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________________ dakSiNa bhArata kA jaina-purAtattva DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara'.....) - AndhrajAndhrapradeza meM jainadharma magadha se phuNcaa| nayasena ne dharmAmRta meM punaH kIlabhadrAcArya aura unakI paraMparA ko arhata jinapUjA ke "jaina rAjA ko aMgadeza se AMdhra ke bhattipola meM pahu~cane kI lie diyA jAtA hai| vijayavAr3A meM aba yaha saba mAtra aitihAsika kathA ko tIrthaMkara vAsupUjya tathA ikSvAku kAla meM mAnA hai| ullekha raha gae haiN| guNDivAr3A aura dharmAvarama meM avazya kucha hariSeNa ke vRhatkathAkoSa (931 I.) meM kucha aura hI likhA hai| jainamUrtiyA~ isa kAla kI pAI jAtI haiN| jo bhI ho, para itanA nizcita hai ki vahA~ jainadharma mahAvIra se pahale rASTrakUTa rAjA amoghavarSa jaina-dharmAvalambI thaa| usane astitva meM thaa| virudaMkaryapolu meM eka jainamaMdira bnvaayaa| yahA~ kI tIrthaMkara AcArya kundakunda AMdhra aura karnATaka ke sImAvartI mahAvIra kI mUrti madrAsa saMgrahAlaya meM rakhI gaI hai| bhIma zalki koNDakunda nagara ke hI the, jinakA samaya la. prathama zatI hai| ne hanumAnakoMDa durga meM jaina maMdira banavAe, yahA~ ke padmAkSi jaina jainasaMskRti meM mahAvIra ke bAda unhIM kA nAma liyA jAtA hai| maMdira meM yakSa-yakSI kI suMdara pratimA milI hai| veMgi ke guNaga kundakundAmnAya nAma se jainadharma ko pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| vijayAditya ne bhI jallura meM koNDakunda pahAr3I para eka choTI sI guphA hai jo unakI tapasyA. rAmatIrthama meM do jaina-guphAe~ haiN| yahIM pAsa meM gurubhakta pahAr3I para sthalI mAnI jAtI hai| godAvarI jile ke Aryavatama meM eka jaina- eka jainagaphA hai, jisameM aneka jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI martiyA~ rakhI TerAkoTa milA hai jisakI pUjA kI jAtI hai| mathurA meM bhI prathama huI haiN| zatI kA aisA hI TerAkoTa prApta huA hai| yahA chaha jaina mUtiyA danavalapada (caTapaTa jilA) meM nityavarSa indra tatIya (814milI hai, lagabhaga isI samaya kii| AryAvatama se milatI-julatI 17 I.) ke kAla kI eka vRhadAkAra jaina-vasadi milI hai, mUrtiyA~ gautamI aura kakinada meM bhI pAI gaI haiN| jisameM do maMdira, cAra toraNa, do caumukha, eka tIrthaMkara pAdapITha, kundakundAmnAya meM hI umAsvAti aura samantabhadra hue jo do dasaphaTI pArzva pratimAyeM aura eka padmAvatI-pratimA khudAI meM dakSiNa ke hI the| nandi, deva, siMha, sena Adi ke nAma se bAda meM prApta huI hai| durgarAja ne kaTakAbharaNa nAmaka jinAlaya banavAyA gaNagaccha bane aura sabhI jainAcArya inhIM gaNagacchoM kI paridhi meM aura usake sAtha hI vyaya ke lie eka grAma dAna meM diyaa| isa A ge| samantabhadra ke bAda siMhanandi perUra (AMdhra) meM hI hue maMdira ke mukhya AcArya the koTimaduvagaNI aura yApanIyasaMgha ke vakragaccha meN| pUjyapAda, akalaMka, vAsavacaMdra, bAlasarasvatI, zrImaMdira dev| gopanandi Adi pramukha AcArya AMdhra se hI rahe haiN| pazcima godAvarI jile meM pedimirama meM eka jaina palli hai, 609 I. meM pazcimI cAlukyavaMzI pulakezI dvitIya ne kaliMga yahA~.jainamUrti milI hai| ammarAja dvitIya ke kAla meM bhI kacamArU piSTapura veMgi Adi para vijaya pAte hue Age dakSiNa meM bacA veMgi meM jainadharma lokapriya thaa| arahanandi ke Agraha para ammarAja ne kA rAjya apane choTe bhAI kubjaviSNuvardhana ko diyA 627 I. meN| kalacambarU gA~va kA dAna kiyA jainamaMdira ke lie, jo Aja naSTa isa mallikArjuna pahAr3I kA saMbaMdha zvetAmbara saMpradAya se bhI rahA ho gayA hai| tAmrapatra isakA milA hai| eka anya lekha bhI milA hai| caddapaTTa jile meM digaMbara AcArya vRSabha ke AvAsa kI sUcanA hai, jisameM vijayavADA meM isI rAjA dvArA nirmita do jinAlayoM sanyasiguNDi guphA se milatI hai| viSNuvardhana tRtIya (718- kA ullekha hai| vahIM bodhana meM zramaNabelagola se bhI bar3I bAhabalI 755 I.) kA eka zilAlekha milA hai, jisameM kahA gayA hai ki mUrti kI sthApanA kI gaI thI para vaha bhI Aja nahIM miltii| yaha munisikondra jisa para kisI aura ne adhikAra kara liyA thA, bodhana zAyada podanapura rahA hogaa| baDDega ne vimulavAr3A meM aura
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________________ -yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha - itihAsausake putra omakezarI tRtIya ne somadevasUri ko eka jinAlaya vikramAditya ke kAla meM bhI jaina bastiyAM banatI rahI haiM yhaaN| bheMTa kiyA thaa| yahA~ aneka jaina mUrtiyA~ milI hai, isa kAla kii| velanticola-kAla bhI jaina saMpradAya ke lie anukUla haidarAbAda se lagabhaga 150 ki.mI. dUra kulacArama grAma meM RSabhadeva sAga mitIya aura galA dava rahA hai| goMka dvitIya jaina rAjA thaa| usane guntUra jile meM munugoDu retA kI eka prAcIna bhavya pratimA milI hai| gA~va meM pRthvItilaka nAmaka jaina vasati banavAI thii| goMka prathama kalyANI cAlukya meM tailapa dvitIya ne jainadharma ko acchA ne bhI yahA~ eka jainamaMdira banavAyA thaa| jisameM aneka jainAcArya prazraya diyaa| poTalacerUva (pATanacerU) meM haidarAbAda se lagabhaga rahate the| tenAli meM bhI eka jaina vasati thii| godAvarI aura kRSNA 16 ki.mI. dUra hai, jahA~ aneka jainamaMdira aura mUrtiyA~ Aja bhI nadiyoM ke bIca kolAniyoM kA bhI rAjya rahA hai| unhoMne bhI jaina surakSita haiN| vardhamAnapura (vaDDamAnu) zAyada yahI rahA hogaa| yahA~ maMdiroM ko dAna diyaa| achanta Adi aneka vasatiyA~ hai, yahAM bhI mUrtiyA~ milI haiN| baDDamAnu ke Age pedatuMbalama meM eka bar3I penugoNDA Adi gA~voM meN| jaina basadi ke cihna milate haiM, jo vIrazaivoM dvArA vinaSTa kara dI haihayakAla meM godAvarIDelTA meM aneka jainamaMdiroM kA nirmANa gii| yahIM eka pArzvanAtha mUrti bhI milI hai| gaDabala ke pAsa puDula / huaa| tatipAka meM eka bar3A jinAlaya hai| neDanurU meM bhI meM bhI jaina-purAtattva pAyA jAtA hai| jainapurAtattva milatA hai| lollA meM eka aMbikA kI mUrti milI hanumAnakoNDA ke samAna aDonI meM eka jaina-guphA milI hai| haihaya vaMza vastuta: jainadharmAvalaMbI thaa| isalie isa kAla meM hai| jisameM pArzvanAtha Adi tIrthaMkaroM kI aneka mUrtiyA~ milatI jaina vasadiyoM kA nirmANa khUba huaa| pIThapura meM unakI banavAI haiN| pudura se bhI bar3A jaina kendra nAyakallu rahA hai, jahA~ eka bar3I do jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiN| gautamI ke kinAre base silA, kAjulurU jaina vasadi ke cihna bikhare par3e haiN| pA~ca phITa U~cI eka suMdara Adi aneka sthAnoM para jaina-mUrtiyA~ prApta huI haiN| kakinada ke pArzvanAtha mUrti bhI yahA~ milI hai| rAyadurgama pahAr3I para bhI cAlukya pAsa nemam meM aneka jainamaMdiroM ke avazeSa mile haiN|bhogpur ke kAlIna jainamaMdira hai| kambadura (anantapura), yogarakunta, amarapuram, pAsa mannamanayaka dvArA nirmita (1187 I.) eka rAjya jinAlaya koTTazivarama Adi sthAnoM para bhI bahuta jaina-purAtatva prApta haiN| milatA hai| AMdhra ke dakSiNa meM cittora jile meM nidra aura nidathura yahA~ tailapa dvitIya dvArA lekha bhI tADiparti meM do jinAlaya the| jainamaMdira khar3e haiN| candraprabha aura pArzvanA ke jinheM 1208 I. meM udayAditya ne 1162 I. meM vijjala kalacarI rAjA ne chipagiri meM eka banavAyA thA, usane kucha gA~va bhI ina maMdiroM ko die the| para ani Aja unakA koI cihna nahIM mila rahA hai| vAraMgala kile meM cAra vijjala ne apane eka maMtrI ke dAmAda vAsavavIra ko jainamaMdira haiN| kAkatIya rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI banane ke pahale hI koSAdhyakSa bnaayaa| vAsava pakkA zaiva thaa| usane vijjala kI yahA~ eka bar3I jaina vasadi thii| hatyA karA dI aura vahA~ se bhAga gyaa| bAda meM usane hajAroM kI telaMgAnA pradeza meM aura bhI anya jaina vasadiyAM hai| telaMgAnA saMkhyA meM jainoM ko mArA aura unake maMdiroM ko naSTa kiyA akele