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PUS
164
RAD
he attained Buddhahood, came from Puskaravati-nagara, which is also called Okalla by other Buddhist writers. They built a dagoba called the Shaidagon Pagoda upon the hairs given to them by Buddha after their return to their native country (Upham's Buddhist Tracts in the Sacred Books of Ceylon, Vol. III, p. 110; JASB., 1859, p. 473). Pushpa-giri-A part of the Malaya range, in which the river Kritamála (Vaiga) has got its
source (Márkandeya P., ch. 57; cf. Vishnu P., Pt. II, ch. 3).
Pushpapura-Patna. It appears that it was originally the name of a quarter of ancient Pâțaliputra and inhabited by the rich and the nobles (Mudrârâkshasa, Act I); from the name of this quarter the whole town was called Pushpapura or Kusumapura (or Kumrår) where the royal palace was situated. Same as Pâtaliputra and Kusumapura. Pushpavati-The river Pâmbai in Travancore (Bardha P., ch. 85).
R
Radha-That part of Bengal which lies to the west of the Ganges (Ananda Bhatta's Ballálacharitam, pt. II, ch. 1), including Tamluk, Midnapur (Wilson's Introduction to Mackenzie Collections, chaps. 138, 139) and the districts of Hughli and Burdwan. A portion of the district of Murshidabad was included in its northern boundary. It was the native country of Vijaya, who conquered Ceylon with seven hundred followers (Upham's Rájával, pt. 1; Rajatarangini, ch. 2; Mahávamsa, chaps. 6, 47); see Simhala. It is the Lâļa of the Buddhists and Lada of the Jainas. According to the latter, Bajjrabhumi and Subbhabhumi are the two divisions of Lada where Mahavira or Varddhamâna, the 24th Tirthankara, wandered for more than 12 years before he attained Jinahood (Bühler's Indian Sect of the Jinas) at Jrimbhikagrama on the river Rijupâlikâ near the Pârasnâth hills (Mrs. Sinclair Stevenson's Heart of Jainism, p. 38). Prof. Jacobi supposes that Subbhabhumi is probably the country of the Suhmas, who are also identified with the Radhas (Jacobi's Achârânga Sûtra, bk. 1, ch. 8, sec. 3 in SBE., Vol. XXII, p. 84). The ancient name of Radha was Sumha (Nilakantha, see Sumha) and its name in the medieval period was Lata or Lala. The Purâṇas call the country by the name of Sumha, excepting the Devi-Purana (ch. 39) in which Radha is mentioned. Kâlidâsa mentions Sumha in his Raghuvamsa, IV, v. 35. Râdha is perhaps the Gânga of the inscriptions (Epigraphia Indica, II, 198; IV, 288). It is the country of the Gangrida Calinga of Pliny and Ganga. ridai of Megasthenes and Ptolemy. Its capital according to Ptolemy, was Gânge which
is identified with Saptagrama or Såtgåon. To account for the names of Gâiga, Gânge and Ganges Regia, either we must suppose that at the beginning of the Christian era the country was either conquered by some monarch of the Gånga dynasty of the south (see Palakaḍa for the Ganga dynasty of Mysore), or that it derived its name from its capital Saptagrama, called Gangå on account of its situation on the Ganges. See Gânga. According to Diodorus the Ganges flowed by the eastern side of the country of the Gangaridai. It should be stated that according to Prof. Wilson, Ananta Varma, the first of the line of Ganga-vamsa kings of Orissa was also called "Kolâhala, sovereign of Ganga-Radhi" (Mackenzie Collections, Intro., cxxxviii). Rajasekhara who flourished in the tenth century mențions the name of Radha instead of Sumha (Karpûra-mañjari, Act I). The Prabodhachandrodaya-Nataka (Act II) which was written in the eleventh century speaks of Dakshina Radha, indicating that before that period Radha was divided into Uttara and Dakshina Radha. The portion on the north of the river Ajaya (including a portion of the district of Murshidabad, is Uttara Radha and that on the south is Dakshina Rådha. In the Mahd
