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THE JAINA TIRTHAS IN INDIA AND THEIR
ARCHITECTURE
Plate 1 Poses of hands and the symbols and weapons they wield.
Figure 1:-Akshasutra or rosary. 2. A fruit (generally Mātulinga or Citron) 3. A conch. 4 & 5 A lotus. 6. A drum or damaru. 7. The Vajra or thunderbolt. 8. Khadga or a sword. 9. Pāsa or a noose. 10. A spear. 11 & 12 A lotus. 13. A bunch of mangoes. 14. An elephant. 15. A shield. 16. A Kamandalu or gourd. 17. An umbrella or Chhatra. 18. A book. 19. A conch. 20. A bell. 21. A noose. 22. A lute. 23. A child. 24. A bunch of mangoes. 25. A spear. 26. An arrow. 27. A dagger. 28. A bow. 29. A trident. 30. A child. 31. A lotus. 32. A pitcher.
These symbols and poses have been copied for the benefit of students from illustrations in palm-leaf MSS and from Jaina icons.
Plate 2 Figures 2 to 4:-Various types of plaques of AYAGAPATAS excavated from the Kajikāli-țilā, Mathurā, which were worshipped by the Jainas in the 2nd Cen. after Christ. For a description of these illustrations, vide Annual Report of the Archeological Survey of India, Vol. XX. Pls. VII, IX and the explanatory note on Pl. VIII.
Figure 5:-CHARANA-PADUKAS or foot-prints secured from the same locality as above. This furnishes important evidence to prove that the Jainas worshipped padukas even in the 2nd Cen. A. D.
Plate 3 Figure 6 :-PARSVANATHA image from Mathurā. For the correct identification of this headless icon, see my article on the old Jaina images in the Bharatiya-Vidva, (Hindi-Gujarati) Vol. I., Pt. 2. pp. 179 to 194.
Figure 7 :-RISHABHADEVA From Mathurā. For identification of this image, see my article quoted above Pl. 3, Fig. 6.
Both the images (Fig. 6 & 7) were secured from the excavations at Kankāli-tila, Mathurā. The late Dr. Vincent Smith has wrongly identified them as those of Rishabhanātha and Vardhamāna respecti. vely in his work entitled 'The Jaina Stupa and other Antiquities of Maihura', plates 98 and 95, as has been proved by me in my article referred to above.
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