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________________ digambara jaina purANa sAhitya paM. pannAlAlajI jaina, sAhityAcArya, sAgara bhAratIya dharmagraMthoM meM purANa zabda kA prayoga itihAsa ke sAtha AtA hai| kitane hI logoM ne itihAsa aura purANa ko paJcama veda mAnA hai| cANakya ne apane arthazAstra meM itihAsa kI gaNanA atharvaveda meM kI hai aura itihAsa meM itivRta, purANa, AkhyAyikA, udAharaNa, dharmazAstra tathA arthazAstra kA samAveza kiyA hai isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki itihAsa aura purANa donoM hI vibhinna haiM / itivRta kA ullekha samAna hone para bhI donoM apanI vizeSatA rakhate haiM / koSakAroM ne purANa kA lakSaNa nimna prakAra mAnA hai jisameM sarga, pratisarga, vaMza, manvantara aura vaMza paramparAoM kA varNana ho vaha purANa hai| sarga pratisarga Adi purANa ke pAMca lakSaNa haiM / itivRtta kevala ghaTita ghaTanAoM kA ullekha karatA hai; parantu purANa mahApuruSoM kI ghaTita ghaTanAoM ullekha karatA huA unase prApya phalAphala, puNya-pApa kA bhI varNana karatA hai, tathA sAtha hI vyakti ke caritra nirmANa kI apekSA bIca bIca meM naitika aura dhArmika bhAvanAoM kA bhI pradarzana karatA hai| itivRtta meM kevala vartamAna kAlika ghaTanAoM kA ullekha rahatA hai, paraMtu purANa meM nAyaka ke atIta anAgata bhAvoM kA bhI ullekha rahatA hai aura vaha isaliye ki janasAdhAraNa samajha sakeM ki mahApuruSa kaise banA jA sakatA hai ? avanata se unnata banane ke liye kyA kyA tyAga aura tapasyAeM karanI paDatI hai ? manuSya ke jIvana-nirmANa meM purANa kA baDA hI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki usameM janasAdhAraNa kI zraddhA Aja bhI yathApUrva akSuNNa hai| jainetara samAja kA purANasAhitya bahuta vistRta hai| vahAM 18 purANa mAne gaye haiM jinake nAma nimna prakAra hai 1 matsya purANa, 2 mArkaNDeya purANa, 3 bhAgavata purANa, 4 bhaviSya purANa, 5 brahmANDa purANa, 6 brahmavaivarta purANa, 7 brAhma purANa, 8 vAmana purANa, 9 varAha purANa, 10 viSNu purANa, 11 vAyu va ziva purANa, 12 agni purANa, 13 nArada purANa, 14 padma purANa, 15 liGga purANa, 16 garUDa purANa, 17 kUrma purANa aura 18 skanda purANa / ye aThAraha mahApurANa kahalAte haiN| inake sivAya garuDapurANa meM 18 upapurANoM kA bhI ullekha AyA hai jo ki nimna prakAra hai--1 sanatkumAra, 2 nArasiMha, 3 skAnda, 4 zivadharma, 5 Azcarya, 6 nAradIya, 7 kApila, 8 vAmana, 9 ozanasa, 10 brahmANDa, 11 vAruNa, 12 kAlikA, 13 mAhezvara, 14 sAmba, 15 saura, 16 parIzara, 17 mArIca aura 18 bhArgava / 182
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________________ sAhitya digambara jaina ! purANa 183 devI bhAgavata meM uparyukta skanda, vAmana brahmANDa, mArIca aura bhArgava ke sthAna meM kramazaH ziva, mAnava, Aditya, bhAgavata aura vAsiSTha ina nAmoM kA ullekha AyA hai / I ina mahApurANoM aura upapurANoM ke sivAya anya bhI gaNeza, maudgala, devI, kalkI, Adi aneka purANa upalabdha haiM / ina saba ke varNanIya viSayoM kA bahuta hI vistAra hai / kitane hI itihAsajJa logoM kA abha hai - Adhunika purANoM kI racanA prAyaH isavIya san 300 se 800 ke bIca meM huI hai / jaisA ki jainetara sAhitya meM purANoM aura upapurANoM kA vibhAga milatA hai vaisA jaina sAhitya meM nahIM pAyA jAtA hai / phira bhI saMkhyA kI dRSTi se yadi vicAra kiyA jAve to caubIsa tIrthaMkara, 12 cakravartI, 9 nArAyaNa, 9 pratinArAyaNa aura 9 balabhadroM kI apekSA jaina sAhitya meM bhI purANoM kI saMkhyA bahuta hai / parantu jaina sAhitya meM ina saba ke purANoM kA saMmilita rIti se hI saMkalana milatA hai| jaina samAja meM jo bhI purANa sAhitya upalabdha hai vaha apane DhaMga kA nirAlA hai| jahAM anya purANakAra itivRtta kI yathArthatA surakSita nahIM rakha sake haiM vahA jaina - purANakAroM ne itivRtta kI yathArthatA ko adhika surakSita rakhA hai / isIliye Aja ke niSpakSa vidvAnoM kA yaha spaSTa mata hai ki hameM prAkkAlIna bhAratIya paristhiti ko jAnane ke liye jaina purANoM se