zilAlekhoM meM 35 zilAlekha haiM, jo jaina pUjAdAna kI bAta karate oTTavacheruvu meM 500 vasadiyoM ko naSTa kiyaa| pAlakuruki somanAtha haiM ujjilikile ke baDiDa jinAlaya meN| usI pASANa para eka kavi ke anasAra kolanapAka ke sAre jaina maMdira vIra-zaivoM ne anya lekha khudA hai jo indrasena paMDita nAma se dAna kA ullekha hathiyA lie aura anya jaina-maMdiroM ko dhala meM milA diyaa| karatA hai| yaha dAna (1097 I.) jainAlaya ko calAne ke lie diyA gayA thaa| vIrazaivoM ne isa jinAlaya ko bAda meM apane Andhra ke itihAsa aura saMskRti ke nirmANa meM jainoM kA adhikAra meM kara liyaa| anya zilAlekhoM meM naM. do kA zilAlekha bahuta bar3A yogadAna rahA hai| yadyapi telagU meM jainasAhitya adhika rAjA bekkallu kA hai, jisane guNasena ko grAma dAna diyaa| naM. to nahIM milatA para unake dvArA kie gae kalyANa-kArya Aja bhI dekhe jA sakate haiN| sivaggaNa, AryAvatama, 32 kA kalyANa cAlukya kA hai, jisane 1119 I. meM brahmezvara penukoNDA, deva ko pArzvanAtha jinAlaya ke kharca ke lie grAmadAna diyaa| rAjA bhogapuram, hanumAnakoNDA, vAraMgala kilA Adi sthAnoM para banAe aroorrarironironiromaniramidnironiorbrdnirordNG-1226drirbrdworkdoorsansaroritaridroraridrionianer
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha - itihAsagae tAlAba Aja bhI janatA ke upayoga meM A rahe haiN| vIra zaivoM zilappadhikAraM (pahalI, dUsarI zatI) ke racayitA ilaMgovaDigala dvArA naSTa kie jAne ke bAvajUda jainadharma Andhra meM jIvita rahA, ceranADu ke yuvarAja the| zilappadhikAraM ke gaMbhIra adhyayana se yaha usake lokamAMgalika kAryoM kA hI phala kahA jAnA caahie| patA calatA hai ki ilaMgovaDigala pakke jaina the| kerala ke jainadharma ko samApta karane meM zaMkarAcArya kA vizeSa hAtha rahA hai| kerala purAtattva vibhAga yadi prAcIna sthaloM kI khudAI kare aura vaidika kerala meM jainadharma karnATaka yA tamilanADu se gayA hogaa| maMdiroM aura masjidoM kI gaharAI se chAnabIna kare to jainadharma ke vaha yahA~ I.pU. tRtIyacaturtha zatAbdI taka to pahu~ca hI gayA thaa| itihAsa meM eka nayA adhyAya jur3a sakatA hai| anya pradezIkI taraha yahA~ bhI jainadharma acchI sthiti meM rahA hai para masalamAnoM ne bhI jainoM para kama atyAcAra nahIM kie| aneka kAraNoM se usakA samyak adhyayana nahIM ho paayaa| kabhI atyAcAroM ke kAraNa hI jaina parivartita hokara zaiva, vaiSNava aura jaina-sthAnoM ko bauddha batA diyA gayA to kabhI vaidika banA liyA muslima bana ge| 'jaina allAudIna' jaise nAma yaha tathya prastuta gayA, kabhI unheM naSTa kara diyA gayA to kabhI masjidoM ke rUpa meM karate haiM ki parivartita jaina-samudAya Aja bhI jainadharma ko apane parivartita kara diyA gyaa| kuNavasisa koTTama kA prasiddha jainamaMdira meM samAe hue hai| haidaraalI kI vinAzalIlA kA zikAra bana gyaa| TIpU sultAna ne bhI aise hI ghRNAtmaka kArya kie haiN| dasoM jaina-maMdiroM ne karnATaka masjidoM kA rUpa le liyaa| dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma ke pracAra prasAra meM I.pU. caturtha vartamAna tamilanADu ke do jainasthala citrala aura zatI ke aMtima caraNa ke AsapAsa zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura nAgarakovila prAcIna trAvanakora ke bhAga the| aba kocIna aura candragupta ke Agamana se tejI adhika aaii| zrIlaMkA meM to malAbAra ko milAkara kerala rAjya banA diyA gyaa| yahA~ prAkRtika jainadharma isake pUrva thA hii| bhadrabAhu-saMgha kA praveza karnATaka meM guhAmaMdira milate haiM, jinheM samAdhi-sthala kA rUpa de diyA gayA kadAcit, uttara bhArata ke mAlavA kSetra se huA hogaa| karnATaka -mUnimaDA kahakara yA phira nae maMdira banA lie ge| ariyannUra se hI phira jaina dharma tamila kSetra meM pahuMcA hogaa| zravaNavelagola kadAcit prAcInatama sthala hai, jahA~ parvata ko kATakara samAdhi ke zilAlekhoM se isa paraMparA kI puSTi hotI hai| cAlukya, ke yogya sthAna banAyA gayA thaa| rASTrakUTa, gaMga Adi vaMzoM ne jaina dharma kA rAjyAzraya aura usakA isI taraha kallila kA guhA maMdira hai, jisameM mahAvIra, acchA prasAra-prasAra kiyaa| sArA pradeza jainamaya sA ho gyaa| yahA~ pArzvanAtha aura padmAvatI kI mUrtiyA~ pratiSThita haiN| mahAvIra kI kI kurumbara jAti mUlataH jaina thI jo sAre dakSiNa meM phailI thii| mUrti aparipUrNa hai| logoM kI dhAraNA hai ki devagaNa use pUrA karane madrAsa ke pAsa pulAla meM usakA prathama zatI I.pU. kA AdinAtha Ate rahate haiN| mahAvIra mUrti guphA kI pRSThabhAga kI dIvAra para khudI kA eka bhavya maMdira hai| aise hI aneka udAharaNa milate haiN| kA eka hai, siMhAsana meM bIca meM siMhalAMchana hai, Upara trichatra hai. cAroM ke cAmuMDarAya, iragappana tathA hullara jaise amAtyoM aura rAjAoM ne sAtha gaMdharva hai, dAyIM ora padmAvatI hai, aura bAyIM ora pArzvanAtha o karnATaka meM jaina-purAtatva ko kAphI samRddha kara diyA hai| mUrti hai| isakA samaya lagabhaga AThavIM zatI honA caahie| para DaoN. rAjamala jaina ise aura bhI prAcIna mAnanA cAhate haiN| vAyanADa jile ke sultAna battArI meM eka dhvasta jaina maMdira aihola (bIjApura) meM meguTinAka jinAlaya meM surakSita yaha dekhA jA sakatA hai, jahA~ ke stambhoM para baDI saMdara sarpAkRtiyA~ zilAlekha zaka saM.561 (634 I.) kA hai, jise kavi ravikIrti ukerI gaI hai| ye AkatiyA~ Aja bhI dekhI jA sakatI haiN| ne bar3I prAMjala saMskRta bhASA meM kannar3a lipi meM likhaa| isameM prAcInakAla meM kerala meM jainadharma kAphI lokapriya thaa| kerala cAlukyavaMza kI kIrti kA varNana karate hue satyAbhaya pulakezi ko, usa samaya ceranADU kahA jAtA thaa| tamila mahAkAvya kI jainayAtrA aura jinamaMdira nirmANa kA varNana hai| digvijaya kA an d idrohidibidroidrotonianbrdinidroid123Hamiraramiridwordridridoravarsamirmiriamirritories maisUra
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka grandha - itihAsa - varNana karane vAlA yaha eka suMdara kAvya hai| isake atirikta kA zilAlekha hai, pulakezI dvitIya ke saMdarbha meN| akalaMka inhIM marola (1024 I.) arasibidi meM prApta Alekha bhI mahattvapUrNa ravikIrti ke ziSya the| vAdAmI kA megaNa vasadi aura lakkuDi hai| akkAdevI, jayasiMha dvitIya kI bahina ne jainadharma kA acchA kA brahmajinAlaya aura paTTadakala kI jainavasadi kalA kI dRSTi se prasAra kiyaa| honavADa va huMguNDa jainasaMskRti ke gar3ha the| bar3e mahattvapUrNa haiM, jahAM madhyakAlIna guphAe~ aura jainamaMdira haiN| belagA~va kSetra prAcIna kAla meM kuNDI yA kahanDI maNDala rAyapura jile meM hampI kA gAnigiti maMdira bar3A prasiddha hai| kahA jAtA thA jo zilAhAra aura raTTa parivAroM ke adhikAra meM hampI ke mahala-kSetra ke AsapAsa khudAI kI gaI thI, jisase do thaa| konnura halasI (khAnapura) aura saunadattI acche jaina-kendra jainamaMdira prakAza meM Ae haiN| vaise yahA~ kAphI maMdira haiN| pAna the| gokkA pleTa dejjA mahArAja ke dAna kA ullekha karatA hai supArI jaina maMdira meM eka saMskRta zilAlekha milA hai| jisake Arhata pUjA ke lie| yahA~ ke kile meM jaina-purAtattva darzanIya hai| anusAra devarAja dvitIya ne saM. 1426 meM pArzvanAtha caityAlaya yahA~ 108 jainamaMdira rahe haiN| kamalavasadi darzanIya hai| banavAyA thaa| ballAdI jile meM harapanahallI kI hosa-vasadi meM ___ adUra meM do zilAlekha mile haiM, jo jainamaMdira ke lie kalAtmaka nAga pratIka darzanIya hai| yahA~ kA ujjima jaina-maMdira bhUmidAna kA ullekha karate haiN| nArAyaNa-maMdira ke do zilAlekha zaivoM ke adhikAra meM hai| huvalI kA anantavasadi maMdira kalAtmaka jainoM ke haiN| mUlaguNDa aura lakkuNDi uttama jainakendra the| hai, jahA~ dasavIM zatI kI dharaNendra padmAvatI ke sAtha tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI suMdara pratimA kalA surakSita hai| uttara kannaDa jile meM 15 se 17 vIM zatI taka kA jaina purAtattva milatA