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JAINISM: A THEISTIC PHILOSOPHY "GOD IN JAINISM"
the person responsible for the origination, protection and destruction of the Universe. The intelligence and the power of Iśvara remain intact even at the time of pralaya (dissolution) of Universe. Puruşavāda is therefore theistic in approach."
Purusavāda can be distinguished in two forms, as Brahmavāda and Iśvaravāda. Brahmavāda maintains that just as spider is the efficient cause of web, and the banyan tree is the cause of the numerous roots branching downward, so also puruṣabrahma is the efficient cause of the entire universe, in its creation, maintenance, and destruction. Brahman is, therefore, the basic principle of the universe. It is the upādānakārana, in a sense, the primary or the material cause.
īśvaravādins maintain that matter and spirit are primordial and original substances. The interaction between matter and space and their association is due to īśvara. In this sense, īśvara is the efficient cause of the creation, sustenance and destruction of the universe. Without Isvara, nothing is possible and nothing moves. He is the controller of the universe and he determines the nature of things and movement of things.
7) Daivavāda (Theory of Fate): Daivavāda emphasizes the predominance of fate which is the determining factor in the human life. Everything is predetermined by fate and destiny. Destiny shapes our end and we have to experience the karma determined by fate.““Daivavāda accepts the authority of karma as a determining factor in the prevalent inequality of status. But in niyativāda, fatalism and determinism are absolute and unexplainable and inexplicable.
8) Puruşārthavāda (Theory of Self-effort): According to the theory of self-effort, individual Jiva is responsible for shaping its
"Prameya-kamala-mārtanda, P-55 12 Ātmamimāṁsā, Kārikā, 89-91
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