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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni ahiMsA paramo dharmaH / svAmI brahmezAnanda saMpAdaka, vedAnta kesarI 'ahiMsA' sabhI dharmoM kA mUlatatva hai| jaina, bauddha evaM vaidika dharma meM ahiMsA ko zreSTha dharma mAnA hai| ahiMsA kA svarUpa kyA hai? ahiMsA ke prakAra kitane haiM? ahiMsA apanAne meM kyA-kyA samasyAe~ haiM? Adi sabhI praznoM kA samAdhAna de rahe haiM - svAmI zrI brahmezAnaMda jii| svAmI jI kA yaha Alekha jaina, vaidika, bauddha darzana - triveNI kI dhArA ko prasphuTita kara rahA hai| - sampAdaka prastAvanA mAnava-jAti kI hajAroM varSa kI saMskRti aura sabhyatA ke bAvajUda Aja bhaya aura hiMsA hamAre vyaktigata aura sAmAjika jIvana ke abhinna aMga bane hue haiN| hamane inheM jIvana paddhati kA anivArya aura svAbhAvika aMga mAna liyA hai| bhale hI hama kisI kI hiMsA na karate hoM lekina dveSa, ghRNA, dUsaroM ke doSa dekhanA Adi hamAre mana meM vidyamAna haiN| yuddha, hatyA aura aparAdha ke samAcAroM meM hamArI tIvra ruci hamArI hiMsaka pravRti kI ora spaSTa saMketa karatI hai| lekina Aja se lagabhaga do hajAra varSa pUrva bhArata meM ahiMsA para AdhArita samAja racanA ke do mahatvapUrNa prayoga hue the| vardhamAna mahAvIra dvArA pravartita jaina dharma ne ahiMsA ko jIvana kA kendra bindu mAnakara mAnavoM kI hI nahIM balki choTe se choTe kIr3e taka kI hatyA ko tyAga kara mAnava jAti ko vikAsa ke eka uccatara sopAna taka uThAne kA prayAsa kiyA thaa| samrATa azoka ne bauddha dharma ko aMgIkAra kara ahiMsA ko eka rAjadharma ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA thaa| lekina ahiMsA pradhAna jaina aura bauddha dharma ke prabhAva ne eka ora jahA~ samAja ko eka uccatara dizA pradAna kI, vahIM dUsarI ora usane samAja ko durbala bhI kiyaa| ahiMsA uccatama Adarza hai aura kisI bhI samaya kisI bhI samAja meM eka alpasaMkhyaka varga hI usa uccatama Adarza kA adhikArI aura grahaNa karane meM samartha hotA hai| anadhikArI tathA sAre samAja ke dvArA svIkAra kie jAne ke kAraNa bhArata kI avanati hI huI jisake phalasvarUpa bhArata ko hajAra varSoM kI dAsatA sahana karanI pdd'ii| pAtaMjala yoga sUtra ke anusAra ahiMsA pA~ca yamoM meM pahalA aura sabase mahatvapUrNa hai| vaise to aSTAMga yoga kA eka aMga hone ke kAraNa ahiMsA eka sAdhana mAtra hai lekina yaha itanA mahatvapUrNa hai ki ise yadi lakSya evaM parama dharma mAneM to atizayokti nahIM hogii| vyAsa deva ke anusAra anya sabhI yama niyama kA mUla ahiMsA hI hai tathA ve ahiMsA kI siddhi hetu hone ke kAraNa ahiMsA pratipAdana ke lie hI zAstra meM pratipAdita hue haiN| sabhI dharmoM meM ise mahatva diyA gayA hai tathA ahiMsA ko kisI na kisI prakAra se apane jIvana meM sthAna die binA dhArmika jIvana saMbhava hI nahIM hai| ataH isa mahatvapUrNa siddhAnta evaM jIvana ke anivArya aMga ko bhalIbhA~ti samajha lenA parama Avazyaka hai| ahiMsA kA artha sAmAnyataH hiMsA kA artha hai - dUsare ko mAranA yA kaSTa pahu~cAnA aura ahiMsA kA artha hai kisI ko kaSTa na 24 ahiMsA paramo dhrmH|
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________________ phuNcaanaa| vyAsa ke anusAra ahiMsA kA artha hai : " sarvathA sarvadA sarvabhUtAnAM anabhidroha: " - arthAt sarvathA, sadA sabhI prANiyoM ke prati sabhI prakAra ke dveSa-droha - bhAva kA tyAga / ahiMsA mUlaka jaina dharma ke pravartaka vardhamAna mahAvIra kahate haiM - 'jise tU hanana karane yogya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai, jise tU AjJA meM rakhane yogya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai / " jIva kA vadha apanA hI vadha hai| jIva kI dayA apanI hI dayA hai| ataH Atma hitaiSI puruSoM ne sabhI taraha kI jIva hiMsA kA parityAga kiyA hai / " prANI hatyA karanA svayaM kI hatyA ke samAna hai, isa bAta kI pratidhvani IzAvAsyopaniSad meM bhI milatI hai. - tAM asUryAnAma te lokA andhena tamasAvRtAH / pretyAbhi gacchanti ye ke cAtmahanojanAH / / arthAt AtmA kA hanana karane vAle loga maraNoparAnta andhakAra se AvRta lokoM ko jAte haiN| ajJAnI loga apane advaya AtmasvarUpa ko nahIM jAnate ve maraNoparAnta punaH punaH janma grahaNa karate haiM tathA punaH punaH mRtyu ko prApta hote haiM arthAt ve bAra-bAra apanI hI mRtyu kA kAraNa banate haiN| dehAtmabodha ke kAraNa hama svayaM ko dUsaroM se pRthak samajhate haiM tathA usake kAraNa rAga dveSAdi utpanna hote haiM / jahA~ dvaita hai, do haiM, vahIM bhaya hai- dvitIyA dvai bhayam bhavati / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA kathana hai, rAga Adi kI anutpatti hI ahiMsA hai tathA unakI utpatti hiMsA hai / " aprAdurbhAvaH khalu rAgAdInAM bhavatyahiMsoti / teSAmevotpatti hiMseti