hai| dakSiNa kannaDa jilA to aura bhI samRddha hai dhAravADa ke lakSmezvara nagara meM 53 zilAlekha haiM, jinameM isa dizA meN| bellarI jile meM guphA-jaina-maMdira hai, jisameM bahuta isa nagara ke aneka nAma milate haiN| yahA~ ke zaMkha vasadi maMdira meM sArI mUrtiyA~ rakhI huI haiN| kogAlI jaina zilAlekha (10 vIM zatI) prApta 700 I. ke zilAlekha ke anusAra akalaMka paraMparA ke hai nandi bevarU mannerA masalelAda kudatanI Adi sthAna aise haiM, jo paMDita udayadeva cAlukya rAjA vijayAditya dvitIya ke rAjaguru jainakendra mAne jAte haiN| the| mahAkavi pampa kA AdipurANa isI maMdira meM likhA gayA thaa| yahIM ke anantanAtha vasadi meM padmAvatI aura sarasvatI kI suMdara vastuta: karnATaka kA cappA-cappA jaina-saMskRti kA paricaya mUrtiyA~ hai| lakSmezvara ke samIpavartI baMkApura meM guNabhadrAcArya ne detA hai| yahA~ sabhI sthAnoM ke purAtattva ke viSaya meM likhanA apanA uttara purANa pUrA kiyA thaa| yahA~ ke kucha jainamaMdira Aja saMbhava nahIM hai| para katipaya mahattvapUrNa sthaloM kA ullekha karanA masjidoM ke rUpa meM vidyamAna haiN| koTamacagI kA pArzvanAtha maMdira atyAvazyaka hai| udAharaNata: bIdara jile kA malakhaMDa rASTrakUTa nareDila kA nArAyaNa maMdira, baMdarasiMgI kI AdinAtha pratimA, rAjAoM kA prAcIna mAnyakheTanagara hai, jo amoghavarSa ke samaya kalasnayu kA jaina vasadi, AraTTakAla kA pArzvanAtha vasadi,guDigerI jaina-saMskRti kA mahattvapUrNa kendra bana gayA thaa| lagabhaga 200 kA mahAvIra vasadi, haverI kA muddadu mANikya vasadi, amminavAbI varSoM taka yaha nagara jainakendra banA rahA hai| yahA~ somadeva, puSpadanta kA pArzvanAtha vasadi Adi maMdiroM kA purAtattva bhI atyanta jaise mUrdhanya AcAyoM ne sAhitya sRjana kiyaa| yahA~ neminAtha mahattvapUrNa hai| vasati nAma kA lagabhaga 8vIM zatAbdI kA eka jainamaMdira hai| kArathIDa jile kA uttara kanAr3A bhAga kabhI vanavAsI bIjApura kA vizAla jainamaMdira 15vIM zatAbdI meM masjida pradeza kahA jAtA thaa| puSpadaMta bhUtabali dvArA kI gaI SaTakhaNDAgama ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diyA gyaa| yahA~ pArzvanAtha maMdira kucha kI racanA kA zreya isI pradeza ko jAtA hai| grelsoppA meM samaya pahale jamIna se nikAlA gayA hai| yahA~ kI karAmuddIna jvAlAmAlinI kI mUrti, hADuvallI meM trikAla caubIsI kI masjida bhI mUlata: jainamaMdira hI hai| isI jile meM aihola eka kAMsyamUrti, guMDabala kI pArzvanAtha kI mUrti vizeSa ullekhanIya gA~va hai, jo kisI samaya cAlukya kI rAjadhAnI rahA hai| yahA~ ke haiN| hamacA kA itihAsa lagabhaga 1500 varSa purAnA hai| ise atizaya ma megaTI maMdira meM jainAcArya ravikIrti dvArA likhita san 634 I. kSetra kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ 22 zilAlekha haiM, jinameM sAntara rAjavaMza
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________________ - yatIndrasUri mAraka nadidha - itihAsakA itihAsa diyA huA hai| tadanusAra jinadatta rAjA ko padmAvatI saath| vidyAdevI kI bhI mUrti yahA~ milatI hai| madrAsa se 25 mIla kI kRpA se lohe ko bhI sonA banAne kI zakti prApta huI thii| dUra uttara pazcimavartI pulAla meM AdinAtha kA prathama zatI I.pU. isI taraha bakoDa dandali ke cikkamAguDi, udri Adi sthAnoM kA eka bhavya jainamaMdira hai| kI vasadiyA~ bhI purAtattva kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiN| dakSiNa ArakoTa jile meM pATalipura nagara hai, jahA~ prathama cikkamaMgalUra jile ke narasiMha rAjapura meM aneka jainamaMdira zatI meM drAviDa saMgha rahA karatA thaa| chaThI zatI taka vaha yahA~ banA haiM, jinameM candraprabha kI yakSI jvAlAmAlinI kI kalAtmaka pratimAe~ rhaa| yaha tathya billupura tiruna haiN| yahIM samIpa meM zRMgerI maTha hai, jo kisI samaya jainoM kA gar3ha siddha hotA hai| colavaMdipura meM andimalai ke AsapAsa aneka jaina / thaa| yahA~ zAradA maMdira meM eka jaina stambha par3A huA hai| yahIM pAsa sthApatya hai| jahA~ mahAvIra Adi tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ milI haiN| hI AcArya kundakunda kI janmabhUmi kundakundabeTTa hai, jahA~ kundAdri aura caTTAnoM para khudI bhI haiN| ginjI tAlukA to Aja bhI jaina para unake caraNa bane hue haiN| isa parvata para khaNDahara, mUrtiyA~ evaM purAtattva ko saheje hue| yahAM eka jainamaTha bhI hai| citrakuTa meM do kalAtmaka zilAkhaNDa bikhare par3e haiN| jaina. maMdira bhI hai, mallinAtha aura pArzvanAtha ke| tamilanADu tiruparuTTikunarama (jinakAJcI)-- jinakAJcI madrAsa se lagabhaga 60 ki.mI. dUra kAncI kA eka bhAga hai, jo tamilanADu meM jaina dharma ne karnATaka se praveza kiyA hogaa| tiruparuTTikunarama grAma se saMbaddha hai| baeNgesa ne ise dakSiNa ke arkATa zrIlaMkA meM mahAvaMza ke anusAra pANDukAbhaya (337-307 jile ke citra jile ke citrAmUra grAma se samIkRta kiyA thA, jo sahI nahIM hai| I.pU.) ne nirgrantha jyotiya ke lie anurAdhApura meM eka maMdira dakSiNa meM cAra vidyAsthAna mAne jAte the-jinakAncIpura kolhApura, banavAyA thaa| isakA tAtparya hai I.pa. catartha zatI taka jaina dharma penukoNDA aura dehlii| jinakAMcIpura prAraMbha se hI jaina, bauddha dakSiNa meM pahu~ca cukA thaa| devacandra ne rAjavalikaSe meM likhA hai ha aura vaiSNava saMskRti kA gar3ha rahA hai| hyUnasAMga 640 I. ke lagabhaga ki bhadrAbAhu ne vizAkhAcArya (candragupta maurya 297 I. pU.) ko yahA~ pahu~cA thaa| usane yahA~ ke jainoM kI bahusaMkhyA kA ullekha na nirdeza diyA thA ki ve cola pAMDadezoM meM aura Age jaay| kiyA hai aura assI jaina maMdiroM ke astitva kI sacanA dI hai| ratnanaMdi ke bhadrAbAhucarita (15 vIM zatI) meM unake cola deza meM jAne kA ullekha bhI hai| ___yahA~ prApta zilAlekhoM se patA calatA hai ki yahA~ mukhyataH digaMbara-jainadharma kA pracAra-prasAra haA hai| digaMbara jainoM ke cAra ___ madrAsa ke samIpavartI tirunelabelI, rAmAnaMda, tricI, saMgha haiM-mUla, drAviDa, kASThA aura yaapniiy| inameM dakSiNa meM drAviDa pudukkoTTaI, madurAI aura tinabeli jiloM meM jaina-purAtattva bahutAyata . saMgha kA prabhAva adhika rahA hai| jinakAMcI ke zilAlekhoM meM guru meM milatA hai| yahA~ ke adhikAMza jaina-zilAlekha tatIya zatI yi zatA aura ziSya kI vyavasthita dharmasattA milatI hai| kundakundAcArya I.pU. ke haiN| yahA~ tathA ArakoTa jile meM zatAdhika jainaguphAe~ samantabhadra, siMhanandI pUjyapAda, akalaMka Adi AcAryoM kA haiM, uttarI ArakoTa meM paMca pANDavamalaI aura tirumalaI pahAr3iyA~ sambandha yahA~ se rahA hai| akaMlaka kI zAstrIya vAdavivAda paraMparA haiM, jahA~ jainapurAtattva bharA par3A huA hai| vilapakkama meM eka jaina / kAMcI se lagabhaga 20 ki.mI. dUra tiruppanakUTa se saMbaddha hai, jahA~ marti milI hai| yahIM nAganAthezvara maMdira meM 845 I. kA eka lekha eka citra meM okhala hai, aura sAmane jainamuni upadeza de rahe haiN| milA hai, jisameM likhA hai ki yahA~ pAsa meM vallimalai aura tirumalai jaina guphAe~ haiN| tirumalai meM dharmacakra Adi ko darzAtI akalaMka ke bAda jinakAMcI kA saMbaMdha AcArya candrakIrti, acchI paTiga haiN| vedola ke pAsa vidala aura vidarapallI hai. jo anantavIrya, bhAvanandi, puSpasena Adi AcAryoM se rahA hai| payasena jaina-vasatiyA~ mAnI jAtI haiN| ponnara meM AdinAtha kA bar3A maMdira kA rAjanItika prabhAva bukkA dvitIya (1385-1406 I.) ke hai| yahAM jvAlAmAlinI kI acchI mUrti hai| isI ke pAsa nIlagiri / senApati aura maMtrI irugappA ke Upara adhika thaa| usI ke pahAr3I hai, jisa para helAcArya kI suMdara mUrti hai, jvAlAmAlinI ke pariNAmasvarUpa vijayanagara ke rAjAoM ne unheM saMrakSaNa diyaa| pAra yahIM unakA bhI samAdhi-sthala hai, maMdira ke bhItara manivAsa meN| Forcibiwbrowonitoriwarawbrowonitorionitoniromirid6d[125/6drabdriradabaditoriuduirirdwaranorrordition
