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JAINISM: A THEISTIC PHILOSOPHY "GOD IN JAINISM”
destroys.' It has been stated in Šāstravārttā-samuccaya' that the time determines everything, living being entering into the womb of the mother, the childhood and all other incidents connected with the life. It is not possible to transgress the limits of kāla and also not possible to have any events or experiences in the absence of kāla. Naiyāyikas assigned very important status to time equal to creation of the universe. *Mahābhārata states kāla as the first cause of the universe and the basis of life and death, happiness and misery."
2) Svabhāvavāda (Theory of Nature): According to this theory, everything, events and experiences are determined by very nature of objects, nature of individual.oĀcārya Haribhadra in his Šāstravārattāsamuccaya says that according to svabhāvavāda the events and experiences are determined by the very nature of the objects. For example, the various stages of life like the childhood, young age and old age are determined by the nature of the individual. There is no any other external force. Svabhāva plays an important part in the life, incidents and experiences of individual being. In fact even pulses and rice can be cooked due to their very nature.'
3) Niyativāda (Theory of Determinism). According to this theory, everything happens out of necessity. What is to happen must happen; there is no change in that. Everything is determined and there is nothing left to chance. Spinoza says that it is due to ignorance that we say that we are free and that freedom of the will is an important factor. Ācārya Haribhadra while describing the nature of the niyativāda states that everything is determined by the origination of a thing in a particular way, the states of a thing and its
2 Atharvaveda, 19, 53-54
Šāstravārttāsamuccaya, 165-168 * Nyāyasiddhānta Muktāvali, 45 Mahābhārata (Šāntiparva), 25,28,32 Bhagavadgītā, 5,14 Šāstravārattāsamuccaya, 169-172
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