unake kathA-granthoM se jo sahAyya prApta hotA hai vaha anya purANoM se nahIM / yahA maiM kucha digambara jaina purANoM kI sUcI de rahA hUM jisase jaina samAja samajha sake ki abhI - hamane kitane camakate hue hIre tijoDiyoM meM banda kara rakkhe haiM yaha sUcI paM. paramAnandajI zAstrI se prApta huI hai / purANa nAma 1 padma purANa - padma carita 2 mahA purANa (Adi purANa) 3 uttara purANa 4 ajita purANa 5 Adi purANa (kannaDa) 6 7 "" 8 uttara purANa 9 karNAmRta purANa 10 jayakumAra purANa 11 candraprabha purANa 12 cAmuNDa purANa (kannaDa) 13 dharmanAtha purANa (ka) " kartA raviSeNa jinasena guNabhadra aruNamaNi kavi paMpa bha. candrakIrti bha. sakalakIrti 35 kezavasena bra. kAmarAja kavi agAdeva cAmuNDarAya kavi bAhubalI racanA saMvata 705 navIM zatI 10 vI zatI 1716 17 vI zatI 15 vI zatI 5 1688 1555 zaka 980
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________________ racanA saMvata 1575 17 vI zatI 1656 15-16 zatI 17 vI zatI 15-16 zatI 1608 1657 1658 A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha purANa nAma kartA 14 neminAtha purANa bra. nemidatta 15 padmanAtha purANa bha. zubhacandra 16 pauma cariya (apabhraMza) caturmukha deva svayaMbhU deva padma purANa bha. somasena bha. dharmakIrti - , (apabhraMza) kavi raidhU bha. candrakIrti brahma jinadAsa 23 pANDava purANa bha. zubhacandra ,, (apabhraMza) bha. yazakIrti bha. zrIbhUSaNa vAdicandra pArzva purANa (apabhraMza) padmakIrti kavi raidhu candrakIrti vAdicandra 31 mahA purANa AcArya maliSeNa , (apabhraMza) mahAkavi puSpadanta 33 mallinAtha purANa (ka) kavi nAgacandra 34 purANasAra zrIcandra 35 mahAvIra purANa kavi asaga 36 bha, sakalakIrti 37 mallinAtha purANa 38 munisuvrata purANa brahma kRSNadAsa bha. surendra kIrti 40 vAgarthasaMgraha purANa kavi parameSThI 41 zAntinAtha purANa kavi asaga bha. zrIbhUSaNa 43 zrI purANa bha. guNabhadra 15-16 zatI 1654 1658 1104 910 15 vI zatI 10 vI zatI 1659
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________________ 185 digambara jaina purANa sAhitya purANa nAma kartA racanA saMvata 44 harivaMza purANa punnATasaMghIya jinasena zakasaMvata 705 (vi. saM. 840) ,, (apabhraMza) svayaMbhU deva caturmukha deva bra. jinadAsa 15-16 zatI (apabhraMza) bha. yazakIrti 1507 bha. zrutakIrti 1552 (apabhraMza) kavi raidhU 15-16 zatI bha. dharmakIrti 1671 kavi rAmacandra 1560 ke pUrva ___inake atirikta carita grantha haiM jinakI saMkhyA purANoM kI saMkhyA se adhika hai aura jinameM 'varAGga carita', 'jinada carita', 'jasadara cariU', 'NAyakumAra cariu ' Adi kitane mahattvapUrNa grantha sammilita haiN| purANoM kI ukta sUci meM raviSeNa kA padmapurANa, jinasena kA mahApurANa, guNabhadra kA uttara purANa aura punnATasaMghIya jinasena kA harivaMza purANa sarvazreSTha purANa kahe jAte haiN| inameM purANa kA pUrNa lakSaNa ghaTita hotA hai| inakI racanA purANa aura kAvya donoM kI zailI se kI gaI hai, inakI apanI-apanI vizeSatAe~ haiM jo adhyayana ke samaya pAThaka kA citta apanI ora balAt AkRSTa kara letI hai| jaina purANoM kA udgama : yati vRSabhAcAryane 'tiloya paNNatti' ke caturtha adhikAra meM tIrthaMkaroM ke mAtA pitA ke nAma, janma nagarI, pancakalyANaka tithi antarAla, Adi kitanI hI Avazyaka vastuoM kA saMkalana kiyA hai| jAna paDatA hai ki hamAre vartamAna purANakAroM ne adhikAMza usa AdhAra ko dRSTigata rakhakara purANoM kI racanAeM kI haiN| purANoM meM adhikatara tresaTha zalAkA puruSoM kA caritra citraNa hai| prasaMgavaza anya puruSoM kA bhI caritra citraNa huA hai| ___ ina purANoM kI khAsa vizeSatA yaha hai ki inameM yadyapi kAvya zailI kA Azraya liyA gayA hai tathApi itivRtta kI prAmANikatA kI ora paryApta dRSTi rakhI gaI hai| udAharaNa ke lie 'rAmacarita' le lijie / rAmacarita para prakAza DAlanevAlA eka grantha 'vAlmIki rAmAyaNa' hai aura dUsarA grantha raviSeNa kA 'padmacarita' hai| donoM kA tulanAtmaka dRSTi se adhyayana karane para isakA tatkAla spaSTa anubhava hotA hai ki vAlmIki ne kahAM kRtrimatA lAI hai| zrI DaoNkTara harisatya bhaTTAcArya, em. e., pIec. DI. ne 'paurANika jaina itihAsa' zIrSaka se eka lekha 'varNI abhinandana grantha ' meM diyA hai usameM unhoMne jagaha jagaha 24
