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UCH
208
UDD
U. Uchcha-Nagara—Bulandsahar; see Barana. (Ep. Ind., Vol. 1, p. 379). Udabhanda-Same as Udakhanda. Udakhanda-Chind or Uņd, on the southern bank of the Indus in the Peshawar division of the
Panjab (Cunningham's Ano. Geo., p. 52). It is fifteen miles north-east of Attock. It was
the capital of Gandhara and of the Shahiya kings (Dr. Stein's Rajatarangini, II, p. 337). Udandapura-The town of Bihar in the district of Patna. It was also called Dandapura
and Odantapuri or Udantapura. The name of Bihara (town) occurs in the Dvdvimsa Avadana (Dr. R. Mitra's Sanskrit Buddhist Literature of Nepal, p. 88). It was for some time the capital of the Pala Rajas of Bengal (Arch. S. Rep., Vol. VIII, p. 76). Here still exist the ruins of a fort called the Gad, the palace of the Pala Rajas, while the building called the Nowrattan was the abode of the Muhammadan Amil. "Gopala, the founder of the Pala dynasty (according to Mr. V. A. Smith, 815-60 A.D.), built a great Buddhist monastery in Udandapura, his capital, Pataliputra being then in ruins. The celebrated Vikramasila-vihara was constructed by king Dharmapala, son of Gopala, in the province of Bihar on the top of a hill situated on the right bank of the Ganges in the middle of the eighth century A.D. (see my Bikramasila Monastery in JASB., 1909, p. 1). On the solitary hill immediately to the north-west of the town of Bihar was situated a celebrated vihara with a sandal-wood figure of Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara, which was visited by Hiuen Tsiang in the seventh century. According to the Aigvarika or Theistic sect of Northern Buddhism, Adi Buddha is the supreme god; he created by means of Dhyana or meditation the five Dhyani-Buddhas, viz., Vairochana (of white colour), Akshobhya (blue), Ratnasambhava (yellow), Amitabha (red) and Amoghasiddha (green). Each of the five Buddhas created a divine son called Bodhisattva. Amitabha Buddha created by means of Dhy Ana Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva or Simha-natha Lokesvara (whose figure may be mistaken for the figure of Mahadeva), also called Padmapáni. He was entrusted with the creation and he created Brahma, Vishnu, Mahesvara and dele. gated to them the power of creation, preservation and destruction (Hodgson's Literature and Religion of the Buddhists, pp. 60, 61). See Nepåla and Uravilva. Titarawa, seven miles to the south-east of Bihar, also contained a Buddhist monastery, the ruins of which may still be observed. Bihar remained the seat of local government till 1541 A.D., when Sher Shah removed the seat of government to Patna, in consequence of which Bihar was deserted and fell into ruins (Elliot's History of India, Vol. IV, p. 477). The Id-darg& and the tomb of Makhdum Shah also called Sheriff-uddin Ahmedi Phia, who died in 1380, were constructed in the town of Bihar in 1569 A.D., as it appears from an inscription
(JASB., 1839, p. 350). Udantapura See Udandapura (Ananda Bhatta's Ballala-charitam, ch. 2). Udayagirl-A mountain which is five miles east of Bhuvanesvara in Orissa. It is & spor
of the Assia range (ancient Chatushpitha) containing many Buddhist sculptures of & very ancient date (JASB., vol. XXXIX). It is separated from the Khandagiri hill by a narrow gorge. The oldest caves are on Udayagiri hill, ranging from 500 B.O. to 500 A.D. The celebrated caves are the Tiger Cave and the Elephant cave, and among the excavations the Rani-nur, which is a two-storied monastery with fine sculptures, is the most celebrated, the Ranî being the wife of Raja Lalata Indra Kesari (Stirling's Orissa in Asiatic Researches, vol. XV). Perhaps the mountain contained the Pushpagiri Sanghe
ráma mentioned by Hiuen Tsiang. Udayanta-Same as Ujjayanta (Skanda P., Prabhasa Kh., Vastrapatha-Kshetra-Mahat.,
ch. I, v. 16). Uddayana-Same as Udyana. Vadiyana-Perhaps its corruption is Urain (Devi P., ch. 42); see Ujjayint 2.
