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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY
APRIL, 1984
294. In 1652 Kozinga instigated a rebellion of the peasants in Formosa against the Dutch (de Mailla, XI, 51) but was unable to give them the necessary support. The plot was, in fact, betrayed by ono Pauw, the brother of the Chinese pirate captain Fayet. Fayet was killed in the fighting ; his Lieutenant Lonega was roasted alive before & slow fire and then dragged through the town at the tail of a horse. The other rebel captains, who had been guilty of gross atrocities, were broken on the wheel and then quartered (Dubois, p. 150). Mr. Phillip (China Review, X, 125 ) says that Fayet was ruler of Smeerdorp.
295. In 1653 Koxinga attacked Amoy and took it, defeating the Tartars, but in 1656 was himself defeated with a loss of 500 ships at Nankin (Chin. Repos. III, 66). In 1656 he established himself at Tsong-nung at the mouth of the Kiang River and captured Tong-Chow which cominanded the approach to Nankin (Boulger, II, 310). In 1658 he vainly attempted to obtain assistance from Japan, but the latter refused and warned the Dutch that he had had designs against Formosa as early as 1646 (Chin. and Jap. Repos., 3rd April 1864, p. 424). In 1659 Koxinga defeated a Tartar fleet and cut off the ears and noses of 4,000 prisoners. The latter were put to death by the Tartar Emperor as a warning to his soldiers and sailors that he had no use for men who allowed themselves to be defeated by pirates. Koxinga now ravaged the whole coast and in an attack on Nankin destroyed the greater part of the Tartar fleet. He was however forced to retire, for the Tartars, observing that his men were off their guard whilst engaged in celebrating the birthday of their chief, surprised his camp and killed all but 3,000 of his men. These escaped to his ships, of which 500 were taken (Gemelli Careri in Churchill, IV, 389). As the Emperor was still unable to protect the coast, he ordered the inhabitants to retire twelve miles inland (Chin. Repos. 1834, p. 66). Mr.T.F. Tout tells 119 (Pol. Hist. of England, III, 334) that in July 1338 Edward III ordered dwellers on the south coast of England to take refuge in fortresses and remove their goods four leagues from the sea owing to the activity of French corsairs.
Dutch. 296. In 1652 the Dutch settled at the Cape of Good Hope (Dubois, 151). From August of this year to April 1654 they were at war with England, but besides engaging in general acts of piraoy in the Red Sea (Bruce, I, 448), they anticipated the declaration of hostilities by attacking and destroying English vessels in the Persian Gulf (Ibid., p. 482).
297. In 1656 the King of Gilolo, having been made prisoner by the Dutch, was secretly drowned with twenty-five of his people, for fear his execution should excite a tumult (Crawfurd. II, 527-8).
298. From 1655 the Cape was supplied with slaves brought from Malabar, Coromandel, Bengal, Ceylon, the Malay Archipelago and especially, Madagascar. To the last of these places there came as slavers the English from Jamaica and Barbadoes, the Portuguese of Mozambique and Brazil, Mussulmans from Melindi and Arabia, the Dutch of Java and Mauri. tius. The Dutch went chiefly to the Bay of St. Augustine on the southwest coast, and the Bay of Antongil on the northeast (Deherain. pp. 202, 204). In 1658 the Dutch ship. Amersfort landed at the Cape 166 slaves from Angola in West Africa whom she had taken out of a Portuguese ship which she had captured not far from the coast of Brazil (Deherain, p. 200).
299. In December 1659, Johan van Riebeck, Governor of the Cape, discovered a conspiracy amongst the garrison and settlers to master the fort, kill the chief officials, seize the ship Erasmus, then in harbour, and turn pirates (Dehérain, p. 70).
Malays. 800. In 1653 a Dutch expedition from Amboyna reduced the inhabitants of the Papous Islands who had infested the surrounding seas with their piracies (Dubois, 155). In the same year Correlat, King of Mindanao, put to death two Jesuits and some Spaniards who had