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________________ A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha ghoSita kiyA hai ki amuka viSaya meM jaina mAnyatA satya hai| jainAcAryoM ne strI yA puruSa jisakA bhI caritra citraNa kiyA hai vaha usa vyakti ke antasthala ko sAmane rakha dene vAlA hai| isa saMdarbha meM jinasena ke mahApurANa, guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa, raviSeNa ke padmapurANa aura punnATasaMghIya jinasena ke harivaMza purANa para kucha prakAza DAlanA Avazyaka jAna paDatA hai mahApurANa __ mahApurANa ke do khaNDa haiM, prathama AdipurANa yA pUrvapurANa aura dvitIya uttara purANa | AdipurANa 47 paryoM meM pUrNa huA hai jisake 42 parva pUrNa tathA 43 ve parva ke 3 zloka bhagavajjinasenAcArya ke dvArA nirmita haiM aura avaziSTa 5 parva tathA uttara purANa zrI jinasenAcArya ke pramukha ziSya zrIguNabhadrAcArya ke dvArA viracita hai| AdipurANa, purANakAla ke sandhikAla kI racanA hai ataH yaha na kevala purANa grantha hai apitu kAvya grantha bhI hai, kAvya hI nahIM mahAkAvya hai| mahAkAvya ke jo lakSaNa haiM ve saba isameM prasphuTita haiM / zrIjinasenAcArya ne prathama parva meM kAvya aura mahAkAvya kI carcA karate hue nimnAGkita bhAva prakaTa kiyA hai 'kAvya svarUpa ke jAnanevAle vidvAn , kavi ke bhAva athavA kArya ko kAvya kahate haiM / kavi kA yaha kAvya sarva sammata artha se sahita, grAmyadoSa se rahita, alaMkAra se yukta aura prasAda Adi guNoM se suzobhita hotA hai| 'kitane hI vidvAn artha kI sundaratA ko vANI kA alaMkAra kahate haiM aura kitane hI padoM kI sundaratA ko / kintu hamArA mata hai ki artha aura pada donoM kI sundaratA hI vANI kA alaMkAra hai'| 'sajjana puruSoM kA jo kAvya alaMkArasahita zRGgArAdi rasoM se yukta, saundarya se ota prota aura uddiSTatArahita arthAt maulika hotA hai vaha sarasvatI devI ke mukha ke samAna AcaraNa karatA hai| jisa kAvya meM na to rIti kI ramaNIyatA hai, na padoM kA lAlitya hai, aura na rasa kA hI pravAha hai use kAvya nahIM kahanA cAhiye, vaha to kevala kAnoM ko duHkha denevAlI grAmINa bhASA hI hai / jo aneka arthoM ko sUcita karanevAle padavinyAsa se sahita, manohara rItiyoM se yukta evaM spaSTa artha se udbhAsita prabandhoM mahAkAvyoM kI racanA karate haiM ve mahAkavi kahalAte haiN| ___ 'jo prAcIna kAla se sambandha rakhane vAlA ho, jisameM tIrthaMkara 'cakravartI Adi mahApuruSoM ke caritra kA citraNa kiyA gayA ho tathA jo dharma, artha aura kAma ke phalako dikhAne vAlA ho use mahAkAvya kahate haiM / ' _ 'kisI eka prakaraNa ko lekara kucha zlokoM kI racanA to sabhI kara sakate haiM parantu pUrvApara kA sambandha milAte hue kisI prabandha kI racanA karanA kaThina kArya hai"| 1 parva 1, zloka 94-105 /
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________________ 187 digambara jaina purANa sAhitya 'jaba ki saMsAra meM zabdoM kA samUha ananta hai, varNanIya viSaya apanI icchA ke adhIna hai, isa spaSTa hai aura uttamottama chanda sulabha hai taba kavitA karane meM daridratA kyA hai ? ' / ' 'vizAla zabda mArga meM bhramaNa karatA huA jo kavi artharUpI saghana banoM meM ghUmane se kheda khinnatA ko prApta huA hai use vizrAma ke liye mahAkAvyarUpa vRkSoM kI chAyA kA Azraya lenA caahiye| 'pratibhA jisakI jaDa hai, mAdhurya, oja, prasAda Adi guNa jisakI zAkhAeM haiM aura uttama zabda hI jisake ujvalapane hai aisA yaha mahAkAvya rUpI vRkSa yazarUpI puSpamaMjarI ko dhAraNa karatA hai'| 'athavA buddhi hI jisake kinAre hai, prasAda Adi guNa hI jisakI lahareM haiM, jo guNarUpI ratno se bharA huA hai, ucca aura manohara zabdoM se yukta hai, tathA jisameM guru ziSya paramparA rUpa vizAla pravAha calA A rahA hai aisA yaha mahAkAvya samudra ke samAna AcaraNa karatA hai'|'. 