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No. IV) RULES FOR ASCETICS IN JAINISM, BUDDHISM & HINDUISM. 75
request of a Sresthi in Rajagriha, Buddha permitted the Bhiksus to reside in Vibāras or Asramas. We find Jain saints also residing in open air.
Apart from these external practices, we see a similarity in the principles which are essential in Binduism, Jainism, and Buddbism.
A Jain Yati has to practise twenty-eight Mulagunas, which are five Mabābratas, five Samitis, five kinds of control of senses, six Avasyakas, uprooting of hair, non-bathing, nudity, not cleansing the teeth, lying on the ground, taking food in the standing posture and only in the hollow of the hands, and eating only once during the day. We have already shown that in the Hindu and Bauddha systems there are outward practices similar to those in Jainism regarding nudity, non-bathing, not cleansing the teeth, and lying on the ground. Regarding uprooting the hair the Jain ascetics uproot the hair of the head, beard, and moustache every two months, or every three months, or every four months. Fasting and Pratikramana should be practised on that day. In Mulāchāra this is thus enjoined:
"Viya tiya chaukka māse loche ukkassa majjhina jainno.
Sapadikkamane divase uvayaseneva kayavve.”' In Gautama Dharmasutra we find :
“Mundah sikbi vā." j.e. A Bhiksu should shave his head, or keep only a tuft of hair. Haradatta in his commentary on this Sutra writes :
"Sarvāneva kesan saha sikhaya vāpāyed. Sikhabarjjam vāpayed vā....... Ata Sruti smriti :
" Agneriva sikhā nānyā yasya jnānamayi sikhā.
Sa sikhitityuchyate vid wānnetare kesadlıārinah.” i.e. Shave off all hair including the tuft or excluding it........ So it has been mentioned in the Srutis and Smrities :
He is the really tufted person who has the tuft of knowledge like a flame of fire. Others are merely holders of hair.
The Buddhist monks also shaved their heads.
