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List of Plates
325 was current all over Eastern India in Bihar, Bengal and Orissa, cf. Fig. 47 below from Ajodhya (Orissa). Cf. Studies in Jaina Art, fig. 44 Candraprabha from Bihar; and fig. 38 Pårśvanātha from Bankura, Bahulara, Bengal, etc. In Western India and Madhya Pradesh, the planets figure on top of the pedestal or at the end of the pedestal, cf. Akota Bronzes, Figs. 22, 25, 276, 49, 566. Photo Copyright & Courtesy of Musee Guimet, Paris.
Fig. 26 (Pl. XV). Neminātha, age of Candragupta II (inscribed) from the old temple, Rajgir. Age, early fifth century, Gupta. Neck and face mutilated. Pedestal shows in the centre the cakrapurusa in front of the dharmacakra, with a conch on each side representing the cognizance of Aristanemi (Neminătha), the twenty-second Tirthankara. Two figures of Tirthaikaras in padmasana are also shown on the pedestal. Upper parts of the sculpture are lost. Ref. Studies in Jaina Art, p. 14, Fig. 18. Ramaprasad Chanda in A.S.I.A.R., 1925-26, pp. 125ff. Note that on each side of the dharmacakra, the cognizance is shown in the Gupta age--not the usual pair of deer as in sculptures of the mediaeval period where the cognizance is shown elsewhere on the pedestal. Photo Copyright, Indian Museum, Calcutta.
Fig. 27 (PI. XVI). Image of Puşpadanta, inscribed, from Durjanpur near Vidiśā, now in the Vidita, Museum. Gift of Mahārājīdhiraja Ramagupta at the instance of a grand-pupil (name lost) of paniputrika (ācārya) Candra-kşamaņa. Ref. G.S. Gai, Three Inscriptions of Ramagupta, Journal of the Oriental Institute, Baroda, Vol. XVIII, pp. 247ff and Ep. Ind., XXXVIII, pp. 46ff. Installed by Mahārājadhirāja Rāmagupta, the elder brother of Candragupta II, the sculpture does not show the introduction of the cognizance on two sides of the dharmacakra. This however came only a few years later during the rule of Candragupta II, cf. the Neminātha from Rajgir in Fig. 26 above. Note the beautiful figures of attendant camaradharas and the lotus-halo with scalloped-border. Age, late fourth cent. A.D. The inscriptions on the three images from Durjanpur (all installed by Mahārājādbirāja Rāmagupta) show that the titles ksamana and kşamāśramaņa were started at least in the fourth cent. A.D. Copyright, Archaeological Survey of India.
Fig. 28 (Pl. XVI). Ādinātha from U.P. in the Mathura Museum, no. 00, B.64. The halo is more ornate and the sculpture, dating from Gupta period, c. 5th cent. A.D., is in the style of sculptures from Sarnath. The central part of the simhasana is much defaced but the Jina is identified as Adinātha on account of hair-locks on shoulders. Ref. Studies in Jaina Art, Fig. 26, pp. 13-16, also see ibid., Figs. 25, 27. 23. 24 for other specimens of Jina images of the Gupta age. Also see Sharma, R.C., Jaina Sculptures of the Gupta Age in the State Museum, Lucknow, Sri Mahavira Jaina Vidyalaya Golden Jubilee Volume (English Section), pp. 143-155 and plates; Joanna Williams, Two New Gupta Images, Oriental Art, XVIII.4 (1972), pp. 378-80; Klaus Bruhn, The Jina Images of Deogarh, Figs. 20, 21; U.P. Shah, Jaina Art and Architecture (ed. A. Ghosh), Vol. I, Central India, chap. 12, and R.N. Mishra, Chap. XI on East India, in ibid., pp. 117ff, N.P. Joshi, chap. X on Mathura, in ibid., pp. 107ff. Copyright, Archaeological Museum, Mathura.
Fig. 29 (Pl. XVI). Jivantasvämi installed by Nāgiśvari Śrāvika, Akota, bronze, now in the Baroda Museum. Ref. Shah, U.P., A Unique Jaina Image of Jivantasvāmi, Journal of the Oriental Institute, Vol. I, pp. 72-79 and Akota Bronzes, pp. 27-28, Fig. 12a, where the art and the inscription on this image are discussed. Photo Copyright, U.P. Shah.
Fig. 30 (Pl. XVII). Jivantasvāmi, brass or bronze image with pedestal lost, from Akota, now in the Baroda Museum. Only the bust is illustrated here. For the full figure, see Akota Bronzes, figs. 9a, 9b and pp. 26-27. This is an exquisitely cast beautiful image of the Gupta age, c. late fifth century A.D. Also see M.N.P. Tiwari, Jivantasvami Images, Bharati, New Series no. 2 (1984), pp. 78ff. Photo Copyright, U.P. Shah.
Fig. 31 (Pl. XVIII). Brass or Bronze image of Jivantasvāmi from a Jaina temple in Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Very well preserved image, c. 8th cent. A.D. Note elaborate crown. Eyes studded with silver. Ref. Shah, U.P., More Images of Jivantasvāmi, Journal of Indian Museums, Vol. XI, pp. 49-50 and plates. For images of Jivantasyämi from Ośia, etc. see Devendra Handa, Jaina Sculptures from Osia, Panjab Univ. Research Bulletin (Arts), Vol. XIV, no. 1 (1983), pp. 172-174. Copyright, U.P. Shah.
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