152000 2304000 2304000 4608000 4608000 9216000 9216000 18432000 18432000 91956431187000 48395846374000 285058503000 8678.077500 216481623702000 2880518890 1773500000 2985339318852000 78484 naMdI vRtti 288000 576000 295269545184000 588539083968.00 68660893125600 2681152493432000 372745 499846400 189659188 1917520228460000 3808867eve 2012 23708116 1260283888000
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________________ dvAdazAMgI kI racanA, usakA hAsa evaM Agama-lekhana 27 11 viNakasUtrAMga 8: 0057703560. 00 :00808.865135500 12lASTavAdaga 10818 525808732427105 17185916616644. pUrvo kI padasaMkhyA pUrvanAma zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra digambara paramparAnusAra 1. utpAdapUrva eka karor3a pada eka karor3a pada 2 agrAyAgIya chiyAnave lAkha chiyAnave lAkha 3. vIryapravATa sanara lAkha sanara lAkha 4. astinAsti pravAda sATha lAkha sATha lAkha jJAnapravAda eka kama eka karor3a eka kama eka karor3a paTa 6 satyapravAda eka karor3a chaH pada eka karor3a cha: pada 7. AtmapravATa chabbIsa karor3a pada chabbIsa karor3a paTa 8. karmapravAda 1 karor3a assI hajAra 1 karoDa 80 lAkha pada 9. pratyAkhyAna pada 84 lAkha pada 84 lAkha pada 10. vidyAnuvAda 1 karoDa 10 lAkha pada 1 karoDa 10 lAkha pada 11 avaMdhya 26 karor3a paTa 26 karor3a pada 12. prANAyu 1 karoDa 56 lAkha pada 13 karor3a pada 13. kriyAvizAla 9 karor3a pada 9 karor3a pada 14. lokabindusAra sAr3he bAraha karor3a pada sAr3he bAraha karor3a pada upallikhita tAlikAoM meM aMkita dRSTivAda aura caturdaza pUrvo kI padasaMkhyA se yaha spaSTata: prakaTa hotA hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM ho paramparAoM ke AgamoM evaM Agama saMbaMdhI prAmANika granthoM meM dRSTivATa kI padasaMkhyA saMkhyAta mAnI gaI hai| zIlAMkAcArya ne sUtrakRtAMga ko TIkA meM pUrva ko anantArtha yukta batAte hue likhA hai ____"pUrva ananta artha vAlA hotA hai aura usameM vIrya kA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai| ata: usakI anantArthatA samajhanI caahie|' apane isa kathana kI puSTi meM unhoMne do gAthAe~ prastuta karate hue likhA hai... "samasta nadiyoM ke bAlukaNoM kI gaNanA kI jAya athavA sabhI samudroM ke pAnI ko hathelI meM ekatrita kara usake jalakaNoM kI gaNanA kI jAya to una bAlukaNoM tathA jalakaNoM kI saMkhyA se bhI adhika artha eka pUrva kA hogaa| isa prakAra pUrva ke artha ko anannatA hone ke kAraNa vorya kI bhI . pUrvArtha ke samAna anantatA (siddha) hotI hai| naMTI bAlAvabodha meM pratyeka pUrva ke lekhana ke lie Avazyaka masi kI jisa atula mAtrA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai usase pUrvo ke saMkhyAta pada aura anantArthayukta hone kA AbhAsa hotA hai| ye tathya yahI prakaTa karate haiM ki pUrvo kI padasaMkhyA asIma arthAt utkRSTasaMkhyeya padaparimANa kI thii|
