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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY
[JUNE, 1924
N.S., XI, p. 37), instead of the merman seen by the Dutch, tells us of a whale which appeared before the fort bearing on its back a human figure with dishevelled locks and dressed in red garments. This account says that Koxinga's attaok was much facilitated by some plans brought to him by Cojet's Linguist or Interpreter, Hopin (Burney, III, 244, calls the traitor Pincqua) who had run away after embezzling some thousands from the Treasury. Koxinga fixed his residence at Zeelandia, which he renamed Gan-ping ching or the City of Peace, and flushed with success, threatened the Philippines and demanded tribute from the Spaniards. The latter agreed to withdraw from Zamboangam in Mindanao although it was their only defence against the pirates of that island and of Sulu (de Morga, 360 ; Careri in Churchill, IV, 389; Duhalde, I, 91-2 ; Zuniga, I, 302). Fortunately for the Europeans, Koxinga died in 1663 (2nd July 1662. Chin. and Jap. Repos. I, 428; Imbault-Huart, p. 75), it is said of vexation on hearing of the conclusion of an alliance between the Dutch and the Tartars, the discovery by the Spanish of a conspiracy of his partisans in the Philippines (for complicity in which several thousand Chinese had been put to death), and finally the seduction of one of his wives by his own son (Careri, Churchill, IV, 390).66 He was succeeded by his son Ching-Ching or Ching-king-may (Macgowan, p. 527 ; Duhalde, I, 92) or as Dubois (p. 214) calls him, Simpsia or Sepoan. Though the Dutch lost Formosa, a fleet of thirteen ships from Batavia cruised this year against the Chinese pirates on the coast of China and Formosa (Schouten, I, 441).
Duteh. 321. In 1660 the Dutch took Macassar in the Celebes, and in 1661 Cochin and Cannanore in India from the Portuguese (Schouten, II. 53). In 1662 their Admiral Keizerzoon attempted to follow the example of Weddell at Canton and force a trade, but was repulsed by the Chinese with Portuguese assistance (Anc. and Mod. Hist. of China, p. 72). 822. In 1663 the Spaniards abandoned the Moluccas (Dubois, p. 164).
English. 828. On the 9th July 1662 the Vierge de Bon Port, one of the four vessels which formed the first expedition of the French East India Company, on its return voyage to France, was taken by English corsairs off Guernsey. The Captain, Truchot de la Chesnaie, is variously Abented to diand died in captivity in the Isle of Wight and to have returned to France in 1667 11 de Sobtrappud 9).
824. The first permanent English Factory at Surat was founded in 1612. From a very early date the Factors issued passes. For these they charged a regular fee of ten rupees (Letter from Surat to Calicut, 24th May 1660; Foster, English Factories, 1655-60, p. 342). But when Bombay was ceded to England, the question arose as to the relations between the Company's Agents in India and the King's officers at Bombay. The Governor of Bombay, Sir Humphrey Cooke, encroaching upon the rights, including the power to grant passes, previously enjoyed by the Company, the latter obtained an order from Charles II that his officers should not interfere with the Company's servants (Court to Surat, 7th March 1665). In 1668 the Crown made over Bombay to the Company, and in 1687, Mr. Henry Gary, then Governor of Bombay, which now became the seat of the Presidency, forbade the Factors at Surat to issue passes. Apparently these passes were merely certificates of honesty and did not entitle the ships carrying them to anything more than immunity from attack by English vessels, for in a letter of the 15th October 1696, Sir John Gayer mentions that Delhi allowed to English, Dutch and French ships for convoy (i.e., protection) from Surat to Mocha and Jeddah, Rs. 10,000 for small and Rs. 15,000 for great ships, together with the right to carry what
** Brinkley (X, 179) says that in 1662 the Spanish ordered an indiscriminate massacre of the Chinese Living in the Philippines on suspicion of connection with Koxinga, who was then threatening an
theks on the islands. Koxinga was buried at Amingkang, a large village & mile south of Amoy, where his tomb is shown to visitors (Mayers, Treaty Ports, p. 256).
