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74
JAINA ANTIQUARY.
[Vol. I
straight like a rod or a little curved like a bow, but never on his back or with his face downwards."
It will appear from the rules prescribed for the Vedic Brahmacharis that they also were enjoined to lie on the ground. In Khadira Grihya Sutra we find.
"Adhah sambesi "
i.e. "He should lie on the ground." The commentator Rudraskanda has mentioned that this rule prohibits the use of cots etc. In the commentary of Apararka of Yajnyabalkya Samhita the following rule from Yama is quoted:
"Khattvasanancha sayanam barjjayed dantadhabanam. Swapedekah kuses weva."
i.e. "Discard sitting or lying on cots, refrain from cleansing teeth, and sleep alone on the Kusa grass."
In Vasistha Dharmasastra we find :
"Khattasana dantapraksalanabarjji."
i.e. "One should refrain from lying on cots and washing the teeth." In Paribrājaka Dharma (10. 8) there is a rule that one should be "Sthandila sayi" i.e., a sleeper on the ground."
The rule that the Jaina ascetics should remain in the same. place during the rainy season was also followed by the Hindu and Buddhist saints. In Gautama Dharmasutra it is enjoined that a Bhiksu should remain in the same place during the rains. "Dhruvasile Barsasu" (3. 12).
The Buddhists also followed this practice. In Mahābagga we find that when Buddha was in Rajagriha he was informed that the Sakyaputra Sramanas wandered during the rainy season causing damage to young grass and destroying small creatures. Buddha then ordered that his desciples also should remain in the same place during the rainy season.
The Vedic Bhiksus did not reside in houses. (Apastamba 2. 9. 21. 10). The Sakyaputra Sramanas following the Buddhistic religion at first resided in forests, under the trees, in open fields or in caves. In Chullabagga we find that according to the