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________________ * jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka ina saba ullekhoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki dvAdazAMgI kA pUrvakAla meM bahuta bar3A pada parimANa thA / kAlajanya mandamedhA Adi kAraNoM se usakA nirantara hrAsa hotA rhaa| AcArya kAlaka ne apane praziSya sAgara ko kabhI garva na karane kA upadeza dete hue jo dhUli kI rAzi kA dRSTAMta diyA usa dRSTAMta se sahaja hI yaha samajha meM A jAtA hai ki vastuta: dvAdazAMgI kA hAsa kisa prakAra huaa| kAlakAcArya ne apanI muTThI meM dhUli bhara kara use eka sthAna para rkhaa| phira AcArya kAlaka ne apane praziSya sAgara ko saMbodhita karate hue kahA - " vatsa ! jisa prakAra yaha dhUli kI rAzi idA eka sthAna se dUsare, dUsare se tIsare aura tIsare se cauthe sthAna para rakhane ke kAraNa nirantara kama hotI gaI hai, ThIka isI prakAra tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra se gaNadharoM ko jo dvAdazAMgI kA jJAna prApta huA thA vaha gaNadharoM se hamAre pUvavartI aneka AcAryoM ko, unase unake ziSyoM aura praziSyoM Adi ko prApta huA, vaha dvAdazAMgI kA jJAna eka sthAna se dUsare dUsare se tIsare aura isI krama meM aneka sthAnoM meM Ate-Ate nirantara hAsa ko hI prApta hotA calA AyA hai|" 34 atizaya, 35 vANI ke guNa aura ananta jJAna darzana- cAritra ke dhAraka prabhu mahAvIra ne apanI dezanA meM ananta bhAvabhaMgiyoM kI anirvacanIya evaM anupama taraMgoM se kallolita jisa zrutagaMgA ko pravAhita kiyA, use dvAdazAMgI ke rUpa meM Abaddha karane kA gaNadharoM ne yathAzakti pUrA prayAsa kiyA, para ve use nizzeSa rUpa se to Abaddha nahIM kara pAye / tadanantara Arya sudharmA se Arya jambU ne, jambU se Arya prabhava ne aura Age calakara kramaza: eka ke pazcAt dUsare AcAryoM ne apane-apane guru se jo dvAdazAMgI kA jJAna prApta kiyA usameM eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna meM Ate-Ate dvAdazAMgI ke artha ke kitanI bar3I mAtrA meM paryAya nikala gae, chUTa gae athavA vilIna ho gae, isakI kalpanA karanA bhI kaThina hai| Arya bhadrabAhu ke pazcAt (vI.ni.saM. 170) antima cAra pUrva arthataH aura Arya sthUlabhadra ke pazcAt (vI.ni.saM. 215 ) zabdataH vilupta ho ge| dvAdazAMgI ke kisa-kisa aMza kA kina-kina AcAryoM ke samaya meM hrAsa huA yaha yathAsthAna batAne kA prayAsa kiyA jaayegaa| Arya sudharmA se prApta dvAdazAMgI meM se Aja hamAre pAsa kitanA aMza avaziSTa raha gayA, yahA~ kevala yahI batAne ke lie eka tAlikA dI jA rahI haiM, jo isa prakAra haiaMga kA nAma upalabdha pATha (zloka pramANa) 2500 mUla pada saMkhyA AcArAMga 18000 sUtrakRtAMga sthAnAMga 36000 72000 mahAparijJA nAmaka 7vA~ adhyayana vilupta ho cukA hai| 2100 3770
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________________ Gk dizAmA kAracana sakA 900 samavAyAMga 144000 vyAkhyAprajJapti 288.0 0 0 (nadIsUtra) 15752 84000 (samavAyAMga) jJAtRdharmakathA samavAyAMga aura nandI 5500 isa aMga ke aneka ke anusAra saMkhyeya kathAnaka vartamAna meM upalabdha hajAra pada aura ina donoM nahIM haiN| aMgoM kI vRtti ke anusAra 576000 upAsakadazA saMkhyAta hajAra pada sama. 812 evaM naMdI ke anusAra para donoM sUtroM kI vRtti ke anusAra 1152000 aMtakRdazA saMkhyAta hajAra pada, sama. naMdI vRti ke anusAra 2304000 anuttaraupapAtikadazA saMkhyAta hajAra pada, 192 sama. naMdI vR.ke anusAra 4608000 praznavyAkaraNa saMkhyAta hajAra pada, 1300 sama evaM naMdI vR. ke samavAyAMga aura naMdI sUtra meM anusAra 9216000 praznavyAkaraNa sUtra kA jo paricaya diyA gayA hai, vaha upalabdha praznavyAkaraNa meM vidyamAna nahIM hai| vipAka sUtra saMkhyAta hajAra pada, 1216 sama. aura naMdI vR. ke anusAra 18432000 dRSTivAda saMkhyAta hajAra pada pUrvo sahita bArahavAM aMga vIra nirvANa