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A Treatise on Jainism
115
anything to do with objects beyond that limit. This secures Ahimsa in regard to
what is beyond such confines. (3) Anartha-Danda-Vrata. Taking a vow not
to commit purposeless sin. It is of 5
kinds : (a) Apa-Dhyan, thinking ill of others. (b) Papodesha, preaching ill of others. c) Pramada-Charya. Inconsiderate conduct,
such as uselessly breaking the boughs of
trees. (d) Himsa-dan, preparing or supplying in
struments of attack. (e) Dushruti, reading or listening to improper
literature.
The remaining four supplementary vows are the following Shiksha-vratas or disciplinary vows; so called because they are prepa. ratory to the discipline of an ascetic's life. Shiksha-Vratas : (1) Samayika. Taking a vow to devote a fixed
period everyday, once, twice or thrice, at sunrise, sunset and noon to the contemplation of the Self for Spiritual advancement. By giving up "Rag-Dwesha,”
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