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be said that the gana form of government, where anarchy prevailed, according to the "Acharanga Sutra, has to be assigned to the Madhyadeśa.
The Canonical literature take it as a constitutional experiment which had been tried more than once in this country. The canons mention, such form of government as a living institution. The group where this constitution occurs, is composed of all real and historical form of government. The refering to the passege in the Acäränga Sūtra cited above, the author said that it mentioned in following form of government-the non-ruler states, the gana ruled states, the vairajya state and the viruddharajjani or state ruled by parties. Of these the yuvarāja states were evidently the type refered in khāravelas famous Hathigumpha inscription as on which the great monarch is said to have preceded over before his coronation (Yuvarajan pasasitan). Such a period of rule was considered as interregnum. Government was probably in the hands of some council of regency the sovereign being to young. Thus the Jainas refine the idea and belief of Hindus and establish their theories of the origin and development of the government in ancient India.
References:
1. W. Winternitz, A History of Indsan Literrture Vol. II, pp. 431-35, J. C. Jain, Life in Ancient India as Depticted in the Jaina Cannon, Bombay, 1947, p. 38
2. H. Jacobi, Jain Sutra, Pt. II, Introduction p. XL. (Secred Book of the East, XIX, pt I) M. C. Duff, The Chronology of India, p. 33 3. Acharanga Sutra, 11.3.10
4. K. P. Jayswal, Hindu Polity, p. 229.
5. The Uttarradhayana Sutra, IX, 6.66
6. H. Jacobi, Op. pt. II, 17-49, pp 37-40.
7. Cf. Manusmrti, I. 89. p. 24. VII, 87-95. pp. 230-31 & 238, X. 77-79,115, 419-23
8. H. Jacobi, Op. Cit. XVIII, 33-51, pp. 85-88.
9. Kp Jaysawal, Op. cef. pp. 26-27.
121
10. Achāranga Sūtra II, 13
11. Quoted in S. N. Mishra, Ancient Indian Republic, p. 37. 12 B.A. Soletora, Ancent Ihdian Political Thought and Institution, Bombay, 1963, p. 105
13. Acharanga Sutra, II 3.1 40, in Jain Sutra, p. 138.
14. K.P. Jaysawal, Op. cit p. 84; K.V. Rangaswami Aiyagar Some Aspect of Ancient Indian Polity; Madras, 1935, p. 77.
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