saM.1000 meM vicchinna ho gyaa| vastusthiti yaha hai ki dvAdazAMgI kA bahuta bar3A aMza kAlaprabhAva se vilupta ho cukA hai athavA vicchinna-vikIrNa ho cukA hai| isa kramika hAsa ke uparAnna bhI dvAdazAMgI kA jitanA bhAga Aja upalabdha hai vaha anamola nidhi hai aura sAdhanA patha meM nirata mumukSuoM ke lie barAbara mArgadarzana karatA A rahA zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatA hai ki duSamA nAmaka pravartamAna paMcama Araka ke antima dina pUrvAhna kAla taka bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharmazAsana aura
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________________ jinavANI- jainAgama sAhitya vizeSAka 30 mahAvIra vANI dvAdazAMgI aMzata: vidyamAna raha kara gavyoM kA uddhAra karate rheNge| titbhogAlI meM anukrama se yaha vivaraNa diyA huA hai ki kisa-kisa aMga kA kisa-kisa samaya meM viccheda hogaa| * zrutaviccheda ke saMbaMdha meM do prakAra ke abhimata rahe haiM. isa prakAra kA AbhAsa nandIsUtra kI cUrNi se spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai| nandIsUna therAvalI kI 32 vIM gAthA kI vyAkhyA meM nandI cUrNikAra ne ina donoM prakAra ke mantavyoM kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai- " bAraha varSIya bhISaNa duSkAla ke samaya AhAra hetu idhara-udhara bhramaNa karate rahane ke phalasvarUpa adhyayana evaM punarAvartana Adi ke abhAva meM zrutazAstra kA jJAna naSTa ho gayA / punaH subhikSa hone para skaMdilAcArya ke netRtva meM zramaNa saMgha ne ekatrita ho, jisa-jisa sAdhu ko AgamoM kA jo jo aMza smaraNa thA, use suna-suna kara sampUrNa kAlika zruta ko suvyavasthita evaM susaMgaThita kiyaa| vaha vAcanA mathurA nagarI meM huI isalie use mAdhurI vAcanA aura skandilAcArya sammata thI ataH skaMdilIya anuyoga ke nAma se pukArI jAtI hai| dUsare (AcArya) kahate haiM- sUtra naSTa nahIM hue, usa durbhikSakAla meM jo pradhAna -- pradhAna anuyogadhara (zrutadhara) the, unakA nidhana ho gyaa| eka skandilAcArya bace rhe| unhoMne mathurA meM sAdhuoM ko punaH zAstroM kI vAcanAzikSA dI, ataH use mAdhurI vAcanA aura skandilIya anuyoga kahA jAtA hai| ,18 nandIcUrNi meM jo ukta do abhimatoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, una donoM prakAra kI mAnyatAoM ko yadi vAstavikatA kI kasauTI para kasA jAya to vastutaH pahalI mAnyatA hI tathyapUrNa aura ucita ThaharatI hai| "sUtra naSTa nahIM hue" isa prakAra kI jo dUsarI mAnyatA abhivyakta kI gaI hai vaha tathyoM para AdhArita pratIta nahIM hotI / dvAdazAMgI kI prArambhika avasthA ke pada-parimANa aura vartamAna meM upalabdha isake pATha kI tAlikA isakA paryApta puSTa pramANa hai| isa saMbaMdha meM vizeSa carcA kI AvazyakatA nahIM, kyoMki vartamAna meM upalabdha dvAdazAMgI kA pATha vallabhI meM huI antima vAcanA meM devarddhi kSamAzramaNa Adi AcAryoM dvArA vIra nirvANa saM. 980 meM nirdhArita kiyA gayA thaa| isa antima Agama vAcanA se 153 varSa pUrva vIra ni.saM. 827 meM, lagabhaga eka hI samaya meM do vibhinna sthAnoM para do Agama vAcanAe~, pahalI Agama vAcanA Arya skaMdila kI adhyakSatA meM mathurA meM aura dUsarI AcArya nAgArjuna ke netRtva meM, vallabhI meM ho cukI thiiN| uparivarNita dvitIya mAnyatA ke anusAra dvAdazAMgI kA mUlasvarUpa 827 varSoM taka yathAvat banA rahA ho aura kevala 153 varSoM kI avadhi meM hI itane svalpa parimANa meM avaziSTa raha gayA ho, yaha vicAra karane para svIkAra karane yogya pratIta nahIM hotaa| ---