'he vidvAn puruSoM ? tuma loga Upara kahe hue kAvyarUpI rasAyana kA bharapUra upayoga karo jisase ki tumhArA yazarUpI zarIra kalpAnta kAla taka sthira raha ske'| __ 'ukta uddharaNoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki grantha kartA kI kevala purANa racanA meM utanI AsthA nahIM hai jitanI ki kAvya kI rIti se likhe hue purANa meM dharmakathA meM kevala kAvya meM bhI granthakartA kI AsthA vahI mAlUma hotI, use ve sirpha kautukAvaha racanA mAnate hai / usa racanA se kAma hI kyA, jisase prANi kA antastala vizuddha na ho ske| unhoMne pIThikA meM Adi purANa ko 'dharmAnubandhinI kathA' kahA hai aura baDI dRr3hatA ke sAtha prakaTa kiyA hai ki 'jo puruSa yazarUpI dhana kA saMcaya aura puSparUpI paNya kA vyavahAra-lena dena karanA cAhate haiM unake liye dharmakathA ko nirUpaNa karanevAlA yaha kAvya mUladhana ke samAna mAnA gayA hai| vAstava meM Adi purANa saMskRta sAhitya kA eka anupama ratna hai| aisA koI viSaya nahIM hai jisakA isameM pratipAdana na ho| yaha purANa hai, mahAkAvya hai, dharmakathA hai, dharmazAstra hai, rAjanItizAstra hai, AcAra zAstra hai aura yuga kI Adya vyavasthA ko batalAne vAlA mahAn itihAsa hai| yuga ke Adi puruSa zrI bhagavAn vRSabhadeva aura unake prathama samrAT bharata cakravartI Adi purANa ke pradhAna nAyaka haiN| inhoMse saMparka rakhane vAle anya kitane hI mahApuruSoM kI kathAoM kA bhI isameM samAveza huA hai / pratyeka kathAnAyaka kA carita citraNa itanA sundara huA hai ki vaha yathArthatA kI paridhi ko na lAMghatA huA bhI hRdayagrAhI mAlUma hotA hai| hare bhare vana, vAyu ke manda manda jhauke se thirakatI huI puSpita pallavita latAe~, kalakala karatI huI saritAeM, praphulla-kamalodbhAsita sarovara, utuGga girimAlAeM, pahADI nirjhara, bijalI se zobhita zAmala ghanaghaTAe~, cahakate hue~ pakSI, prAcI meM sindurasa kI aruNiyA ko vikheranevAlA sUryodaya aura lokalocanAlhAdakArI-candrodaya Adi prAkRtika padArthoM kA citraNa kavi ne jisa cAturya se kiyA hai vaha hRdaya meM bhArI AlhAda kI udbhUti karatA hai|
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________________ A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha tRtIya parva meM caudahaveM kulakara zrI nAbhirAja ke samaya gagaNAGgaNa meM sarva prathama ghanaghaTA chAI huI dikhatI hai, usameM bijalI camakatI hai, manda manda garjanA hotI hai, sUrya kI sunahalI razmiyoM ke samparka se usameM raMgabiraMge indradhanuSa dikhAI dete haiM, kabhI manda, kabhI madhyama, aura kabhI tIvra varSA hotI hai, pRthivI jalamaya ho jAtI haiM, mayUra nRtya karane lagate haiM, cira santapta cAtaka saMtoSa kI sAMsa lete haiM aura pravRSTa vAridhArA vasudhA tala meM vyAkIrNa ho jAtI haiM / 188 isa prAkRtika sauMdarya kA varNana kavi ne jisa sarasatA aura saralatA ke sAtha kiyA hai vaha eka adhyayana kI vastu hai / anya kaviyoM ke kAvya meM Apa yahI bAta kliSTa - buddhigamya zabdoM se pariveSTita pAte hai aura isI kAraNa sthUla paridhAna se AvRta kAminI ke saundarya kI bhrAMti vahAM prakRti kA saundarya apane rUpa meM prasphuTita nahIM ho pAtA hai parantu yahAM kavi sarala zabdavinyAsa se prakRti kI prAkRtika suSamA paridhAnAvRta nahIM ho sakI hai kintu sUkSma - mahInavastrAvali se suzobhita kisI sundarI ke gAtra kI avadAna AbhA kI bhAMtI atyanta prasphuTita huI hai / zrImatI aura vajrajaMgha ke bhogopabhogoM kA varNana bhogabhUmi kI bhavyatA kA vyAkhyAna, marudevI gAtra kI garimA, zrI bhagavAn vRSabhadeva ke janma kalyANaka kA dRzya, abhiSeka kAlIna jala kA vistAra, kSIra samudra kA saundarya, bhagavAn kI bAlyakrIDA, pitA nAbhirAja kI preraNA se yazodA aura sunandA ke sAtha vivAha karanA, rAjyapAlana, karmabhUmi kI racanA, nIlAMjanA ke vilaya kA nimitta pAkara cAra hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSA dhAraNa karanA, chaha mAha kA yoga samApta honepara AhAra ke liye lagAtAra chaha mAha taka bhramaNa karanA, hastinApura meM rAjA somaprabha aura zreyAMsa ke