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48
D). D. KOSAHPI
dasyur arla ( iv.16.9), besides being black and posecesed of citics : (iv.16.13; pañcīšat kısņā ni vapaḥ sahasra alkam na puro jarimā vi darda). They arc trcacherous, without the Aryar. observances, and hardly human (2.22.8) : akarma dasjur abhi no amantür anyavrato amănunah ; lvam las; ūmilrahan radhar dāsassa dambhaja. Just what the designation anāsas ("noscless" or "faceless" ?) applica to them in v.29.10 mcans is not cicar, but it surcly refers to thcir different appearance.
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Only in three cases docs dūsa clearly meani a servant or slave, an carly reference to the hclotage to which a great part of the subjected people sank.. Of thesc, 7.62.10 referring to gifts made by Yadu and Turva to the hard mcntions cither two slaves or portrays the humility of the donors, but the names as well as the reference being part of the dānastvli may indicato a latcr addition. The reference viii.56.3 in a Válalhilya can be ignored. In vii.85.7, the scer spcaks of scrving the god likc a disa, which can only can slavc or servant, not cnemy. The rare mention shows that the new relation was crncogent, not fully established. Therefore, we are lcd to wonder whether Divodása mcans "slavc of heaven", or whether the period is carly cnough for the name to indicate a disa viho had been adopted by the other side. I myself incline to the latter interpretation, sceing that daca has gencrally thc mcaning of a specific people from whom thc kūdra castc and scrvitudc dcscloped by conauest. In any case, the termination dása as part of a name is not to be seen clscvihere than with Divoclása land in later orthography luis son “Paijavana" Sudāj. Trasadasyu (çon of Purukut:a) do not scom to mean thc Dasyu namca Traca, but he who makes thc Dasyus tremllc.
The concept of tribal property in a migratory pastoral socicty enables us to sketch an outline of development for the südra caute. The Indus valley citu dwellers could not have been fod without a comparatively large ancillary orarian population. The invaders' way of life made such prisoners us:1033
at first, for without agricultura a human being could produce very little surplus • beyond that necord for his own maintenance. A prisoner would be sacrificed or adopted, as the Sunahkcpa story tcil: 115. If the agrarian population of the
i had been clicctive as fighters, the conquest would not have taken
straut not becii so devastating. They must have been ton numcrous at en masse, but not dangerous enough to be killed off alvotcther. Thus isors would form a group by themselves and whatever the could w their own methods, as well as their labour, would belong to the
may whole. This is the first castc, initially a difference beand dágas, as the word rama for Castc and colour shows in con
berardod fact that thic Aryanliarla diffcrc:it colour from their predecessors in India. However, the existence of a castc, of urplus
id class and costo differentiation among Jabour, would necessarily promote rapid class and castro cliffor.
placc, or at Icast not hoci so devast
conqucring tribc as a whole. This is lwoon Aryans and dásas, as the word van junction with the recorded fact that the Aker