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________________ - yatIndrasUrismAraka grantha - itihAsayahA~ ke maMdiro meM citrakalA ke avazeSa bhI dRSTavya haiN| kaNakacaMdra paNDita kA ziSya thA, jise suMdara pANDyA ke kAla meM ur3IsA meM rAmagar3ha pahAr3I kI jogI mera guphA meM bhitticitroM ke bhUmidAna bhI milA thaa| 13vIM zatI taka yaha sthAna jaina-zramaNa avazeSa ko prAthamika stara kA kaha sakate haiM, sittannavAsala citra vasati banA rhaa| bhI isI koTi ke haiN| dharmapracAra kI dRSTi se jainoM ne citrakalA kA bommaimalai meM bhI eka gahA maMdira hai. jisameM ullekha hai acchA upayoga kiyA hai| ki jaina-zramaNoM ke lie yahA~ 753 I. san meM bhUmidAna milA puTukkottaI thaa| sadiyarapai meM 8vIM zatI kI mahAvIramUrti hai eka guhAmaMdira meN| ise suMdara pAMDyA ke hI samaya kAphI bhUmidAna diyA gayA thaa| paTakkottaI (tamilanADa) jile meM kAphI jaina-purAtatva 1vIM se 13vIM zatI taka yaha bhI eka jainakendra rahA hai| milatA hai| lagabhaga 16 ki.mI. para sittanavasala pradhAna kendra hai| isameM eka jainaguphA, jainamaMdira aura bhitticitra hai| jainaguphA lagabhaga malayakkoi puTukkottai se 18 ki.mI. dUra hai| yahA~ eka dvitIya zatI I. pU. kI mAnI jAtI hai| brAhmIlipi meM lekha bhI hai| guphAmaMdira meM guNasena nAmaka jaina muni kA ullekha hai zilAlekha 7-8 vIM zatI taka yahA~ zramaNoM kA AvAsa rahA hai| samIpavartI meN| yahA~ se 12 ki.mI. dUra pottambura meM eka jinamUrti milI hai / pahAr3I para guhA-maMdira hai jo lagabhaga 7vIM zatI kA hai| isameM tIna jo gaNeza ke nAma se pUjI jAtI hai| ise grAmavAsI mottaIpillayara tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ haiM--RSabhadeva, neminAtha aura mhaaviir| kahate haiN| yaha mUrti 12vIM zatI kI hai| Adityacola (888 I.) maMDapa kI eka dIvAra para pArzvanAtha kA citra hai, jisa para zrI ke zilAlekha se patA calatA hai ki yaha eka jainakendra thA 8vIM tiruvasiriyama likhA hai, jisakA artha hai mahAn aacaary| samavazaraNa zatI meN| isI ke pAsa cettiyati hai jo samanara kuNDu kahA jAtA Adi ke bhI saMdara bhitticitra haiN| samaNarameDa, tekkAdara Adi hai| yaha bhI eka jainakendra rahA hai| yahA~ eka maMdira hai, jisameM - pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI suMdara mUrtiyA~ haiM 10 vIM zatI kI sthAnoM para bhUgarbha se jaina mUrtiyA~ nikalI hai| ambikA kI bhI eka acchI mUrti hai| yahA~ ke lekha meM matisAgara teNimalai kI samIpavartI pahAr3I para jainasAdhuoM ke lie| muni kA ullekha hai, dayApAla aura vAdirAja unake ziSya the| eka AvAsa sthAna-sA banA hai, jo lagabhaga prathama zatI kA / hogaa| brAhmIlekha bhI hai| yahA~ 8vIM zatI taka zramaNa rahA karate the| cettipatti ke pAsa kayamamatti hai, jahA~ jainamaMdira ke avazeSa par3e hue haiN| ise 'samadara tidala' kahA jAtA hai / siddhAsana meM eka yahA~ tIna jinamUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| mUrti milI hai| yahA~ isI ke sAtha eka jainamaTha bhI thA jise ___ puTTakkottaI se 18 ki.mI. dUra nArantamalai pahAr3I hai jo tiruvayatalamadarama kahA jAtA thaa| jise nagarattara Adi zreSThiyoM ne samataTakuDaga ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| yahA~ do maMdira haiM, eka banavAyA thaa| ziva kA aura dUsarA arhatajina kaa| arhatajina kA maMdira 13vIM zatI meM vaiSNava-maMdira ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diyA gayA aura sittanavasala ke pAsa hI annavasala hai, jo kisI samaya samartha jainakendra rahA hai| yadyapi yahA~ eka maMdira dhvasta ho gayA hai phira use patinenabhUmi vinna garUlavAra keli kahA jAne lgaa| ardhamaMDapa meM jainAcArya nemicaMda kA ullekha hai zilAlekha meN| ra para tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ acchI hAlata meM milI haiN| konaguDu meM mahAvIra 12vIM zatI meM isa maMdira ko bhUmidAna bhI diyA gayA thaa| lagabhaga kI manorama mUrti milI hai 11vIM zatI kii| somapattura meM eka 1228 I. meM vaiSNavoM ne ise apane adhikAra meM le liyA maravaramana tAlAba ke kinAre jainamaMdira hai jo dhvasta ho gayA hai isake stambha sundara pAMDavA ke kAla meN| yahAM ke ardhamaNDapa ko hI mahAmaNDapa vagairaha, tennaguDi ke zivamaMdira meM lage hai| yahA~ tIrthaMkara aura yakSI ke rUpa meM badala diyA gyaa| mUrtiyA~ milI haiN| AluruMdaramalai naratamalai ke pAsa hI hai| isameM bhI lagabhaga padakkottai meM eka jaina-mUrti-saMgrahAlaya hai, jahA~ AsapAsa prathama sadI kA guhAmaMdira hai| jisameM dhyAnamadrA meM tIrthaMkaroM kI kA mUrtiyoM ko ekatrita kara diyA gayA hai| mosakkaDi se prApta mUrtiyA~ haiN| yahIM10vIM zatI kA lekha bhI hai| tadanasAra dharmadevAcArya mUrtiyAM kalAtmaka dRSTi se bahuta acchI haiN| AdinAtha pArzvanAtha dardiariordarbaridroidisardaridrsariridroid126binirdinidiadiansaxsridododiaries
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________________ - yatIndamUrismAraka - itihAsaaura mahAvIra kI bhI alaMkRta mUrtiyA~ hai,10 se 15vIM zatI ke ariSTanemi AcAryoM ke ullekha milate haiN| isake sAtha hI mAghanadi bIca taka kii| guNasena, vardhamAna kAkanandI AryanandI Adi AcAryoM ke ullekha tAmilanADa meM 530 jaina-zilAlekha mile haiM jinase patA haiN| inakA samaya 7-8vIM zatI hai| jJAnasambandhara rAjA ke zaiva calatA hai ki yahA~ 8-10vIM zatI ke pUrva jainadharma acchI sthiti bana jAne para jainadharma ko aneka AghAta sahanA pdd'e| yAnai malai, meM thaa| dvitIya zatI I. pU. se madarAI tirunelavelI. rAmAnada nAgamale, samaNamale Adi nagara bhI purAtattva kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa Adi jiloM meM jaina avazeSa milane lagate haiN| caMdragupta kA saMgha tAmilanADu meM I.pU. tRtIya zatI meM hI phaila gayA thaa| zramaNa - sAtavIM zatI ke bAda tamilanADu meM jainadharma ke lie kar3A velagolA yAtrAkAla meM hI saMgamakAla meM cera, cola aura pAMDya saMgharSa karanA par3A hai| saMta apparai ne kAMcI meM aura sambandara ne narezoM ne jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM khUba sahayoga diyaa| madurai meM jainadharma ke virodha meM tIvra Andolana calAyA, phira bhI tirupparakunara aura muttupatti rikArDa se patA calatA hai ki zrIlaMkA ajjanandI jainadharma kA pracAra-prasAra karate rhe| Adi se jaina-sAdhu vahA~ Ate rahate the| prathama zatI meM AryanandI tinnevelli kSetra meM kalagamale meM dvitIya zatI I.pa. ke aura bAlacandradeva ne madurAI meM 123 vIM zatI meM jainadharma kA lekhAdi milate hai| yahA~ kI jainakalA dekhane lAyaka hai| Age pracAra kiyaa| dAna aura sallekhanA ke Alekha pacAsoM haiN| trAvanakora kSetra meM tiruccaraNattu malai pahAr3I para jaina-maMdira hai, jo jinase jainadharma kI lokapriyatA kA patA calatA hai| Aja vaidika samudAya ke adhikAra meM hai| yahA~ kI mahAvIra aura madurai meM tIna prakAra kA jaina purAtattva milatA hai-(1) pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyA~ Aja bhI vaidika devatA ke rUpa meM pUjI jA zilAlekhoM sahita jainaguphAe~, (2) pASANa caTTAnoM para utkIrNa rahI haiN| nagara koilakA jainamaMdira nAgarAjasvAmI para bhI unhIM kA jaina-devI-devatAoM kI mUrtiyA~ aura (3) vatteluttu lipi meM likhe adhikAra hai| pArzvanAtha mahAvIra padmAvatI Adi tIrthaMkaroM aura tamila lekh| pAMDya rAjAoM ke zAsanakAla meM madurai eka sazakta zAsanadevI-devatAoM kI mUrtiyA~ mukhya maNDala ke stambhoM para jaina kendra rahA hogaa| tevaramatathA sthala purANa ke anusAra anaimalai abhI bhI utkIrNa haiN| mUlarUpa se vastuta: yaha jainamaMdira thA jo nAgamalai aura pathumalai Adi pahAr3iyoM para prApta jaina-purAtattva isakA yahA~ ke lekhoM se bhI puSTa hotA hai| inake atirikta kalugumalai, pramANa hai| ariTrapaTTi, maMgalaM, muttapaTri, koMgara paliyaMkulaM, tirappare nAgalApura,kAyala, dharmapurI, vijayamaMgalaM,maha kuMjaraM, variccayu, alagaramalai, karuMgalakuDi, kiluvalajU, vikkira