Fundamentals Of Jainism

Author(s): Champat Rai Jain
Publisher: Veer Nirvan Bharti

Page 60

FUNDAMENTALS OF JAINISM
these consists in the process of self-restraint, and is of the following six kinds :
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(i) Anashana, or fasting, the frequent observance of which is well-calculated to purify the sense organs, on the one hand; and to lessen the sense of attachment to the objects of bodily enjoyment on the other.
(ii) Avamodarya, or the avoidance of full meals. The habitual practising of this form of self-restraint would go a long way towards eradicating laziness from the system and would impart fresh energy to the mind. (iii) Vrita parisankhyâna, putting restrictions on begging for food, for instance, taking the vow that nothing would be eaten on a certain day unless it be given by a rájâ, or in golden vessels, and so forth.
(iv) Rasa parityaga, or abstaining from one or more of the six kinds of tasty articles of food, clarified butter, milk, dahi (a kind of sour milk), sugar, salt and oil.
(v) Bibikta shayyasana, or living in unfrequented places, away from the haunts of men; staying in unoccupied houses, and the like.
(vi) Kayaklesa, the practising of bodily austerities such as remaining in the sun in summer, standing under a tree in rain, living on the bank of a river in winter, and the like. The object of kayak lesha is to get over the longing for bodily comfort, and to prepare the system to bear the inclemencies of seasons without disquietude of mind.
The practising of these six forms of physical austerities is necessary for perfection in the antaranga tapa, which is also of six kinds, viz.,
(1) Prayashchita, the doing of penance for faults committed through pramada (laziness).
(i) Vinaya which is of four kinds, viz.,
(a) darshana vinaya, the establishing of mind in right belief, or faith, and showing respect to those who have such belief;
(b) jñâna vinaya, observing due respect for those who