jinAgamasya saMkSepaH / / " tAtparya yaha ki advaita meM pratiSThita hokara rAgAdi ko jIte binA ahiMsA meM pratiSThA sambhava nahIM hai / karma siddhAnta ke anusAra bhI hama kucha isI prakAra ke niSkarSa para Ate haiM / isa siddhAnta ke anusAra zarIra kA ahiMsA paramo dharmaH jaina saMskRti kA Aloka janma tathA mRtyu usake sukha-duHkha sabhI prArabdha karma ke adhIna hote haiN| ataH yadi koI kisI kI hatyA karatA hai athavA kisI ko kaSTa pahu~cAtA hai, to karma siddhAnta ke anusAra isake pIche pUrva janmoM ke karma hI uttaradAyI haiM tathA bhaviSya meM hiMsaka athavA kaSTa dene vAle ko isakA phala bhoganA hogaa| kahA bhI gayA hai : sukhasya duHkhasya na ko'pi dAtA / paro dadAtIti kubuddhi reSA / / ahaM karomIti vRthAbhimAna / svakarmasUtreNa grathito hi lokaH / / arthAt sukha aura duHkha kA dAtA anya koI nahIM hai / yaha socanA ki dUsarA sukha-duHkha pradAna karatA hai| kubuddhi hai; maiMne aisA kiyA hai, yaha vyartha kA abhimAna hai / vastutaH sabhI svakarma ke sUtra dvArA ba~dhe haiN| tAtparya yaha ki karmavAda ke anusAra para hiMsA jaisI koI cIja nahIM hai / dUsare ko mArane se svayaM kI hI hAni hotI hai| yadi kisI vyakti yA pazu ko bA~dhakara usakI zakti kA hanana kiyA jAya to isake pariNAma svarUpa baMdhanakartA kI indriyA~ nisteja ho jAtI haiN| dUsaroM ko duHkha pradAna karane para nArakIya duHkha prApta hotA hai, tathA dUsare kA prANa harane se yA to vyakti alpAyu hotA hai, athavA dIrghAyu hone para bhI rugNa hotA hai| isa taraha dUsare ko kaSTa dene para hama vastutaH svayaM ko kaSTa dene kI hI bhUmikA taiyAra karate haiM / vizuddha vyAvahArika dRSTi se yadi dekhA jAe bhI pUrNa ahiMsA saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotI / zarIra dhAraNa ke lie nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM hiMsA ko svIkAra karanA hI par3atA hai| zvAsa-prazvAsa meM asaMkhya kITANu marate haiM; calane-phirane meM bhI choTe-moTe aneka kIr3e-makor3e pairoM tale kucala jAte haiM; vanaspatiyoM meM bhI prANa hotA hai tathA usakA bhojana bhI eka prakAra kI hiMsA hai| vastutaH jIvana dhAraNa meM eka prANI dUsare ko AhAra banAkara hI jIvita rahatA hai| kR 25
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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni kA vidhAna hai| ataH vyAvahArika, bhautika stara para pUrNa ne salAma kiyA aura kahA ki kyA ve mAMsa leNge| santa ne ahiMsA asaMbhava hai| jo sAdhaka isa satya ko samajha lete kahA ki unheM mAMsa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| dukAnadAra ne haiN| pUrNa rUpa se AtmasAt kara lete haiM, tathA svayaM ke prativAda karate hue kahA, "janAba, Apake zarIra meM mAMsa astitva ke lie prANi hiMsA nahIM cAhate, ve jitanA zIghra bilkula nahIM hai, Apako to mAMsa kI jarUrata hai, kyoMki hI, saMsAra bandhana se mukta honA cAhate haiM, jisase punaH mAMsa se hI mAMsa banatA hai| sUphI santa ne kSaNa bhara ruka janma na lenA par3e aura na hI dUsare prANiyoM kI hiMsA karanI kara uttara diyA, "merI deha meM jitanA mA~sa hai, utanA kabra pdd'e| ve bhoga ke sthAna para yoga kA Azraya lete haiM | jo ke kIr3oM ke lie kAphI hai" aura ve Age bar3ha gye| una kramazaH alpa se alpatara hiMsA kA mArga hai| ahiMsA ke santa ke lie svayaM kI deha kabra ke kIr3oM kI deha se sandarbha meM yoga kA artha hai - nyUnatama hiMsA kA jiivn| adhika mUlyavAn nahIM raha gayI thii| svayaM kI AtmA ke samAna hI samasta prANiyoM kI zrIrAmakRSNa ne bhI "sarvAtmaikatva" ke anubhava ke AtmA hai, isa satya kA sAkSAtkAra karanA hI jIvana kA phalasvarUpa svayaM kI rugNa deha ko svastha karanA asvIkAra uddezya hai, aura jo yogI samasta prANiyoM ke sukha-duHkha kara diyA thaa| ghaTanA usa samaya kI hai jaba ve gale ke apane sukha-duHkha ke rUpa meM anubhava karatA hai, vaha gItA kaiMsara se pIr3ita the tathA usake kAraNa kucha bhI khA-pI nahIM ke anusAra sarvottama yogI hai| sakate the| gale meM tIvra pIr3A hotI thI tathA zarIra dhIresarva bhUtasthamAtmAna sarvabhUtAni cAtmAni / dhIre durbala hotA calA jA rahA thaa| ve gale ke roga-grasta IkSate yoga yuktAtmA sarvatra smdrshnH|| aMza para mana ko ekAgra karake use ThIka karane kI saMbhAvanA ko unhoMne yaha kaha kara asvIkAra kara diyA ki Atmaupamyena sarvatra samaM pazyati yo'rjunH| jo deha mA~ jagadambA ko arpita kI jA cukI hai, usa para sukhaM vA yadi vA duHkhaM sa yogI paramo mtH|| ve mana ko ekAgra nahIM kara skte| lekina bhaktoM ke eka saMnyAsI ke jIvana kA carama Adarza isI satya atyadhika Agraha ko ve asvIkAra nahIM kara sake aura kI upalabdhi karanA hai| vaha samasta prANiyoM ko abhaya unake Agraha para unhoMne mAM jagadambA se prArthanA kI ki pradAna karatA