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THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS
first kind of falsehood ; for example. to say " Deva Datta is not here," (when he is present). असदपि हि वस्तुरूपं यत्र परक्षेत्रकालभावैस्तैः। उद्भाव्यते द्वितीयं तदनृतमस्मिन्यथास्ति घटः॥३॥
93. Where a thing does not exist, with reference to the position, time, and nature of other objects, and it is said to exist, the statement is the second kind of falsehood e. 9., to say " pitcher is here" (when it is not actually there). वस्तु सदपि स्वरूपात्पररूपेणाऽभिधीयते यस्मिन् । अनृतमिदं च तृतीयं विज्ञेयं गौरिति यथाश्वः॥ ६४॥
94. The third kind of falsehood is that, where an existing thing is represented as something different from what it really is, for example, when a horse is said to be a cow. गर्हितमवद्यसंयुतमप्रियमपि भवति वचनरूपं यत्। सामान्येन त्रेधा मतमिदमनृतं तुरीयंतु ॥६५॥
95. Speech of 3 kinds, Garhita, condemnable; Sávadya, sinful, or Apriya, disagreeable, is ordinarily speaking, said to be the fourth kind of falsehood. पैशुन्यहासगर्भ कर्कशमसमञ्जसं प्रलपितं च । अन्यदपि यदुत्सूत्रं तत्सर्वं गर्हितं गदितम् ॥६६॥
96. Garhita speech is said to be all that, which is back. biting, harsh, unbecoming, nonsensical, or otherwise uncanonical. छेदनभेदनमारणकर्षणवाणिज्यचौर्यवचनादि। तत्सावयं यस्मात्प्राणिवधाद्याः प्रवर्तन्ते ॥१७॥
97. All speech which makes another engage in piercing, cutting, beating, ploughing, trading, stealing, etc., is Sávadya, sinful as it leads to destruction of life, etc.
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