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substratum con
bundle of qualities without any taining them. A follower of Herbert Spencer or for matter of that of the Positivist School would say that the pot is a vivid idea, the cause of which is unknowable. A Vedâutî would say that the pot is a figment of illusion, a thing of nescience, an object having no more substantial existence than a dream; all permanent and enduring existence being no other than the Brahm itself. All these philosophers look at the pot more or less from one dominating point of view and arrive at their respective conclusions about it, but the Jain philosopher does not rest contented with only one point of view, however important it may be, but proceeds to examine it from various viewpoints. These various view-points have been reduced to seven underlying views represented by the seven parts or propositions of the Saptbhangi Naya. These propositions are mainly of two kinds-Universal (Praman) and Particular (Naya) propositions adopting respectively the pluralistic and the monistic views concerning the truth of things.
The following are these seven propositions with reference to the concrete illustrasion of the pot