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________________ dvAdazAMgI kI racanA, usakA hAsa evaM Agama-lekhana 31 zrutavalI AcArya bhadrabAhu ke jIvanakAla meM vIra ni.saM. 160 ke AsapAsa kI avadhi meM huI prathama Agama-vAcanA ke samaya dvAdazAMgI kA jitanA hrAsa huA, use dhyAna meM rakhate hue vicAra kiyA jAya to hameM isa kaTu satya ko svIkAra karanA hogA ki vI. ni. saM. 827 meM huI skandilIya aura nAgArjunIya vAcanAoM ke samaya taka dvAdazAMgI kA pracura mAtrA meM hrAsa ho cukA thA tathA ekAdazAMgI kA Aja jo parimANa upalabdha hai, usase koI bahuta adhika parimANa skandilIya aura nAgArjunIya vAcanAoM ke samaya meM nahIM rahA hogaa| ina saba tathyoM para vicAra karane ke pazcAt pahale prazna kA yahIM vAstavika uttara pratIta hotA hai ki kAlaprabhAva, prAkRtika prakopoM evaM anya pratikUla paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa pramukha sUtradharoM ke svargagamana ke sAtha-sAtha zruta kA bhI zanai: zanai: hrAsa hotA gayA / vallabhI pariSad kA Agama-lekhana zvetAmbara jaina sampradAya kI yaha paramparAgata evaM sarvasammata mAnyatA hai ki vartamAna meM upalabdha Agama devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa dvArA lipibaddha karavAye gaye the| lekhanakalA kA prArambha bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke samaya se mAnate hue bhI yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki AcArya devarddhi kSamAzramaNa se pUrva AgamoM kA vyavasthita lekhana nahIM kiyA gyaa| purAtana paramparA meM zAstravANI ko paramapavitra mAnane ke kAraNa usakI pavitratA ko akSuNNa banAye rakhane ke liye AgamoM ko zruta- paramparA se kaNThAgra rakhane meM hI zreya samajhA jAtA rhaa| pUrvakAla meM isIliye zAstroM kA gustakoM athavA pannoM para Alekhana nahIM kiyA gyaa| yahIM kAraNa hai ki taba taka zruta nAma se hI zAstroM kA ullekha kiyA jAtA rhaa| jaina paramparA hI nahIM vaidika paramparA meM bhI yahI dhAraNA pracalita rahI aura usI ke phalasvarUpa veda vedAMgAdi zAstroM ko zruti ke nAma se saMbodhita kiyA jAtA rhaa| jaina zramaNoM kI anArambhI manovRti ne yaha bhI anubhava kiyA ki zAstra - lekhana ke pIche bahuta sI khaTapaTeM karanI hoNgii| kAgaja, kalama, masI aura masipAtra Adi lAne, rakhane tathA samhAlane meM Arambha evaM pramAda ko vRddhi hogii| aisA soca kara hI ve lekhana kI pravRtti se bacate rhe| para jaba dekhA ki ziSyavarga kI dhAraNA-zakti uttarottara kSINa hotI calI jA rahI hai, zAstrIya pAThoM kI smRti ke abhAva se zAstroM ke pATha - parAvartana meM bhI Alasya tathA saMkoca hotA jA rahA hai, binA likhe zAstroM ko surakSita nahIM rakhA jA sakegA, zAstroM ke na rahane se jJAna nahIM rahegA aura jJAna ke abhAva meM adhikAMza jIvana viSaya, kaSAya evaM pramAda meM vyartha hI calA jAyegA, zAstra - lekhana ke dvArA paThana pAThana ke mAdhyama se jIvana meM ekAgratA
