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A Treatise on Jainism
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clinging to externals. Possession (Parigraha) is external and internal (Bahiranga and Antaranga Parigraha). Internal possessions are 14: (1) Wrong belief (2) Desire for sextual enjoyment with woman (3) with man (4) with both (5) laughter (6) indulgence (7) enui (8) sorrow (9) fear (10) disgust (11) anger (12) pride (13) deceit (14) greed. External possession is of living or non-living objects. Abjuring all possession is Ahimsa; and all appropriation Internal as well as External is Himsa. Himsa, the central sin, is included in every other of the remaining fourfalsehood, theft, sexual impurity, and possession of goods. Internal attachment, the desire for worldly objects prejudically affects the purity of the Soul, and this injury to the pure nature of the Soul constitutes Himsa. External possession or the actual possession of temporalities creates attraction and love for them, which defiles Soul purity and therefore amounts to Himsa. Both internal and external attachment should therefore be
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