dvArA ikSurasa kA AhAra diyA jAnA, tapolInatA, nami vinami kI rAjya prArthanA, samUce sarga meM vyApta nAnA vRttamaya vijayArdhagiri kI sundaratA, bhArata kI digvijaya, bharata bAhubalI kA yuddha, rAjanIti kA upadeza, brAhmaNa varNa kI sthApanA, sulocanA kA svayaMvara, jayakumAra aura arka kIrti kA adbhuta yuddha, Adi Adi viSayoM ke sarasa sAlaMkAra - pravAhAnvita varNana meM kavi jo kamAla kiyA hai usase pAThaka kA hRdayamayUra sahasA nAca uThatA hai / barabasa mukha se nikalane lagatA hai| dhanya mahAkavi dhanya ! garbha kAlika varNana ke samaya SaTkumArikAo aura maru devI ke bIca praznottara rUpa meM kavi ne jo prahelikA tathA citrAlaMkAra kI chaTA dikhalAyI hai vaha Azcarya meM DAlanevAlI vastu hai / yadi AcArya jinasena bhagavAn kA stavana karane baiThate haiM to itane tanmaya hue dikhate haiM ki unheM samaya kI avadhi kA bhI bhAna nahIM rahatA aura eka-do - nahIM aSTottara hajAra nAmoM se bhagavAn kA suyaza gAte haiM / unake aise stotra Aja sahasra nAma stotra ke nAma se prasiddha haiM / ve samavazaraNa kA varNana karate haiM to pAThaka aura zrotA donoM ko aisA vidita hone lagatA hai mAnoM hama sAkSAta samavazaraNa kA hI darzana kara rahe haiM / caturbhedAtmaka dhyAna ke varNana se pUrA bharA huA hai| usake adhyayana se aisA lagane lagatA hai ki mAnoM aba mujhe zukladhyAna honevAlA hI hai aura mere samasta karmoM kI nirjarA hokara mokSa prApta huA hI cAhatA hai / bharata cakravartI kI digvijaya kA varNana paDhate samaya aisA lagane lagatA hai ki jaise maiM gaMgA, siMdhu, vijayArdha, vRSabhAcala aura dIpAcala Adi kA sAkSAt avalokana kara rahA hUM /
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________________ digambara jaina purANa sAhitya bhagavAn AdinAtha jaba brAhmI sundarI putriyoM aura bharata bAhubalI Adi putroM ko lokakalyANakArI vividha vidyAoM kI zikSA dete hai taba aisA pratIta hotA hai mAnoM eka sundara vidyAmaMdira hai aura usameM zikSaka ke sthAnapara niyukta bhagavAn ziSya maNDalI ko zikSA de rahe haiM / kalpavRkSoM ke naSTa ho jAne se trasta mAnava samAja ke liye jaba bhagavAn sAntvanA dete hue SaTkarma kI vyavasthA bhArata bhUmipara pracalita karate haiM, deza, pradezanagara, sva aura svAmi Adi kA vibhAga karate haiM taba aisA jAna paDatA hai ki bhagavAn saMtrasta mAnava samAja kA kalyANa karane ke liye svarga se avatIrNa hue divyAvatAra hI hai / garbhAnvaya, dIkSAnvaya, kanvaya Adi kriyAoM kA upadeza dete hue bhagavAn jahAM janakalyANakArI vyavahAra dharma kA pratipAdana karate haiM vahAM saMsAra kI mAyA mamatA se virakta kara isa mAnava ko parama nirvRti kI ora jAne kA bhI unhoMne upadeza diyA hai samrAT bharata digvijaya ke bAda Azrita rAjAoM ko jisa rAjanIti kA upadeza dete haiM vaha kyA kama gaurava kI bAta hai ? yadi Aja ke jananAyaka usa nIti ko apanA kara prajA kA pAlana kareM to yaha niHsaMdeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki sarvatra zAnti chA jAve aura azAnti ke kAle bAdala kabhI ke kSata-vikSata ho jAveM / antima parvoM meM guNabhadrAcArya ne jo zrIpAla Adi kA varNana kiyA hai usameM yadyapi kavitva kI mAtrA kama hai tathApi pravAhabaddha varNana zailI pAThaka ke manako vismaya meM DAla detI hai / kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jinasenasvAmI aura unake ziSya guNabhadrAcArya ne isa mahApurANa ke nirmANa meM jo kauzala dikhAyA hai vaha anya kaviyoM ke liye IrSyA kI vastu hai / yaha mahApurANa jaina purANa sAhitya kA ziromaNi hai / isameM sabhI anuyogoM kA vistRta varNana hai / AcArya jinasena se uttaravartI granthakAroM ne ise baDI zraddhA kI dRSTi se dekhA hai / Age calakara yaha ' ArSa ' nAma se prasiddha huA hai aura jagaha jagaha ' taduktaM / ArSe ina zabdoM ke sAtha isake zloka uddhRta milate haiM / isake pratipAdya viSaya ko dekhakara yaha kahA 9 jA sakatA hai ki jo anyatra granthoM meM pratipAdita hai vaha isameM pratipAdita hai, jo isa meM pratipAdita nahIM hai| vaha kahIM bhI