hai, kyoMki sabhI prANI usI ke aMga haiN| gale ko thor3A ThIka kara deM jisase ki ve kucha khA skeN| "abhayaM sarvabhUteSu manaHsarva prvrtte|" yahI kAraNa hai ki mAM jagadambA ne jo uttara diyA vaha vastutaH zrI rAmakRSNa kisI prANI kI hiMsA karanA sAdhya ke viruddha hone se kI uccatama advaita jJAna meM pratiSThA kA dyotaka hai| mA~ tyAjya hai| svAmI vivekAnanda ke anusAra anyAya kA jagadambA ne sabhI bhaktoM ko dikhAkara kahA ki tU itane pratikAra na karanA" Resist not Evil saMnyAsa kA Adarza mukhoM se to khA rahA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jJAnI mahApuruSa hai, kyoMki anyAya karane vAlA bhI usI kA eka rUpa hai| sarvatra apanI hI AtmA kA darzana karane ke phalasvarUpa ahiMsA ke isa uccatama rUpa ko kucha dRSTAntoM ke dvArA svayaM kI deha kI vizeSa sevA suzrUSA kI icchA nahIM samajhA jA sakatA hai| eka kRzakAya tapasvI sUphI santa krte| ve kevala loka kalyANa ke lie alpatama hiMsA mAMsa kI eka dakAna ke sAmane se gajarate hae kSaNa bhara ke ko svIkAra kara daha dhAraNa karate haiN| lie vahIM khar3e ho ge| unheM dekhakara musalamAna dukAnadAra uparyukta vizleSaNa se do bAteM spaSTa ho gaI hoNgii| 26 ahiMsA paramo dharmaH |
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________________ jaina saMskRti kA Aloka prathama to yaha ki hiMsA karane se svayaM kI hiMsA hotI hai, aura parahiMsA jaisI koI cIja nahIM hai; aura dvitIya yaha ki ahiMsA ke tIna stara sambhava haiN| (1) pAramArthika arthAt sarvabhUtAtmAnubhUti meM pratiSThita honA, (ii) mAnasika- yAne rAga-dveSa se rahita honA aura (3) vyAvahArika jo vAcika aura zArIrika ina do prakAra kI ho sakatI hai| pAramArthika ahiMsA sAdhya hai tathA anya do sAdhana hai| mAnasika ahiMsA ko bhAva ahiMsA bhI kahA jAtA hai, aura vAcika aura zArIrika hiMsA athavA ahiMsA, dravya hiMsA athavA dravya ahiMsA ke nAma se bhI abhihita hotI hai| isake atirikta ahiMsA ke nakArAtmaka tathA vidheyAtmaka, isa taraha do pakSa bhI ho sakate haiN| kisI ko kaSTa na denA, hatyA na karanA, kisI se dveSa ghRNA na karanA nakArAtmaka pakSa hai, jaba ki dUsaroM kI sevA, prema, karuNA, maitrI kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa karanA Adi vidheyAtmaka pakSa ke antargata Ate haiN| jisa samAja meM ahiMsA kA pAlana tathA sarvAtmabhAva kI pratiSThA jitanI adhika hogI vaha samAja utanA hI adhika vikasita samAja khlaaegaa| pAramArthika ahiMsA ke Adarza ko samajhane evaM svIkAra karane meM kisI ko Apatti nahIM ho sktii| usI taraha mAnasika ahiMsA arthAt ghRNA, rAga, dveSa ke tyAga ke viSaya meM vivAda saMbhava nahIM hai| lekina sthUla bAhya hiMsA, athavA zArIrika, vyAvahArika stara para hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA kyA rUpa honA cAhie? isa viSaya ko lekara matabheda hai| eka mata ke anusAra pAramArthika ahiMsA meM pratiSThita vyakti kisI bhI prakAra kI hiMsA kyoM na kare vaha hiMsA nahIM kahI jA sakatI jaisA ki gItA meM bhagavAn zrIkRSNa ne arjuna ko upadeza diyA thaa| dUsarA mata kahatA hai ki jo vyakti ahiMsA meM pratiSThita hai, vaha bAhya hiMsA kA tyAga kyoM na kre| yahI nahIM, agara koI vyakti ThIka- ThIka pAramArthika ahiMsA meM pratiSThita ho jAya to usase kisI kI hiMsA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| vaha prANiyoM kI hiMsA karane ke badale apane zarIra kA tyAga zreyaskara hI smjhegaa| yaha mata rAma aura kRSNa jaise zastradhArI mahApuruSoM ko pUrNa virakta zukadevAdi kI tulanA meM nimna koTi kA samajhatA hai| hiMsA kA artha jisa prakAra ahiMsA ko eka vyApaka dRSTi se dekhA jA sakatA hai usI prakAra vyApaka arthoM meM hiMsA ke bhI kaI rUpa ho sakate haiN| zAstrakAroM ne hiMsA "prANa viyogAnakala vyApAra". "prANa vatticcheda" Adi padoM dvArA samajhAne kA prayala kiyA hai| vRtti kA artha hai vaha vyavasAya yA kriyA jisase kamAI kara hamArI jIvikA calatI hai| vRtticcheda kA artha hai - usa kamAI yA poSaNa kA mArga banda kara denaa| yathA, vRkSa ko kATane ke badale usakI jar3a se miTTI, jala, khAda Adi haTA denA - isase per3a ko kATA to nahIM vaha svayaM binA AhAra ke mara gyaa| athavA kisI jAnavara ko talavAra se nahIM mAranA, para usake nAka mu~ha Adi banda kara denA, athavA kisI aparAdhI ko patthara se bA~dhakara pAnI meM Dubo denA jisase vaha vAyu ke abhAva meM mara jaae| isI bhAva kA thor3A vistAra karane para dekheMge ki kisI vyakti kI naukarI chIna lenA athavA aisI sAmAjika paristhiti kara denA jisase AjIvikA upArjana kaThina ho jAye, hiMsA ke antargata A jaayeNge| sAmAnyataH yadi hamArI koI lAparavAhI yA pramAda se kaSTa pAye yA mRtyu ko prApta ho, use hiMsA nahIM maante| yathA sar3aka para koI vyakti chaTapaTAtA par3A hai aura hama use dekhate hue bhI uThAkara aspatAla le jAne ke badale upekSA karake vahIM chor3akara cale jAyeM aura yadi vaha mara jAye to mRtyu kA doSa lgegaa| yadi hama eka aise samAja meM rahate haiM jo hiMsA evaM mAnava utpIr3ana ko protsAhita karatA hai, aura phira bhI usake viruddha bolate taka nahIM, to prakArAntara se hama usakA anumodana hI karate haiN| | ahiMsA paramo dharmaH 27
