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Pratyabhuñana or synthetic judgment is the basis of Tha or generalization Uha is sometimes interpreted as Inductive ReasonThis seems to narrow down the meaning of Uha unnecessarily 34 It is true that Üha has been defined as the knowledge of Vyaptı arising from Upalambha and Anupalambha, but Upalambha does not mean simply empirical observation It stands for cognition generally and can relate to inferential objects also Üha or generalization is essentially of the nature of reasoning or Tarka 35 What it establishes is a necessary relationship between universals or classes All scientific laws are of this kind They are expressed in term of universal judgements which assert that if anything is an instance of one class or has a certain property then it also must be an instance of another class necessarily connected with the former and have the related property Such a universal concomitance or Vyaptı is typically exhibited by relationship of class-inclusion or causal connection From the point of view of reaching such a knowledge of implication or inclusion the faculty of reasoning capable of perceiving abstract truths or necessary connections between universals is relevant Whether the generalization is purely logical or empirical, analytical or synthetic, is not relevant here That is why Uha or tarka should be interpreted not as inductive reasoning but simply as reasoning
"All men are mortal", "gold is a metal", "whereever there is smoke there is fire", these are all different kinds of instances of Vyaptı which may thus be conceived as an "If, then" relationship If x is F, x is G Here F is the Vyapya while G is the Vyapaka The vyapya implies the vyāpaka The assertion of vyāpti is tantamount to asserting that the conjunction of the affirmation of the vyāpya with the negation of the vyapaka is false If the vyāpya is asserted of something it would be valid to assert of it the vyapaka also Vyaptı may apparently be of two kinds may be perceived as a relationship between two properties by observing the relationship between their different loci We might discover the relationship of smoke and fire by observing the various places where smoke and fire occur in conjunction and where smoke fails to occur without fire Such a vyāpti is called Bahu-vyāptı
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