pratipAdita nahIM hai / 182 jinasenAcArya ne pIThikAbandha meM jayasena guru kI stuti ke bAda paramezvara kavi kA ullekha kiyA hai aura unake viSaya meM kahA hai ' ve kavi paramezvara loka meM kaviyoM ke dvArA pUjane yogya haiM jinhoMne ki zabda aura artha ke saMgraha rUpa samasta purANa kA saMgraha kiyA thA / ina paramezvara kavi ne gadya meM samasta purANoM kI racanA kI thI, usakA AdhAra lekara jinasenAcArya ne mahApurANa kI racanA kI hai|' isakI mahattA batalAte hue guNabhadrAcArya ne kahA hai 6 yaha AdinAtha kA carita kavi paramezvara ke dvArA kahI huI gadya kathA ke AdhAra se banAyA gayA hai / isameM samasta chanda tathA alaMkAroM ke lakSaNa haiM, isameM sUkSma artha aura gUDha padoM kI racanA hai, varNana kI apekSA atyanta utkRSTa hai, samasta zAstroM ko utkRSTa padArthoM kA sAkSAt karAnevAlA hai, anya kAvyoM ko tiraskRta karatA hai, zravaNa karane yogya hai, vyutpanna buddhivAle puruSoM ke dvArA grahaNa karane yogya hai, mithyA kaviyoM ke garva ko naSTa karanevAlA hai aura atyanta sundara hai / ise siddhAntagranthoM kI TIkA karanevAle tathA
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________________ 190 A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha cirakAla taka ziSyoM kA zAsana karanevAle bhagavAn jinasena ne kahA hai| isakA avaziSTa bhAga nirmala buddhivAle guNabhadra ne ati vistAra ke bhayase aura kSetra kAla ke anurodha se saMkSepa meM saMgRhIta kiyA hai| ____ AdipurANa meM 67 chandoM kA prayoga huA hai, tathA 10979 zloka haiM jisakA anuSTup chandoM kI apekSA 11429 zloka pramANa hotA hai| bhagavAn vRSabhadeva aura samrAT bharata hI Adi purANa ke pramukha kathAnAyaka haiN| ye itane adhika prabhAvazAlI hue haiM ki inakA jaina granthoM meM to ullekha AtA hI hai usake zivAya veda ke mantroM, jainetara purANoM, upaniSadoM Adi meM bhI ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / bhAgavata meM bhI marudevI, nAbhirAya, vRSabhadeva aura unake putra bharata kA vistRta vivaraNa diyA hai / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki vaha kitane hI aMzoM meM vibhinnatA rakhatA hai| uttara purANa mahApurANa kA uttara bhAga uttara purANa ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isake racayitA guNabhadrAcArya haiN| isameM ajitanAtha ko Adi lekara 23 tIrthaMkara, 11 cakravartI, 9 nArAyaNa, 9 balabhadra aura 9 pratinArAyaNa tathA jIvandharasvAmI Adi kucha viziSTa puruSoM ke kathAnaka diye hue haiM / isakI racanA bhI paramezvara kavi ke gadyAtmaka purANa ke AdhArapara huI hogI / ATha, solahaveM, bAIsaveM, teIsaveM aura cauvIsaveM tIrthaMkara ko choDakara anya tIrthaMkaroM ke caritra bahuta hI saMkSepa se likhe gaye haiN| isa bhAga meM kayA kI bahulatA ne kavi kI kavitva zaktIpara AghAta kiyA hai| jahAM tahAM aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki kavi yena kena prakAreNa kathAbhAga ko pUrA kara Age baDha jAnA cAhate haiM / para phira bhI bIca bIca meM kitane hI aise subhASita A jAte haiM jinase pAThaka kA citta prasanna ho jAtA hai / uttara purANa meM 16 chandoM kA prayoga huA hai aura unameM 7575 padya haiM / anuSTupa chanda ke rUpa meM unakA 7778 parimANa hotA hai| Adi purANa aura uttara purANa donoM ko milAkara mahApurANa kA 19207 kA anuSTupa pramANa parimANa hai / ____mahApurANa ke racayitA zrI jinasena svAmI the jo ki na kevala kavi hI the, siddhAnta zAstra ke agAdha vaiduSya se paripUrNa the / isIliye to ve apane guru vIrasena svAmi ke dvArA prArabdha jayadhavala TIkA ko pUrNa kara sake the / vIrasana svAmI bIsa hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA likhakara jaba svarga sidhAra gaye taba jinasana ne 40000 zloka pramANa TIkA likhakara use pUrNa kiyaa| yaha nauvIM zatI ke antima meM hue haiN| uttara purANa ke racayitA guNabhadra, jinasena ke ziSya the aura unhoMne bhI jinasena ke apUrNa mahApurANa ko pUrNa kiyA thA / yaha dazavIM zatI ke prArambha ke vidvAna the usa samaya kI muni paramparA meM jJAna kI kaisI adbhutaupAsanA thI! padmacarita yA padmapurANa saMskRta padmacarita digambara kathA sAhitya meM bahuta prAcIna grantha hai / grantha ke kathAnAyaka AThave balabhadra padma (rAma) tathA AThave nArAyaNa lakSmaNa hai| donoM hI vyakti jana jana ke zraddhA-bhAjana hai,