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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni uparyukta vyApaka dRSTi se viSaya kA avalokana karane para yaha samajhanA AsAna ho jAegA ki ahiMsA ko paMca yamoM meM kyoM pramukha sthAna diyA gayA hai tathA satyAdi bhI ahiMsA ke aMga kyoM mAne gaye haiM? satya kA artha hai asatya bhASaNa kara dUsare ko kaSTa na denA / asteya arthAt dUsare ke sattva kA haraNa kara use kaSTa na denA / parigraha kA artha hai jina vastuoM para dUsaroM kI dRSTi hai, vaha mere dvArA bhogI jAye yaha bhAva tathA AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha karanA / saMsAra meM bhojana kA eka bhI aisA kaura nahIM hai, jisa para makkhI, cIMTI, cir3iyA~ Adi kI dRSTi na ho itanA hote hue bhI jo inakA saMgraha karatA hai, vaha hiMsA karatA hai / - ataH isase virata honA aparigraha hai / isI taraha dUsare ko bhogya na samajhanA evaM bhoktRtva kI hiMsA na karanA hI brahmacarya hai| durbhAgya yaha hai ki anAdi kAla se jIvana ke lie saMgharSa meM rata mAnava ke lie hiMsA svAbhAvika ho gaI hai use sIkhanA nahIM par3atA / lekina ahiMsA ke lie zikSA Avazyaka hai, evaM hiMsA ke tyAga dvArA ahiMsA ke saMskAroM ko dRr3ha karanA Avazyaka hai / ahiMsA kI sAdhanA ahiMsA ke svarUpa kI vistRta vyAkhyA kA uddezya usakI sAdhanA ke prakAra tathA upAyoM ko bhalibhA~ti samajhanA hai| jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai, ahiMsA ke tIna stara haiM: pAramArthika, mAnasika aura zArIrika / pAramArthika ahiMsA lakSya hai, evaM mAnasika aura zArIrika ahiMsA usa lakSya ko pAne ke upAya / ina upAyoM meM mAnasika ahiMsA yA bhAva ahiMsA, zArIrika yA dravya ahiMsA se adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| kyoMki mana se ahiMsaka athavA zAnta hue binA jIvana meM hiMsA kA samyak tyAga saMbhava nahIM hai / bhAva ahiMsA yA mAnasika ahiMsA kI sAdhanA (1) sarvatra Atma darzana kA abhyAsa - isa pAramArthika satya ko bAra-bAra vicAra dvArA mana meM biThAne kA prayatna 28 karanA cAhie tathA laukika vyavahAra ke samaya mana meM isa bAta kA smaraNa karate rahanA cAhie ki sarvatra eka hI paramAtma sattA vidyamAna hai jo merI AtmA se abhinna hai / pAramArthika satya para sIdhe AdhArita hue bhI yaha sAdhanA AsAna nahIM hai| ataH isase utara kara kucha nimna stara para mana se hiMsA tathA hiMsA sambandhita bhAvoM ko tyAgane kA prayatna kiyA jAnA cAhie / (2) vaira tyAga kI sAdhanA - mAnasika stara para ahiMsA vaira, ghRNA ityAdi ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hotI hai / vaira bhI para-pAtra ke bheda se cAra prakAra kA hotA hai| jisake sukha hamArA svArtha nahIM rahatA yA jisake sukha se hamAre svArtha kA vyAghAta hotA hai, usako sukhI dekhane se unakA cintana karane se sAdhAraNa citta prAyaH IrSyAlu hote haiM / usI prakAra zatru Adi ko dukhI dekhane se niSThura harSa umar3atA hai / jo hamAre apane matAnusArI nahIM haiM para puNyakarmA haiM, aise vyaktiyoM kI pratiSThA Adi dekhane se yA cintana karane se mana meM asUyA yA amudita bhAva Ate haiM aura jo puNyakarmA nahIM haiM unake prati (yadi svArtha nahIM rahe to ) amarSa yA kruddha tathA pizuna bhAva uThate haiN| isa prakAra IrSyA, niSThura harSa, amuditA tathA kruddha pizuna bhAva hiMsA yA vaira ke hI cAra prakAra haiM / inheM sukhI ke prati maitrI bhAva, duHkhI ke prati karuNA, puNyAtmA ke prati muditA yA prasannatA kI bhAvanA tathA apuNyAtmAoM kI upekSA ke dvArA dUra karanA caahie| ina bhAvanAoM ko dRr3ha karane vAlI aneka prArthanAe~ sabhI dharmoM meM pracalita hai, tathA unakA pratidina pATha kara ina bhAvanAoM ko mana meM dRr3ha karanA mAnasika ahiMsA kI sAdhanA kA aMga hai| yaha bhAva nimna zloka meM sundara rUpa se vyakta huA hai : sattveSu maitrIM guNiSu pramodaM kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpAparatvam / mAdhyastha bhAvaM viparItavRttau sadA mamAtmA vidadhAtu deva ! ahiMsA paramo dharmaH