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________________ dava jinadANI- jainAgamA sAhitya vizeSAGaka bar3hAte hue pramAda ko ghaTAyA jA sakegA aura jJAna-paramparA ko bhI zatAbdiyoM taka abAdha rUpa se surakSita rakhA jA sakegA. taba zAstroM kA lekhana sampanna kiyA gayA / isa prakAra saMgha ko jJAnahAni aura pramAda se bacAne ke liye saMtoM ne zAstroM ko lipibaddha karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| jaina paramparAnusAra AryarakSita evaM Arya skandila ke samaya meM kucha zAstrIya bhAgoM kA lekhana prArambha huA mAnA gayA hai| kintu AgamoM kA suvyavasthita sampUrNa lekhana to AcArya devarddhi kSamAzramaNa dvArA vallabhI meM hI sampanna kiyA jAnA mAnA jAtA hai| devarddhi ke samaya meM kitane va kauna-kauna se zAstra lipibaddha kara liye gaye evaM unameM se Aja kitane usI rUpa meM vidyamAna haiM, pramANAbhAva meM yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 'Agama putthayalihio'' isa paramparAgata anuzruti meM sAmAnya rUpa se Agama pustaka rUpa meM likhe gaye- itanA hI kahA gayA hai| saMkhyA kA kahIM koI ullekha taka bhI upalabdha nahIM hotaa| arvAcIna pustakoM meM 84 Agama aura aneka granthoM ke pustakArUDha karane kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| naMdIsUtra meM kAlika aura utkAlika zruta kA paricaya dete hue kucha nAmAvalI prastuta kI hai| bahuta saMbhava hai devarddhi kSamAzramaNa ke samaya meM ve zruta vidyamAna hoM aura unameM se adhikAMza sUtroM kA devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ne lekhana karavA liyA ho| nandIsUtra meM aMgapraviSTa evaM aMgabAhya bheda karake aMgapraviSTa meM 12 aMgoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| aMgabAhya ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai- 1. Avazyaka evaM 2. Avazyaka vyatirikta / Avazyaka- 1. sAmAiye 2. cauvIsatthao 3. vaMdaNayaM 4. paDikkamaNaM 5. kAussaggo 6. pcckkhaannN| Avazyaka vyatirikta- 1. kAlika 2. utkaalik| pUrNa nAmAvalI isa prakAra hai aMgapraviSTa (12 aMga) 1. AyAro 2.suyagaDo 3. ThANa 4. samavAo 5. viyAhapaNNattI 6. nAyAdhammakahAo 7. uvAsagadasAo 8. aMtagaDadasAo 1. aNuttarovavAiyadasAo 10. paNhAvAgaraNAI 11. vivAga suyaM 12. diThivAo (vinchinna) 1. dasaveyAliyaM 3. cullakappasuyaM 5. uvavAiya 7. jIvAbhigama utkAlika zruta 2. kappiyAkappiyaM 4. mahAkappasuyaM 6. rAyapaseNaiya 8. pannavaNA
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________________ dvAdazAMgI kI racanA, usakA hrAsa evaM Agama-lekhana 9. mahApannavaNA 11. naMdI 13. Tevindathava 15. cadAvijjaya 17. porisimaMDala 19. vijjAcaraNaviNicchao 21. jhaNavibhattI 23. AyavisohI 25. salehaNAsu 27 caraNavihi 29. mahApa cakkhANa Adi 1. uttarajjha yaNAI 3. kappo nisIhaM 5. 7. isibhAsiyAI 9. dIvasAgarapaNNattI 11. khuDiyAvimANapavibhattI 13. aMgacUliyA 15. vivAhacUliyA 17. varuNovavAe 19. dharaNovA 21. . velaMdharovavAe 23. uThANasuyaM 25. nAgapariyAvaNiyAo 27. kappiyA 29. puphiyAo . vahidasAo 31. 1. AcArAMga 3. sthAnAMga 5. bhagavatI 7. upAsakadazAMga 10. pamAyappamAya 12. aNuogadArAI 14. taMdulaveyAliya 16. sUrapaNNatti 18. maMDalapavesa 20. gaNivijjA 22. maraNavibhattI 24. vIyarAgasuyaM 26. vihArakappo 28. AurapaJcakkhANa kAlika zruta 2. dasAo 4. bavahAro 6. mahAnisIha 8. jaMbUdIvapaNNattI 10. caMdapaNNattI 12. mahalliyAvimANapavibhattI 14. vaggacUliyA 16. aruNocavAe 18. garulovavAe 20. samovavA 22. devindovavAe 24. samuTThANasuya 26. nirayAvaliyAo 28. kappavaDaMsiyA 30. pupphacUliyAo isa prakAra kula 78 zruta batAye gaye haiN| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA dvArA vartamAna meM 45 Agama mAne jAte hai. para sthAnakavAsI aura terApantha paramparA meM 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 4 mUla, 4 cheda aura 1 Avazyaka isa prakAra 32 zAstroM ko prAmANika mAnate haiM / 45 sUtroM kI saMkhyA isa prakAra hai 11 aMga 2. sUtrakRtAMga 4. samavAyAMga 6. jJAtAdharmakathAMga 8. aMtakRtadazAMga 33
