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1). D. KOSAMBI
by our present thesis of progressivc assimilation of a Kutsa tribc. The l'arus* arc mcntioned in i. 108 with the Yadus, Turvalas, Druhyus, Anus, all originally liostilc to Indra and the Aryans. The particular portion of the hymn is uit. doubtedly latc; but it is to be note that Yadu, Turvasn, Anu, Druhyu, Pūru arc all five made sons of king Yayati (the fir:llwo by Devayani, a Bralimin
(Bhrgu) daughter of Sukra, prcccptor to the Asuras) in later lcgend (Mbh. 1 1.78.9-10). Krkņa (=black), the incarnatc god of the Mahābhārata, is himself : a Yadu. A Kánva named Krşņa is thc poct of viii.85, a hymn addressed to the
Asvins. It is notable that the scer is called "black" by name, like thc Angiras author of x.42-44 ; in the Atharva-vcda ii. 25, kanuc mcans "cvil spirit”, to be is exorcised. It would be simplest to regard this not as a fortuitous coincidence, . but as indicative of some Kanvas liaving heen adopted from the dark prc-Aryans,
of whom thc unadoptcd portion was submitted to the usual process of dcmonization with the passage of time. Just when thicsc fivc pcoplc bccamc Aryans is not
clear, but certainly the bravc king Pūros dcfcated by Alexander in his invasion of “the Indus vallcy is (with his nephicw) the last Paurava known to history, so that
somcöf thesc ancient lincages actually cxisted down to a latc period, and had to be cxplained by a suitably rewritten tradition. This tradition never disguises the hostility between thc dark (hcncc un-Aryan) Krena and Indra, which seems to go back to viii. 96. 14,19 (accepting the reasonablc Sāyana gloss). Wccvcn get the Purukitsa combination as a king-namc, probably thc rcpresentativc of an amalgamatcd tribe; in our Brahmin gotra lists the name is found among thc Bharadvājas (GPN.61.14), which would be impossible cxccpt on our hypothesis. In fact, references in book vi. make it clear that some Bharadvājas were pricsts of Purukutsa's son, hence the formation of that gotra among the Bharadvajas. The descendant Kurusravana cmbodics the first mention of thc Kurus, in his name (x.32.9;33.4).
'When we come to kevala groups, thc origin of the inverted rule that the · priest's cotra is that of the king becomes still clcarcr. Vitahavya is a Bhārgaya
Golra (GPN.34.4-5) but thc Ssõjaya Vaitahavyas of Atharva-vcda v.18-19 arc rude kaatriyas who slaughter Bhrgu's cow ; thc sage is lielpless and the cow herself takes revenge upon the insolent warriors, who are destroyed. But this
Identification is particularly difficult in the care of the Purus, for the narar for plenitude, or a Irine of people in general, as well as a specific tribe named For Town the
articular tribe is meant, lcing mentioned along with Tyksi and the Druhyus: similaritin g hunt their notition even as against thic Vasişthas and suns 19 not clcar, for vii. 18.13 aprake it of having bcaten or of hoping to defcat (jesma) the tricky-voiced Puru" in vit 10 of as having helped the l'uru kiny Trasad?syu ; in vii: 96.2 the phta . stood by come as indicating that the Purut vcrc then criticd on both hanteca? that the Purus vcrc then critid on loth banks of the Sarasvati. The adjcc
Praca nas been minalo vacū of thr: Panisin vii 0.%. thc Dasyus in xv.26.10. Sudás, might cven be made out a Puruly i.03.7. Hopkins in JAOS xv. pp. 262-283 outdocs the most ridicu dits in deducing that the datarajia was conspiracy. Icd or instigated by Vice
he his main discovery, namely that vii...contains dcrisive allusions to Visvamitra as often as possiblc. Just how this escaped the Indian tradition, which is sure
* vet to be explained; but undantly rome linca) dcrcendant will appear to reach ornicion made by Hopkins !