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________________ jaina saMskRti kA Aloka paradoSa darzana, pratispardhA, dUsare ko pIche r3hakela kara kA AdhAra bhI ahiMsA hai| isa vicAra ko dRr3ha karanA Age nikala jAne kI icchA evaM prayatna, ye bhI hiMsA ke hI caahie| hiMsA aparihArya hote hue bhI jIvana kA AdhAra aMga haiN| ye Aja ke yuga meM jIvana ke anivArya aMga bana yA dizA nirdezaka nahIM ho sktii| ahiMsA sabhI naitikatA, gaye haiN| ataH yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama yaha svIkAra kareM ki sabhI dharmoM kA mUla hai, tathA vahI dharma kA zAzvata, zuddhatama ye ahiMsA ke virodhI haiM tathA inheM protsAhana pradAna na kreN| rUpa hai| vastutaH ahiMsA koI guNa vizeSa nahIM - vaha to dUsaroM ke guNoM meM doSa dekhanA asUyA kahalAtA hai| "para aneka guNoM kI samaSTi hai| zAnti, prema, karuNA, dayA guNeSu doSAviSkAram" / / anasUyA kA artha hai - na guNAn kalyANa maMgala, abhaya, rakSA, kSamA, apramAda Adi sabhI guNino hanti stoti caanygunnaanpi| na haseccAnya doSAzca guNa ahiMsA ke hI paryAya evaM aMga-pratyaMga haiN| prema, AtmIyatA, sAnasUyA prkiirtitaaH| arthAt dUsare ke guNoM kA hanana na tyAga, samatA, karuNA, ahiMsA ke AdhAra haiN| sabhI prANiyoM karake unakI stati karanA tathA dUsare ke doSoM kI haMsI na ke prati samabhAva se vyavahAra karanA yahI ahiMsA hai| sabhI ur3AnA anasUyA kahalAtA hai| mAnavoM, prANiyoM ko zAntipUrNa DhaMga se jIne kA adhikAra hai ataH jahA~ bhI jIvana hai usakA Adara karanA ahiMsA kA hI ahiMsA se sambandhita bhAvanAe~ rUpa hai| yahI nahIM vyAvahArika stara para sahayoga evaM sahAyatA ___maitryAdi caturbhAvanAoM ke atirikta mAnasika ahiMsA ke binA jIvana hI saMbhava nhiiN| ataH saha-astitva ke lie kI sAdhanA ke lie hiMsA vRtti ke doSoM ko dekhakara usake bhI ahiMsA aparihArya hai| bhale hI hiMsA kA pUrNarUpeNa prati tyAjya buddhi prabala banAnA Avazyaka hai| kRta, parityAga saMbhava na ho to bhI yaha to nizcita hai ki jitanI kArita, vAMchita aura anumodita, ye hiMsA ke cAra prakAra kama hiMsA ho, utanA hI jIvana zreSThatara hogA - 'Loss punaH lobha, moha aura krodha ye hiMsAe~ trividha prakAra kI killing is better living.' sAdhanA meM pravRtta tyAgI sAdhaka hotI hai| cAhe kaisI bhI hiMsA ho, aparihArya karma siddhAnta samasta prANiyoM ko saMkalpa dvArA abhaya pradAna karatA hai| ke kAraNa duHkhadAyaka hotI hai| vandhanAdi dvArA kisI ke agara kisI saMyoga athavA kAraNavaza use hiMsA meM pravRtta vIrya kA nAza karane ke phalasvarUpa hiMsaka ke mana aura honA par3e, aisA kArya karanA par3e jisase dUsare ko kaSTa ho indriyA~ durbala vIryahIna ho jAtI haiN| dUsaro ko duHkha to use isake lie pazcAtApa karanA caahie| "dhikkAra hai pradAna karane ke kAraNa hiMsaka ko naraka, tiryag Adi mujhe ki maiM samasta prANiyoM ko abhaya-pradAna karane ke bAda yoniyoM meM duHkha sahana karanA par3atA hai aura kisI prANI punaH isake viparIta kArya kara rahA huuN| isa taraha svayaM ko ke prANa nAza karane ke phalasvarUpa hiMsaka yA to svayaM kosanA, ahiMsA kI bhAvanAoM ko mana meM baiThAne meM atyanta alpAyu hotA hai, athavA dIrghAyu hokara bhI bahuta samaya / upayogI hai|" ..."maiM abhI taka ahiMsA meM pratiSThita nahIM taka rugNa rahakara mRtyu tulya kaSTa bhogatA hai| isa prakAra ho sakA" yaha socakara kSobha karanA cAhie tathA kisI bhI hiMsA ke duSpariNAmoM kA cintana kara usake prati tyAga sthiti meM hiMsA kA anumodana nahIM karanA caahie| vartamAna buddhi dRr3ha karanI caahie| samaya meM jaba hiMsA kI sarvatra vRddhi ho rahI hai tathA use anivArya evaM Avazyaka mAnA jAne lagA hai, ahiMsA evaM isI prakAra ahiMsA ke guNa kA cintana karanA caahie| saha-astitva ke siddhAntoM para se logoM kI AsthA haTatI ahiMsA meM hI sukha aura zAnti hai tathA samAja kI vyavasthA jA rahI hai aisI sthiti meM punaH ahiMsA ke prati Adara | ahiMsA paramo dharmaH 26
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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni sthApita karane ke lie uparyukta bhAvanA karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai / svAmI vivekAnanda ne kahA hai : There is no justifiable killing and there is no righteous anger. arthAt hiMsA kI puSTi aura krodha kI tuSTi nahIM ho sakatI / vyAvahArika stara ahiMsA kI sAdhanA - jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai, pUrNa ahiMsA eka uccatama Adarza hai jisakA pAlana vyAvahArika dainandina jIvana meM lagabhaga asambhava hai / ataH nyUnatama hiMsAyukta jIvana yApana karanA hI ahiMsA kI sAdhanA kA vyAvahArika rUpa hai / isa dRSTi se hiMsA ke cAra prakAra kiye jA sakate haiM (1) saMkalpI (2) virodhI (3) udyogI ( 4 ) AraMbhI / saMkalpI - saMkalpa pUrvaka, mAnasika uttejanA sahita tathA jAna bUjhakara dUsare kA akalyANa karane ke uddezya se kI gayI hiMsA saMkalpI kahI jAtI hai / 2. virodhI - svayaM tathA svayaM se sambandhita logoM kI nirIha, niraparAdha kI rakSA ke lie jisa hiMsA ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai vaha virodhI hiMsA kahalAtI hai / dharmayuddha isa