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________________ 134 Hindi - jinavANI- jainAgama sAhitya vizeSAGka 5. anutaraupapAtikadazAMga 10. praznavyAkaraNa 11 vipAka zruta 12 upAMga 1. aupapAtika 2. rAjapraznIya 3. jIvAbhigama 4. prajJApanA 5. jambUdvIpaprajJapti 6. candraprajJapti 7. sUryaprajJapti 8.kAlpakA 5. kalpAvataMsikA 10. puSpikA 11 puSpacUlikA 12 vRSNidazA 10 prakIrNaka 1. catuzzaraNa prakIrNaka 2. Atura pratyAkhyAna 3. bhakta pratyAkhyAna 4. saMstAra prakIrNaka 5. taMdula vaicArika 6. candravidyaka/ candavedhyaka 7. devendrastava 8. gaNividyA 9 mahApratyAkhyAna 10. maraNasamAdhi 6 chedasUtra 1 . nizItha 2. vyavahAra 3. bRhatkalpa 4. dazAzrutaskandha 5. mahAnizItha 6. jItakalpa 4 mUlasUtra 1. dazavaikAlika sUtra 2. anuyogadvAra 3. uttarAdhyayana . 4. nandIsUtra 2 cUlikA 1. oghaniyukti 2. piNDaniyukti kucha lekhaka nandI aura anuyogadvAra sUtra ko cUlikA mAnate haiM aura opaniyukti evaM piNDaniyukti ko eka mAnakara AvazyakasUtra ko bhI mUlasUtroM meM ginate haiN| 1 Avazyaka 1. Avazyaka sUtra inameM se 10 prakIrNaka, aMtima 2 chedasUtra aura 2 cUlikAoM ke atirikta 32 sUtroM ko sthAnakavAsI evaM terApaMtha sampradAya mAnya karatI haiN| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya 45 ko prAmANika svIkAra karatI hai| usa sthiti meM oghaniyukti evaM piNDaniyukti ko eka sUtra ke rUpa meM sammilita kara liyA jAtA hai| nadIsUtra-gata kAlika utkAlika sUtroM kI tAlikA meM 10 meM se 4 prakIrNaka, 2 chedasUtra evaM 2 cUlikAe~ (oniyukti, piNDaniyukti) nahIM haiM aura RSibhASita kA nAma jo ki naMdIsUtra kI tAlikA meM hai, vaha vartamAna 45
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________________ 35 dvAdazAMgI kI racanA, usakA hAsa evaM Agama-lekhana AgamoM kI saMkhyA meM nahIM hai| saMbhava hai 44-45 Agama aura jyotiSakaraMDaka Adi vIra ni.saM. 980 meM huI vallabhI pariSad meM likhe gaye ho / vidvAna itihAsajJa purAtana sAmagrI ke AdhAra para isa saMbaMdha meM gambhIratApUrvaka gaveSaNA kareM to sahI tathya prakaTa ho sakatA hai| spaSTIkaraNa mulasUtroM kI saMkhyA aura krama ke saMbaMdha meM vibhinna mAnyatAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN| kucha vidvAnoM ne 3 mUlasUtra mAne haiM to kahIM 4 kI saMkhyA upalabdha hotI hai| krama kI dRSTi se uttarAdhyayana ko pahalA sthAna dekara phira Avazyaka aura dazavaikAlika batAyA gayA hai jabaki dUsarI ora uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika aura AvazyakasUtra isa prakAra mUlasUtroM kI saMkhyA tIna kI gaI hai| piNDaniryukti tathA kahIM-kahIM piNDaniryukti aura oghaniyukti ko saMyukta mAna kara cAra kI saMkhyA mAnI gayI hai| sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke anusAra Avazyaka aura piNDaniryukti ke sthAna para naMdI aura anuyogadvAra ko milA kara cAra mUla sUtra mAne gaye haiN| jabaki dUsarI paramparA nandI aura anuyogadvAra ko cUlikA sUtra ke rUpa meM mAnya karatI hai| saMdarbha 1 atthaM nAsai arahA, sutaM gathati gaNaharA niuNa / sAsaNassa hiyaTThAe, tao sutaM pavanai || (A. niyukti, gA. 192, dhavalA bhA. 1, pR. 64,72) duvAlasaMge gaNipiDage" (samavAyAgasUtra 1 va 136, naMdI. 