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In this stanza (Sutra) Patanjali has given the spiritual connotation of Pranayama as its fourth dimension in addition to the three dimensions of Purak. Rechak and Kumbhaka. It exhorts that effort should be made to throw out the evil thoughts, emotions and sensual infatuation with every exhalation.
Pratyahara :
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Pratyahara is withdrawal of five senses of touch, taste, smell, sight and hearing from their pursuits and indulgence and thus free the mind from sensual infatuations to enable it to concentrate on pureself. Such extreme interpretation is not practicable and is escapism. The practical interpretation is austerity, restraint, control of unbridled pursuit and indulgence in sensual pleasures. It is unrestricted race and greed to acquire and consume more and more objects to satisfy unlimited sensual desires that is responsible for sprialling consumerism many times more than carrying capacity of nature which is one of the principal factors for increasing environmental pollution and degradation.
3.
Vibhutipada :
Out of eight steps five have been described in second section Sadhanapad of Yog Sutra. The remaining three are dealt with in this third section Vibhutipa, containing 55 stanzas (Sutras).
(vi)
Dharna :
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UTIR ERUTTI 1111"
"In Dharna practice of yoga the yogi practises concentration of mind on a particular object of thought."
(vii)
Dhyan :
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TH11211"
"It is extension and intensification of previous step Dharna (concentration) by continued dwelling upon or contemplation of object so held in Dharna.