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________________ digambara jaina purANa sAhitya isaliye unake viSaya meM kavi ne jo bhI likhA hai vaha kavi kI antarvANI ke rUpa meM usakI mAnasa-himakandarA se niHstRta mAnoM mandAkinI hI hai| prasaGga pAkara AcArya raviSeNa ne vidyAdhara loka, anjanApavanaJjaya, hanUmAna tathA sukozala Adi kA jo caritra citraNa kiyA hai, usase grantha kI rocakatA itanI adhika baDha gaI hai ki grantha ko ekabAra paDhanA zurU kara bIca meM choDane kI icchA hI nahIM hotii| ____ padmacarita kI bhASA prasAda guNa se ota prota tathA atyanta manohAriNI hai| vana, nadI, senA, yuddha Adi kA varNana karate hue kavi ne bahuta hI kamAla kiyA hai / citrakUTa parvata, gaGgA nadI, tathA vasanta Adi RtuoM kA varNana AcArya raviSeNa ne jisa khUbI se kiyA hai vaisA to hama mahAkAvyoM meM bhI nahIM dekhte| ___isake racayitA AcArya raviSeNa haiN| apanI guru paramparA kA ullekha inhoMne isI padmacaritake 123 ve parva ke 167 ve zloka meM isa prakAra kiyA hai 'AsIdindragurordavAkarayatiH ziSyo'sya cAhanmuni tasmAllakSmaNasenasanmuniradaH ziSyo ravistu smRtm'| arthAt indra guru ke divAkara yati, divAkara yati ke arhan muni, arhanmuni ke lakSmaNasena aura lakSmaNasena ke raviSeNa ziSya the| isa padmapurANa kI racanA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa hone ke 1203 varSa 6 mAha bIta jAne para arthAt 734 vikramAbda meM pUrNa huI hai| harivaMza purANa AcArya jinasena kA harivaMzapurANa digambara sampradAya ke kathA sAhitya meM apanA pramukha sthAna rakhatA hai| yaha viSaya-vivecanA kI apekSA to pramukha sthAna rakhatA hI hai, prAcInatA kI apekSA bhI saMskRta kathA granthoM meM tIsarA grantha ThaharatA hai| pahalA raviSeNa kA padmapurANa, dUsarA jayasiMha nandI kA varAGgacarita aura tIsarA yaha jinasena kA harivaMza / yadyapi jinasena ne apane harivaMza meM mahAsena kI sulocanA kathA tathA kucha anyAnya granthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai parantu abhItaka anupalabdha hone ke kAraNa unake viSaya meM kucha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| harivaMza ke kartA-jinasena ne apane grantha ke prArambha meM pArzvabhyudaya ke kartA jinasena svAmI kA smaraNa kiyA hai isaliye inakA mahApurANa harivaMza se pUrvavartI honA cAhiye yaha mAnyatA ucita nahIM pratIta hotI, kyoMki jisa taraha jinasena ne apane harivaMza purANa meM jinasena (prathama ) kA smaraNa karate hue unake pArvAbhyudaya kA ullekha kiyA hai usa taraha mahApurANa kA nahIM / isase vidita hotA hai ki harivaMza kI racanA ke pUrvataka jinasena (prathama) ke mahApurANa kI racanA hai isaliye to vaha unake dvArA pUrNa nahIM ho sakI, unake ziSya guNabhadra ke dvArA pUrNa huI hai| ___ harivaMza purANa meM jinasenAcArya bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI neminAtha bhagavAn kA caritra likhanA cAhate the parantu prasaMgopAtta anya kathAnaka bhI isameM likhe gaye haiN| yaha bAta harivaMza ke pratyeka sarga ke usa puSpikA vAkya se siddha hotI hai jisameM unhoMne 'iti ariSTanemi purANasaMgrahe' isakA ullekha kiyA hai| bhagavAn