antargata Ate haiN| 3. udyogI - khetIbADI, vyavasAyAdi meM anivArya rUpa se yukta hiMsA ko udyogI hiMsA kahA gayA hai / 4. AraMbhI - jIvana nirvAha ke sAtha jur3I huI hiMsA, yathA makAna sApha karane, bhojana pakAne, kapar3e dhone Adi meM honevAlI hiMsA / saMkalpI hiMsA kA tyAga to sarvadA sarvathA kiyA hI jAnA caahie| zeSa tIna prakAra kI hisAeM pUrI taraha se tyAgI nahIM jA sktiiN| unheM bhI yathA saMbhava kama karane kA prayatna karanA caahie| yaha sadA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki niraparAdha aura asambaddha vyakti yA prANI ko kisI prakAra kA kaSTa na pahu~ce / 30 anya yama-niyamoM kA anuSThAna - jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, vibhinna yama niyamoM meM ahiMsA sarva prathama evaM pramukha hai tathA ye sAre yama niyama, ahiMsA kI siddhi ke lie hI haiM / yaha bhI batAyA jA cukA hai ki asatya, parigraha, corI tathA abrahmacarya prakArAntara se hiMsA ke hI rUpa haiM / ataH inakA tyAga evaM satya, asteya, aparigraha evaM brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA ahiMsA ke hI rUpa haiM / vastutaH samasta AdhyAtmika sAdhanAe~ ahiMsA ke lakSya kI ora le jAnevAlI hI haiM / eka sarala zAnta, pavitra anADaMbarayukta jIvana vyatIta karanA ahiMsaka hone ke lie paramAvazyaka hai| vizeSakara Adhunika kAla meM jaba hamAre jIvana nirvAha ke lie tathA sukha suvidhA Adi ke lie anya prANiyoM ko kaSTa denA avazyaMbhAvI ho gayA hai / ahiMsA kA vidhyAtmaka pakSa - ahiMsA kA artha kevala kisI kI hatyA na karanA yA kaSTa na pahu~cAnA mAtra nahIM hai usakA eka bhAva rUpa, vidhyAtmaka pakSa bhI hai / sabhI para dayAlu bhAva rakhanA tathA para pIr3A nivRtti bhI ahiMsA ke hI rUpa haiM / ataH sevA, dAna Adi dvArA dUsaroM ke duHkha dUra karane kA prayatna karanA bhI ahiMsA kA hI prakAra hai / ahiMsA : eka vrata ke rUpa meM - jaina dharma meM ahiMsA ko sarvocca sthAna pradAna kiyA gayA hai| jaina gRhastha evaM saMnyAsI aneka vratoM kA pAlana karate haiM jinameM ahiMsA vrata sabase mahatvapUrNa hai| saMnyAsI, kRta, kArita aura anumodita, mana vacana evaM zarIra se kI gaI sabhI hiMsA kA pUrI taraha tyAga karatA hai / arthAt zarIra, mana yA vANI se na kisI kI hiMsA karanA yA kaSTa pahu~cAnA, na aisA karavAnA aura na kisI ke dvArA kie gae kA anumodana krnaa| jaba isa prakAra kA AcAra jAti, deza, kAla aura samaya ke dvArA anavacchinna hotA hai, taba mahAvrata kahalAtA hai / ahiMsA paramo dharmaH
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________________ jAti dezasamayAnavacchinnAH sArvabhaumAH mahAvratam / ise samajhanA Avazyaka hai / jAti avacchinna ahiMsA kA udAharaNa hai machuoM kI matsyagata hiMsA aura anya jAtigata ahiMsA ( arthAt unakI hiMsA yadi kevala AjIvikArtha matsyoM taka sImita rahe aura anyatra ve ahiMsaka raheM to yaha jAti avachinna ahiMsA hogii| isI prakAra dezAvAcchinna ahiMsA hai "tIrtha meM hanana nahIM karU~gA ityAdi / " kAlAvacchinna ahiMsA hai caturdazI yA kisI puNya dina meM hanana nahIM karU~gA" ityAdi / yaha ahiMsA samayAvAcchinna bhI ho sakatI haiM jaise "deva brAhmaNa ke lie hiMsA karU~gA anya kisI prayojana se nahIM / " samaya kA artha kartavya ke lie niyama bhI ho sakatA hai| jaise arjuna ne kSatriya kartavya kI dRSTi se yuddha kiyA thA / isa taraha jAti, deza, kAlAdi dvArA avacchinna na hokara jo ahiMsA sarvathA, sarvadA, sarvAvasthA meM pAlana kI jAtI hai, vahI zreSTha hai, tathA mahAvrata kahalAtI hai| yogI jana isI kA pAlana karate haiM / jahA~ taka gRhasthoM kA prazna hai, unake lie mahAvrata saMbhava na hone ke kAraNa ve AMzika rUpa meM, krama pUrvaka, adhikAdhika kaThora vrata svIkAra kara ahiMsA kA pAlana karate haiM / jAna bUjha kara kisI bhI prANI kI zarIra se hiMsA nahIM karU~gA aura na hI karavAUMgA kevala anumodana kI chUTa rahatI hai / isa prakAra kA vrata aNuvrata kahalAtA hai / vastutaH isa prakAra ke apavAdayukta vrata to durbala mAnavoM ke lie rAhata pradAna karane jaise haiM evaM kramazaH hiMsA vRtti ko tyAga kara pUrI taraha ahiMsaka banAne kI dizA meM prathama kadama mAtra haiM / jAti, deza, kAlAdi ke bhI apavAda uparyukta rIti se svIkAra kie gae hai / ahiMsA - sAdhanA kI samasyAe~ - jaisA ki prAraMbha meM kahA jA cukA hai, anya yamoM kI taraha ahiMsA ke bhI do rUpa haiM; eka sAdhya aura eka sAdhana / sAdhya ke rUpa meM ahiMsA kA artha hai sarva prANiyoM meM AtmA kA darzana ahiMsA paramo dharmaH jaina saMskRti kA Aloka karanA, satya kA artha hai; AtmA hI ekamAtra satya hai, jagat mithyA hai, isa satya meM pratiSThita honA, brahmacarya kA artha hai sadA brahmasvarUpa meM vicaraNa karanA ityAdi / lekina sAdhana ke rUpa meM ina tInoM ke kaI stara haiM, evaM anya