bhI aise haiM, jahA~ jainamaMdira aura mUrtiyA~ bhUgarbha se prApta huI haiN| maMgalaM, mettupettu (siddharamalai) Adi sthala bhI udAharaNIya haiN| kAlIkaTa aura pAlaghATa jiloM meM aura bhI jainakendra haiN| madurai ke pAsa tiruparakunara meM sarasvatI tIrtha hai, jahA~ pArzva gaNapativattama meM eka bastImaMdira hai kerala-maisUra roDa pr| eDakkala / aura sapArzva kI phaNa sahita saMdara mUrtiyA~ haiN| pAsa hI guphA ke Upara banA maMdira bhI jainamaMdira honA caahie| pAlaghATa meM annAmalai pahAr3I hai, jisa para jaina-purAtattva sAmayI pracura parimANa eka choTA-sA maMdira hai| isake atirikta mRttapattana aura macalApaTTana meM milatI hai| yaha sthAna aba brAhmaNa samudAya ke adhikAra meM hai| meM bhI jaina maMdira haiN| alAtUra meM bhI eka purAnA maMdira hai, jisameM yahA~ tIrthaMkara aura zAsana devatAoM kI mUrtiyA~ milatI haiM aura mahAvIra paryakAsana meM haiM dUsarI mUrti pArzvanAtha kI hai, jisa para lekhoM meM ajjanandI Adi AcAryoM kA ullekha hai| pAsa hI tIna phaNa hai, vaha kAyotsarga madrA alagaramale pahADI para bhI jaina-lekha hai, jinameM ajjanandI kA tIsaccAraNaTamale meM eka saMdara gahA maMdira hai jisameM lagabhaga ullekha hai| usI ke pAsa uttamapalaiyaM muttaSatti, koMgara, puliyaMgula tIsa martiyA~ utkIrNa hai| eka anya guphA kA nAma zrAntanapADA kilakkaDi.pecchipallaM, poyagaimalai, paMcapANDavamalai Adi aneka hai| ina gaphAoM ko dekhane ke bAda maMdiroM kI saMracanA para dhyAna sthAna haiM, jahA~ jainapurAtattva sAmagrI bahutAyata meM milatI hai| yahA~ jAtA hai| silappadikArama se kuNivAyilakoMTTama nAmaka jaina maMdira tirukkatambale karaMdI nAmaka eka jainakendra hai| uttamapaliyama kA patA calatA hai jise haidaraalI ne naSTa kara diyA thaa| bihAra bhI isI ke aMtargata rahA hogA. jahA~ asTopavAsI aura
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________________ - tAndrasUri mAi koDaganlura ke jainamaMdira drAviDa zailI ke haiM, grenAiTa pASANa isa prakAra pichale lagabhaga do hajAra varSoM se tamilanADu meM ke haiN| para Aja ve vaiSNavoM ke hAtha meM haiN| isI taraha kahA jAtA hai jainasaMskRti astitva meM banI rahI hai| astitva meM hI nahIM balki ki vahA~ kI masjida vastutaH prAcIna jainamaMdira hai| irijAlakuDA vahA~ ke sAhitya aura saMskRti ko bhI prabhAvita kiyA hai| prAraMbhika kA kUDala mANikyaM nAmaka vizAla jainamaMdira bhI ullekhanIya hai, tamila-sAhitya mUlata: jainoM kA adhika rahA hai| vaha vIrazaivoM aura jahA~ bharata kI mUrti hai aura lekha bhii| vaidikoM dvArA naSTa kie jAne ke bAvajUda apanA yogadAna banAe tricUra meM baDakkannAtha hai. jo zAyada mala rUpa meM jainamaMdira rakhe rhaa| aba adhikAMza maMdiroM para vaidikoM kA adhikAra hai| rahA hogaa| koDikkoDa meM tukkovila nAmaka eka zvetAmbaramaMdira pallava mahendravarmana aura pAMDyarAjA kunapADyana jaina the hai, jisakA nirmANa lagabhaga 500 varSa pahale huA thaa| baMgara para ve bAda meM zaiva appAra aura jJAna saMbandhara dvArA bAhmaNadharma meM maMjezvara meM eka caturmukhI maMdira hai, jise sarvatobhadra kahA jAtA hai| praviSTa kara lie ge| yaha prakriyA hoyasala rAjyakAla taka calatI vAyanADa meM mAnadavAr3I meM eka AdIzvara maMdira hai, jo prAcIna rhii| hoyasala sama rhii| hoyasala samrATa viTThIgA jaina thA para rAmAnuja ne use vaiSNava maMdira ko dhvastakara khar3A kiyA gayA hai| phira bhI kahIM-kahIM na yA hai| phira bhA kahA-kahA banA liyaa| prAcInatA ke nizAna bace raha ge| sultAna battArI kA jainamaMdira bhI Aja khaNDahara ke rUpa meM par3A huA hai| aise hI prAcIna jaina - . dakSiNa jaina-sthApatya-kalA kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki maMdiroM meM pAlakkADa aura nAgarakovila ke tathA godapara alAtara. yahA~ ke jainamaMdira aura guphAe~ jaina-sAdhuoM ke nivAsa sthAna the, maMDara kiNNAlara Adi sthAnoM ke jaina - maMdira bhI ullekhanIya jinheM itanI utkRSTatA se grenAiTa ke vizAla pattharoM para cikanAI haiN| unameM alAtUra maMdira vizeSa ullekhanIya hai jo kAMgadeza se sahita tarAzA gayA hai ki hameM mauryakAlIna baluA pattharoM ko saMbaddha hai| yaha kAMgadeza aura usake rAjagaNa jaina dharma ke saMrakSaka camakAne kI dakSatA kA smaraNa ho AtA hai| caTTAna kATakara rahe haiN| yahA~ prApta lekhoM meM jaina-maMdiroM ko dAna dene ke ullekha maMdira nirmANa kie jAne kI prathA jainoM meM lagabhaga sAtavIM zatI haiN| ye lekha 1102 I. ke haiN| taka rahI hai| tricirApallai jile ke pugalura gA~va ke AsapAsa pAI gaI yahA~ hama kucha aura vizeSasthAnoM kA ullekha kara rahe hai jo guphAe~ aura arunattura kI pahADiyA~ tathA koyambatUra jile kI purAtattva kI dRSTi se aura bhI mahattvapUrNa haiN| ceMgalapaTTa jile ke araccalUra (nAgamalai) kI pahAr3iyA~ bhI jaina-saMskRti kI dRSTi magarala meM eka ajaina maMdira meM do jaina mUrtiyAM rakhI huI haiN| isI se atyaMta mahattvapUrNa haiN| dakSiNa uttara arkATa jile ke vidura, taraha ArapAkka viSAra, villivAkkama, perunagara Adi sthAnoM potrura tirunalaMgoMDaI, cittamura, toNDaImaMDala Adi nagaroM meM prApta para jainamUrtiyA~ aura sthApatya asurakSita sA par3A huA hai| uttara jaina- maMdira, mUrtiyA~ aura guphAe~ bhI aneka kAloM kI kalA ko arkADa jile ke kaccUra,naMvAkka, kAvanUru, kuTTainavallUra, tirumaNi, samAhita kie hue haiN| yahAM prApta jaina zilAlekha digambara jaina sevUra, anantapura, AraNi, punatAkai, tiruvottUra, tiruppananUra, karandai, saMpradAya ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai| madrAsa pUNDi, ponnara, ponnaramalai, tirukkoni veNukunTa jaise kucha aise jaina kA tiruvalluvara maMdira vaha hai, jahA~ tiruvakurala kAvya likhA gayA sthala hai, jahA~ jaina mUrtiyA~ aura maMdira haiM para acchI sthiti meM nahIM thaa| tirumalai aura mailApoTa tathA pudukkoTTaI, tenimalai, nastamalai, hai| naMvAkka, punatAkkai, tiruvottUra, vallimalai, mayilApura Adi anuruttumalai, bommaImalai, malayakkoila, puttambara, chettipatti, kayampatti, aise sthAna hai, jahA~ ke jainamaMdiroM ko vaidika maMdiroM meM parivartita annavasala, kanaguDi, chittira sema pacura Adi sthAna bhI jaina itihAsa kara diyA gayA hai| aura saMskRti kI dRSTi se vizeSa dRSTavya haiN| pujhala koTalaM, jiMgiri, dakSiNa ArkADa jile meM kIlakuppa sthAna se eka suMdara melacittamura, polunnuramalai munigiri, mannaraguDI, vijayamaMgalaM Adi jaina-mUrti jamIna se nikalI thI, kucha samaya phle| tirumadika saikar3oM aise sthala hai, jahA~ IsA pUrva se lekara 15vI zatAbdI taka aura tiruppApaliyara meM gaNadharavIccara jaise aneka zaiva maMdira aise kA samRddha jaina-purAtattva milatA hai| tamilanADu vastuta: jaina-purAtattva haiM jo malataH jainamaMdira the| yahA~ dharmasena ne kisI kAraNavaza kI dRSTi se bahuta hI samRddha hai| zaiva banakara jainadharma para baDA atyAcAra kiyaa| toroorkarianitoriandarmanoramoniamorowokarina 128dmiriamirrorionidmoonindianarmadardarodar
