Jainism and Animal Issues 1997

Author(s): Federation of JAINA
Publisher: USA Federation of JAINA

Page 58

Jainism and Animal Issues
largely replaced by cellulose or nylon substitutes (M). used to keep it from bubbling. Rarely, some small Vegetable "loofa" sponges are also available (V).
operator may instead use butter (L) or other animal fat SQUALENE/SQUALANE -Found in the liver of the shark (A). (See also sugar.)
(A). Used in toiletries and cosmetics, and as a lubricant. SYNERGISTS -- Used to enhance the effect of another Vegetable oils are alternatives.
substance, e.g. tartaric acid (V), citric acid (V). STABILIZERS -- Used to impart a smooth texture to TALLOW -- Hard animal fat, especially obtained from
certain foods and to prevent separation of oil/water about the kidneys of ruminant animals (A). Used in soap emulsions. They can be obtained from a variety of and candle-making, margarines, lubricants, rubber, sources, such as guar gum (V), carragheen (V), pectin crayons, waxed paper, cosmetics, toiletries. Alternatives (V), Xanthan gum (V), agar (V), celluloses (V and M), include vegetable fats, petroleum paraffin. gelatin (A). They are used in frozen or jelled desserts, TESTOSTERONE -- Male hormone (A). Used in bodywhipped products, dairy items, soft drinks, cake mixes, build supplements. jam.
TEXTURE AGENTS -- Include emulsifiers, stabilizers, STARCH -- Starch, modified starches: used as stabilizers. thickeners (all q.v.). They are used widely in ice cream Vand M.
and frozen desserts, milk products, soft drinks, STEARATES -- Fats used as emulsifiers. The parent margarine, bread and pastry, confectionery. compound (stearic acid) is often a by-product of making THICKENERS -- Added to foods to give a smooth, soap from animal fat, tallow (A). Stearates can be made uniform texture, or more viscosity. Similar to emulsifiers from many vegetable oils or fats (M/V) such as the (q.v.) and stabilizers (q.v.). coconut; and some soaps are made from vegetable fats UREA, uric acid -- Waste nitrogen formed in the liver and (V). But economic factors being as they are, any listing excreted by the kidneys (A). Also produced synthetically of stearic acid or stearates is strongly suspect. Stearic (M). Used in toiletries and cosmetics, and in making acid is also used in rubber tires (for cars, trucks, buses, some types of plastics and adhesives. airliners, tractors, bikes, tricycles, etc.)
VELLUM -- Fine parchment, made from the skins of STEROID, sterol -- Steroids include sterols, alcohols from
calves, lambs or kids (A). Used for writing material. animals or plants (such as cholesterol). Used in hormone
VELVET -- A soft fabric formerly made of silk (I), now preparations, lotions, hair conditioners, some body
generally rayon or nylon, (M/V). Velveteen is a similar building supplements, etc. Could be A, M, or V,
fabric made of cotton. All are used in clothing, fine depending on the source.
drapery, upholstery. SUEDE -- Kid, pig, or calf skin, tanned; noted for its soft, VITAMIN A. retinol, acetate, palmitate (see palmitic acid) velour-like appearance and texture (A). Used in
-- Can be from fish-liver oil, egg yolks, butter, carrot footwear and clothing. Alternatives available, as for
carotene, etc. Mostly synthesized now, for economic leather (q.v.).
reasons. In cosmetics, vitamins, supplements, etc. A, O, SUET -- Prepared from the fat around the kidneys and L, M, or V.
loins of cattle and sheep (A). Used in cooking or making VITAMIN B.. -- "Natural" B. is made by micro-organisms tallow.
and is stored in the body; thus present in meat, and to SUGAR -- Sweetener (q.v.) refined and concentrated from
some extent other animal source foods; commonly cane juice or processed from sugar beets. In the U.S.A.,
processed from liver (A). "Synthetic" B, as such is V, most cane sugar is clarified with a bone charcoal filter
although sometimes put in a mix or capsule of animal (A) and is avoided for this reason by many vegetarians origin. and vegans; beet sugar is not processed thus. Molasses VITAMIN D -- Readily made in the human upon fairly brief (V) is removed well before this final clarification process.
exposure to sunlight. D. (ergocalciferol) is made by In Australia, a newer ionization process is largely used;
irradiating ergosterol, a provitamin from plants or yeast most U.S.A. refineries are old; newer ones are rare, due to
(V). D, (chole-calciferol) is derived from fish oil (A), gradual replacement of cane sugar by corn syrup (V/M),
sometimes lanolin (wool fat) (A). Used as a vitamin in etc.
processed foods and food supplements. SULPHUR DIOXIDE -- A widely used group of WHEY -- A by-product of cheese making: residue from preservatives. M. Avoided for health reasons, especially
milk (L) after the removal of the casein and most of the by asthmatics and others sensitive to sulphites, and
fat. Uses: margarines, baked goods, cleaning products, those with impaired kidneys or liver. Used in dried fruit,
etc. A substitute can be made from soy. making beer, wine, vinegar; etc.
WOOL -- The fleece of domesticated sheep or other SWEETENERS -- Include natural (often highly processed)
animals selectively bred for an abnormally heavy coat of plant products such as sucrose, fructose, corn syrup,
hair. It is periodically painfully shorn leaving no barley-malt, date sugar, maple sugar*. Mainly
protection for the animals, many of whom die of concentrated "empty calories"; should be used sparingly
exposure to cold. Final shearing is often the first step in if at all. Cannot recommend artificial sweeteners either
the slaughter process (A). Used in clothing, carpets, felt, (saccharin, aspartame, in "diet" foods and drinks).
etc. Alternatives include cotton, cotton flannel or Sweeteners are in desserts, soft drinks, confectionery,
quilted cotton; also linen, various synthetic fibers. canned fruit and vegetables. V & M. Honey (q.v.) is an insect product (I), not used by vegans. *In boiling maple
Jay Dinshah - American Vegan Society - 609-694-2887 sugar, a microscopic film of vegetable oil is commonly
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