40) 3. suttaM gaNaharakathidaM taheva patteyabuddhakathidaM naH 2. sukevaNi kathidaM, abhiNasapuSvakathidaM ca / / 4 / / (mUlAcAra, 5-80 ) 4. icceiya duvAlasaMga gaNipiDaMga icchittinayaTThAe sAiya sapajjavasiyaM, avucchininayaTTAe aNAiyaM apajjavasiyaM / / (nandIsUtra, sUtra 42) "teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM ajja suhAgarasa aNagArassa jeDle aMtevAsI ajja jaMbU, nAme agAre.. ..ajja muhammassa therasma naccAsanne nAiTUre,. viNaNaM pajjuvAramA evaM kyAsI jaiNaM bhaMte samANaM bhagavayA mahAvIreNaM. ..paMcagarasa aMgassa ayama paNNane chaTTha NaM bhaMte! nAyadhammakahANaM ke kaTThe paNate? jaMbUtti ajjasuha there ajja jaba nAmaM agara evaM vayAsI. (nAyAzranmakahAo 1 - 5) 6. tatra sarvajJena paravarSiNA paramAcintyakevalajJAna-vibhUtivizeSeNa arthata Agama uddiSTaH tasya lakSAt ziSyaiH buddhayatizayarddhiyuktaiH gaNadharai: zrutakevalibhiranusmRtagrantharacanamaMaMgapUrvalakSaNam / (sarvArthasiddhi 1 -20 ) 7. buddhayatizayadriyuktai gaMNadharairanusmRtagrantharacanam - AcArAdi dvAdazavidhamaMgapraviSTa mucyate / (rAjavArtika 1 - 2012, pR. 72) 8. (ka) tasyapyarthata: sarvajJavItarAgakannasiddheH arhadubhASitA devaiH prathitam 5. "
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________________ 136. . jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka| iti vacanAta (nattvArtharalokavArtika, pR.6 (kha) dravya zrutaM hi dvAdazAMgavacanAtmakamAptopadeza rUpameva, tadarthajJAna tu bhAvazrutaM, tadubhayamapi maNavaradevAnAM bhagavadarhatsarvajJavacanAnizayaprasAdAt svamatizrutajJAnAvaragavIryAntaraNyakSayopazamAtizayAcca utpadyamAnaM kathamAntAyattaM na bhavet ? (tatvArthazlokavArtika) 5. tadivase neva suhammAiriyo jaMbUsAnIyAdI maNeyAganAiriyA vakhaNiTuvAlasaMgo bAina uskakhayena kevalI jATo : (jayavala, pR.84) 10.aMgapagapatti 11. digambara paramparA meM 11 veM pUrva kA nAma kalyANa hai| 12. zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra pUrvo kI uparyukna padasaMkhyA samavAyAMga evaM nandIvRtni ke AdhAra para tathA digambara paramparAnusAra padasaMkhyA dhavalA, jayadhavalA, gommaTasAra evaM aMga paNNati ke anusAra dI gaI hai| (sampATaka) 13. yato'nantArza pUrva bhavati, tatra ca vIryameva pratipAddate, anannArthatA cAto'vaganantavyA tadyathA salanaINaM jA hojja bAluyA gaNaNamAgayA sntii| tatto bahuyatarAgo, essasa attho punassa / 1 / / salasamuhAjalaM, jai patthamiyaM havijja sNkliy| eto bahuyatarAgo, attho egassa puvvss||2|| tadeva parvArthasyAna tyAdrIyasya tadartha lvAdanantatA viirysyeti| sUtrakRtAga, (voryAdhikAra) zIlAMkAcAryakRtA TIkA, A. zrI javAharalAla jI ma. dvArA saMpAdita, pR. 335) 14. naMdIsUtra (dhanapatisiMha dvArA prakAzita) pR. 482-84 15. do lakkhA aTThAsII payasahassAI payAraNaM.... (naMdI, pR. 4.0 8., raya dhanapatisiMha) 16. caurAsIDapayasahassAI payaggeNa paNAlA....(samavAyAMga, pR.179a, rAya dhanapatisiMha) 17 titthogAlo etthaM vattanvA hoI aannpvviie| je tassa u aMgassa, vando jahiM vigittttho|| vyA. bhA. 10.784 18. naMdIcUrNi, pR. 9 (puNyavijayajI ma. drArA saMpAdita)