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104
FUNDAMENTALS OF JAINISM
kind of pain is felt only by those of the fifth class who evolve out a mind-men, monkeys, dogs and the like. All kinds of living beings, however possess the karmâna and the taijasa shariras whose separation from the body of gross matter is called deathpainful process at all times, and more so when the bodies are separated by forca of external violence. Pain is also felt by all kinds of living beings when their limbs are cut, pierced, torn asunder or otherwise mutilated.
Himsá is the causing of pain to another and includes all kinds of acts calculated to interfere with one's enjoyment of life or freedom in respect of one's prâņas
The following table will enable the reader to form a general idea of its main types at a glance:
himsá.
injuring one-sensed beings
(A)
injuring the remaining types
of living beings
(B)
deliberate
accidental
due to carelessness
(C)
implied in the struggle for existence
(D)
necessary (E)
wanton (F)
in defence of for the main in the treat- in the em () body, tenance of ment of ployment of (11) property law and wounds, etc. men and and order.
animals for the (iii) country.
purposes of trade, etc., etc.
T kulling for
sport slavery
sacrifice vivisection food, trade,
etc.
The layman very naturally, is not expected to avoid injuring the one-sensed beings, nor can he refrain from all other kinds of injury except wanton cruelty. He is, therefore required to practise ahimsa in respect of class F. The muni is, however able to avoid injuring others in all cases falling under classes D., E and F., and
