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Muni where Krishna and Balarama were taught by the Risbi; at Damodara Kunda they washed their Takhtas or slates. About two miles to the north of the town is Bhatrihari's guhd on the bank of the Şipra, which appears to have been a portion of the old town. A low doorway made of stone leads through a subterranean passage to various chambers supported on ancient pillars of black carved stone containing inscriptions (see Charanádrl). At the temple of Harasuddhi Devi Vikramaditya used to cut off his head every day and offered it to the goddess, which was, however, restored by the latter (Betala-pancha-vimsati). The Gogashehid, an isolated hill in the south-east quarter of the city, is said to have contained the celebrated throne of Vikramaditya exhumed by Raja Bhoja of Dharanagara (Dvdtrimsat puttalikd). A beautiful bird's eye-view of the city is obtained from the top of this hill (JASB., 1837, p. 813-Observations upon the past and the present condition of Ujjain or Oujein by Lt. Edward Conolly ; Skanda Purana, Avantya kharda, Avanti kshetra-Mahat.). On the south-western side of the city is the ob. servatory of Raja Jai Singh of Jaipur now in ruins (for its description, see Asiatic Resear
ches, vol. V). This observatory is the first meridian of the Hindu astronomers. Uljánaka-Ujjanaka is evidently a corruption of Udyana ; it is written as Udyanaka in the
Padma Purana (Svarga, ch. 19), see Udyana. According to some authority it also included Kafristan, the country situated on the Indus, now inhabited by the Siyah Posh or "black-clad ” from their wearing goatskin dresses (JASB., 1859, p. 317). It is also mentioned in the Mahabharata (AnusAsana, ch. 25). Ouchang of Sung-yun is evidently
#transcription of Ujjánaka. Ujjayanta-Mount Girnar, close to Junagar in Kathiawar. It is sacred to Neminátha,
the twenty-second Tirthai kara of the Jainas (Mahabharata, Vana, ch. 88; Hemachandra). The temple was repaired by Sajjana during the reign of Siddharaj, king of Pattana or Anahillapattana (Tawney : Prabandhachintamani, p. 96). Ujjayanta is mentioned in this work as a synonym of Raivataka. See Girinagara. In the Rudra-Daman inscription
of Girnar, Ujjayanta is written as Urjayata (JASB., 1838, p. 340). Ujjayini-1. Same as Ujjaini. 2. Urain, in the district of Monghyr, near Kiyul contaiu
ing many Buddhist remains. Perhaps Urain is a corruption of Uddiyana (Devi P., ch.
42). 3. Same as Ujani (K. ch., p. 132). Ujjihậna--Same as Uddiyana (Brihat-Samhita, ch. 14). Ukhala-kshetra-Same as Sakara-kshetra ; in fact Ukhala is a corruption of Sûkara. It
is also called Ukala-kshetra (Cunningham's Arch. 8. Rep., I, p. 266). Umâvana-Same as bonitapura (Hemakosha; Trikandasesha: Jaimini-bharata, ch. 21);
Kotalgad or Fort Hastings in Lohul in the district of Kumaun. It was at this place that Uma, the daughter of Himalaya, performed asceticism to get Mahadeva as her
husband and here she was marricd (Brahmanda P., ch. 43). Upa-Banga—The central portion of the eastern part of the delta of the Ganges (Brihat Sam
hitd, ch. 14; Buchanan Records in the Calcutta Review, 1894, p. 2). The country to the
east of the Bhagirathi including Jessore (Digvijaya-Prakása). Upahalaka-Same as Kur ala (Hemakosha) Upamallaka-Malacca. Upaplavya-Same as Virâta (Mbh., Udyoga P., oh. 145). Uraga-Sanie as Urasa (Mbh., Bhishma, ch. 9 and Sabha, ch. 26). Uragapura Uraiyur or Trichinopoli; it was the capital of Pandya in the sixth Toentury
(Raghuvamsa, VI, vs. 59, 60). Mallinátha, the celebrated commentator, identifies it with Någapura which is evidently Nagapatam on the river Kanyakubja (Coleroon); perhaps Mallinatha's Någapura is simply a synonym of Uragapura. Uragapura is evidently the Argaru of the Periplus (Mr. Schoff's edition, p. 46) and its Tamil form is Uraiyur.
