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Vaishali Institute Research Bulletin No. 6
with him, he should then dress himself properly and follow him. He should neither keep himself too far from him nor to close to him. He should not interrupt the Upajjhāya when he was talking with others. If his speeches were offensive from the point of view of the Vinaya code, he should restrain him. He should return to the monastery early and make ready for his teacher a seat, a foot-stool, a foot-stand as also water for washing his feet. When the teacher would return, he should approach him and receive his bowl and robes and give him his undergarments for wearing. If his upper robe was wet due to perspiration he should dry it for a little while in the sun and fold it up. He should then keep it in its proper place. If there was food in the bowl and the Upajjhāya wished to eat he should give it to him with a glass of water. When he had eaten he should wash the bowl properly and keep it in its proper place. If the Upajjhaya desired to bathe, he should arrange for his bath. If he desired for cold or hot water, he should be given cold or het water. There were no servant in the Sangha. The novices had to do all sorts of menial works like servants. If the dwelling place of the Upajibāva became soiled a Saddhivibārika should cleanse it. Before cleaning the place he should take out the bowls, robes, mattresses, and the like and keep them on one side, and afterwards they should be duly put back to their original places. The cell (pariveņa), store-room (Kotthaka), prayer-hall (Upatthana-salā), fire-room (aggisālā) and even the privy (vaccakuti) were also to be cleaned by the Saddhivihārika when required. The Cullavagga gives us a detailed account of the Services of the novices. A Saddhiviharika was not allowed either to give or to accept a begging bowl without the consent of the Upajjhāya. He should not give or accept the robes without the consent of the preceptors. He should not cut his hair or get it cut without the consent of the preceptor. He should not serves others or get the service of others. He should not further collect alms frorn others. He should neither enter the village or a cemetery without the consent of the preceptor. In fact, he was not allowed to do anything without the consent of the Upajjhāya. If the Upajjhāya fel! ill, the Saddhivihārika should wait upon him till he fully recovered. In short, the aforesaid duties of the Saddhivihārika towards the Upajjhāya may be classified under the three types :-(i) Work regarding the Saddhivihārika himself, (ii) Works required for the service of the Upajjhāya, and (iii? Works regarding the well-being of the Sangha and those concerning the general hygine. An Upajjhāya should conduct himself properly towards his Saddhivihärika. He should treat the Saddhivihărika with kind care and attention. He should always keep
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