sAdhanoM kI taraha inakI bhI samasyAe~ haiN| pahalI samasyA to yaha hai ki sabhI sAdhanoM kA lakSya eka hote hue bhI sabhI ke lie eka sAdhana saMbhava nahIM hai / koI satya ko sAdhanA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara sakatA hai, koI ahiMsA para bala de sakatA hai athavA koI brahmacarya ko lekara Age bar3ha sakatA hai| sabhI sAdhana paraspara sambandhita avazya haiM lekina bhinna-bhinna sAdhaka bhinna-bhinna sAdhanoM para bala dete haiN| yahI nahIM, pAtra, deza aura kAla ke anusAra bhI parivartana hotA hai / udAharaNa ke lie jisa garIba vyakti ko apane parivAra ke bharaNa poSaNa ke lie rojI roTI ke lie kaThora parizrama karanA par3a rahA hai jise apane tathA apane parivAra ke astitva ko banAye rakhane ke lie saMgharSarata rahanA par3a rahA hai usake lie ahiMsA paramodharma evaM carama lakSya hote hue bhI tAtkAlika sAdhana nahIM ho sktaa| jisa deza ko sadA bAharI zatruoM ke AkramaNa kA bhaya banA rahatA ho usake lie bhI ahiMsA kA saMpUrNa pAlana sambhava nahIM hai | durbala balahIna vyakti ko ahiMsA kA Adarza aura adhika durbala banA sakatA hai| kSamA vIrasya bhUSaNam / ahiMsA uccatama yA paramAdarza hai, lekina samAja meM kabhI bhI uccatama Adarza kA AcaraNa karane vAle virale vyakti hI hote haiM / vyAvahArika stara para dainandina jIvana ke stara para nirantara Adarza ko svIkAra karanA hotA hai anyathA sAre samAja kA patana hotA hai| sabhI sAdhanoM kI dUsarI samasyA yaha hai ki sAdhana hI sAdhya bana jAte haiN| una para itanA adhika bala diyA jAne lagatA hai ki loga lakSya ko bhUla jAte haiM / yaha durAgraha evaM kaTTaravAditA kA rUpa letA hai | ahiMsA ke sambandha meM bhI yahI bAta hai / ahiMsA ke prati durAgraha vAle loga cIMTI, macchara, kIr3e-makor3e Adi ko bacAne meM hI 31
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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni apanA sArA samaya gaMvA dete haiM aura yadi kahIM galatI se svayaM bhojana karake apane aneka bhUkhe bhaktoM kI kSudhA kIr3A mara jAya to atyadhika zoka karane lagate haiN| ve nivRtti kI thii| yaha bhI tabhI sambhava hai jaba ve svayaM ko bhUla jAte haiM ki isa sAdhanA kA carama lakSya sarvabhUtoM meM sabhI kI dehoM meM avasthita dekheN| eka mAMjhI ke dUsare svayaM kI AtmA kA darzana karanA hai| mAMjhI para karAghAta karane para svayaM usakA anubhava karanA isase sambandhita eka aura samasyA hai| sabhI sAdhanoM tathA ghAsa para cala rahe vyakti ke padAghAta ko svayaM ke kI taraha ahiMsA ke bhI do pakSa haiN| sthUla - zArIrika sIne para anubhava karanA bhI zrIrAmakRSNa ke pAramArthika ahiMsA meM pratiSThita hone ke dRSTAnta haiN| ve sarvatra yahA~ taka athavA bhautika tathA sUkSma - bhAvarUpa, athavA maansik| kAlAntara meM sthUla para adhika bala diyA jAne lagatA hai ki vanaspati meM bhI AtmA kA darzana karate the, ataH eka kyoMki vaha sarala hotA hai, AsAnI se samajha meM AtA hai, avasthA aisI AI thI jaba ve harI dUba para paira nahIM rakha tathA pratyakSa dikhAI detA hai, usakI sAmAjika mAnyatA sakate the tathA use bacA kara, sukhI jamIna para paira rakha hotI hai tathA prazaMsA bhI prApta hotI hai| ahiMsA ke sambandha rakha kara calate the| meM bhI yahI bAta hai| mAnasika yA bhAva ahiMsA adhika jahA~ taka bhAva ahiMsA athavA mAnasika ahiMsA kA mahatvapUrNa hote hue bhI adhika kaThina hotI hai| kisI prazna hai, isameM bhI zrIrAmakRSNa pUrNa pratiSThita the| unakA prANI kI hatyA nahIM karanA AsAna hai lekina kisI ke janma hI jagata ke kalyANa ke lie haA thaa| dakhI. prati dveSa bhAva pUrI taraha tyAganA kaThina hai| ataH ahiMsA vada. Arta prANiyoM ke lie ve karuNA se parNa the. tathA bhI kAlAntara meM prANI hatyA nahIM karanA, nirAbhiSa bhojana unakA samagra jIvana dUsaroM ke kaSTa lAghava karane tathA unheM tyAga Adi meM hI parivartita hokara raha jAtI hai| maitrI mukti pradAna karane meM hI bItA thaa| sukhI evaM puNyAtmAoM bhAva bar3hAne ko gauNa mahatva milane lagatA hai| yahI nahIM, ke prati unake mana meM muditA evaM maitrI kA bhAva thaa| ve sAdhanA kA nakArAtmaka pakSa prabala ho jAtA hai| dUsaroM ke unake darzana karake Anandita hote the tathA unase maitrI kaSTa ko lAghava karanA bhI ahiMsA kA aMga hai, yaha bAta sthApita karate the| kezava candrasena, devendranAtha ThAkura evaM gauNa ho jAtI hai| anyAnya manISiyoM evaM santa puruSoM ke darzana karane ve svayaM rAmakRSNa vivekAnanda bhAvadhArA meM ahiMsA - vastutaH gae the| duSToM ke prati unake hRdaya meM upekSA kA bhAva thaa| sabhI avatArI mahApuruSa prema va ahiMsA ko zAzvata saMdeza jisa brAhmaNa pujArI ne unheM lAta se mArA thA, use kisI ke rUpa meM apane jIvana dvArA pradarzita karane evaM