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Indian drama including the Greek influence. These will enfeeble also Frankes theory about the occurrence of the secondary Sanskrit. 21 Recently H. Luders?has expressed definite opinion against the identification of the Prākrit grammarian Vararuci with the Vārttikakāra and observed that the use of the old Prākrits in the Buddhists dramas excludes this identification directly. It is not without significance that the Prākrit grammar of Vararuci descrites by all means a stage of Prākrit, which is chronologically later than that represented by Bhāsas dramas. Thus Vararuci prescribes the transformation of the old Indian ry into jj in Saurasens, which appears almost without variation (3, 17): in Bhāsa the old Indian ry develops into yy without exception - Again in Sauraseni Vararuci prescribes the transformation of jñ into nn (12.8), but Bhăsa has either ññ or nn. According to Vararuci in Saurasenī the nom. acc. pl.ur. of the neuter a-stems has the ending - ai (12.11) (e.g. also the sūtra 5.26): Bhāsa employs only the ending - ņi. In the last time an attempt was made to place the Mudrårāraksasa in a very early period as early as the 4th century A.D.23 As one might consider. this too is impossible as it does not leave sufficient difference between the Prākrit of Kālidāsa and that of Visākhadatta and consequently Visakhadatta should be separated from Bhāsa by a longer stretch of period. 24
* The original paper is published in the journal of the Z.D.M.G., VOL. 72, 1918, pp. 2031. The Svapnavāsavadatta, p. XXVII. Trivandrum Sanskrit Series No. XV, Bhāsas works,
No. I, Trivandrum, 1912. 2. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1913, p. 189. 3. Giornale della Societa Asiatic Romana B 25 (1913), p. 95. 4. Essays on the history of culture and language-particularly of the east, dedicated to Ernst
Kuhn on his 70th birthday, Munich, 1916, p. 106f. 5. Die Entwickelungsstufe der Präkrit-dialekte in Bhāsas Dramen and die Datierung Bhāsas
- Abhandlungen der bohm. Akademie der Wiro., III. Klasse, No. 48, prog. 1917. The following dramas are taken into consideration. Svapnavāsavadatta, Pratijñāyaugandharāyana, Prancarātra, Avimāraka, Bălacarils, Madhyamavyāyoga, Dūtavākya, Dūtaghatotkaco, Karnabhāra, Urubhanga and Abhisekanātaka. H. Luders: Bruchsiūcke buddhistischen Dramen. Berlin 1911. S. 36, 42, 48, 6c. I cite only according to the pages. On the inadequacy of the Idian ... of E. Leumann. A request to the future editors of dramas and the ... prose-texts of the Indian literature, vol. 2, p. 161, 617.
H. Lüders, Bruchsiūcke, p. 48. 9. H. Lūders, Bruchstücke, p. 48
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