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269
DECEMBER, 1924 ]
A VISIT TO TUMANA -
The next inscription in which Tummâ & is referred to, is at Mah&madpur, 19 miles from Bil Aspur. It states that "in the Tummaņa country there was a king Jâjalladeva, the ornament of the Kalachuris." This record is not dated, but from the names of kings mentioned therein, it appears that it was carved about the time of Prithvideva II, who flour. ished about 1145 A.D. A third record with a definite date in the Chedi year 919 (1167–1168 A.D.) was found at Malhar, 16 miles south-east of Bilaspur. It refers to Jajalladeva II as "ruler of Tummana," during whose time a renowned Pandit Gangadhara, who had settled at Tummâna, built a temple of Kedara at Mallâla (the present Malhår). The fourth re. ference is found at Kharod (37 miles south of Bilaspur) in a record of the Chedi year 933 (1181-1182 A.D.), which gives the geneology of the Kalachuri kings up to Ratnadeva III, and refers to Kamalaraja as "Lord of Tummana." Finally a Ratanpur inscription of Prithvideva III, belonging to the year 1189-90 A.D., speaks of one Govinda, who had come in that Raja's time from the Chedi country to Tummâņa,' showing that in spite of tne capital having been moved from there, it continued to be a place of importance. It would appear that the old capital was remembered with pride long after it had ceased to be the residence of what is now called the Ratanpur line of Haihaya kings. It is this association with Ratanpur which led Dr. Kielhorn to identify Tummâna with 'Jundshahar' or old town, which is the name of an abandoned quarter of Ratanpur. He had never heard of the existence of Tummâna forty-five miles further north.
Tummâna owes its importance wholly to the Kalachuris, who however do not appear to have occupied it continuously, since they first selected it as their residence. The quot. ations from the inscriptions, which I have given above, indicate that one of the eighteen sons of Kokalla of Tripuri (six miles from Jubbulpore) made it his head-quarters about 875 A.D. It appears that after the lapse of about 125 years the place had to be reconquered by Kalinga. raja, a scion of the Tripuri family, who is stated to have taken Dakshina Kosala by the might of his two arms, after destroying the enemy at Tummâņa, 8 Apparently some aborigines had displaced the Kshatriyas. There is a tradition that a local chief called Ghughghus fought with the Kshatriyas for about 10 years. How long Tummana remained with the aborigines there is no material to determine, but after Kalingaraja took it, it remained in the possession of his family for about 700 years, although the parental stock at Tripuri became extinct within about 200 years from Kalinga's time.
Various conjectures have been made as to the place whenoe the Kalachuris immigrated to Tripuri. One of them makes Tritasaurya their original capital, as this word occurs in inscriptions and has been taken to stand for a place-name. Thus, in the inscription first quoted above the name occurs twice, and Dr. Kielhorn has treated it as their old capital without any attempt to locate it. To me the name sounds a tribal one, and I am inclined to interpret differently the two slokas which run as follows:
तेषां हैहय भूभुजां समभववंशे स चेदीश्वरः भी कोकल्ल इति स्मर प्रतिकृतिर्विश्व प्रमोदो यतः। येनायं त्रितसौर्य [सैन्यबलमाया ] मेन मातुं यशः
स्वायं प्रेषितमुचकैः कियदिति ब्रह्मांडमन्तःक्षिति ।४। 4 Ind. Ant., Vol. XX and Hiralal's O.P. Inscriptions, p. 111. 6 pi. Inul., Vol. 1, pp. 39 ff and Hiralal's O.P. Inscriptions, p. 112. . Ind. Ant., Vol. XXII p. 82 and Hiralal's C.P. Inscriptions, p. 108. 7 Epi. Ind. Vol. I, p. 50. • दक्षिण कौशलो जनपसे बाहरवेनार्जितः राजधानी स तुभ्माणः पूर्वजैः कृत इत्वतः तपस्योऽरिक्ष कुर्वन name = 1 (Epi., Ind, Vol. I, p. 34).
