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R. P. Poddar, Jain Concept of Origin and Transmission of Speech
253
It ends at the extremities of the cosmos, because there is no motion in the transcosmic space. Jīva, though the ultimate source of speech, can produce it when united with a body. The latter is acquired according to the Karman accompanying
the jīva in its transmigratory course. There are eight main types of karman, viz. i) Jñānāvarana,
knowledge-obscuring, ii) Darśanāvarana, intuition-obscuring, iii) Vedaniya,
gender-determining, iv) Mohaniya,
deluding, v) Ayușka,
lifespan-determining, vi) Nāma,
body-determining, vii) Gotra,
family-determining, viii) Antarāya,
obstruction-producing, Ādyo jñāna-darśanāvarana-vedanīya-mohanīya-āyușka-nāma-gotrāntarāyāḥ (Tattvārthasūtra 8.5).
The body-determining (nāma-) karman consists of forty-two subtypes including gati: determining the course of a jīva through numerous forms of life as sura (divine), nara (human), nāraka (infernal) and tiryanca (sub-human);
jāti: determining the species; śarīra: determining the shape and size of the body; Varņa, gandha, rasa, phāsa, ātapa, uddyota etc., determining respectively colour, smell, taste, touch, heat and lustre etc. of the body; svara: determining the type and quality of voice. Of the earthly jīvas there are six categories, sad-jīva-nikāya. These may be grouped as trasa (mobile) and sthāvara (immobile).
The latter consists of, i) Prithvi-kāya, earth-bodied, ii) Apkāya, water-bodied, iii) Tejas-kāya, fire-bodied, iv) Vāyu-kāya, wind-bodied, and v) Vanaspati-kāya, plant-bodied,
All these are ekendriya (mono-sensed), having the sense of touch (sparsa) only.