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________________ -candrasAra mArA itihAsa sirukaDavUra meM eka tAlAba kI caTTAna para 28 tIrthaMkaroM aneka vasadiyA~ hai jo purAtattva kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| kI saumya mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| tRtIya zatI kI eka prAcIna guphA bhI hai yhaaN| melacittAmUra meM eka purAtana maMdira hai, jisameM prAcIna acchA sthAna hai| kahA jAtA hai yahA~ bhagavAna pArzvanAtha aura jaina mUrtiyA~ haiN| kUSmANDanI devI kI bhI mUrti hai| yahA~ ke maTha meM mahAvIra ne bhI bihAra kiyA thaa| lagabhaga 5vIM zatAbdI se yahA~ samRddha zAstrabhaMDAra bhI hai| toNDUra, tAyanUra, perumburge, sanukke, jainadharma kA astitva milatA hai| vaise yahA~ kI jainaparaMparA to mudalUra, sAtamaMgala, guDalUra, sIyamaMgala,sIdamaMgala, vilukkaM, bahuta purAnI hai| hemAMgada deza yahIM thA, jisake jaina rAjA jIvandhara vollimeDupeTTai, peraNI, tirunaMrukanDaM, solavANDipuraM Adi katipaya the aura saluvavaMzIya aneka rAjA bhI jaina the| yahA~ aneka basadiyA~ aise prAcIna sthAna haiM, jahA~ purAne jainamaMdira to haiM hI sAtha hI haiM, jinameM tribhuvana tilakamaNi maMdira vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| isI bhUgarbha se mUrtiyA~ bhI nikalI haiN|yhaaN zAsana devI-devatAoM kI taraha caMdranAtha vasadi kA bhairodevI maNDapa, ammanavAra vasadi kI / bhI martiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| unameM kRSNANDI aura padmAvatI devI paMktibada caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI martiyA~, coTAra mahala meM kASTha kI mUrtiyA~ adhika lokapriya rahI hai| stambha para utkIrNa navanArIkuMjara, siddhAMta vasadi vizeSa ullekhanIya taMjAUra jile ke taMjAUra nagarameM AdinAtha kA prAcIna hai| isake sAtha hI dharmasthala kI 39 phITa kI bAhubalI mUrti, jinAlaya hai, jisameM sarasvatI, brahmadeva, jvAlAmAlinI aura halebiDa kI zAntalezvara vasadi aura hoyasalezvara vasadi bhI kUSmAMDinI deviyoM ke maMdira haiN| tiruppapugalUra kA zaivamaMdira mUlataH purAtattva kI dRSTi se atyaMta upayogI haiN| yahA~ surakSita kannaDa aura jainamaMdira thaa| tirunAkezvara ke bhI zaivamaMdira jainamaMdiroM ke parivartita saMskRta ke zilAlekha itihAsa kI dRSTi se AkalanIya haiN| rUpa haiN| mannAraguDi aura dIpaMguDi kA jvAlAmAlinI maMdira bhI zramaNabelagola karnATaka kA pramukhatama sthala hai, jahAM darzanIya hai| rAmanAthapura jile ke kovilaMkula meM kiDAra, purAtattva kA hara bhAga laharAtA rahA hai| isalie hama yahA~ ise kucha perithapaTTannaM, maMjiyUra, selavanUra, tirunelavelI jile ke eruvADi, vistAra ke sAtha prastuta karanA caaheNge| arugamaMgalaM, kulugumale, kAyala, baliyUra, koyaMputtUra jile ke karnATaka dharmapurI, vijayamaMgala, tirumUrtimalai, kaDulara (oTI), kuMbhakoNa Adi sthAnoM para jainamUrtiyA~ aura maMdira bikhare paDe hae haiN| prAkRtika saundarya se harA-bharA sthala, laMbe-caur3e maidAnoM tamilanADu vastuta: karnATaka ke bAda aisA dakSiNavartI jaina se ghirI pahAr3iyA~, zveta sarovara (belagolA) ko goda meM sameTe samantabhadra, akalaMka jaise dArzanika hue aura saMlappadikAraM, dabAe roDa mAno gomaTeza mUrti kI ora niSpalaka nihAra rahe haiN| nIlakezi tirukkarala Adi jaise graMtha likhe ge| beMgalaura se 145 ki.mI. aura maisUra se 110 ki.mI. para base ____ maMgalUra jile kA kArakala eka prasiddha jaina kendra rahA hai| isa choTe paraMtu ramaNIya kasbe meM prAcIna jaina saMskRti kI gaharI yahA~ ke sAntara rAjA jainadharma ke anuyAyI rahe haiN| yaha zilAlekhoM chApa dikhAI detI hai| lagatA hai, lagabhaga I.pU. tIsarI sadI ke se pramANita hai| kahA jAtA hai padmAvatI devI ne unakI sahAyatA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura unake ziSya caMdragupta sasaMgha Aja bhI kI thI, bhairavI kA rUpa dhAraNa kr| tabase ina rAjAoM ke nAma ke kahIM zravaNabelagolA ke AsapAsa rahakara nemicaMda siddhAMta cakravartI sAtha bhairava jur3a gyaa| yahA~ kI prasiddha mUrti bhagavAna gomaTeza ke ziSya cAmuNDarAya dvArA nirmita vizvavizruta bhagavAn bAhubalI bAhubalI kI hai, jo 42 phITa U~cI hai| yaha mUrti eka choTI zravaNabelagolA parikara meM cAra smAraka haiM-(1) choTA pahAr3a mUrti bar3I kalAtmaka aura manohara hai| usake sAmane brahmadeva (cikka beTTa)-caMdragiri, (2) bar3A pahAr3a (doDaveTa)-vindhyagiri, mAnastambha hai, jisake Upara likhA hai ise jinadatta ke vaMzaja (3) nagara aura (4) jinnaathpur| bhairavaputra vIra pANDava nRpati ne bnvaayaa| isI sthAna para aura bhI
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________________ - yatIndrasUrismAraka grantha - itihAsa(1) choTA pahAr3a (caMdragiri) meM 90 citra phalaka haiM (12vIM sadI) jinakA saMbaMdha caMdragupta aura bhadrabAhu ke jIvana se hai| kattale vasadi (1.118 I. meM apara nAma iMdragiri, kaTavapra, kAlavappa, tIrthagiri, RSagiri nirmita) meM AdinAtha kI mUrti hai| aba isa maMdira meM aMdherA aadi| aneka sAdhuoM kA smaadhisthl| 7vIM sadI taka ghane jaMgala se ghirI pahAr3I para 9-10vIM sadI se usakA rUpa privrtit| (kattale) nahIM hai, prakAza kI vyavasthA hai| pradakSiNA patha isakI vizeSatA hai| gaMgarAja senApati ne ise banavAyA thaa| majjigaNa AcArya bhadrabAhu aura unake ziSya prabhAcaMdra (samrATa caMdragupta vasadi meM 14veM tIrthaMkara anantanAtha kI pratimA pratiSThita hai| maurya) kI tapobhUmi aura smaadhisthl| 271 zilAlekha praapt| isakI pazcima dizA meM zAsana vasadi hai| jisakA nirmANa 1118 unameM prAcInatama vaha zilAlekha (chaThI sadI) jisameM ina donoM I. meM hoyyasala nareza viSNuvardhana ke senApati gaMgarAja ne kraayaa| AcAryoM kA ullekh| yahIM vaha bhI sthala jahAM se cAmuNDarAya ne zAsana vasadi aura cAmuNDarAya vasadi ke bIca eka-do smAraka vindhyagiri para bANa chor3akara gomaTeza mUrti ke zIrSa bhAga ko haiM, jinheM gaMgarAja maMDapa kahate haiN| usake pazcima meM caMdraprabha vasadi prakaTa kiyA thaa| hai, jisakA nirmANa gaMganareza zivamAra dvitIya ne 8vIM zatI meM nagara kI bAyIM aura bar3I-bar3I caTTAnoM se bharA 240 sIr3hiyAM kiyaa| isameM ambikA aura jvAlAmAlinI kI AkarSaka martiyA~ aura 935 phuTa kI samAnAntara bhUmi ke bAda muttAlaya smArakoM haiN| isa vasadi ke bAyIM ora sapArzvanAtha vasadi hai, jisameM kA praarNbh| bIca meM lagabhaga 16vIM sadI kA tornn| suttAlaya ke saptaphaNayukta supArzvanAtha kI mUrti hai| pUrva prAkRtika bhadrabAhu guhA jisameM bhadrabAhu aura caMdragupta ke pada caMdragiri parvata para sarvAdhika saMdara draviDa zailI meM nirmita cihna 11vIM sadI meM nirmit| bAda meM vaha maMdira meM privrtit| cAmuNDarAya vasadi hai, jisameM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI 5 phITa kI suttAlaya ke pAsa eka taalaab| suttAlaya meM 13 maMdira, 7 maMDapa, manojJa pratimA hai| garbhagRha ke donoM aura alaMkRta yakSa sarvAhaNa 2 stambha aura eka virATa muurti| dakSiNa praveza dvAra para gaMgakalA aura dakSiNI kUSmaNDinI nirmita hai| cAmuNDarAya ne isakA nirmANa kA manohArI namUnA kUge brahmadeva maanstmbh| dAyIM aura zAMtinAtha karAyA jisakA anukaraNa hoyyasala narezoM ne helibiDa Adi vasadi meM 11vIM sadI meM nirmita zAMtinAtha kI 13 phITa UMcI maMdiroM ke nirmANa meM kiyaa| ise cAmuNDarAya ke putra jinadeva ne muurti| isake uttara meM lohe ke ghere meM khar3I bAhubalI ke bhAI bharata 995I. meM bnvaayaa| yahAM ke eka anya lekha se patA calatA hai kI 9 phITa kI vizAlakAya muurti| kalAkAra ariSTanemi kA ki belagolA ke celokyaraMjana nAmaka jaina maMdira kA nirmANa kadAcit prAraMbhika pryog| isake pUrva yugala mahAnavami maMDapa (12vIM sadI meM hoyasala rAjA narasiMha prathama dvArA nirmit)| donoM gaMgarAja ke putra ecannA ne 1138I. meM karAyA thaa| gaMgAcAri isakA kalAkAra thaa| isa taraha yaha vasadi kaI caraNoM meM banAI gii| vasadiyoM ke bIca chaThI sadI kA prAcInatama zilAlekha jisameM bhadrabAhu, caMdragupta, dvAdazavarSIya akAla Adi kA varNana hai| isI vasadi ke samIpa eDakaTTe vasadi hai, jisakA nirmANa gaMgarAja kI patnI lakSmI ne 1118 I. meM kiyaa| isake dAyIM aura drAvir3a zailI meM nirmita pArzvanAtha vsdi| usake garbhagRha meM sabatigaMdhavAraNa vasadi hai| jise hoyasala nareza viSNuvardhana kI 15 phITa UMcI pArzvanAtha saptaphaNa yukta zyAmavarNa kI manojJa sarvAdhika priya jaina patnI zAntalA devI ne 1123 I. meM nirmita mUrti (11vIM sdii)| sAmane mAnastambha (1750 I.), dAyIM ora kiyaa| isameM zAMtinAtha kI pA~ca phITa kI mUrti aura yakSa padmAvatI kI mUrti aura AsapAsa yakSamUrti, kUSmANDinI devI aura ghur3asavAra kI muurti| isa vasadi ke uttara meM caMdragupta vasadi kimbapuruSa tathA yakSI mahAmAnasI kI mUrtiyAM haiN| isake pUrva terina vasadi hai, jise 1117 I. meM mAcikabbe aura zAMtikabbe ne (9vIM sdii)| usameM tIna koThariyA~ jisameM pArzvanAtha, padmAvatI bnvaayaa| isameM 4 phITa UMcI bAhubalisvAmI kI mUrti hai, jise aura kUSmANDinI devI kI vizAla mUrtiyA~ 12vIM sadI kI hoyasala kalAkArI meM nirmit| barAmade meM gaMga kalAkArI meM nirmita karnATaka paraMparA ne tIrthaMkara ke samAna pUjanA prAraMbha kiyaa| aMta dharaNendra aura sarvANha yakSa kI muurtiyaaN| sAmane sabhA bhavana meM meM zAMtIzvara vasadi hai, jise gaMgarAja bommaNa ke putra ecimayya ne kSetrapAla kI muurti| alaMkRta dvAra ke donoM ora jAlIdAra pASANa bnvaayaa| sarvAgraha aura aMbikA kI bhI mUrtiyAM yahAM hai|