usakA prakAra hAni na ho, yaha soca kara unhoMne usakI bAta upadeza dene ke lie hI Ate haiN| zrIrAmakRSNa bhI isake zrImathuranAtha vizvAsa se nahIM khii| yahA~ taka ki zrIrAmakRSNa apavAda nahIM haiN| zrIrAmakRSNa kI jIvanI par3hane para yaha ne kisI kI nindA taka nahIM kii| prema kabhI doSa nahIM spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve eka brahmajJa puruSa the tathA atyanta dekhtaa| kisI kI nindA karanA athavA usake doSa dekhanA svAbhAvika rUpa se brahmAtmaikatva meM pratiSThita the| ahiMsA ke prema kA lakSaNa nahIM balki IrSyA evaM svayaM kI uccAbhilASA saMdarbha meM ve pAramArthika ahiMsA meM sarvadA pratiSThita the| __ kA phala hai| zrIrAmakRSNa kahA karate the ki kisI kA gale ke kainsara se pIr3ita ho jaba ve mu~ha se kama khA pI rahe / doSa nahIM dekhanA caahie| the taba bhI unheM yaha anubhUti thI ki ve asaMkhya bhaktoM ke bhaya ahiMsA kA virodhI hai| ahiMsaka sabhI prANiyoM mu~ha se khA rahe haiN| yaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba ve samasta ko abhaya pradAna karatA hai aura svayaM bhI sabhI se nirbhaya prANiyoM meM svayaM ko avasthita dekheN| eka bAra unhoMne ho jAtA hai kyoMki usakI yaha mAnyatA hotI hai ki sabhI 32 ahiMsA paramo dhrmH|
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________________ jaina saMskRti kA Aloka meM eka hI Atma sattA hai| vyAvahArika stara para bhaya para vijaya pAne kA prayatna karanA ahiMsA-sAdhanA kA eka aMga hai| zrIrAmakRSNa isakA upadeza diyA karate the| mAsTara mahAzaya eka bAra nAva ke DA~vADola hone para bhayabhIta hokara utara gae the| ve apane parivAravAloM se bhI bhayabhIta rahate the| zrIrAmakRSNa ne unheM ise tyAgane kA upadeza diyA thaa| ___ mA~ zAradA to prema va ahiMsA kI jIvanta pratimarti hI thiiN| "koI parAyA nahIM hai, sabhI apane haiM. sabhI ko apanA banAnA sIkho" - mA~ zAradA kA yaha upadeza ahiMsA aura prema kA hI upadeza hai| "kisI kA doSa na dekho" yaha unakA sabase mahattvapUrNa sandeza ahiMsA kA AdhAra hai| svAmI vivekAnanda ke anusAra bhI ahiMsA sarvopari hai| ve ahiMsA ke mahattva ko samajhane ke lie pavahArI bAbA kA dRSTAnta diyA karate the jinake lie sAMpa, cora Adi sabhI paramAtmA ke hI rUpa the| svAmI vivekAnanda kahate the ki jo parNa naitika hai vaha kisI prANI yA vyakti kI hiMsA nahIM kara sktaa| jo mukta honA cAhatA hai, use ahiMsaka bananA hogaa| jisameM pUrNa ahiMsA kA bhAva hai usase bar3hakara koI zaktizAlI nahIM hai| svayaM svAmIjI aisI sthiti meM avasthita the jahA~ se ve saMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM ke kaSToM kA anubhava kara sakate the| ve saMsAra ke uddhAra ke lie bAra-bAra janma lene ke lie bhI prastuta the| ahiMsA aura AhAra ahiMsA kI carcA karane para sAdhAraNatayA logoM meM kIr3e makor3oM kI hatyA na karanA tathA nirAmiSa bhojana kA vicAra AtA hai| uparyukta vizleSaNa se yaha spaSTa ho gayA hogA ki vAstavika ahiMsA ina sthUla viSayoM se kahIM adhika vyApaka hai| jisase ahiMsA ko vrata ke rUpa meM apanI sAdhanA ke pramukha aMga ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai use nizcita rUpa se mAMsAhAra athavA AmiSa bhojana kA tyAga karanA caahie| yogiyoM ke lie bhI AmiSa bhojana varjita hai| anya prANI ke mAMsa se svayaM ke zarIra ke poSaNa kA vicAra atyanta garhita hai| mAMsa-machalI Adi tamoguNI AhAra haiM, evaM kisI bhI sAdhaka ke lie upayogI nahIM mAne jA skte| zIta pradhAna dezoM meM rahane vAle loga bAlyakAla se hI mAMsAhAra karate haiN| unakA zarIra evaM mana mAMsa khAne kA abhyasta ho jAtA hai| lekina aise logoM ko bhI sAdhanA prArambha karane tathA kucha pragati karane para eka avasthA meM usakA tyAga kara nirAmiSa AhAra ko grahaNa karanA par3atA hai| hindU zAstroM meM kahA gayA hai ki maithuna, madyapAna evaM mAMsAhAra mAnavoM ke lie svAbhAvika hai, lekina inake tyAga meM mahAn puNya hai| AhAra kA mana para bhI prabhAva par3atA hai| AhArazuddhau sattvazuddhau dhruvaasmRtiH| ataH jahA~ taka AdhyAtmika sAdhaka kA prazna hai usake lie nirAmiSa AhAra hI zreSTha hai yaha bAta asaMdigdha hai| - svAmI brahmezAnanda supratiSThita AdhyAtmika saMsthAna zrI rAmakRSNa mizana ke eka variSTha sanyAsI haiN| Apane 1664 meM ema.DI. kI upAdhi prApta kI tathA bAisa varSoM taka rAmakRSNa mizana ke bRhada cikitsAlaya, vArANasI meM sevA kArya kiyaa| Ajakala Apa cennaI meM aMgrejI mAsika "vedAMta kesarI" kA saMpAdana kara rahe haiN| Apane jaina dharma para aMgrejI evaM hindI meM kaI Alekha likhe haiN| Apane mizana dvArA hindI meM "mahAvIra kI vANI" va aMgrejI meM "Thus spake Lord Mahavira" prakAzita kI hai| Apa eka zreSTha vaktA, ciMtaka evaM lekhaka haiN| -sampAdaka ahiMsA paramo dharmaH 33