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The Date of Mahavira
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J. Charpentier, 'The Date of Mahâvîra', Ind. Ant., 1914, pp. 118-123, 125-133, 167-178; chapter 6 in Cambridge History of India, Vol. I. (Cambridge, 1922), esp. pp. 155-156. 'Pushpamitra or Pushyamitra ?' in Ind. Ant. 2, pp. 362-363. Cambridge History of India, Vol. I. pp. 155-156, These points are found in a developed form in Ind. Ant. 1914. Majumdar, R chaudhari and Datta, An Advanced History of India, 2nd ed. (London, 195.), Part 1, Chapter 6 by H.C. Raychaudhari, esp. pp. 85-86. "Not only is the number of years (155) allotted in the gathas to the reign of the Nandas unduly great, but also the introduction of palaka, lord of Avanti, in the chronology of the Magadha kings looks very suspicious" (Jacobi, Kalpasutra of Bhadrabahu, p. 8). 'Examination of questions connected with the Vikrama Era' in Ind. Ant. Vol. 19, pp. 20-40, 166-187, 354-374; Vol. 20, pp. 124-142, 397-414. Ind. Ant. 1914. See S.B.E., Vol. 50 (Index), p. 99, for the references regarding the Buddha's frequent meetings with Bimbisara. Digha-Nikaya, III, pp. 117 sq., 209 sq. Also Majjhima-Nikaya, II, pp. 273 sq. Cf. Chalmers, JRAS, 1895, pp. 665-666. Collected in Pradhan, Chronology of Ancient India (Calcutta, 1927), pp. 240-243. This has been admirably pointed out by S.N. Pradhan (op. cit.) and need not be repeated here. Ibid, p. 243. The Literary Remains of Dr. Bhau Daji, ed. Ramachandra Ghosha (Calcutta, 1888), p. 130. 'Mahâvîra Nirvana and some other important dates in Ancient Indian History' in Bharata-Kaumudi, Part II (Allahabad, 1947), pp. 817-838. H.C. Seth's other articles on ancient Indian chronology include: 'Buddha Nirvana and some other dates in Ancient Indian Chronology', Indian Culture, Vol. 5 (1938-1939), pp. 305-317; 'Beginning of Candragupta Maurya's Reign', Proceedings of the 3rd Indian History Congress, (1939). p. 371, also republished in Journal of Indian History. Vol. 19 (1940), pp. 17-21' Chronology of Asokan Inscriptions', Journal of Indian History. Vol. 17, part III. Digha-Nikaya, III, pp. 117, 209; and Majjhima-Nikaya, II, pp. 243 ff. We are told here that while Buddha stayed at Samagama, the report was brought tohim that his rival had died at Pava, and that the Nirgranthas, his followres, were divided by serious schisms. According to Jain traditions also Mahâvîra died at Pava (H.C. Seth). The visit of Ajatasatru is said to have taken place in the full moon of Kartika (about Nov. 1) after the end of the rainy season (Charpentier). The passage is repeated in Ang. Nik. IV, p. 180 sq. (Charpentier). In the 122 of the Kalpasutra Mahâvîra is said to have spent fourteen rainy seasons in Rajagrha and the suburb (bahirika) of Nalanda. This was a famous place even with the Jains, cp., e.g., Sutrakritanga II, 7 (SBE XLV, 419 sq.) (Charpentier, p. 127, f.n.). In case the Buddha's date is regarded as 566-486 B.C., the date of Mahâvîra ir my opinion will be 560-489 B.C. -
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