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________________ -yatIndrasUri smAraka grantha - itihAsaparakoTe ke kone meM rASTrakUTa-kAla (982 I.) meM nirmita 11vIM sadI meM viSNuvardhana ke senApati bharatamayya ne kraayaa| eka maNDapa hai, jisameM rAjA iMdra caturtha kA samAdhilekha hai| kucha bAda meM unase lagA huA khulA maNDapa jor3A gyaa| anya lekhoM meM gaMgarAja ke parivAra ke nAmollekha hai| aise kucha akhaNDa bAgila se kucha Age bar3hane para tIsarA toraNa aura bhI yahAM maNDapa hai, jahAM samAdhilekha utkIrNa hai| parakoTe ke AtA hai jo kacina gubbi bAgilu kahalAtA hai aura 21 sIr3hiyoM bAhara brahmadeva maMdira hai, jisameM 10vIM sadI ke kucha mahattvapUrNa bAda eka aura toraNa AtA hai jise gullekAyi ajji bAgila nAmollekha haiN| kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ se prAkAra prAraMbha hotA hai, jise hoyasala nareza (2) bar3A pahAr3a (vindhyagiri) viSNuvardhana ke senApati evaM amAtya gaMgarAja ne 1117 I. ke lagabhaga banavAyA thaa| isa prAkAra ke bhItara vibhinna deva-deviyoM vindhyagiri ulTe kaTore kI AkRti meM 650 sIr3hiyoM ko| kI 43 mUrtiyA~ haiN| parakoTA banane ke pUrva yahA~ gommaTezvara mUrti sameTe 435 phITa U~cA sira uThAe lagabhaga 58 phITa U~cI bha.. kA nirmANa ho cukA thaa| isa mUrti ke sAmane khar3e hone para bAyIM bAhubali kI manojJa mUrti ko samAhita kie hue hai| isakA itihAsa aura siddhara vasadi hai, jisameM siddha bhagavAna kI tIna phITa U~cI I. san 980 se prAraMbha hotA hai| mUrti ke nirmANa ke saath| bAda meM mUrti hai aura usake donoM ora do kalAtmaka chaha phITa U~ce stambha hai| 12vIM sadI meM parakoTA, mUrti ke samIpa do paricAraka, aSTadikpAla, dvAramaNDapa, mAnastambha aura do koThariyA~ jor3I giiN| anantara pazcimI ora oDeyA maNDapa hai, jisameM patthara ke AdhAra anya vasadiyAM bhii| para tIna mUrtiyA~ khar3I hai-neminAtha, AdinAtha aura shaaNtinaath| isameM kucha mahattvapUrNa lekha bhI haiN| sAmane gullekAyi ajji sIr3hiyoM para car3hate hI bAIM aura brahmadeva kA maMdira (1878 maNDapa hai, jisameM pA~ca stambha, eka zilAlekha aura eka vRddhA I.) hai| bAda meM kucha Upara car3hakara toraNapatha milatA hai, jise kI mUrti hai| yaha ajji kuratI aura cunare vAlI sAr3I pahane hai| 14vIM sadI meM banAyA gyaa| usa para dharaNendra aura gajalakSmI ke isakA nirmANa 17vIM sadI meM huA hai| kahA jAtA hai, ajji kI citra ukere gae haiN| yahIM bAharI kile kA praveza dvAra (18vIM sadI) hI mUla bhUmikA thI bAhubali svAmI ke mastakAbhiSeka karanemilatA hai| bhItara jAne para dAyIM ora eka maMdira hai jo 24 karAne meN| dantakathA ke anusAra yakSi padmAvatI ne cAmuNDarAya tIrthaMkaroM ko samarpita hai (17vIM sdii)| vahIM odegala vasadi ___ kA darda dalana karane ke lie vRddhA kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyaa| nagara (trikUTa vastI) hai, jo sabase U~cA hai| 12 stambhoM vAlA dvAramaNDapa, ko bhI biligulla (beMgana) nAma diyA gyaa| vRddhA ne isI phala tIna garbhagRhoM meM tIna vizAla mUrtiyA~ aura hoyasala kalA kI ke khola se bhagavAna kA abhiSeka kiyA thaa| abhivyakti yahA~ hai| isameM 27 abhilekha haiN| ajjimaNDapa ke sAne vAle khule prAMgaNa meM gommaTezvara kI isake pazcima meM cAgada kaMbha (kalAtmaka tyAgada stambha hai / bhavya mUrti khar3I hai| bAhya dvAramaNDapa meM 17-18vIM sadI meM (10vIM sadI) jahA~ cAmuNDarAya ne saMsAra tyAga kiyA thaa| yaha nirmita do dvArapAla zobhita haiN| praveza-dvAra ke bAyI ora 12vIM stambha gaMga kArIgarI kA utkRSTa namanA hai| isake dAyIM ora do sadI ke kavi boppaNa paMDita kA zilAlekha hai, jo gommaTeza kI mUrtiyA~ haiM, jo zAyada cAmuNDarAya aura nemicaMdra siddhAnta cakravartI mUrti kI camatkArAtmakatA kA varNana karatA hai| bhItarI maNDapa meM kI hai| yahIM pAsa hI do talaiyA haiM aura eka khulA bhavana bAraha aSTadikpAla haiM aura khale prAMgaNa meM gommaTeza kI mUrti apanI stambhoM vaalaa| isakA nirmANa cetraNa ne kiyA 17vIM sadI meN| bhavyatA ko prakaTa kara rahI hai| 58'8" U~cI isa mUrti ko I. isI cennaNa va sadi meM eka saMdara mAnastambha bhI hai| 980 meM gaMgarAja senApati cAmuNDarAya ne pratiSThApita kiyA thaa| cAgada kaMbha se Age car3hane para akhaNDa bAgilu (dvAra) hai isa virATa marti ko caTTAna se kATakara kuzala zilpI ariSTanemi jo eka hI zilA ko kATakara banAyA gayA hai| isake Upara ne gommaTeza kA rUpa diyaa| isake ghugharAle keza, nukIlI nAsikA, gajalakSmI kA bahuta suMdara citra hai, pAsa hI do koThariyA~ haiM, jinameM ardhanimIlita netra, suMdara oMTha, vyavasthita ThuDDI, 26' caur3A bharata bAhubali kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| yaha saba nirmANa 10vIM- vakSasthala dekhate hI banatA hai| isa mUrti ke mApa ke bAre meM andramodroinodriwariwarirandisarowarduariwariritonira[131droidnirodeoromaniramirroriramidnirmirandir
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________________ 15' 2" 16' 2" 0. - cIndramUrimAraka itihAsavidvAnoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| para 1980 meM bhAratIya kalA itihAsa gomaTeza kI mUrti ke valmIka para vizAla caraNoM ke cAroM saMsthAna, karnATaka vizvavidyAlaya, dhAravAr3a ne thiyoDalaiTa upakaraNa ora kannar3a, tamila aura marAThI meM zilAlekha utkIrNa haiM, jo yaha ke mAdhyama se jo mApa prastuta kI hai, vaha adhika vizvasanIya ghoSita karate haiM ki isa mUrti kA pratiSThApaka cAmuNDarAya hai| isI hai| tadanusAra usakA kula mApa 58' 8" AtA hai, jo isa mUrti ke bAyeM caraNa ke pAsa eka gola patthara kA kuMNDa hai, jo prakAra hai-- kadAcit gandhodaka ko ikaTThA karane ke nimitta banAyA gayA hai| pA~va kI U~cAI 28" yahIM 12vIM sadI meM do dvArapAloM kI mUrtiyA~ gaMgarAja ne banavAI sAtha hI parakoTe kI dIvAra aura jAlAndhra kA nirmANa kraayaa| pA~va ke Adi se ghuTane taka dUsare dvAramaNDapa meM yakSa mUrti aura mAnastambha ko baladeva ne pA~va ke Adi se kamara rekhA taka 31' 4' bnvaayaa| lagabhaga 500 varSoM ke bAda stambhoM ko alaMkRta . pA~va ke Adi se nAbhi taka 35' 1" kiyA gayA ora pharza banAyA gyaa| suttAlaya meM gomaTeza mUrti ke pA~va ke Adi se gardana rekhA taka 57'8" tInoM aura caubIsI mUrtiyA~ tathA aMbikA kI mUrti hai, jinheM ghuTane se kamara rekhA taka samaya-samaya para aneka zreSThiyoM ne pratiSThApita karAyA thaa| kamara rekhA se nAbhi taka 2'9" (3) zravaNabelagola nagara nAbhi se gardana rekhA taka 20' 11" gardana rekhA se gardana taka gomaTeza mUrti kI sthApanA ke bAda isa nagara ko gommaTapura kahA jAne lagA lagabhaga 12vIM sadI meN| isake pUrva vaha 'belgola' gardana se sira kI coTI taka ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thA, kyoMki yahAM dhavala saras yA tAlAba bAhuo kI lambAI thaa| dhIre-dhIre zraddhAlu bhaktoM aura yAtriyoM meM vRddhi hone lgii| zizna kI lambAI 4'." phalataH pAnI kI kamI ko dUra karane ke lie tAlAba khode ge| kAnoM se kI lambAI 1120 aura 1159 I. ke bIca bhaMDAra vasadi banAI gii| samIpa nAka kI lambAI hI AvAsa sthala banavAe gae aura