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· D. D. KOSAMBI
· Indra may be doubted, becausc thc verb and tool both indicate, smashing, which is possible for a dam, not for irrigation channels. Besides the dāsa as a source of labour power, the humped Indus cattle were also an acquisition of thc.conquest; they are mentioned cxplicitly in x.8.2: x.102.7. and perhaps in viü.20.21, and their truly Indian origin has generally been admitted. Thc usc of the horsc and of iron was known to the invaders bcforc thcir, irruption, according to archacologists. We have here onc rcason for the victory of the Aryans.over the indigenous population which know ncither... ....
.:. Heterogencity in the pre-Aryan pcople cannot bc doubted. They cannot all have been residents of Mohenjo Daro and Harappa with but a single profession! Even to support thc inhabitants of a big city likc cither of thesc, there must have been, a considerablc food-growing ancillary population apart from the craftsmėn in the citics, of whose social position wc still know nothing, but; who would be the logical candidates for the name and position of Disa, or Dasyu. All I can suggest is that a portion of the conquered rosc instead of falling, and that they could only do this by adopting Aryan methods of fire worship, undoubtedly with some additions. Some of them must have had fire cults of thcir own, as for example the Bhrgu-Augiras group so often associated with the first discovery of firc. A few like Divodása* may cven have been enrolled into the ruling kpatriya class, for the Aryans had come across many different, pcople in their wanderings, and purity of "race" at so carly a period means nothing in comparison to the cult obscrved ; adoption of a stranger needs only the formalities of initiation, and one becomes a ksatriya mcrcly on account of prowess in battle. It seems clear to me that the formation of an internal,. Aryan.caste, system, csscntially the scparation of the Brahmin in function and discipline, from the kgatriya and the setting of both above the houscholder:vaisya, after the dāsas had been conqucrcd, must have been acccIcrated by, thc assimilation of:a subjugated priesthood; for otherwise there is no reason for;demarcation into endogamous castes. The Indic Aryans com oleted their own conquest at a far earlicr pcriod than the Zoroastrians (identifving Vistāsp with the father of Darius. 1, after Herzfeld p.30, p.88) with more primitive tools and over, cultures which were far more locally concentrated. The question can only be settled, with more archacological evidence; the purpose of such a discussion as, the present is primarily to show the intelligent archacologist what to expect;, perhaps where to excavatc, and how to interpret his finds.:,:::... .:::: : . . ...... ........! !! ': As a preliminary,.connections may be pointed out between certain obscurc featuresof, the, Rgveda; and actual finds in the Indus vallcy... The threc
Saraswau to Vadhryasva, according to vi.61.1. As Sudás is both - Divadisa is a gift of the river Sarasvati to Vadhryasva, according to win Daliavana (though no Pijavana is known) and a descendant or son of Divodása, there is som of adoption herc... ,..
or son of Divodása, there is some possibility
