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Rishibhashit: A Study
the concept of sin being same as adhesive; this concept is popular in Jain tradition having a particular mention in Acharanga. This chapter also contains the mention of Panch Mahavrat, four Kashaya as well as eighteen sins from Himsa to Mithyadarshan Shalya. Also included is the form and details of Moksha which is Shiv, Atul, Amal, Avyaghat, Apurnabhava, Apunaravrata and Shashvat. Similar description of Moksha is available elsewhere in Jain canonical literature. The mention of Panch Mahavrat and four Kashaya can be found in many chapters of Rishibhashit.
The ninth chapter of Mahakashyap contains details of Punya, Papa, Samvar, and Nirjara. This chapter mentions Kashaya also. In the ninth chapter, while discussing inflow of Karma, the causes have been named as Mithyatva Drishti, Pramad, Kashaya, and Yoga, which is similar to that in the Jain tradition. It also contains many Jain traditional words like Upkram, Baddha, Sprishtha, Nikachit, Nirjirna, Siddhi, Shaileshi Avastha, Predashodaya, Vipakodaya, etc. The concept of the soul being eternal and transitory, the form of Siddha stage and the process of bondage and shedding of Karma, mentioned in this chapter are same as those in Jain philosophy.
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Similarly the concepts of Dravya, Kshetra, Kala, and Bhava are also found in many chapters. The twelfh chapter of Yajnavalkya talks about process of Gochri and Shuddhaishana which are same as in Jain tradition. “Soul is the doer of Karma and sufferer of consequences bad or good," has been mentioned in the fifteenth chapter of Madhurayan. The seventeenth chapter of Vidur contains mention of Savadyayog Virati and Samabhava. Ninteenth chapter of Aariyayana refers to Arya Jnana, Arya Darshan, and Arya Charitra which are akin to Samyak Jnana, Samyak Darshan and Samyak Charitra. The twenty second chapter emphasises the predominence of male in the field of religion and demeans female which is same as in the Itthiparinna chapter or Sutrakritang.
In the twentythird chapter of Ramaputta, just like Uttaradhyayan (28-35), topics about seeing through Darshan, detachment, three disciplines, and dissolution of eight types of Karma through Tapa have been discussed. The concept of eight types of Karma is a speciality of Jainism. Again, there is mention of Jnana, Darshan, and Charitra in the twenty fourth chapter. The same chapter also includes the four Gatis namely, Deva, human, Tiryanch and Narak. The twenty fifth chapter titled Ambad discusses four Kashaya, four Vikatha, five Mahavrata, three Gupti, discipline of five senses, six life forms, seven fears, eight prides, nine Brahmacharyas and ten places of meditation. This chapter also discusses the six reasons for eating which are also found in Sthanang (Stha-6). It may
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