choTe pahAr3a ke adhobhAga se hAtha kI lambAI akkana vasadi taka nagara phaila gayA 12vIM sadI meN| yahIM uttara (ka) kalAI se bIca kI aMgulI lambAI 8' 0" kI ora 1117 I. meM gaMgarAja ke bhatIje hiriecimappa ne jinanAthapura kI sthApanA kI aura aregala vasadi kI sthApanA kii| pazcima (kha) kalAI se tarjanI taka lambAI kI ora 1200 I. meM recaNNa daNDanAyaka ne zAntIzvara vasadi (ga) kalAI aMgUThA taka 5'0" bnaaii| bAda meM siddhAMta vasadi aura mAMgAyi vasadi jaisI anya kula U~cAI 58'8" vasadiyA~ bhI jur3atI gaIM aura zravaNabelagolA nagara kI suMdaratA bar3hatI calI gii| eka hI patthara se banI nirAdhAra khar3I itanI vizAla mUrti nizcita hI duniyA meM advitIya kahI jAsakatI hai| bAmiyAna bhaNDAra vasadi-- zravaNabelagolA kA yaha sabase bar3A (aphagAnistAna) kI buddha mUrtiyAM 120, aura 175' avazya hai, jinAlaya hai| ise hoyasala rAjA narasiMha ke bhaMDArI hullamappa ne para ve eka zilAkhaNDa se nirmita nahIM hai| rayAmsIja 2 kI mUrti 1159 I. meM banavAyA thaa| isake garbhagRha meM eka hI paMkti meM (IjipTa) lagabhaga gomaTeza kI U~cAI ke barAbara hai, para vaha mUrti caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI manojJa mUrtiyA~ virAjamAna hai| pravezadvAra para na devatA kI hai aura na hI nirAdhAra khaDI hai| memnAna kI mUrti indra nRtya kI kalAtmaka mUrtiyA~ hai| navaraMga AkarSaka hai aura tIsa aura cAprona kA sphiMksa bhI bhale hI lagabhaga dasa phITa baDe hoM phITa U~ce parakoTe meM bhI suMdara AkRtiyAM ukerI gaI haiN| maMdira ke para ve eka hI pASANa khaNDa se banI kalAkRti nahIM haiN| sAmane bhavya mAnastambha hai jo uttarakAla meM banAyA gayA hai| deg 5' 10"
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________________ -catAndrasUri smAraka granyA itihAsa - bhaMDAra-vasadi meM IzAnya meM jainamaTha hai, jise mUlataH 12vIM yukta gyAraha phaNayukta padmAsana mUrti saMsthApita hai| ise gaMgarAja sadI meM banAyA gayA thA, para usakA 300-400 varSa pUrva navInIkaraNa ke bhAI hiri ecimayya ne banavAyA thaa| huA hai| isa maTha ke bhItara ke bhitticitra aura garbhagRha kI dhAtu zravaNabelagola ke dakSiNa-pazcima meM eka caukora samAdhi mUrtiyA~ tathA dvAra-maNDapa kI gajAkRtiyA~ vizeSataH dRSTavya haiN| maNDapa hai jo AcArya nemicandra ke ziSya kI niSadhyA hai (1213 jo inakI saMracanA 17-18 vIM sadI meM huI hai| jvAlAmAlinI, zAradA ii.)| yahIM eka aura niSadhyA hai, jo cArukIrti kI samAdhi hai aura kUSmANDinI deviyoM kI bhI yahA~ kalAtmaka mUrtiyAM haiN| (1643 ii.)| akkana-vasadi-- bhaNDAra vasadi sehamasIdhe aMta meM akkana zravaNabelagola se 6 ki.mI. dUra uttara meM helevelagola hai, vasadi pahu~cate haiM, yahA~ hoyasala zailI meM nirmita garbhagRha aura praveza jisameM hoyasala zailI kA eka dhvasta jainamaMdira hai| eka anya maNDapa nirmita milate haiN| alaMkRta garbhagRha meM pArzvanAtha kI saptaphaNa grAma sAhallI 5 ki.mI. dUra tathA kambadahallI 18 ki.mI. yakta marti hai, sAtha hI maMdira kI prabhAvalI meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI dara hai. jahA~ gaMgarAja parivAra dvArA nirmita aneka kalAtmaka jaina - martiyA~ aura sukhanAsi meM yakSa, dharaNendra, yakSiNI aura padmAvatI maMdira darzanIya haiN| kI mUrtiyA~ pratiSThita haiN| isakA nirmANa 1103 I. meM hoyasala parivAra zravaNabelagola aura usake parikara ke maMdiroM kA itihAsa ne kraayaa| isa vasadi ke ghaMTAkAra stambha, kIrtimukha, zikhara Adi navIM sadI se prAraMbha hotA hai| candragiri parvata para 1125 I. ke kI alaMkRta drAviDa zailI kI AkarSaka kalAkRtiyA~ hai| bAda kA koI maMdira nahIM hai para vindhyagiri para navIM se 18vIM sadI isake samIpa hI mAMgAyi-vasadi hai jise 1315 meM rAjanartakI taka kI kalAkatiyA~ upalabdha hotI haiN| candragiri sthita cAmaNDarAya mAMgAyi ne banavAyA thaa| isameM tIrthaMkara kI ramaNIya pratimAe~ vasadi sarvAdhika alaMkata hai| isa nagara meM lagabhaga 530 zilAlekha virAjita haiN| pazcima meM siddhAntavasadi hai, jisameM hamAre jaina - milate haiN| inameM 274 candragiri para, 172 vindhyagiri para aura siddhAnta-grantha dhavalA, jayadhavalA, mahAdhavalA, bhUvalaya Adi zeSa nagara ke AsapAsa mile haiN| inameM marAThI kA eka prAcInatama surakSita rakhe gae the| isI ke pAsa dAnazAlA-vasadi hai| zilAlekha bhI hai| ye sabhI zilAlekha jainadharma aura saMskati se zravaNabelagolA nagara ke bIca eka kalyANa sarovara hai. saMbaddha hai| candragiri kI pArzvanAtha bastI meM prApta do zilAlekha jisakA jIrNoddhAra cikkadeva rAjendra mahAsvAmI ne lagabhaga 1700 vizeSa ullekhanIya hai, jo bhadrabAha aura candragapta kI dakSiNa - I. meM kiyaa| bhaNDAra-vasadi ke dakSiNa meM eka jakkI kaTe yAtrA kA vivaraNa dete haiN| aura unakI samAdhi-sthalI hone kA nAmaka sarovara hai, jisakA nirmANa jakkImmavve ne 1120 I. meM saMketa karate haiN| karAyA thaa| dakSiNa meM eka cenaDa kuNDa bhI ullekhanIya hai, jise zravaNabelagola kA saMbaMdha samAdhimaraNa se adhika rahA hai| cenaNNa ne 1673 meM banavAyA thaa| yahA~ para sAdhaka AdhyAtmika maraNa kI kAmanA lekara Ate haiN| (4) jinanAthapura yaha silasilA 12vIM sadI taka calatA rahA, para usake bAda vaha virala ho gyaa| aise smAraka yahA~ lagabhaga 100 milate haiN| candragiri parvata ke pIche brahmadeva maMdira ke pAsa lagabhaga Der3ha kilomITara dUra jinanAthapura nagara hai, jise gaMgarAja senApati yaha nagara digambara jaina-saMskRti kA jIvanta kendra rahA hai| ne 1118 I. meM basAyA thaa| usameM zAMtinAtha-vasadi hoyasala isameM gaMgakalA kA utkRSTa namUnA dekhane ko milatA hai| sAtha hI kalA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| isa maMdira ke garbhagaha meM zAMtinAtha bharata aura bAhubalI kI anUThI pratimAe~; kalAtmaka, aitihAsika, kI sAr3he pA~ca phITa U~cI bhavya mUrti tathA bAhya dIvAroM para yakSa paurANika aura sAmAjika mahattva vAle bhitticitra, yakSa-yakSaNiyoM dharaNendra, sarasvatI, aMbikA, manmatha, cakrezvarI Adi kI aneka kI mUrtiyAM bhI dRSTavya hai| kalAtmaka mUrtiyA~ aMkati haiN| isI vasadi ke samIpa eka aregalla- isa nagara kI jaina-saMskRti kA saMrakSaNa karane kA vasadi hai, jisameM pArzvanAtha kI pA~ca phITa U~cI prabhAvalI - uttaradAyitva cArukIrti bhaTrAraka ko rahA hai| sarvaprathama isakA
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smAraka itihAsaullekha 1131 I. ke zilAlekhoM meM milatA hai| bAda meM 1313 AdinAtha aura unake putra bharata bAhubalI se rahA hai| rAjya ke I. taka usakA ullekha nahIM hai| 14vIM sadI ke prAraMbhika kAla meM ba~TavAre ke samaya bharata ko ayodhyA aura bAhubalI ko podanapura usakA ullekha milane lagatA hai| 1398 I. meM cArukIrti paraMparA kA rAjya diyA gyaa| yaha podanapura bhArata ke uttarI bhAga meM thA yA meM Ane vAlA vyakti zrutakIrtideva kA ziSya thaa| yaha paraMparA dakSiNApatha ke kisI aMcala meM, yaha viSaya vivAdagrasta hai| bAbU 1856 I. taka clii| bAda meM kadAcit muni ke sthAna para kAmatAprasAda jI ne use dakSiNApatha meM mAnA haidarAbAda ke aaspaas| bhaTTAraka kA samAveza huaa| 1858 I. ke bAda ke zilAlekhoM meM zAyada isI dhAraNA se baMbaI meM voravalI meM podanapura kI sthApanA cArukIrti muniyoM kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| usI paraMparA meM vartamAna huii| katipaya vidvAna use aphagAnistAna meM rakhate haiN| bhaTTAraka cArukIrti svAmIjI dIkSita hue haiN| isa prakAra jainadharma dakSiNa bhArata meM khUba panapA aura usakI zravaNabelagola isI paraMparA meM Aja bhI jaina-saMskRti ke kalA-sampadA anokhI rhii| purAtattva meM usake jo cihna hameM saMrakSaNa kA kendra banA huA hai| usakA mUla saMbaMdha prathama tIrthaMkara milate haiM, unakA Alekhana hamane yahA~ saMketa meM kiyA hai| shirNgNgyNdururururururusaarNgaarrsaarN rNgaarrsaayrugaarusaarsaadshruvaarN