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ÂPASTAMBA'S YAGÑA-PARIBHÂSHÂ-SOTRAS.
According to Mandana's Trikânda, the degrees of similarity are to be determined in the following order: Karyai rapais tatha parnaih kshiraih pushpaih phalair
арі, Gandhai rasaih sadrig gråhyam purvalabhe param param.
What is similar by effect, by shape, by leaves, by milk, by flowers, and by fruit, By smell, or by taste is to be taken one after the other, if the former cannot be found.'
SOTRA CXXXV. If there is nothing very like, something a little like may be substituted, only it must not be prohibited.
Commentary. If in a karu of mudgas, kidney-beans, phaseolus mungo, these kidney-beans should fail, a substitute may be taken, but that substitute must not be måshas, phaseolus radiatus, because these mashas are expressly forbidden; for it is said, Ayagñiya vai mashah, Mashas are not fit for sacrifice.'
SOTRA CXXXVI. The substitute should take the nature of that for which it is substituted.
Commentary. Taddharma, having the same qualities. If, for instance, nivåra has been substituted for vrihi, it should be treated as if it were vrihi. The name vrihi should remain, and should not be replaced by nîvâra, just as Soma, if replaced by patika, is still called Soma. Thus, when in the course of a sacrifice vrihi has once been replaced by nivara, and vrîhi can be procured afterwards, yet nivåra is then to be retained to the end. If, however, the substituted nîvåra also come to an end, and afterwards both nivåra and vrihi are forthcoming, then vrîhi has the preference. If neither be forthcoming, then some substitute is to be taken that approaches nearest to the substitute, the nivåra, not to the
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