Vaishali Institute Research Bulletin 6

Author(s): L C Jain
Publisher: Research Institute of Prakrit Jainology & Ahimsa Mujjaffarpur

Page 304

Nature of Reality as Conceived in Jaina Philosophy
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substance, time and condition. So only Sattā is real from these aspects. 1 Besides, its manifestation is contingen upon that of Sat, for it is explained that the revealing knowledge of the principle of 'Sat' also manifests the non-existent, principle of Asat. That all which is 'Sat' is anekâtmaka in vastutvam (manifolded real entity! by all means due to its capacity to perform a function (arthakriyākāritvāt).
Therefore, Jaina Philosophy differs from other Indian systems of thought in regard to the interpretation of the nature of Sat. It holds the view that there cannot be such 'Sadvastu' (real entity) which is only kūțasthanitya (unchangeable permanent entity) in its entirety or only niranvayavināśi (momentary or constantly destroyable) or its one portion (aspect) is kūtasthanitya and other portion (aspect) is pariņāminitya (permanent-in-change or variable constant) or its some portions (aspects) are only nitya (permanent) and other portions are nitya (non-permanent). According to its doctrine, all substances, called 'Sat' (Saddravya), whether they are living or non-living, non-corporeal or corporeal, fine or gross, are characterized by the three aspects of Reality, viz. origination, decay and permanence. Therefore, "Sat' is the substratum of all these three potent factors,
In each substance there are two aspects; the one aspect is that it is eternal in three points of time (trikälas)--the past, present and future; and the other is that it is non-eternal. Owing to the cause of the eternal
1. “Dravyaksetrakālabhāvāntaraiḥ pratiședhaḥ samjñinaḥ sataḥ kriyate na punarasataḥ, tadvidhipratişedhavişayatyāt/"
Aştaśati, p. 193. Akalanka. Dravyādyantarabhāvena nişedhaḥ samjñinaḥ sataḥ asadbhedo na bhävasatu sthānam vidhinişedbayoh !”,
| Aptamiruānsa, 47, P. 26. 2. “Tadeva sataḥ prakāśakari pramāņamnasadapi prakāśayati /”,
Nyāyabhāsya, p. 2; see also Nyayadarśana, Vol. I, p. 14. 3. “Yat sat tat sarvamanekāmtatmakam vastuttvam sarvathä tadar
thakriyäkäritvāt !", Astašati, vide Aptainimaṁsā, p. 48. 4. "Utpadavyayadhrauvyayuktam Sat".
TS., Ch. V. 29. Tatvartha Sutra, Umasväti. “Samavedam khalu davvam sambhavathidināsasaņņidathehim Ekkammi ceva samaye tamnha davvam khu tattidayam /?”
Pravacanasāra, II. 10.