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KARTTIK BY ANUPRIŞĂ
vi) That the body is impure, pleasures thereof are futile and delusive, and the Atman alone is worth pursuing this is a favourite theme of the canon. The Nayādhamma-kahão, viii, presents a characteristic description of the body:
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1) · इमस्त पुण बोराछियसरीरस्स खेलासवस्स बतासबस्स वित्तासबल्स थुकास्वहस सोनिबpros gwaarachtanarea gergaggagāggem azm जाव भ्रम्मस्स केरिपु य परिणामे fireer
2) इमे सरीरं मणिदं भसुई असुद्दसंभवं । असासयावासमिण सुक्लं केसान भाषणं ॥ असासए सरीरम्मि रहे नोवलभामहं । पच्छा पुरा व भयम्बे फेजसंग ॥
3) angeæri afd gid Angujú | vkézfiri diez avonuriaHÈVİ 11
कित्तियमित वण्णे भमेज्झमाहमस्मि वचसंघाए । रागो हुन कायन्त्रो विरागमूले सरीरनि ॥ flagsendkaù agradiva zarazment i ämneymaefta Andrá que «ft' 11
vii-ix) Asrava, Samvara and Nirjară are three of the Seven Principles or Nine Categories of Jainism; they are closely linked with the Karma doctrine; they explain Samsara on the one hand and lead the soul on to liberation on the other; and further, they form, to a very great extent, the basis of Jaina ethics and morality. At all suitable contexts they are discussed in the canon. Practically the whole of the Panhavagaraṇāiṁh is devoted to explain ōsava and saṁvara,*
x) A correct understanding of the universe (loka) with its two constituents, Jiva and Ajiva and their varieties and mutual reactions enables the Atman to understand oneself. Special treatises like the Divasagarapannatti and Surapannatti etc. are devoted to this topic; and many of the canonical sections give details about Jiva etc. Here one cultivates the feeling of the immense greatness and extent of the universe and space, full of wandering souls.
xi) A gradation list of the rarities is often met with in the canon. Starting from Nigoda the soul is on a march of spiritual progress through various grades of living beings. Then to be born as a human being at a suitable place, in a good family, with a perfect and healthy body and with requisite opportunities for religious enlightenment is something that is rare. If the loka-anuprekṣā inculcated the feeling of immense space, this Anupreksa makes
1) Ed. N. V. VAIDYA ( Poona 1940) pp. 113 ff; further Tandulavoyaliya, Batra 17, gives a more graphic description.
2) Uttaradhyayana XIX. 12-3
3) Tandulaveyaliya 84 fi., 90 ft.
4) W. SOHUBRING: Die Lehre der Jainas (Berlin and Leipzig 1935) pp. 186 etc. 5) Uttaradhyayana-sūtra XXXVI
6) Uttaradhyayana X.
