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THE JAINA GAZETTE (7) Tapa or Penance.
(8) Tyag or giving up of worldly things by control over desires.
(9) Akinchan or want of attachment for worldly things. (10) Brahmacharya or celibacy or chastity.
Kshama or forbearance means absence of anger or rather control over anger. In a condition of anger a man becomes blind and cannot distinguish between good and bad and does such things for which he has to regret afterwards. Under the influence of anger a man sometimes commits murder and even suicide. Anger in a moment burns to ashes the three jewels of soul called Ratnatraya namely right faith, right knowledge and right conduct. When a man receives some injury at the hands of others, he becomes angry and a desire for revenge at once arises in his mind. To subdue this desire means forbearance, which produces very salutary effects, and sometimes saves many lives and great disasters. Some one has well said: "To revenge is mortal, to forgive divine." Under the pressure of anger a man suffers hundreds of misfortunes. Hence one should always avoid anger and attain this great quality of soul viz. forbearance which is one real nature of soul, so that he may be able to lead a peaceful life and some day may come when, in this way overcoming love and hatred Ragadoesha, he may obtain final bliss.
The second quality of soul is Mardao, which means absence of pride. A man full of pride can have no respect for his superiors and no love for his inferiors. In Dharm Shastras (religious scriptures) pride is described as of eight kinds (1) pride of a high family or noble descent—(2) pride of high caste—(3) pride of wealth and worldly possessions—(4) pride of beauty_(5) pride of power or authority--(6) pride of bodily strength-(7) pride of knowledge—(8) pride of penance.
Being proud of a high descent or caste a man looks down upon others. Under the pride of power, wealth and authority a man loses all sympathy with the poor and helpless persons, and being proud of his practising penance a man forgets himself
and considers himself as above all, Pride makes man void of all Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat
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