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________________ 192 A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha neminAtha kA jIvanaAdarza tyAga kA jIvana hai| ve harivaMza gagana ke prakAzamAna sUrya the / bhagavAn neminAtha ke sAtha nArAyaNa aura balabhadra pada ke dhAraka zrIkRSNa tathA rAma kA bhI kautukAvaha caritra isameM likhA gayA hai / pANDavoM tathA kauravoM kA lokapriya caritra isameM baDI sundaratA ke sAtha aGkita kiyA gayA hai| zrIkRSNa ke putra pradyumna kA caritra bhI isameM apanA pRthak sthAna rakhatA hai| harivaMza purANa na kevala kathA grantha hai kintu mahAkAvya ke guNoMse yukta uccakoTi kA mahAkAvya bhI hai / isake saiMtIsave sarga se neminAtha bhagavAn kA caritra zurU hotA hai vahI se isakI sAhityasuSamA baDhatI gaI hai| isakA pacapanavAM sarga yamakAdi alaMkAroM se alaMkRta hai / aneka sarga sundara sundara chandoM se vibhUSita haiM / Rtu varNana, candrodaya varNana Adi bhI apane DhaMga ke nirAle haiN| neminAtha bhagavAn ke vairAgya tathA baladeva ke vilApa kA varNana karaneke liye jinasena ne jo chanda cune haiM ve rasa paripAka ke atyanta anurUpa haiN| zrIkRSNa ke mRtyu ke bAda baladeva kA karuNa-vilApa aura snehakA citraNa, lakSmaNa kI mRtyu ke bAda raviSeNa ke dvArA padmapurANa meM varNita rAmavilApa ke anurUpa hai| vaha itanA karuNa citraNa huA hai ki pAThaka azrudhArA ko nahIM roka sakatA / neminAtha ke vairAgya varNana ko paDhakara pratyeka manuSya kA hRdaya saMsAra kI mAyA mamatA se vimukha ho jAtA hai| rAjImatI ke parityAga para pAThaka ke netroM se sahAnubhUti kI azrudhArA jahAM pravAhita hotI hai vahAM unake Adarza satItva para janajana ke mAnasa meM unake prati agAdha zraddhA bhI utpanna hotI hai| mRtyu ke samaya kRSNamukha se jo udgAra prakaTa hue haiM unase unakI mahimA bahuta hI UMcI uTha jAtI hai| tIrthaMkara prakRti kA jise bandha huA hai usake pariNAmoM meM jo samatA honA cAhiye vaha antataka sthita rahI hai| harivaMza kA lokavarNana prasiddha hai jo trailokya prajJapti se anuprANita hai| kisI purANa meM itane vistAra ke sAtha isa viSaya kI carcA AnA khAsa bAta hai| purANa Adi kathA graMthoM meM loka Adi kA varNana saMkSeparUpa meM hI kiyA jAtA hai parantu isakA varNana atyanta vistAra aura vizadatA ko liye hue hai| kitane hI sthaloM para karaNa sUtroM kA bhI acchA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| neminAtha bhagavAn kI divyadhvani ke prakaraNa ko lekara granthakartA ne vistAra ke sAtha tattvoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai jisameM yaha eka dharmazAstra bhI ho gayA hai| kathA ke sAtha sAtha bIca bIca meM tattvoM kA nirUpaNa paDhakara pAThaka kA mana praphullita banA rahatA hai / harivaMza purANa ke racayitA AcArya jinasena punnATasaMgha ke the / inake guru kA nAma kIrtisena aura dAdA guru kA nAma jinasena thA / yaha jinasena, mahApurANa ke kartA jinasena se sarvathA bhinna hai| inhoMne harivaMzapurANa ke cyAsaThave sarga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra se lekara lohAcArya taka kI vahI AcArya paramparA dI hai jo ki zrutAvatAra Adi granthoM meM milatI hai parantu usake bAda arthAta vIra nirvANa 683 varSa ke anantara jinasena ne apane guru kIrtiSeNa taka kI jo avicchinna paramparA dI hai vaha anyatra upalabdha nahIM hai| isa dRSTi se isa grantha kA aitihAsika pahalU bhI joradAra ho jAtA hai / vaha AcArya paramparA isa prakAra hai
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________________ 193 digambara jaina purANa sAhitya vinayadhara, zrutigupta, RSigupta, zivagupta, mandarArya, mitravarya, baladeva, balamitra, siMhabala, vIravid, padmasena, vyAghrahasti, nAgahasti, jitadaNDa, nandiSeNa, dIpasena, dharasena, dharmasena, siMhasena, nandiSeNa, Izvarasena, nandiSeNa, abhayasena, siddhasena, abhayasena, bhImasena, jinasena, zAntiSeNa, jayasena, amitasena, kIrtiSeNa aura jinasena' / (harivaMza ke kartA) isameM amitasena ko punnATa gaNa kA agraNI tathA zata varSa jIvI batalAyA hai| vIra nirvANa se lohAcArya taka 683 varSa meM 28 AcArya batalAye haiN| lohAcArya kA astitva vi. saM. 213 taka abhimata hai aura vi. saM. 840 taka harivaMza ke kartA jinasena kA astitva siddha hai / isa taraha 627 varSa ke antarAla meM 31 AcAryoM kA honA susaMgata hai| harivaMza purANa kI racanA kA prArambha varddhamAnapura meM huA aura samApti dostraTikA ke zAntinAtha jinAlaya meM huI / isakI racanA zakasaMvata 705 meM huI jisakA vikrama saMvata 840 hotA hai| 1. harivaMza purANa, sarga 66, zloka 22-23 /